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Programmable Matter: The New Alchemy
Anonymous Kamath writes "IEEE Spectrum recently published an interview with aerospace-engineer-turned-science-fiction-author Wil McCarthy who's just written his first non-fiction book "Hacking Matter: Levitating Chairs, Quantum Mirages and the Infinite Weirdness of Programmable
Atoms" proposing the application of quantum dot technology on a large scale
thereby allowing one to control properties of materials at will. Another science fiction author laid down the principles of geostationary satellite communication
half a century ago."
I'm not an IEEE member...does that mean I can't read the interview?
Crap!
.... if you can sign in !!
Yeah, and science fiction authors also wrote about flying cars. For a while. I don't see them. Where are my flying cars!?!?!?!
...
from one /.'er who hasn't read the article to another, i just love the idea of levitating anything
[Fuck Beta]
o0t!
Finally! We can reuse all those AOL cds by programming the actual material of the "dots" to reflect light as a "1" or "0".
shame on michael for linking to an article we can't get to... just another day in the life of slashdot.
AT THE END OF THE MATRIX.
Great! Now we can patent the process of making internet-enabled software radioactive by means of programming. This way, people will stay away from radioactive Microsoft programs and use Linux! Perfect!
It's just revenge for all the other sites we've slashdotted.
Jason
ProfQuotes
Wil Mccarthy's web site
Tons of interesting info...
Why do I h8 apple?
The editors seem to have realised nobody actually reads the articles anymore, posters just write whatever springs to mind. So far today we had the earlier $95 dollar Gartner report and now members only access to the article.
Are we seeing the birth of a new site, SlashGossip, made up stuff for nerds to post shit about??
Do not try to read the dupe, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth
What truth?
There is no dupe
Sci Fi authors have been pretty successful in predicting emerging trends in science better than most researchers. Gene Roddenberry anyone?
I'm glad all the IEEE members will be able to read this interview. Fantastic.
It's quite interesting. McCarthy tells a good story, and in the tradition of good science writing, introduces us to the interesting cast of characters that is working on this stuff.
That said, the book has more of a 'fiction' and less of a 'science' feel to it overall. This is a science in its very early stages and much of the theorizing McCarthy does comes off more as wishful thinking than anything that the data backs up. To his credit, McCarthy points this out and tries to be careful to let you know what's fact and what's speculation.
Overall it's a pretty interesting book though. I'd recommend it to anyone who enjoys popular-science writing (in the vain of Gleick or Greene) and doesn't mind a little wild speculation thrown in.
For those of you who are interested in the applications for computing, he talks a very little bit about the possibilities in quantum computing that this opens up, but he actually explicitly states that he's not particularly interested in it. As such, most of the book is about matter that can change it's chemical properties and the more material science applications for it.
Ohh, and the last section of the book (actually and appendix) is all about the patent he filed for a device he came up with over the course of writing the book called a quantum well. It makes me a little nervous when someone's already trying to patent stuff that isn't realizable for years and years. Not a call to arms, but something to think about.
foobar/foobar worked for me
registration/sucks
Really, I registered a free account with this combo.
'He was a dreamer, a thinker, a speculative philosopher... or, as his wife would have it, an idiot.' - Douglas Adams
Programmable matter has been around for years, just look at the T-1000 Terminator
Trolling is a art,
The New Alchemy
Could semiconductor technology do for material science what it has for computing?
Imagine a solid wall that, as the occasion demands, becomes completely transparent or transforms on one side into a giant video screen while the other side becomes either a solar panel or a heat pump that cools a room on a hot day. This is the promise of programmable matter--and it could make the technology revolution wrought by semiconductors to date look like a warm-up for the main act.
The idea of programmable matter began to seep into the popular consciousness in recent years through the works of aerospace-engineer-turned-science-fiction-author Wil McCarthy [right], who dubbed the new material wellstone in novels like The Collapsium (Del Rey, 2000). Now McCarthy has written his first nonfiction book about programmable matter, Hacking Matter: Levitating Chairs, Quantum Mirages and the Infinite Weirdness of Programmable Atoms. Associate Editor Stephen Cass talked to him about this bleeding-edge technology and how McCarthy himself is helping to transform science fiction into science fact.
What is programmable matter?
Programmable matter is fundamentally a solid-state technology--something that can change its optical, physical, magnetic, or electrical behavior without any moving parts except for electrons or photons. In that sense, there are certain things now that already qualify as programmable matter, like an LCD [liquid-crystal display] screen. This is an assembly of devices, but you can also look at it as carefully arranged material that has the interesting property of changing color under electrical stimulation. By adjusting quantum dots instead of pixels, you can make artificial atoms and adjust a lot more than just the color of the material.
What are quantum dots and how do you use them to make artificial atoms?
A natural atom is a particular means for confining electrons--the positively charged nucleus gathers electrons around it and doesn't let them escape. By confining the electrons, you force them to behave as standing waves. And those standing waves are responsible for nearly all the chemical, electrical, and optical properties that we associate with atoms.
But you don't have to have an atomic nucleus to get that sort of behavior out of electrons; you just have to confine them in a small space. There are a lot of ways to do this. One way is to use the standard techniques of semiconductor chip design to create junctions that will herd electrons into an area of choice, known as a quantum dot. Once confined, the electrons will form a structure known as an artificial atom. With artificial atoms, unlike natural atoms, there is no reason why you can't pump electrons in and out and change their characteristics dynamically, making them programmable.
But if these programmable atoms are buried in a semiconductor substrate, how do they interact with anything? How do you make the entire material behave like it's made out of, say, gold?
With programmable atoms in a substrate, what you are really doing is creating controlled impurities--dopant atoms--so the properties of your semiconductors are going to be very important in determining the final properties of the programmable substance. You can get a very high level of doping with a properly designed quantum dot array and overwhelm the normal behavior of the semiconductor. You can never ignore the fact that the semiconductor is there, but you can change its properties almost beyond recognition.
So would you have to combine different types of artificial atoms to end up with a material whose net behavior is like that of gold?
Probably. An artificial atom of gold-- pseudo-gold--is almost certainly going to be a lot larger than an atom of natural gold. One consequence of this is that its absorption and reflection spectrum will be redshifted, because the electrons are less tightly bound so they will be at lower energies. So even if you could somehow have atoms of pseudo-gold without any substrate, they'd be
No, really. registration/sucks works.
Full-Featured GPL Web Hosting Control Panel
from the lead-from-gold dept.
Lead from gold? Don't you mean the other way around? Unless, of course, this is Slashdot's newest money making strategy....
1) Buy lots of gold
2) Turn it into lead
3) ????
4) Profit!
... becomes 'wish' ... ta-dah! ... observable phenomenon, becomes empirical, done.
Or what?
; -- the corruption of government starts with its secrets. a truly free people keep no secrets. --
why they won't even let you see the site if you don't accept their cookies....
It sounds like T2 is made of quantum dots!
PS:
A long long time ago I read a sci-fi story, perhaps called "Spiro" or something similar, that was very similar to T2. Instead of from the future, the shape shifter was from another planet. In the end the protagonist said "One thing I know is where-ever it comes from, they don't have birds. If he though of changing into a bird he could have FLOWN out of danger!"
- For the complete works of Shakespeare: cat
It's Neal Stephenson's world, we only live in it.
The New Alchemy
Could semiconductor technology do for material science what it has for computing?
Imagine a solid wall that, as the occasion demands, becomes completely transparent or transforms on one side into a giant video screen while the other side becomes either a solar panel or a heat pump that cools a room on a hot day. This is the promise of programmable matter--and it could make the technology revolution wrought by semiconductors to date look like a warm-up for the main act.
The idea of programmable matter began to seep into the popular consciousness in recent years through the works of aerospace-engineer-turned-science-fiction-author Wil McCarthy [right], who dubbed the new material wellstone in novels like The Collapsium (Del Rey, 2000). Now McCarthy has written his first nonfiction book about programmable matter, Hacking Matter: Levitating Chairs, Quantum Mirages and the Infinite Weirdness of Programmable Atoms. Associate Editor Stephen Cass talked to him about this bleeding-edge technology and how McCarthy himself is helping to transform science fiction into science fact.
What is programmable matter?
Programmable matter is fundamentally a solid-state technology--something that can change its optical, physical, magnetic, or electrical behavior without any moving parts except for electrons or photons. In that sense, there are certain things now that already qualify as programmable matter, like an LCD [liquid-crystal display] screen. This is an assembly of devices, but you can also look at it as carefully arranged material that has the interesting property of changing color under electrical stimulation. By adjusting quantum dots instead of pixels, you can make artificial atoms and adjust a lot more than just the color of the material.
What are quantum dots and how do you use them to make artificial atoms?
A natural atom is a particular means for confining electrons--the positively charged nucleus gathers electrons around it and doesn't let them escape. By confining the electrons, you force them to behave as standing waves. And those standing waves are responsible for nearly all the chemical, electrical, and optical properties that we associate with atoms.
But you don't have to have an atomic nucleus to get that sort of behavior out of electrons; you just have to confine them in a small space. There are a lot of ways to do this. One way is to use the standard techniques of semiconductor chip design to create junctions that will herd electrons into an area of choice, known as a quantum dot. Once confined, the electrons will form a structure known as an artificial atom. With artificial atoms, unlike natural atoms, there is no reason why you can't pump electrons in and out and change their characteristics dynamically, making them programmable.
But if these programmable atoms are buried in a semiconductor substrate, how do they interact with anything? How do you make the entire material behave like it's made out of, say, gold?
With programmable atoms in a substrate, what you are really doing is creating controlled impurities--dopant atoms--so the properties of your semiconductors are going to be very important in determining the final properties of the programmable substance. You can get a very high level of doping with a properly designed quantum dot array and overwhelm the normal behavior of the semiconductor. You can never ignore the fact that the semiconductor is there, but you can change its properties almost beyond recognition.
So would you have to combine different types of artificial atoms to end up with a material whose net behavior is like that of gold?
Probably. An artificial atom of gold-- pseudo-gold--is almost certainly going to be a lot larger than an atom of natural gold. One consequence of this is that its absorption and reflection spectrum will be redshifted, because the electrons are less tightly bound so they will be at lower energies. So even if you could somehow have atoms of pseudo-gold without any substrate,
Technoli
http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/resource/apr0 3/book.html
ok... I got it from some search engine...
From an earlier post:
"It should be noted that Tsiolkovsky was talking about geosynchronous orbits around 1900, and radio engineer George O. Smith wrote about communication satellites in "QRM Interplanetary" in 1942. However, Smith's communication satellites/stations were generally placed at Trojan points in order to give line-of-sight between planets around the sun (hence the name of the novel/story collection "Venus Equilateral"). Of course, no one made a movie of one of Smith's books, so everyone forgets him..."
I have nothing against Arthur C. Clarke, but credit should go where it is due. And when life on Europa or diamonds on Jupiter are discovered, THEN it will be a prediction. Until then, it's called "speculation".
I am actually Jonathan Vos Post, former Professor of Astronomy, Active Member of Science Fiction Writers of America, and software geek for 37 years (since 1966). I am extremely impressed by both the fiction and nonfiction on this subject by Wil McCarthy.
It happens that, as a side-effect of my writing perhaps the first Nanotechnology Ph.D. dissertation ("Molecular Cybernetics", 1977), I coined the terms of "programmable matter" and of "smart matter" by 1980. I used these terms in discussions I had with CS Professor/Science Fiction author Vernor Vinge, when the vingemiester was writing "Fire Upon the Deep."
I'm delighted that Wil McCarthy has taken the subject further, in his article in "Analog", his IEEE publication, and his wonderful novels.
He's such a good "hard Science Fiction" author that I feel a serious twinge of jealousy when I read him, same as I do for Sir Arthur C. Clarke, David Brin, Greg Benford, and a handfull of others.
Go you: read, and be enlightened.
Jonathan Vos Post
magicdragon.com
over 10,000,000 hits in 2002 alone
proposing the application of quantum dot technology on a large scale thereby allowing one to control properties of materials at will.
Imagine the pornographic possibilities!
Greg Bear has had an idea along these lines,
in his book "Moving Mars".
Is it just me or does that name sound untrustworthy...... i mean remember McCarthyism from the Korean war, where he blacklisted everyone as communists... I'm not too sure if I'de believe his work right away lol. But anyways, nice book, after I get through War and Peace I might get to it....
"Victory means exit strategy, and it's important for the President to explain to us what the exit strategy is." G.W.Bush
Thought you guys might find this interesting as well, since the page is gone....
t ml
http://pm.bu.edu/
http://www.wilmccarthy.com/pmfaq.htm
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.10/atoms.h
GENERX EXEC PGM=WEBGENERO C
OUT1 OUTPUT COPIES=1,FORMDEF=A10131,PAGEDEF=X06483,DEST=PREPR
SYSUT2 DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=080,BLKSIZE=080),
OUTPUT=*.OUT1
* YOUR PDS AND MEMBER NAME
* |
*
V V
SYSUT1 DD DSN=CP53.JCL.SORT(ANT3H37),DISP=SHR
DD DSN=COM.J015030.V3H37.JOBFILE(DFF),DISP=SHR
DD DSN=COM.J015030.V3H37.JOBFILE(UVF),DISP=SHR
DD DSN=COM.J015030.V3H37.JOBFILE(ELECQC),DISP=SHR
*
ABEND EXEC PGM=WTOROK,COND=ONLY
There's one here:
p r0 3/book.html
http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/resource/a
"Just once, I'd like to meet an alien menace that wasn't immune to bullets." -- The Brigadier, Dr. Who
Arthur C. Clarke was NOT the first person to propose relay satellites. He adapted the idea of a geosynchronous satellite from an older story by an obscure SF author whose name escapes me now. The author wrote a story describing a relay station put up on an asteroid to act as a bridge between Earth and Venusian colonies when the sun was in the middle. Essentially, the same concept Clarke used.
"Don't bother me with that pocket calculator stuff" - Deep Thought
Troll?
WTF... that's bs. Offtopic maybe, troll, no.
The metamoderation gods are onto you!
Can anyone here confirm or deny this?
Happy people make bad consumers.
Hawk will kick Magnum's ass any day of the week!
the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Where can I get this as an E-book I can read on my Zaurus?
*sigh*
The crazy weaponry in Anvil of the Stars, by Greg Bear. Been a while since I read it, but as I recall, the crew of this ship discovered how to "edit" matter, and used this offensively against the aliens who destroyed Earth.
In the great CONS chain of life, you can either be the CAR or be in the CDR.
Darn, I knew I should have kept paying the enormous fee each year for something...
Though I do miss the monthly publications like the Photonics journal...
Though OT, how would one join back up if you dropped out 10 years ago? It took
a recommendation from another member to qualify back then..
---- Booth was a patriot ----
. . . I think. The book might have been _Venus Equilateral_.
A very elderly Smith attended one of the first SF conventions I went to. What I best remember about the con was the shameful way a young snot of a fan treated him when he was given an honorary spot on a panel.
In Venus Equilateral they used giant vacuum tubes for their radios, and had no computers to speak of. The second part of the collection is about them finding new uses for the vacuum tubes such as reactionless drives and matter transmitters. A perfect example of the SF tendancy towards "When you have a hammer..."
Plus it never seemed to occur to Smith that, in space, they didn't need the 'tubes'...
- -
Are you an SF Fan? Are you a Tru-Fan?
Programmable software + programmable matter on a large scale = a 'primitive' holodeck.
Think about it.
The first time I heard of this was along with nanotechnology and the twins have haunted my view of the future since. The current battle about genetics looks like kids stuff when you compare it to nanotechnology and programmable matter. Imagine if you could create an implant that'd let you manipulate individual atoms and add in your own quasi-atoms. It'd be especially cool if you could hack your own body with that technology. It makes most of our concepts of magic sound like nothing at all. :)
At what price learning? At what cost wisdom? The price is a man's peace of mind, and the cost is his life.
Well if it's years off, the patent will have expired by then - and the Patent Office will have no choice but see the prior art when somebody gets around to trying to patent it again.
That is only true if the practical applications are at least 20 years after the date of filing, something that you cannot be certain of (though the well documented chilling effects of patents on innovation would lead one to expect that this might indeed become the case, as a direct result of the issuence of this patent).
It is appalling that someone can think of a speculative idea and patent it, then wait for someone to actually do the hard work of inventing a useful product before gouging them for royalties. Not only is there no incentive for anyone other than the arm-chair patent holder to develop this idea (and even were he qualified to do so, he is but one person), there is actually disincentive to do so, as the end result of the toil necessary to create such a remarkable device will be a lawsuit from a science fiction author in the peanut gallar.
The previous poster said this "wasn't a call to arms." Well, it damn well should be. Unfortunately we have cultivated apathy to a high art, and appear unable to move ourselves out of that helpless state of mind even when things like this (not to mention software patents, which threaten innovation and free software for all of us) repeatedly kick us all directly in the face.
Our masters, in conditioning us to be compliant and uninvolved, untroublesome, quiet consumers have done their work well...to the profound detriment of us all.
The Future of Human Evolution: Autonomy
I am Jonathan Vos Post, former Professor of Astronomy, Active Member of Science Fiction Writers of America, and software geek for 37 years (since 1966)
;)
Jonathan Vos Post
magicdragon.com
over 10,000,000 hits in 2002 alone
The Kruger Dunning explains most post on
Here it is! Well not yet but on the way.
Yeah, THAT lends credibility to your post...
Higher Logics: where programming meets science.
This is really cool, but it's not going to happen anytime soon. Most large scale materials engineering processes are still done using basic manufacturing techniques, from forging to sintering to pre-preg tape for composites. Manipulating matter at the quantum scale is way, way down the road. The main problem is there isn't really an engineering branch that connects the materials engineers to the theoretical physicists. They're kind of two different sides of the same coin. And forget about talking to the computer science people. As far as the metallurgists are concerned, you programming people speak in tongues and spend all your time writing code. The engineers hate the scientists and the scientists hate the engineers and everybody hates the materials scientists because they are somewhere in between. The trick will be writing a program that lets you go from macroscale structure property relations to molecular scale material properties like stacking faults and diffusion then down to atomic level interaction that causes the molecular scale effects and finally down to individual quantum scale assembly of the chosen material. Then back up and down the scales. [-)
What would Richard Feynman do, if he were here right now? He'd do some math and he'd follow through!
Well, Jonathan Vos Post here again... if you carefully scan "The Forge of God" by Greg Bear, prequel to "Anvil of Stars", you'll find that I am in there as the character "Jonathan Vos Post" primarily for coinventing the way the Earth is destroyed, but also for telling Greg Bear how many bits there are per quantum particle (i.e. the very Long Word Length of protons and stuff that you need to know to program them).
Jonathan Vos Post
magicdragon.com
10,000,000+ hits in 2002 alone
Great. So the author can simulate the properties of a single atom (minus the nucleus). So he has a single ball of electrons that act like any given atom given you discount the difference in color (as he stated in the interview), has a REALLY HUGH NEGATIVE charge. Can you imagine the amount of energy it's going to take to keep these electrons together. How are they going to stay together? What forces is he going to use? Take a look at any periodic chart. The more an atom is off charge the more it's going to grab to the next molecule next to it to try & even out the charge.
One of the things he talks about is how the virtual atoms can only exist right on top of the silicon substrate... Why can't the "atoms" that you are creating resemble more silicon substrate, complete with wires and all that it needs to function, and then sitting on top of that is yeat another virtual layer, ad nauseum until you create wahtever you want. All you would need is a little chip of "seed" substrate and you could "replicate" stuff... It wouldn't exist as soon as the power shuts off, but it would seem to exist until that point, right? So pseudo replication.
The parent is an imposter! I am the real Jonathan Vos Post, former Professor of Astronomy, Active Member of Science Fiction Writers of America, and software geek for 37 years (since 1966).
Jumped the gun.
5) call the company led2gold.com and sell an IPO before Y2K.
I just logged in using "registration" as the username and "sucks" as password.
hmm.
.0003 g/cm3, which is 300 times lighter than gaseous hydrogen...
I read 'hacking matter' and was a bit confused: if you take away the protons and neutrons away from the atom, don't you end up with an *exceedingly* light material? The mass of the proton is 1400 times the mass of the electron, and as it was said the quantum dots are 50 times larger than regular atoms, which seems to me to indicate that anything you make with quantum dots is going to be 70000 times lighter than its equivalent 'regular' atom. Given that gold has a density of 20 g/cm3 at room temperature, the potential 'density' of quantum dot gold is
Second, what about electrical charge and orbital levels? I'm assuming to get the same sort of chemical properties, the electrons are going to have to assume orbitals equivalent to their regular mass counterparts. How scalable is the quantum dot phenomenon? Has it been done for more than a couple of electrons?
As for electrical charge, I was under the impression that much, if not most chemistry is due to the weak electrical force, and the attraction between positive and negative charges. Won't 'quantum dot' matter be so negative as to pretty much fly apart?
I don't know. It seems a little far-fetched to me. Perhaps I wasn't reading close enough...
Ed