Domain: ubuntu.com
Stories and comments across the archive that link to ubuntu.com.
Comments · 3,260
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Ubuntu Torrents
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Re:I've been waiting for this onefor restricted formats, this link is invaluable check out
Restricted Formats
for a neat wireless/lan/modem managment tool look hereDebianAdmin.com
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Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:download speeds...
Perhaps you should try making everybody use mirrors?
Here's the list from the announcement:
Europe:
http://se.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Sweden)
http://es.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Spain)
http://nl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/linux/ubuntu/7.04 (The Netherlands)
http://ie.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Ireland)
http://it.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Italy)
http://pl.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Poland)
http://de.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Germany)
http://bg.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Bulgaria)
Australia:
http://au.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04
Africa:
http://za.releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (South Africa)
Rest of the world:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04 (Great Britain) -
Re:Translation Follows:
You buy Linux....I just get my mate Mark mail it to me for free: https://shipit.ubuntu.com/
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Re:Neelie Kroes?
That's a start, now head over to http://www.ubuntu.com/ for Ubuntu 6.10.
In your face, Bosh. -
Re:Unless X craps out
I was going by the schedule here.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FeistyReleaseSchedule -
Re:Unless X craps out
Have you tried the Ubuntu LiveCD? Do you have problems with X using that, or just when you install? You can get the latest Feisty Fawn beta here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/feisty/herd-5/ it's already quite stable (I'm using it to type this message). If the LiveCD works, it should install fine. Try it without proprietary drivers first, they can sometimes cause problems.
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Re:Glass Effect and ScreenshotsFortunately you can replace window's desktop with a real window manager. Add in Cygwin in a Terminator window and it's almost tolerable. Wow, that seems like a lot of work.
Luckily, you can get all the same functionality with only one install. -
Re:my EUR 0.02:
I know what the ????? step is:
"Grub error 21"
Repeat steps 1 to 3 twenty times with various hacks found on the ubuntu forums before finally giving up.
See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Core_2_Duo_Support for more information.
I'll install Ubuntu when it works on my 80gb PATA drive. If XP and Vista install perfectly to a JMicron controller, why can't Linux? -
Quirks and Tips For Avoiding Vista
choongiri writes:
"Slashdot's A. Coward has some advice for those considering an upgrade to Vista. He huffs the work Microsoft has done on the installation program, and thinks it still presents problems for those who wish to upgrade. He recommends the free Windows Vista Avoidance Adviser. Then, be sure to pick the best edition for your use."
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Re:That's why Microsoft will win.
Actually, the OSS world does have use cases. For example, see Ubuntu's use cases:
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Re:That's why Microsoft will win.
Actually, the OSS world does have use cases. For example, see Ubuntu's use cases:
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Re:That's why Microsoft will win.
Actually, the OSS world does have use cases. For example, see Ubuntu's use cases:
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Re:Boot up speed?
By modern I was thinking of RAM > 192 MB, (people who bought bargain pcs five and more years ago would face that problem) and a processor around 2 GHz or more. If the poster above took several minutes to boot Ubuntu, it seems pretty likely that he was running into the problem that he is running an old pc.
Don't believe me?
http://www.ubuntu.com/products/WhatIsUbuntu/deskto pedition
"Ubuntu is available for PC, 64-Bit and Mac architectures. CDs require at least 256 MB of RAM. Install requires at least 2 GB of disk space."
http://www.slackware.com/install/sysreq.php
"Slackware Linux doesn't require an extremely powerful system to run (though having one is quite nice :). It will run on systems as far back as the 486. Below is a list of minimum system requirements needed to install and run Slackware.
* 486 processor
* 16MB RAM (32MB suggested)
* 100-500 megabytes of hard disk space for a minimal and around 3.5GB for full install
* 3.5" floppy drive
Additional hardware may be needed if you want to run the X Window System at a usable speed or if you want network capabilities." -
Re:My experience with 6.10 (It's the preinstall!)
Finding an
.exe file on the manufacturer's website is not innately easier than looking at http://help.ubuntu.com/ and following some simple instruction. When installing dual boot systems for people, the Windows side always takes me more effort because I have to scrabble around for drivers and apps rather than having everything easily available in the Ubuntu package repository. -
Re:FLAC.
I also recommend FLAC, that is what I am ripping all of my CDs to. When you can get a 500gig HDD for under $140,it is worth every cent and more to do what you are doing. I have an Ubuntu system set up for network storage so I can play my FLACs with my two Cowon iAudio (Highly Recommended) portable media players(support FLAC natively), streamed to my stereo through the Xbox media center( XBMC , streamed to my computer, my daughters computer, or transcoded for other players. In my opinion FLAC is 100% the way to go.
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Re:If only Ubuntu weren't abandonware
Edgy hasn't been beta for a while. At least not according to ubuntu.com. This does not look like a beta to me. That said, I don't really care if it's beta or not. It's not that bugs are being ignored, it's that they're being dismissed for being non-issues.
I've yet to deal with an Ubuntu, Kubuntu, or Xubuntu install that didn't require some serious fiddling. I'm disappointed, but not too much, that I couldn't boot a 6.10 release CD on my machine. That I could not apt-get and download a fixed version (considering that the fix is about as trivial as they come) makes me think twice about my choice of distributions. -
Re:Huh?Kind of have to agree with the parent on this one. The alternative was better because adoption was practically guaranteed. If you are serious about implementing open source solutions, you do have to put your $0.02 worth in to get the most out of it. Doing it solo seems a bit irresponsible. Ask around, I'm sure someone would have loved to offer their services.
About marketing; while marketing OSS is a process in itself, some projects do have marketing materials available, just have to know where to find them. Then have to take some time to pick out what works and what doesn't. Examples: http://marketing.openoffice.org/ , http://www.ubuntu.com/products/casestudies , http://www.redhat.com/solutions/intelligence/
Finally, don't see why this is on the front page. This is a question to the public, not news. Take it to a freakin forum.
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There (probably) was one in November 2004
See http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-30-1; something like 7 vulnerabilities were found in the kernel's smbfs driver which could be used for remote DoS and potentially for remote root, at least on some configurations (the Linux community decided to fix the bugs instead of waiting for exploit code to appear). There may have been other remote root exploits since then -- I haven't been keeping track.
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Re:Mark's perspective is upside down...
It's not the best of interfaces, but Ubuntu has some level of specification of hardware support on their wiki.
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Why no commercial supported Ubuntu?
Is this something Dell over looked?
Canonical offer commercial support for Ubuntu including Phone and Email support.
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Re:Hmm... fairly obvious I'd say
I recall being mod-ded down several years ago for saying the same thing. Eh-eh-eh-eh-eh-eh, now I use Kubuntu Feisty Fawn. I offer a prediction, "that when Linux Project Authors add documentation,(with examples of usage), AND installation via something like 'apt-get', that Microsoft 'chair' holders will begin macro gravity testing."
"Slowly, one by one, the Penguins steal my sanity." - Unknown -
Re:I don't get why they would use Ubuntu...
Hmm. Perhaps you haven't heard of the LTS release. Dapper is supported on the desktop for 3 years, 5 on the server. Packages are stable, only getting security and bug fixes. Similar to RHEL. I'm sure this is what they're planning on using. If not, they need to fire the implementers.
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Re:I don't get why they would use Ubuntu...
The thing is that Ubuntu is built around the latest and greatest bleeding edge bits and pieces, it's quite common for stable packages to be replaced with beta versions and for things to break horribly without warning. Maybe Ubuntu could start releasing a toned down distribution for use in environments where stability and predictable behaviour is more important.
You have no clue how the Ubuntu releases work, do you? What you proposing exists since 06/2006, it is called Ubuntu 6.06 LTS -
Re:OT: Have anyone tried Wubi?
I haven't tried Wubi but I'm guessing its similar to the Debain Installer that I tried. I never had any trouble with that. You've got to love the Ubuntu wiki and its use cases!
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Re:Perfect matchup
While it's not my favorite distro, there are plenty of support options available for Ubuntu. Of course I'm pretty sure you knew that and just felt like tossing out a troll. The alternative is you're just daft.
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Re:Ignorance is just so wonderful to see in action
I think the official instructions would be a better comparison. They can be found here.
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Re:Before we have OEMs shipping linux on machines.
Where can I get a well supported full featured distro that doesn't remove 90% of the features from programs like XMMS, Mplayer and ffmpeg? (MP3 support, WMA support, DVD playback, RealAudio support etc etc)
I do believe all the commercial Linux distributions (the ones you need to pay for) offer all that out of the box.
That said, I just use Kubuntu and install that support after installing it. Of course if you find that too difficult, you can ask the community for help (Forums | irc://irc.freenode.net/kubuntu - IRC) and if you find that too difficult or don't want to bother.
You are of course always free to go out and buy a copy of SuSE Linux or perhaps Mandriva. I've used both commercial (pay) versions of these distributions and I can assure you that they support this out of the box. -
Re:Ignorance is just so wonderful to see in action
If I understand correctly you don't touch the
.conf to get ubuntu running, but it offers no tools to change whatever configuration it comes up with? So therefore unless you add a monitor or whatever you wouldn't need to modify the .conf?
Sorry, the part about autoconfig in my commment was not so much related to Ubuntu. I don't know how this will work out since AFAICT autoconfig is very new functionality in Xorg 7.2 and it is not yet used in Ubuntu (although 7.04 Feisty will include Xorg 7.2). I think the idea is that in the long run there is no xorg.conf at all, you just plug in your hardware and it works.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuDownUnder/BOFs/XorgA utoconfiguration -
Re:PNG with bzip2 compression?
It is not faster, and in addition, it is much less space-efficient.
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Re:You don't get it
Yes, and here's link to Ubuntu which also is offtopic.
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Re:Why Again?Linux is easy to download, and easy to install as long as you understand how to burn a disk from an ISO and install an operating system. Or you could, you know, buy a CD/DVD with a Linux distro on it, or you could get one for free at Ubuntu ShipIt. Installing it is as simple as putting the CD in your disc drive, rebooting, [double-]clicking the "Install" icon on the desktop, and following the very easy install process. Do you know how to partition hard drives? Do you know how much swap space you need? Every newbie-friendly distro auto-partitions your disks by default. Some of them even have an option to resize your current partitions so you don't lose any of your data. Could your grandmother get 3d acceleration working with Xorg? Since my grandmother is a heavy gamer who must have full 3d acceleration, I'm pretty sure she can read the short guide on how to do it (spoiler: install nvidia-glx).
I think it's time you got with the times; it ain't 1997 anymore; it's 2007. -
Re:Red Hat doesn't matter anymore
"RHEL is about the server. Fedora, Ubuntu and other are about the desktop."
Not true. Ubuntu 6.06 LTS is great for the server. -
Re:Red Hat doesn't matter anymore
RHEL and ubuntu cater to two completely different kinds of computing.
Ubuntu cares more about pretty widgets for new linux users than "Enterprise" features.
By "Enterprise" I mean things like...
Kerberos/LDAP integration: If you don't know, this is what will enable SSO capabilities. (aka, what windows did with AD over 7 years ago.) Ubuntu has had a bug in nss_ldap that showed up in Edgy that causes the system to delay booting by a few minutes because it "cannot contact the LDAP server".(bug Bug 51315). Dapper was supposed to be the first Enterprise edition. It worked fine in that release. It has been broken in Edgy, and will remain broken in Feisty as well because its part of "Universe" and not in the main branch. Something like this should not be broken for over a year solid spanning two releases.
Consistency and uniformity: UID and GID used for system accounts (proxy, cups, bin, sys, etc) should not change between releases breezy -> dapper). Whiskey, Tango, Foxtrot.
Commercial software validation/ certification: Oracle support on Ubuntu == Lies.
Documentation: http://www.redhat.com/docs/ vs http://www.ubuntu.com/support/documentation : You decide.
A WIKI??
Support: Redhat will fly somebody out at 3am vs canonicals... uhm.... *reads their webpage*... *scratches head*....
RHEL runs machines that are important.
Ubuntu runs yours.
-s
/ never posts on slashdot... // Posting as AC because I'm too busy to recover my login. -
Re:On the other hand...
That article is wrong. It's just written by some blogger. Here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo
"By default, the root account is locked in Ubuntu. This means you cannot login as root or use su."
The password is not random; it simply does not exist. The account is locked, which means NO root login is possible ANYWHERE, not through a console, not through su, not through X, not through SSH, nowhere. sudo works by asking a daemon (already running as root, spawned by init) to run the process for it; the daemon does the authentication itself, which is totally separate from normal account methods. -
Re:My Ubuntu Experience
Install KDE and you get Konqueror, arguably the most powerful and efficient file manager
.... even mac users envy it ... and it's easy to install on Ubuntu.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingKDE/ and here:
http://www.debianadmin.com/install-kde-desktop-in- ubuntu.html
the short of it is:
apt-get install kubuntu-desktop -
Probably just etc...According to Ubuntu Docs:
/etc - configuration files, startup scripts, etc... -
Re:DON'T INSTALL VISTA ON 2002 COMPUTER
https://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/ubuntu/installation-
g uide/i386/index.html
I don't have a 386 to test it on, but something tells me that, even if I did, you would just accuse me of making it up or something.
Conspiracy? There's nothing consipiratorial going on here. Microsoft is exploiting laziness. They don't even make it a secret. They print on the box what you need to run it. They know that most people don't have sufficient hardware, and they know that enough people are lazy enough to just go buy another computer rather than demand the software be written better. Microsoft's not trying to make any money for Intel or AMD, they're just trying to save a buck by writing non-scalable software. They're not passing that savings on to us, either.
Am I wasting my time trying to get my point across, or do you just get my point and choose to not engage me in a real debate? Can you just let me know if your mind is already made up, or if you're even aiming to change my perspective with the introduction of something other than one liners? -
Re:I'm using feisty since herd 1
Sorry, I think I've misunderstood what you were saying completely. I don't know if you're even using feisty or Ubuntu at all then... right, well, no, the wireless support won't work unless you have an Internet connection to install the firmware with. I had this problem myself - I solved it by downloading this package and putting it onto a USB stick and then installing it. Once I'd done that (and rebooted) I was able to connect to wireless networks. I've only tested this with feisty, and NetworkManager (which comes with feisty) makes this stuff a lot easier, so I don't know what the experience is like with previous versions. Also, NetworkManager/bcm43xx/WPA don't work particularly well together, but it's fine for WEP and unencrypted networks.
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Re:Does Upstart = Launchd?
Upstart is similar in concept to Launchd, but was written from scratch by Ubuntu. It is event-driven, not runlevel driven, which gives it some very interesting abilities that I'm sure will be exploited in creative ways in the future. I would be surprised if we don't see it included in Suse and Fedora in the near future, and a package is already in Debian experimental.
For more on Upstart, check out its website: http://upstart.ubuntu.com/
The original Ubuntu feature request that lead to it is here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ReplacementInit (Discussions at the bottom as to why Launchd was not used.)