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The Plastic Fractal Magnet

bedessen writes "An article at NewsFactor summarizes the developments in new plastics that exhibit magnetic fields of fractal dimensions. Whereas a simple bar magnet produces magnetic fields that go from the north pole to the south pole, the fields of the new hybrid plastic sprout like branches of a cactus lined with secondary fields that resemble needles. As these fields become increasingly interlocked, they exhibit a unique kind of order. This intensely ordered structure might one day be key to storing information with a very high density. The researchers behind this are Arthur Epstein, director of the Center for Materials Research at Ohio State University, and Joel Miller, a professor of chemistry at the University of Utah. There's also this PDF overview of the subject, which is quite technical but still readable."

161 comments

  1. If my calculations are correct... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    This new fractal magnet will allow my flux-capacitor to send this message BACK IN TIME... to get first post! .....

    Great Scott!

    1. Re:If my calculations are correct... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If only more first posts were so entertaining!

    2. Re:If my calculations are correct... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Eureka! It works!

      Now you need to go back at least 25 years to file the patent!

  2. Practical Applications? by kavachameleon · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Is there any news on actual practical applications of these new magnets we've been hearing about? BTW... Discover Magazine had an article on Carbon magnets, quite interesting, because carbon is not *supposed* to be magnetic. Link here. Just my comments...

    1. Re:Practical Applications? by rgoer · · Score: 1
      From the article:
      "Unless Epstein and Miller have clever ideas for controlling the interactions between their 1-D magnets, I do not see any technology."
      Or so says NYU physics prof Andrew Kent, at least.
    2. Re:Practical Applications? by Alsee · · Score: 5, Funny

      Practical Applications?

      Finally! A fractal magnet that will stick to my fractal refrigerator! The normal magnets always fell off because it doesn't have a flat surface.

      -

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    3. Re:Practical Applications? by Daniel_Staal · · Score: 1

      Haven't read the article yet, but assuming they are fairly unique and you have a reliable and quick detection tech, this sounds like it would make a great key.

      --
      'Sensible' is a curse word.
    4. Re:Practical Applications? by popmaker · · Score: 1

      A fractal refrigerator, cool! So, when you put something into it, does it grow spirals and stuff?

    5. Re:Practical Applications? by smithmc · · Score: 1

      If you could make a fractal-surfaced object that exactly matched the surface of your fridge, it wouldn't have to be magnetic, as long as it had enough surface area - there'd be no air between the object and the fridge, and air pressure would hold it in place.

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    6. Re:Practical Applications? by SEWilco · · Score: 1
      This intensely ordered structure might one day be key to storing information with a very high density.

      Obviously, storing info on increasingly smaller refrigerators does increase the information density.

    7. Re:Practical Applications? by denny_d · · Score: 1

      your link http://www.discover.com/dec_02/featmagnet.html
      he lped me better understand this technology. thanks for the tip!
      dgd

    8. Re:Practical Applications? by hplasm · · Score: 1

      Things in my regular fridge grow spirals and stuff...

      --
      ...and he grinned, like a fox eating shit out of a wire brush.
  3. Fractal poetry by Toasty16 · · Score: 2
    Fractal song

    Kill me.

  4. Less than one dimension is problematic... by dagg · · Score: 5, Interesting
    Controlling nanoscale magnetic fields that exist in less than one dimension may prove problematic...

    Am I the only one having problems understanding that article? I'm not a physicist, but I didn't think anything could exist in less than one dimension. Freaky.

    --
    Sex - Find It
    1. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Can something exist in only one dimension?

    2. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Jace+of+Fuse! · · Score: 3, Funny

      Controlling nanoscale magnetic fields that exist in less than one dimension may prove problematic...

      I didn't think anything could exist in less than one dimension. Freaky.

      I would say if it can't exist in less than one dimention then controlling a nanoscale magnetic field that doesn't exist would prove QUITE problematic. If they can find a way to get around the whole "not existing" part, this could open up whole new areas of science.

      --

      "Everything you know is wrong. (And stupid.)"

      Moderation Totals: Wrong=2, Stupid=3, Total=5.
    3. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by BattleWolf · · Score: 5, Interesting
      Elsewhere in the article it states:

      "A fractal is an object whose volume is not a simple product of its dimensions," Epstein told NewsFactor. Where "the volume of a rectangular box is its length times its width times its height, the volume of a snowflake is a fractal," Epstein explained. Fractal dimensions are fractional -- instead of 3-D or 2-D, they might be 1/2-D or 0.8-D.

      I guess Fractals are freaky... they look kinda cool though... :)

    4. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Interesting

      think about it, many solids and all liquids(that i know of) can be measured in the 3d world because of thier structure. water, when it freezes, doesnt make a solid sturcture, it has thousands of tiny(microscopic) air bubbles trapped inside, and thus makes it physicly imposible to measure it in three dimensions(unless you get into some extreamly complex calculus, which i imagine what fractal math is...) you can try to measure an ice cube by its dimensions but you will never get its exact volume(close because the air bubbles are so small and the ice structure is fairly close to solid, but not all the way) snowflakes have larger structures, thus the difference between actual and computed (based on standard geometry)volume has a greater difference. in theory the crystal structure of ice(im using specific cuz its easier for me to understand) has infinite surface area, but logicaly we know that it doesnt, and thus we get the sum of infinite fractions(if i take half the distance, plus half that distance, plus half that ill never reach the total distance but i can know what that distance is...) and fractal geometry is a simple way of figuring out the complex math.

      I didn't think anything could exist in less than one dimension

      in theory a point on a graph has no dimensions, but a series of points make a line that is one dimensional. if two points were in the same spot, they would still be less then one dimensional, but couldnt you also draw a line between them and get one dimensional object?(due to the fact that there are infitite points between any two points)... simply because a point exists in less the one diemension doesnt mean it doesnt exist.

    5. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by f97tosc · · Score: 2

      "Controlling nanoscale magnetic fields that exist in less than one dimension may prove problematic..."

      Am I the only one having problems understanding that article? I'm not a physicist, but I didn't think anything could exist in less than one dimension. Freaky.


      Anything that can be represented as a (or a finite number of) point could be considered to have a dimension of zero.

      But in this case it was something more complicated than a point, it was a fractal object with a dimension greater than 0 but smaller than 1.

      One way to understand this is to imagine that you want to draw the field on a piece of paper. Unfortunately you can't draw a line to represent this field; it has a dimension that is less than 1. Then you might figure that you could plot one or several small dots to represent the field. Well, bad news again. The field has a dimension that is greater than 0, so it would take an infinite number of points to draw the field.

      Tor

    6. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by civilizedINTENSITY · · Score: 4, Informative

      Carbon nanotubes are used to transport single electrons. The wavelength of said electrons are such that the dimensions of the conduit result in what can best be modeled as a one dimensional potential well (as taught in senior-level Intro Quantum classes via ODEs, as a way to avoid the math of 3D potential wells and PDEs). So perhaps it could be said that 1D does exist for very very small, bound objects.

    7. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by kasperd · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Anything that can be represented as a (or a finite number of) point could be considered to have a dimension of zero.

      That is true, but in fact you can even have an infinite number of points and still have a dimension of zero.

      There are different kinds of infinity. The set of integers is what we call a countable infinity, while the set of real numbers is what we call an uncountable infinity. There are even uncountable infinites that are infinitely larger than the real numbers. In fact it is a suprprise once you realize how large infinities can become compared to the quite small infinity of the integers. In fact the inifinity of the integers is the smallest infinity you can find.

      A set of countable infinity has dimension zero, anything with dimention larger than zero is an uncountable infinity same size as the real numbers. Wether the dimension is 0.1 or 3.0 the number of points will be exactly the same. And that is the case for any finite number of dimensions. And AFAIK no fractal can be of higher dimension than the space in which it exists, so we can never create fractals with inifinite dimension.

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    8. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by paganizer · · Score: 2

      Ahh, for a Mod +2 freaking hilarious........

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      Why, yes, I AM a Pagan Libertarian.
    9. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I thought fractal dimensions were between 1 and 2

    10. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No you couldn't draw a line between two points which are the same on a graph, because a line as part of Euclidean geometry requires there to be more than one (different) points for it to be considered a line.

    11. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by popmaker · · Score: 1

      "we can never create fractals with inifinite dimension"

      Really!? Watch me!

      First we define a piece of phase space which has infinite dimensions. Then we create an object with one dimension to live in this phase space. So we get coordinates for a point [x, 0, 0, 0, 0...]. Soon enough, we create another one-dimensional object and let it interact with the first one and represent the system with a point in phase space [x, x1, 0, 0, 0...]. Now, with each iteration we let the objects x and x1 move with some rule which makes them depend on each other AND we add another object which depends on all of those who are already there. Now we represent the system [x, x1, x2, x3 ... xn, 0, 0, 0...] and constantly add an xn and increase n by 1.

      And the whole lot creates an attractor with infinite dimensions in infinite phase space!

    12. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by testpoint · · Score: 1

      As always, the real test is to see if a school without a major football team can reproduce the results.

    13. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Henry+V+.009 · · Score: 3, Informative

      You use the one-dimensional potential well because you don't need to take angular momentum into account (which would require the 3-D Schrodinger equation). Think about modeling a baseball in freshman physics. You could do that in 3 dimensions--but you could also beat yourself over the head with a club because it's so much fun when you stop. You model the baseball in 2 dimensions, because that is mathematically equivalent. That doesn't mean that ballistic motion is 2-dimensional.

      Personally, I think the word dimension should be banned from from all discussions of popular science. But hell, there are enough Ph.D.'s out there that shoot thier mouths off like they are unclear on the concept.

    14. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not a physicist

      No, you're not. You're a gaybo, and you're 14 years old.

    15. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Jace+of+Fuse! · · Score: 1

      You're right.

      Let's get rid of all of the football teams.

      --

      "Everything you know is wrong. (And stupid.)"

      Moderation Totals: Wrong=2, Stupid=3, Total=5.
    16. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by kasperd · · Score: 1

      "we can never create fractals with inifinite dimension" Really!? Watch me!

      You missed the point. You can define an infinitely dimensional fractal in an infinitely dimensional space. But it can never exist in our finite dimensional space. (Let's not start an argument about the actual number of dimensions of our space. We all know there are at least three, and I think nobody believes there are more than ten.)

      --

      Do you care about the security of your wireless mouse?
    17. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      well, they used to lock up as madmen the people who believed that the earth wasn't the center of the universe. I always used to think there were at least 12 dimentions... posibly an infinite number but then I'm crazy, so hey. An no, I don't have any equasions to back me up here. it was just what I thought.

    18. Re:Less than one dimension is problematic... by merlin_jim · · Score: 2

      Fractal dimension is not spatial dimensionality (axes) as normally taught in physics classes.

      Technically, this is known as the Hilbert dimension and is a representation of how complicated and self-referential a particular form is.

      It has to do with boundaries and with derivatives. How folded is a boundary? Let's say you have a 2-d fractal shape of some sort. The outside edge has some non-intuitive length because of its complexity. Imagine an outside edge that is so incredibly complex that by virtue of its complexity, it is somewhere in between being a length and an area. It is so twisty and convoluted that it cannot be described simply by a measurement in centimeters, but centimeters squared is a little too much for it.

      This is a fractional dimension. No real life (matter) objects exhibit fractional dimensions; only hypothetical objects can exhibit them. This is because atoms have sizes and crystal structure, and cannot occupy the same place at the same time, which provides concrete limits on the amount of complexity in an object. Fractional dimensionality can only come from a complexity that is infinite in scope... the object must be convoluted at any scale at which you wish to measure it. Things made of tiny balls aren't like that.

      Note: I may have gotten the name "Hilbert" wrong. It's been 6 years since I had any formal schooling or use for Chaos Theory.

      --
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  5. Great by FS1 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Something else that i don't understand that will change my life forever.

    --
    A Fatal OE Exception has occurred, Sig will now reboot.
    1. Re:Great by CableModemSniper · · Score: 1

      Does anyone else think this is more insightful than funny? No? Oh well.

      --
      Why not fork?
    2. Re:Great by Crusty+Oldman · · Score: 3, Funny
      Something else that i don't understand that will change my life forever.

      Just wait 'till you discover women!

  6. I have a question... by rgoer · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The article, in its initial description of fratal geometry, cited this comparison: where a rectangluar prism has volume of length times width times height , a snowflake has a volume that is fractal in nature. The article went on to say that while the rectangular prism's volume is three-dimensional, the volume of the snowflake, being fractal, was fractionally dimensional (i.e. 1/2d or 0.8d or something, instead of 3d).

    My question: if you were to find a huge snowflake, and melt it down, and measure that water in a graduate, wouldn't you find its volume? And wouldn't that volume be 3d? How does its volume, assuming it remains constant, change from being 1/2d or whatever to 3d? Sorry if I sound ignorant, but fractal mathematics is a little beyond me.

    1. Re:I have a question... by jazir1979 · · Score: 5, Informative

      I'm by no means qualified to answer this, but heck i'm a-gonna do it anyway!

      Yes, the volume of the water would be 3D. The volume changes from 1/2D to 3D because you are changing the geometry of the object! Honestly, I think the answer *is* as simple as that..

      --
      What's your GCNSEQNO?
    2. Re:I have a question... by rgoer · · Score: 1

      So the volume doesn't change quantitatively, just qualitatively? That is, you've got one three-dimensional liter of water versus one fractionally-dimensional liter of water? Ok, I guess that makes sense... in an ooh-my-head-hurts-folding-space kind of way ;^)

    3. Re:I have a question... by f97tosc · · Score: 5, Informative

      The snowflake would have a true 3D volume because it is not perfectly thin; it is a physical approximation of a mathematical concept.

      The analogy of the snowflake refers to the edge of the snowflake. Imagine that you took a thread and tried to put it along the edge of the snowflake. Assuming that the thread was very thin it would take an infinitely long thread to cover the entire edge, because of the way it is folded. Thus the 'edge' can be said to have a dimension higher than 1 (it does not fit into one dimension). Using mathematical techniques one can also demonstrate that the the infinite thread takes zero space in 2D, thus the dimension is somewhere between 1 and 2; it is a fractal.

      Tor

    4. Re:I have a question... by jazir1979 · · Score: 1

      Yeah I guess so. Anybody else?

      I kinda assumed that the mathematical definition of volume is consistent, regardless of the dimensional propreties of the object in question. If not, I think our heads could start hurting even more ;)

      (In fact, I wonder if the whole reason that fractional dimensions are useful is that they allow us to maintain a consistent definition of volume across such geometric transformations??)

      --
      What's your GCNSEQNO?
    5. Re:I have a question... by civilizedINTENSITY · · Score: 3, Informative

      Fractal implies a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry. While there is a finite volume associated with a snowflake, you are right (I think) in attributing the "fractional" dimensionality of the snowflake to its geometry. Obviously the fractal nature is lost as soon as the flake melts. Consider the question: how doe we determine the volume of the snowflake without destroying its fractal nature? That is to say, what linear measurements of length can be used to calculate its volume? Note: weighing the fractal and using density also avoids the question of a geometric calculation of volume and would be cheating.

    6. Re:I have a question... by boomgopher · · Score: 1

      Think of it like this, a line is infinitely-thin, and has length in one dimension. A snowflake's edge is also a line, but so 'crinkled' that it tends to fill space in two dimensions. The dimension D of an object made of N exact copies of itself, each shrunk by a factor of S is: log(N) ------ log(1/s) So, a fractal is an object with a non-integer D I'm tired now, goodnight.

      --
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    7. Re:I have a question... by sirius_bbr · · Score: 1

      Imagine that you took a thread and tried to put it along the edge of the snowflake. Assuming that the thread was very thin it would take an infinitely long thread to cover the entire edge, because of the way it is folded

      Isn't this comparable to the Paradox of Achilles and the turtle? Meaning that the thread does not have to be infinitely long?

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    8. Re:I have a question... by boomgopher · · Score: 3, Informative

      I'm a jackass, forgot it was html formatted.

      The dimension D of an object made of N exact copies of itself, each shrunk by a factor of S is:

      log(N)
      ------
      log(1/S)

      So, a fractal is an object with a non-integer D.

      --
      Your hybrid is not saving the environment. Its purpose is to make you feel good about buying something.
    9. Re:I have a question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      hmmm ... an interesting experiment. However 'graduate' research is getting extremely difficult to fund. Perhaps, if the giant snowflake was made of BEER, you could melt it down and measure it in an undergraduate ...

    10. Re:I have a question... by gilroy · · Score: 3, Informative
      Blockquoth the poster:

      That is, you've got one three-dimensional liter of water versus one fractionally- dimensional liter of water?

      No, the volume is changed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Even with classical geometry, the volume isn't conserved. Melting an ice cube changes its volume. Why shouldn't melting a snowflake? As has been mentioned, the alteration of the configuration does indeed affect volume.
    11. Re:I have a question... by civilizedINTENSITY · · Score: 2

      I agree that the snowflake analogy breaks down. I think I'd paraphrase your statement that its about how we'd have to sum the edges to generate the surface. But doesn't the analogy breakdown because the pattern can't truelly repeat scaling down forever? That is, there will have to come a level at which the resolution of the molecules destroy the ever repeating pattern, like grain in a photograph. I didn't think fractals required a 2D object.

    12. Re:I have a question... by f97tosc · · Score: 5, Informative

      Imagine that you took a thread and tried to put it along the edge of the snowflake. Assuming that the thread was very thin it would take an infinitely long thread to cover the entire edge, because of the way it is folded

      Isn't this comparable to the Paradox of Achilles and the turtle [openetwork.com]? Meaning that the thread does not have to be infinitely long?
      Well this is a valid but unfortunately rather complicated discussion. When you add an infinite number of objects with size zero (or approaching zero), the sum can turn out to be finite or infinite depending on exactly in what way the objects approach zero size (and sometimes, if I remember correctly, it even depends on the order in which you add them).

      In the case of this 'paradox', you add an infinite number of objects (stretches of time) that approach zero so quickly that the total is actually finite. This is what some of the Greek thinkers did not realize.

      For fractals, on the other hand, when you add the infinite number of small (approaching zero size) objects they end up taking infinite amount of space. This is a necessary condition; if you add them all and the total is finite then it is not a fractal.

      Tor

    13. Re:I have a question... by f97tosc · · Score: 4, Informative

      But doesn't the analogy breakdown because the pattern can't truelly repeat scaling down forever? That is, there will have to come a level at which the resolution of the molecules destroy the ever repeating pattern, like grain in a photograph

      Yes, this is true for all fractals with a physical manifestation. There is always some lower and upper scale where the fractal properties break down. The lower scale is often, as you suggest, on an atomic level.

      A mathematical fractal is an abstraction that has infinite resolution. Such abstractions can be useful to study the properties of physical fractals, even though we know that these are only approximations.

      Tor

    14. Re:I have a question... by jericho4.0 · · Score: 3, Informative
      IANAP, but here goes;
      Everthing you can see or interact with, from snowflakes to magnetic fields, exists in a 3d universe. Such things as electrons, quarks, superstrings etc might not, but I've never seen one.

      The snowflake exibits a fractal dimension over a wide range of scales. If you took a microscope you could magnify it many times over and keep finding the same level of detail being revealed. So we say it has a fractal dimension. Without knowing the fractalness of a paticular snowflake, the dimensions of the snowflake wouldn't be enough to tell you how much water was in it with much accuracy.

      A coastline has the same property on a human scale. As the size of your measuring stick decreses, the length of the coastline increases.

      --
      "A language that doesn't affect the way you think about programming, is not worth knowing" - Alan Perlis
    15. Re:I have a question... by bedessen · · Score: 3, Informative

      A 2D object's area (or "volume" if you will, since there are only two dimensions) changes as x^2 as you scale the object. A 3D object's volume changes as x^3 as you scale the object. An object with fractal dimension has a volume that scales as some non-integer power as you scale the object.

      (additional story link where Epstein confirms this)

    16. Re:I have a question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So are there any practical uses for putting infinitely thin threads around the edges of snowflakes?

      Or is it just someone's mad hobby?

    17. Re:I have a question... by kasperd · · Score: 2

      Fractal implies a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry.

      And this is exactly where the snowflake breaks down. You might find the same patterns in a snowflake at many different scales, but when you go to smaller and smaller scales, eventually you will reach the molocular scale at which the pattern changes.

      A snowflake is not a perfect fractal. If we could really create fractal physical objects, I have ideas for applications in computers. You wouldn't imagine the processing power of a fractal CPU.

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    18. Re:I have a question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you melt the snowflake, it'll still have fractal volume. You need to "melt" the water-molecules too, to find the _real_ volume... Out of what we know about microcosmos, the universe is 0.00000000000000000000...1-D in it's nature.. :-)

      Just because you have a solution to find a gross kind of volume, doesn't mean you know the real volume.. In reality, we don't exist. The world is an illusion. There isn't anything "solid" out there..

    19. Re:I have a question... by Enocasiones · · Score: 1
      But eventually you'll reach the limits of physical matter: atoms, neutrons, protons, electrons, quarks; or the limits of whatever you're using to represent the fractal ... What does it happen when you reach that limit? Can't you say a fractal is limited by a tiny epsilon? (epsilon being the minimum measure you can take)

      I thought a fractal's characteristic property was its self-repeating structure through scale changes. The scale changes should be theoretically unlimited, but practically you do have a limit.

      --
      Enoc
    20. Re:I have a question... by pediddle · · Score: 1

      I don't see what the fact that water expands when frozen has to do with the question. What if the snowflake were made out of some compound that neither expanded nor contracted when melted? Would that change the answer? I don't think it should.

    21. Re:I have a question... by Daniel_Staal · · Score: 1

      Note: weighing the fractal and using density also avoids the question of a geometric calculation of volume and would be cheating.

      And you would have to answer the question of whether or not you have the density right, since you can't verify it...

      --
      'Sensible' is a curse word.
    22. Re:I have a question... by iq+in+binary · · Score: 1

      You have a very valid point.

      While it may be fractal in nature, you can ultimately find volume via measuring it's displacement.

      Problem is, most methods of measuring the displacement value of a snowflake are very....destructive.

      The problem is not finding volume or mass, but finding said values without destroying the object ;)

      --
      Of all the Universal Constants, here's one I know: Nice guys finish last ;)
    23. Re:I have a question... by gilroy · · Score: 2
      Blockquoth the poster:

      What if the snowflake were made out of some compound that neither expanded nor contracted when melted?

      Firstly, there can be no such material. But leaving that aside: The original post asked how a snowflake could have a fractal volume, if when melted the resulting water has a good old 3D volume. I was merely pointing out that deducing anything about the snowflake's volume from the behavior of a different phase is invalid. It's like proving that the volume of a sphere can't be (4pi)/3 r^3, because if I take an iceball of radius r and melt it in a cylindrical container, the volume turns out to be pi r^2 h. The two facts are independently true but have no necessary relation.
    24. Re:I have a question... by popmaker · · Score: 1

      Fractals can be said to be infinite just the way as pi is infinite. While pi has infinite digits, it never goes beyond - say - 3.15. But all of pi isn't just a finite number.

      A true fractal is just a mathematical definition, like pi. You add a little to it, less and less every time, you don't reduce the time as you do it. So a true fractal CAN be said to be infinite, but never exceeds a certain boundary.

      But, anyway, infinity is not the interesting point about fractals, but the scale invariance. That is, it remains the same no matter how close you are. Or, in the case of non-strict fractals, has the same degree of roughness, no matter which scale you use. Of course, no natural ocject is a true fractal, instead they can be said to hold for a certain number of magnitudes. If an object is a fractal over just two magnitudes, defining it as fractal really doesn't help much. But objects that remain self-similar over, say, eight magnitudes clearly show a fractal nature, and fractal geometry can help us understand them.

      and, of course, no natural object is really infinite.

    25. Re:I have a question... by Platypii · · Score: 1

      You're correct in everything except your very last statement.... a fractal does not have to have infinite length, and in fact there are tons of fractals with finite length... infinite length is not a necessary criteria for having a fractal dimension.

    26. Re:I have a question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sadly, it's an analogy.. all analogies, if worked and examined, will no longer give the valid comparison that caused them to be used, otherwise it wouldn't be an analogy, it'd be a definition.

      to say someone runs like a cheetah works until you realize the cheetah uses 4 legs.

    27. Re:I have a question... by nkv · · Score: 1

      I kinda assumed that the mathematical definition of volume is consistent, regardless of the dimensional propreties of the object in question. If not, I think our heads could start hurting even more ;)


      I'm not an expert on this and I don't know if I'm digressing. This is just a thought.
      The limit of the volume as the number of sides tend to infinity perhaps approaches the volume you'd get if you melt the whole thing down.
      It looks like that for fractals with a dimension less than 2. If the volume can be thought of analogus to area in this case then it should be so. I'm writing a small program to draw such fractals ( PFractL ). and it seems like that to me. If I'm wrong, do let me know.
    28. Re:I have a question... by ryanvm · · Score: 2

      You are correct.

      As a practical matter the snowflake does have a 3D volume. It does not exhibit true fractal geometry in that it doesn't fold upon itself infinitely. Nothing can (or at least certainly not a snowflake).

      Posters below saying that melting it ruins it's infinite fractal geometry are just being silly. The snowflake ALWAYS has a 3D volume (and geometry), we just don't have a good way of measuring it's proportions so it seems fractal. It's not.

      Occam's razor, folks.

    29. Re:I have a question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "True" fractals are only mathematical constructs. If you keep magnifying a snowflake, eventually you'll see that its fractal nature breaks down.

      Of course, I'm not sure this matters... If you take a square of known area, you can create a fractal (say, by rotating smaller squares centered on each of its edges, and repeating with each smaller edge) of equal area.

      I think the usual starting point to describe this is with Cantor dust, start with a line and remove the center third, then repeat with the two remaining segments.

      Thus:
      AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAA
      AAAAAAAAA _________ AAAAAAAAA
      AAA___AAA _________ AAA___AAA
      A_A___A_A _________ A_A___A_A
      (take that /. junk filter!)

      As you go, the removed part is 1/3 + 2/9 + 4/27 + ... = sum(2^(n-1)/3^n) = 1. The remaining shape has no length, even if you stuff the infinite remains together, but it's more than just a point. So it's given a fractal dimension somewhere between 0 and 1.

    30. Re:I have a question... by Com2Kid · · Score: 2
      • But eventually you'll reach the limits of physical matter: atoms, neutrons, protons, electrons, quarks; or the limits of whatever you're using to represent the fractal ... What does it happen when you reach that limit?


      Well then you say screw it, your mathmatical model just hit real world limits.

      As a posted above stated, snowflakes are not *perfect* fractals. Perfect fractals do not exist in nature for exactly the reasons you stated.

      Then again for those very same reasons, perfect spherse, squares, triangles, or perfect versions of any other mathmatical construct also do not exist.

      It is math, it has limits. :) But it IS a useful analogy, and fractals ARE darn cool and really pretty looking to boot. They actualy aren't all /that/ hard to get down once you read up on them enough. :)

      (I had my intro to them a few years back in some other /. story. Hehe. ^_^)

      The typical example used to explain fractals is that of a coast line.

      Think of drawing a costal outline. Now think of adding more detail do it, the big rocks. Then the bumpss on the big rocks. Then the moss growing on the bumpss on those big rocks. Then the little hairy things on the moss growing on the bumpss of those big rocks. Then the bacteria living on the hairy things on the moss on the bumpss on those big rocks.

      The point here is that you can keep on zooming in until you hit the real world limits of our universe, but it just so happens that modeling a fractal and treating certian intervals of that graph as your "coastal line" is a far easier way to go about and do it.

      Now part of the definition of a fractal is that you can keep on zooming in forever and getting more and more detail. Obviously for the real world this will not work out, but within certian intervals the fractal is a pretty darn good approximation of reality. Just like almost any other graph or mathmatical construct, it has its constraints, but within those constraints, it is darn useful.
    31. Re:I have a question... by Webmonger · · Score: 2

      Better thought question: what's the volume that you get if you melt the snowflake and freeze it into a cube?

    32. Re:I have a question... by sjames · · Score: 2

      limited by a tiny epsilon? (epsilon being the minimum measure you can take)

      In the real world, there is an epsilon. It may be the size of a molecule,atom, pixel, or even a quantum of space/time itself.

      In mathematics, epsilon is 0 unless it is applied mathematics.

    33. Re:I have a question... by Ignominious+Cow+Herd · · Score: 1

      Another way to measure the snowflake's volume would be to place it in a fluid that you're sure will penetrate all the nooks and crannies and measure the displacement. No phase change to worry about. Only that the fluid fills all the holes. Fractal describes the shape of the object. If you submerge the object in something that has high surface tension then you won't get the true volume. The fluid won't fill all the holes. Measure the circumference of an island with a yardstick (meterstick?) Then do it again with something smaller (inchstick?). The 2nd measurement is likely to be higher because you got into more corners with the smaller tool.

      --
      Lump lingered last in line for brains, and the ones she got were sorta rotten and insane.
    34. Re:I have a question... by Ignominious+Cow+Herd · · Score: 1

      Nothing physical can be truely fractal. But let's call physical things that appear to be fractalish, or fractallike, fractal if only so that people won't start using those particular non-words.

      --
      Lump lingered last in line for brains, and the ones she got were sorta rotten and insane.
    35. Re:I have a question... by Hentai · · Score: 2

      That sounds really confusing. Let me see if I can make it simpler.

      A snowflake *IS* a three dimensional object, and therefore has a set three-dimensional volume, which can easily be determined by melting said snowflake. The snowflake itself isn't a fractal.

      Likewise, an ice cube is a three-dimensional object, and therefore has a set three-dimensional volume, which can easily be determined by side^3. The ^3 means it's a measurement of dimension three.

      Now. The snowflake has a surface area, right? This is a two-dimensional value. Each of its tiny little facets has a two-dimensional area, and by summing up all that area, you can determine exactly the total 'surface area' of the snowflake. This would take forever, considering our snowflake has an infinite number of surfaces, but we won't worry about that for now.

      The ice cube, likewise, has a two-dimensional surface area - which we can very quickly compute by taking side^2, and multiplying by 6 (since a cube has 6 sides). The ^2 means it's of dimension two.

      Now, comes the fun part. A cube has eight edges, each of equal length. Thus, 8 * side^1 equals the total length of all edges in the square. This is of dimension one (see the ^1?)

      The snowflake also has edges. It has an infinite number of them, in fact, all of zero length. But something weird happens if you try to measure the length - it just never stops. It gets so twisty and curvy, that its edge length is infinite. This implies that at least ONE edge is fractal.

      See, there's different types of solids... a sphere is the most... I'll use the term 'economical', because it has the least amount of surface area compared to volume. A cube is less economical, in this sense, because it uses more surface area to contain its volume. An incredibly thin string is even less economical, using even more volume. But all of these are still three-dimensional objects. Except that, with the string, you can eventually get a string so small that its volume and length are the same - its third dimension, its thickness, has just shrunk to 0.

      This might be a hard concept to swallow, but imagine that this is a single point:

      .

      That is, even though I know it takes up a certain number of pixels on your screen, pretend it has no width, no height, no nothing. Now, there's an infinite number of points, exactly like that one, in this dash:

      -

      Bear with me, and pretend that that line segment has a thickness of exactly one point. Now, we'll call the number of points 'one zillion'. Thus, we now have a system of measurement. This would contain 'two zillion' points:

      --

      Now. Take one of those 'zillions' and make a square (again, bear with me, ASCII isn't the best drawing medium - pretend it's connected, and solid all the way through):

      []

      Now, just like that line was made of a zillion points, all lined up next to each other, this square is made up of one zillion lines, all stacked up on top of each other. Thus, it contains one zillion lines, which each contain one zillion points. It has a perimeter, which is all the points that aren't completely surrounded on all four sides (left, right, up, down) - obviously, there's the one line on the very top, and the one line on the very bottom, so that's two zillion - plus a single point on the left and right of all the zillion other lines, which makes four zillion. Thus, the area of the square is 'one zillion squared', or one square zillion - while its perimeter is four zillions.

      Now, take that square, and stack it out (towards you) a zillion times - you now have a cube. It's got one zillion CUBED points, and its 'surface area' - i.e., the measure of all the points not completely surrounded in all six directions (up, down, left, right, fore, back) - is pretty easy to figure out, since the first and last squares are both exposed, and there's a zillion edges on each of the other four sides - and we already know that a zillion edges each a zillion points wide make a one-zillion-square square.

      Now, fractals are strange creatures, in that, while they obviously exist within one set of dimensionality (for example, a two-dimensional Koch snowflake clearly resides on a page, and therefore is a two dimensional object), their 'edges' are infinite in the next dimension down. I.e., the snowflake has a definitely measurable area (dimension two), but its PERIMETER isn't of dimension one! It's just got too many points exposed. So that implies that that edge, with all its twists and turns, is 'fractal'. Say we measure it out, and it turns out that it's got 3.6 zillion^1.6 points - that implies that that weird curve has a dimensionality of 1.6.

      Make sense?

      Now... what'll really cook your noodle: go back up through that whole 'zillion' bit, and replace the word 'zillion' with 'inch' or 'centimeter'.

      Now do you understand, fundamentally, what we mean by 'distance', and what we mean when we say 'the number line is infinite'?

      --
      -Hentai [in vita non pacem est]
    36. Re:I have a question... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Melting the snowflake would be a physical equivalent to performing an integration (as in calculus 102) on it's area formula.

      The main reason why fractal solids are said to have fractional dimensions is because their shape is self-similar down to the molecular level, and we have no way to currently measure dimensions that accuratly.

    37. Re:I have a question... by jafuser · · Score: 2
      While pi has infinite digits, it never goes beyond - say - 3.15. Do you live in Indiana by any chance? =)

      (I can't say much, I'm from there myself) =P

      --
      Please consider making an automatic monthly recurring donation to the EFF
  7. Interesting by acehole · · Score: 3, Funny

    I guess the applications for this are pretty big...

    I mean you could have a harddrive that not only gets corrupt when you leave it in the sun (as you do..) but it can melt too.

    --
    Be you Admins? nay, we are but lusers!
  8. Too cold for practical applications... by Corrupt+System · · Score: 1

    The plastic ultimately stabilized in 1.6 dimensions at a temperature of minus 269 degrees Celsius (minus 452 degrees Fahrenheit).

    What kind of uses exist for superconductors at these temperatures? This seems like an overoptimistic article about a non-technology.

    --
    The solution that has worked best for me...is to avoid public discussion. -- CmdrTaco
    1. Re:Too cold for practical applications... by hdparm · · Score: 3, Funny
      What kind of uses exist for superconductors at these temperatures?

      I don't know but if it's meant to be used for storing information in some kind of computer, that one for sure won't be using AMD processors.

    2. Re:Too cold for practical applications... by civilizedINTENSITY · · Score: 2

      I read "stabilize" to mean that the apparent dimensionality quiet increasing at that low a temperature. It started at .8, and went to 1.6 @ 269 C, but what temperature did it start at? Would it be enough to keep the temperature controlled in a more "comfortable" zone?

  9. Yet Again.. by Metallic+Matty · · Score: 2, Funny

    Plastics make it possible =)

  10. Plastic storage? by SHEENmaster · · Score: 1

    as fragile as a dvd, as corruptable as a floppy disk, and as portable as a hard disk? Honestly, why would I want to use this? Will I be able to afford its super-high density? Hard disks haven't evolved in more than a decade for a reason!

    --
    You can't judge a book by the way it wears its hair.
    1. Re:Plastic storage? by jazir1979 · · Score: 1

      Many new technologies start as being too difficult to be practical, or to push out on a large scale -- and of course many technologies never get off the ground because the difficulties can't be overcome.

      But that is no reason to stop researching stuff..! Even if it seems impractical at first, you really never do know..

      --
      What's your GCNSEQNO?
  11. Temperature Issues by limekiller4 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    From the article
    The plastic ultimately stabilized in 1.6 dimensions at a temperature of minus 269 degrees Celsius (minus 452 degrees Fahrenheit).

    It would be nice if someone came up with a chart that plotted the correlation between the temperature necessary in the lab and the temperature necessary to bring the item to market for a significant number of products. Because I'm willing to bet that -249 C is pretty close to the Don't Hold Your Breath mark.

    --
    My .02,
    Limekiller
    1. Re:Temperature Issues by n0nsensical · · Score: 1

      It would be nice if someone came up with a chart that plotted the correlation between the temperature necessary in the lab and the temperature necessary to bring the item to market for a significant number of products. Because I'm willing to bet that -249 C is pretty close to the Don't Hold Your Breath mark.

      Well obviously this version isn't practical for commercial applications, but the idea is the technology could be developed to that point in the future. The cathode ray tube needed to be developed before we could have television...

    2. Re:Temperature Issues by limekiller4 · · Score: 2
      n0nsensical writes:
      "Well obviously this version isn't practical for commercial applications, but the idea is the technology could be developed to that point in the future. The cathode ray tube needed to be developed before we could have television..."

      I'm only semi-bitching because of comments like this in the article:

      "...that could reinvent smart card technology and yield a dazzling new array of high-tech gadgets."

      ...to why my suggestion would be to append "...not anytime in the near future, you can expect to see this around the same time as flying cars." If they can't tell me when, maybe they could just hazard a guess as to when not.

      You might argue that it is impossible to calculate such things but they're already going out on a bigger limb by assuming this can be brought to a consumer market (read; stabilized at room temperature) in the first place.

      But I do see your point.

      --
      My .02,
      Limekiller
    3. Re:Temperature Issues by n0nsensical · · Score: 1

      ...to why my suggestion would be to append "...not anytime in the near future, you can expect to see this around the same time as flying cars." If they can't tell me when, maybe they could just hazard a guess as to when not.

      Yeah, I certainly wouldn't bet on ever seeing it in actual use, but that's more than can be said for a lot of university research. ;-)

  12. Getting away from magnetic storage... by silvaran · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I'd like to get away from magnetic storage as a temporary removable storage device... The last time the floor waxer zamboni zipped past my locker I lost my college programming project... not to mention the number of VHS tapes that are useless now... am I alone in this?

    1. Re:Getting away from magnetic storage... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You have lockers at your college? Wierd.

    2. Re:Getting away from magnetic storage... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are lockers at my college too...

    3. Re:Getting away from magnetic storage... by pVoid · · Score: 2
      Two things:

      your lockers were probably not electrically grounded (if they were, then they would have been perfectly shielded by creating a Fermi Cage was it? - anyways).

      Mini discs are magneto optical: a laser melts the substance in which magnets are bathing, and only then can you modify their state.

      Magnetic is in dude. You just need proper care, that's all.

    4. Re:Getting away from magnetic storage... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Wierd." ?

      They don't teach english at your college?

      But seriously, our college also has lockers.

    5. Re:Getting away from magnetic storage... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That would be a faraday cage.

    6. Re:Getting away from magnetic storage... by geschild · · Score: 1

      Two words:

      DVD-R/W
      USB-thumb-stick

      Now quit whining and shell out some money.

      --
      Karma? What's that again?
  13. Help? by limekiller4 · · Score: 5, Funny

    From the article:
    The plastic ultimately stabilized in 1.6 dimensions at a temperature of minus 269 degrees Celsius (minus 452 degrees Fahrenheit).

    I'd be happy if my girlfriend would stabilize in three dimensions at room temperature.

    How long do you think it'll take for them to figure that one out?

    --
    My .02,
    Limekiller
    1. Re:Help? by ContemporaryInsanity · · Score: 1

      Me too (my girlfriend, not yours).

      I think I may finally have a use for that old chest freezer in the garage 8o)

    2. Re:Help? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah, the Old Jokes, they can't be beaten, eh? And the mention of fantasy girlfriends just makes both these posters so much sadder

    3. Re:Help? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      I'd be happy if my girlfriend would stabilize in three dimensions

      Maybe you shouldn't tell the world that you think of her as a mattress on your bed!? :-)

      (Or -- already done; there are silicon operations to improve lack-of-3d-size! :-)

      --
      I hope mods to anonymous posts don't influence my karma?!

    4. Re:Help? by StikyPad · · Score: 2

      I'd be happy if my girlfriend would stabilize in three dimensions at room temperature.

      I've done a bit of research on this, but haven't been able to find a temperature which will cause pixels to stabilize as a three dimensional girlfriend. Please let me know if you have any success.

  14. Plastics, Fractal Magnetics & Optics.. by jamesjw · · Score: 4, Interesting


    It raises an interesting possibility - with a new way of forming high density magnetic fields I wonder if we'll see a return to Megneto Optical media or weather the two will stay seperate..

    It'd certainly be interesting to get more storage out of yer cd sized media if you could use the plastics as a storage medium as well as the optical layer..

    Maybe its a crazy idea..

    Somebody will probably take this idea and ger rich off it none the less :)

    --
    -- If at first you don't succeed, lie!
    1. Re:Plastics, Fractal Magnetics & Optics.. by civilizedINTENSITY · · Score: 5, Informative
      "It'd certainly be interesting to get more storage out of yer cd sized media..."

      Checkout the link in the previous story The Top Ten Physics Highlights of 2002, Highlight #7,Magnets open the gate to nanoscale logic , to see how nano-sized mangetic structures could be used. The hard part is going to be interfacing to this structures. These structures are *small*.
      the ferromagnetic NOT gate is a "completely new class of device" that could be made even smaller. The researchers have also created a 13-bit shift register by linking the devices together, and believe it should be possible to make a full set of logic gates using their technique
      Note: this is digital logic without transistors, but with nanoscale ferromagnetic wire.
  15. Re:Wow! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    that'll be Here then...

  16. Re:FP? by civilizedINTENSITY · · Score: 3, Informative
    Do they even need to get a current flow to generate their magnetism?

    From the pdf link:
    "The essential component of any magnetic material is the presence of an unpaired electron or more precisely, the spin associated with an unpaired electron. These spins, depicted in this article as arrows (a or b), and how they interact with each other determine the magnetic behavior of all magnets. Magnets are materials in which these spins are ordered."
    Perhaps its all about the ordering (which could be due to the geometry of the molecular structure).

    Note: the pdf file also states (towards the end):
    "It is important to emphasize that magnetic ordering is not a property of an isolated molecule; it is a cooperative solid-state (bulk) materials property. Thus, to achieve bulk magnetic behavior for a molecular system, intermolecular interactions must be present in at least two, and preferably three, directions.
    Its interesting that where we are looking at is (I think, perhaps) a non-bulk form of magnetism, and the statement is perhaps overstating a requirement.
  17. Google cache by infolib · · Score: 2

    Of the pdf file

    (In typical google-htmlized pdf style)

    --
    Any sufficiently advanced libertarian utopia is indistinguishable from government.
    1. Re:Google cache by Boss,+Pointy+Haired · · Score: 2

      you

      mean

      in

      typical

      google-htmlized

      style

      ?

  18. News, huh ? by matthieu.boyer · · Score: 1

    I think science would be a more relevant topic for this one. Interesting, tho.

    --
    - Matthieu
  19. pdf date in footnote by demmer · · Score: 1

    is november 2000... kinda old...?

  20. Easy intro to fractal dimension by infolib · · Score: 4, Informative

    Is here

    Among other results it is shown that Great Britain's coastline has a fractal dimension of 1.24, while that of South Africa is very nearly 1.

    --
    Any sufficiently advanced libertarian utopia is indistinguishable from government.
  21. A fractal harddrive? by happyhippy · · Score: 3, Interesting
    So doesnt that mean instead of just a single bit being corrupted affecting the one bit, in the fractal drive that bit could affect the rest of the drive?

    Doesnt this therefore introduce the need for a (quantum like) million bits error correction per one bit problem?

  22. Well that clears it up... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    about as clear as mud.

  23. In Soviet Russia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The needles of the cactus sprout like magnet field lines!

    Thank you.. thank you very much.

  24. So upsetting.... by morganjharvey · · Score: 4, Funny

    I'm so used to coming home from the bars and getting very basic "here's an update to this" or "here's a new apache module" from slashdot.

    But when I come home at 5 in the morning, not quite so sober, and you're talking about half dimensions? That's just not nice.... What the hell am I supposed to wrap my brain around? If it's only half dimensional, does that mean I only have to wrap just my left lobe around it? I'm sooooooo lost.... :)

  25. Poor physics majors by 0x0d0a · · Score: 4, Funny

    They had enough fun with plain ol' obloidish magnetic field calculations. Can you imagine the math once we start throwing in fractals?

    1. Re:Poor physics majors by popmaker · · Score: 1

      Actually, it should get a bit easier. Instead of doing a whole lot of complicated euclidian mathematics, which, by the way, never gives more than an estimate, and maybe iterating a VERY complex algorithm to get a closer approximation, you just get the fractal dimension, and the rest comes for free!

      Just imagine calculating the space of a snowflake. You begin with dividing the while lot into squares, triangles, circles, etc, calculate each one, and add together, or MELT IT and thereby destroying it. Or you could find the fractal dimension, which, by the way, tels you a WHOLE LOT more than it's mere volume and accept that its volume is infinite (it really isn't, but who's bothering to find THAT out, anyway?).

    2. Re:Poor physics majors by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ya know, your username has the wrong byte order.

    3. Re:Poor physics majors by 0x0d0a · · Score: 2

      Ya know, your username has the wrong byte order.

      Uh...okay, it's a profoundly ironic statement about the lack of standards in the world -- three EOL sequences, two byte orderings.

      Good call. :-)

    4. Re:Poor physics majors by 0x0d0a · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Sorta. The volume's easier, but I was thinking of what happens if you're trying to figure out how two fields are interacting...

  26. Scandinavian Coast? by BattleWolf · · Score: 1

    There is nothing in the article that I could see but I wonder what the coastline of a scandinavian country like Norway would be compared to Great Britain? All those Fjords...

    1. Re:Scandinavian Coast? by infolib · · Score: 3, Informative

      Norway: Fractal dimension 1.52 (here and here, apparently from Feder.)
      Google is your friend

      I suspect the swedish coast has nearly as high a dimension, with Denmark a bit lower.

      --
      Any sufficiently advanced libertarian utopia is indistinguishable from government.
  27. OMG by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Funny

    Imagine a Beowold cluster of these!

  28. Ohio State Buckeyes Rule! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Fiesta bowl ownership and magnets.

  29. How do you measure 1.6 dimensions? by MickLinux · · Score: 2

    Just a question from a guy who appreciates fractals for their artistry -- and can program a mandelbrot set -- but really doesn't understand the math.

    How, exactly, do you calculate that something has 1.6 dimensions? Or is this something you measure?

    I actually can visualize 2.9976 dimensions: just use as your spatial grid an interaction of very reactive particles that require 3 charges, and much less reactive particles that require 2 charges --

    but I don't see how you'd calculate or measure this kind of thing in real life.

    --
    Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
    1. Re:How do you measure 1.6 dimensions? by popmaker · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You find out how the thing works, or evolves. Take a snowflake. You see how it comes to be, you begin with an ice particle, others start hitting it, sticking with it and form a crystal. This is obviously a process which we can set up mathematically. Like, for each iteration, this happens and that adds to the whole snowflake. By using mathematical rules we now use our knowledge of how a snowflake evolves to find its fractal dimension.

      Now, fractals are said to be infinite, that is, they have infinite volume, and a self-similarity on all scales. Natural phenomena does, however, not. So no natural object is a TRUE fractal. But obviously, a snowflake IS self-similar, and it remains self-similar over a number of scales. To be a TRUE fractal it would have to be self-similar infinitely.

      But anyhow, if a object is irregular, and behaves like a fractal, finding it's fractal dimension (or finding the dimension of the mathematical object representing it) is actually quite useful.

      Just think of a fractal as a result of an iterated process. Trees grow leaves. Snowflakes grow, clouds grow, lightnings twist and turn, coastlines get beaten by oceans, etc. The idea of a fractal gives an insight into how such objects come to look like they do.

      and check out my fractal program! :-) fractical

    2. Re:How do you measure 1.6 dimensions? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the old Pentium chip with FP bug comes to rescue...

    3. Re:How do you measure 1.6 dimensions? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://visearth.ucsd.edu/VisE_teach/SpaceMath/Frac Dimension.html

    4. Re:How do you measure 1.6 dimensions? by MickLinux · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Okay, here's an interesting project for you:

      (1) Start with the Mandelbrot Set or the Julia Set, calculated to a resolution p (say, granularity of 0.0001.

      (2) Calculate the curvature (curve-centered curvature, not x-axis-centered curvature) as a function of position along the line, down to a resolution of 2p.

      (3) Take the fast-fourier transform of this data

      (4) Use the FFT data to see if you can predict the FFT for lower levels.

      My guess is that it won't be predictable -- but I don't know. It might be.

      BTW... :

      Snowflakes almost definitely aren't fractal. Rather, their development is probably going to be controlled by the semiconducting nature of the outer layer of ice as it freezes, and charges separating as widely as they can.

      Nor are trees fractal. They have their rules, but those rules aren't within the definition of what fractal. Rather, fractals can help one generate convincing images of trees, but the similarity stops there.

      --
      Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
    5. Re:How do you measure 1.6 dimensions? by popmaker · · Score: 1

      The mandelbrot isn't strictly self-similar, which was a bit of a problem when it was devised - it didn't fit the current definition of a fractal. I think I can agree with you that it isn't predictable. However, it is self-similar, not completely, but still. The similarity can also be found in the degree og roughness of the set, which is the same on all scales.

      Snowflakes are considered fractals because they do have the same degree of roughness over quite a few levels of magnitude. And they certainly aren't simple euclidian forms.

      And of course the question is still being asked weather this really works. I mean, if we can use these simple rules to generate images that look like the original, could it be that the original came to be as it is with similar rules?

      Fractals aren't measured just like that, and they are still on a very theoretical level. But they have already helped understanding a lot of stuff.

  30. I don't know if this is needed... by miketang16 · · Score: 1

    But , here's a alternate pdf location.

    --
    -------
    "In times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act."
    -- George Orwell
  31. Nah it's Fine by Greyfox · · Score: 2

    I predict that it'll do wonders for the liquid nitrogen cooled wallet market.

    --

    I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

  32. Interesting terminology... by pVoid · · Score: 1
    I find it interesting that physicists use this term, which I personally only learned in Comp Sci...

    This leads to history dependent M(H) magnetic behavior (hysteresis)

    That is: Stateful.

  33. Maxwell by MarkusQ · · Score: 3, Funny

    Whereas a simple bar magnet produces magnetic fields that go from the north pole to the south pole, the fields of the new hybrid plastic sprout like branches of a cactus lined with secondary fields that resemble needles

    Shouldn't the headline have been "Maxwell's equations disproven!" or something else more fitting for such a revolutionary discovery?

    Unless of course Maxwell's equations still stand, in which case the headline should have been something like "Hype replaces progress in science; film at 11:00"

    -- MarkusQ

    1. Re:Maxwell by Orne · · Score: 2

      I don't believe this is a case of mono-poles; a field produced must still sink back into the object. A "traditional" bar magnet is a 3-dimensional cylender with a field emitter at one end and a sink at the other, while this substance has a non-uniform shape to it's magnetic field.

      What they've done is discovered a magnetic material that, when cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, will re-organized its structure into a fractal pattern. Additionally, the (repeating) fractal nature creates tiny stable field "pockets" in organized patterns accross the material, at predictable locations once the pattern of the fractal is known.

      It seems to me that what they're hoping is that they can exploit the pockets to hold a voltage charge, so that they can convert this material into a data storage device. The material would have a incredible number of stable pockets at extremely small spacing (thanks to the nature of fractals), which would make for more dense storage of information, leading to even more miniturization of electronics.

  34. Storing Data? by KingTank · · Score: 1

    I don't see how this could be used to store data. The article doesn't really describe this. I thought the structure of a fractal was sort of "predetermined" by only a few variables. Like the Mandelbrot set, for example. I suppose you could fiddle with those variables until you got a magnetic field that just "happens" to fit all your stored data, but that seems awfully inefficient. I guess I just don't understand.

  35. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 2

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  36. depending on weight... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    people have been using a magnetic field and charging it with positively charged ion's to make a magnetic shield against alpha/gamma radiation. Now, the implications of being able to use super light plastic magnets in a space enviroment sound very intriging...

    "shields up"...

  37. Fractal dimension... by wirelessbuzzers · · Score: 5, Informative

    If the disjoint union of n disjoint copies of a fractal F makes a similar (in the geometric sense) one k times as big, then the fractal dimension of F is (log n)/(log k) = log base k of n.

    This makes the fractal dimension of a square 2 because it takes four of them to make a square twice as big and log 4 / log 2 = 2. The fractal dimension of the Sierpinski Gasket is log 3 / log 2 because you can assemble 3 copies of it to get one twice as big.

    The dimension of the Cantor set (that's the one where you start with the unit interval and remove the middle third of every line, or equivalently the numbers between 0 and 1, inclusive, whose base-3 expansion contains no 1s) is log 2 / log 3 which is less than 1.

    The dimension of the rational points in a square is still 2, even though it has fewer points than the Cantor set. So, fractal dimensions are "freaky."

    --
    I hereby place the above post in the public domain.
  38. Same for squares and cubes by A+nonymous+Coward · · Score: 2

    A square may have sides of 1 cm but if you were to try to actually measure the perimeter with that thread, you would have bumps around the atoms and molecules, which not only would make it hard to define exactly where the boundary is, but they also vibrate, meaning you could only measure a static square at absolute zero.

  39. More Nonsense ... check your definitions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    According to my dictionary of Mathematics, a fractal is "a set with non-integral Hausdorff Dimension." The key word here is SET. These magnetic fields are not a mathematical set. In fact, magnetic fields are three-dimensional (check Maxwell's equations.) This is another typical case where the physicists don't know their maths.

  40. Hard disks haven't evolved in more than a decade? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wow...

    right.

  41. Biological Fractals by Dollyknot · · Score: 3, Informative

    I first learned about chaos theory, from James Gleick's excellent book 'Chaos' about ten years ago. I've been hooked ever since.

    The thing that stuck in my head was Fiegenbaum's number 4.669, which BTW is irrational. This ratio is everywhere and most profound of all, is visible in the architecture of our bodies. The main artery from the heart called the Aorta, is like the trunk of a tree, point being is, if you measure the distance between the heart and the first bifurcation, divide that distance by 4.669, it gives you the statistical length of the two branches from the first bifurcation. Now here is the kicker:- it is that ratio, all the way down to the smallest cappillary, to enable a blood supply for every cell in our bodies.

    GM technology worries me, not because I'm scared of engineering. But because to my knowledge, we do not yet understand the mathematics of morphogenesis. DNA is a simple four bit code and yet somehow or other, nature manages to store a cellular doubling number in that four bit code.

    We all start out as one cell, that doubles in a binary progression. Our body plan is formed by the x,y,z matrics of those doublings. The fractal like architecture of our bodies, gives us a hint to how, the miracle of storing our entire code base, in about four gig might be acomplished.

    This new discovery excites me, who knows where it will lead, a new understanding of life maybe? New math? New electronics? The list is endless.

    Cutting edge indeed.

    Peter

    --
    It's called an elephant's trunk whereas it is in fact, an elephant's nose, a nose by any other name would smell as sweet
  42. Fractal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "A fractal is an object whose volume is not a simple product of its dimensions"

    So, if you have a "perfect rectangular solid" of lead, and extract one atom from the corner, that leaves you with a fractal?

  43. You have to use your discretion by DrSkwid · · Score: 2

    Once you are at the scale of discrete particle then there is no edge to measure, only the distance between the particles.

    While you are there you could measure the distance between applied mathematics and pure mathematics.

    --
    There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
  44. If I don't hold my breath by DrSkwid · · Score: 2

    it will fall on the floor and smash.

    Although I'd be too busy shivvering to notice

    --
    There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
  45. if in doubt - say it will do storage by DrSkwid · · Score: 2

    1. Invent new thing
    2. Say it will increase storage.
    3. ??
    4. Prophet

    --
    There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
    1. Re:if in doubt - say it will do storage by borgboy · · Score: 2

      Isn't that redundant? Prophecy in steps 2 and 4???

      --
      meh.
  46. New Magnets Bane of TVs by Josuah · · Score: 1

    I can see the wonderful fun kids are going to have with these magnets and televisions now. No longer the simple purple-green circle. Now you can make really psychedelic stuff show up on your TV.

    1. Re:New Magnets Bane of TVs by AtariEric · · Score: 1

      By the time your kids can get their hands around these magnets, your cathode-ray TV will be replace with a plasma/OLED/whichever set.

      Though, granted, whatever comes next may be more susceptible to magnets...

      --
      Don't trust any concentration of power.
  47. Not repeated at every scale... by aphor · · Score: 2

    Fractals have "similar" structures at different scales. There is no real pattern, because the structures are different everywhere in the fractal. There is only almost-repetition. It is critical to distinguish between self-identity and self-simlarity. No two parts of a fractal will ever match regardless of how you scale them. However, the self-similarity, and also the minute structural differences continue to express themselves within infinitessimal portions of the fractal, scaled to infinity (so we can see them), at least as far as we know...

    --
    --- Nothing clever here: move along now...
  48. The CHART by aphor · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Your sig:

    It's much easier to mod me down than to post an intelligent reply.
    That's true only if the opportunities to mod or post are equal. That seems to be true only around 8:30 CST/CDT. Mod and post on the same discussion are prohibited. The opportunity to mod is a rare thing, and it gives the moderator more influence (although with the all-too-easy click-click convenience) than a poster (who can affect the visibility of the thread only at +2 when sufficient karma has been earned).

    I believe the choice to moderate is an important one, and while I agree with your sentiment (I think...) that people who moderate without without knowing what they are doing should think harder about things, I don't think that differentiates moderation from posting replies.

    Oh, which brings me to my point: it's easier to suggest that someone else make(or find) a chart instead of doing it yourself...

    Note: the Slashdot "lameness filter" didn't like my ASCII art, but it apparently ignores journal entries...

    <a ref="http://slashdot.org/~aphor/journal/20520">The chart</a>
    is in my journal. Furthermore, Slashdot doesn't like hrefs from comments to a person's journal. The rules to this Slashdot game are neither simple nor obvious!

    --
    --- Nothing clever here: move along now...
    1. Re:The CHART by limekiller4 · · Score: 2

      aphor writes:
      "I believe the choice to moderate is an important one, and while I agree with your sentiment (I think...) that people who moderate without without knowing what they are doing should think harder about things, I don't think that differentiates moderation from posting replies. "

      Moderation is both useful and necessary, but I'm far more concerned with learning something (by way of good, intelligent feedback) than racking up this nebulous karma. Who gives a shit about karma?

      In other words, while it might look like I'm bemoaning the loss of karma, I really lamenting the loss of a good conversation. Very, very rarely do I get decent replies. And no, "decent" is not to be understood as "agreement." In fact, as soon as I saw that what you were replying to was my sig, I thought, "oh no, another AC troll" but was pleasantly surprised.

      --
      My .02,
      Limekiller
    2. Re:The CHART by aphor · · Score: 2

      BUT WHAT DO YOU THINK OF MY CHART????

      http://slashdot.org/~aphor/journal/20520

      (it took me about 20 minutes straight...)

      --
      --- Nothing clever here: move along now...
    3. Re:The CHART by limekiller4 · · Score: 1

      Cute. Very cute. I especially like your references. =)

      --
      My .02,
      Limekiller
    4. Re:The CHART by aphor · · Score: 1

      *grin*

      --
      --- Nothing clever here: move along now...
  49. you people didn't realize by SHEENmaster · · Score: 1

    that my post was sarcastic!?

    --
    You can't judge a book by the way it wears its hair.
  50. Applications to superconductors? by A55M0NKEY · · Score: 2, Funny

    Funky fields.. mmmm Magic.

    --

    Eat at Joe's.

  51. yea... by Transcendent · · Score: 2

    This intensely ordered structure might one day be key to storing information with a very high density.

    Yea, who cares about this as helping us understand more and more about the quantum mechanics of our universe.... we get bigger hard drives for porn!

    True, it is interesting that it could lead to bigger hard drives, but it annoys me when they post that as the "hot topic" of this new discovery.

  52. just tring to add something extra by DrSkwid · · Score: 1

    and not just be a 1 2 3 4 profit attempt

    --
    There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter