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Australia To Use GM To Control Carp

mskfisher writes "Yahoo! News is running an AFP story on Australia's efforts to control the carp population using a 'male-only' gene. The gene will prevent the carp, considered a pest in Australia, from producing female offspring. The carp has wiped out some 90% of the native south Australian fish population, namely perch and bass. They do not, however, mention any ways of controlling the spread of this gene in the wild, besides the obvious death of any affected population."

44 of 358 comments (clear)

  1. GM Carp? by ackthpt · · Score: 2, Funny
    GM Carp?

    Isn't that a new SUV?

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  2. Arbitrary choice? by product+byproduct · · Score: 2, Funny

    How about a "female-only" approach? I suggest that we try both approaches at the same time to see which one works best.

    1. Re:Arbitrary choice? by bmiller949 · · Score: 2, Funny

      I think it will be achieved via "Gay Trout for a Straight Carp", home pond make-over. They will all switch over afterwards...

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  3. Well I worry about this one by tekiegreg · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Suppose this gene multiplies further out past Australia, we could very well see the extinction of all Carp once they all become male.

    Genetic work can be beneficial, but the long term considerations must be considered, how about mass breeding/releasing of sharks in the water to eat all these carp (I know the human implications of all those sharks terrorizing humans)? Or just increased fishing programs? There's got to be another way....

    --
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    1. Re:Well I worry about this one by NearlyHeadless · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Suppose this gene multiplies further out past Australia, we could very well see the extinction of all Carp once they all become male.

      How is any gene that causes infertility suppose to multiply or spread anywhere? It's absurd on the face of it.


      "Infertility is hereditary. If your parents didn't have any children, you probably won't have any either."

    2. Re:Well I worry about this one by zaf · · Score: 2, Informative

      Carp aren't good to eat, and they're very boney. The problem is that they're wiping out the fish that are good to eat, such as bass and perch, as the article says.

    3. Re:Well I worry about this one by Mithrandir · · Score: 2, Informative

      Mud carp are freshwater fish. Australia is an independent continent that has no connection to anywhere else. There's no way it could spread. Also, the carp are an introduced species so wiping them out is very desirable as they completely ruin the local river ecosystems. However, they've been trying to do that with rabbits, boar and foxes for about 100 years now with no success. I doubt this one will either.

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    4. Re:Well I worry about this one by azav · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Jeron, please tell me how this gene will travel among the fresh water and why salt water would stop it??

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    5. Re:Well I worry about this one by Wabin · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The gene does not cause infertility, just maleness. So it can spread. Which is in fact what they want; They can't very well introduce the gene into all of the fish out there (if they could, they would have just killed them all) so what they want to do is introduce this gene, then as it spreads, gradually the proportion of males in the population will increase. When you have all males, then the population dies. There are, of course, problems with this approach. One is the potential for accidental spread, both to other populations of carp outside Australia, and to other species.* Another is that the females who are left are likely to produce more surviving offspring (population limits in fish are not usually from the number of eggs produced). Another is that it will take a while to have huge effects, during which time mutations might arise that block this mechanism and allow female development. Such a mutation would spread rapidly (it would be highly favored by selection once the population got far off 50-50) so you would be back a square one. Biocontrol of introduced species is notoriously bad, particularly in Australia. See Cane Toads. We are exceptionally bad at foreseeing all of the downstream consequences of such manipulations of the ecosystem. A cool idea, and some great work by the scientists, but lets hope that they think long and hard before releasing these fish into the wild. *do you really think that all those extra male carp will ignore the chance for some kinky inter-species romance? It just takes one...

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    6. Re:Well I worry about this one by deacon · · Score: 3, Informative
      You have obviously never had a properly prepared carp!!!

      Absolutely delicious when fresh killed, breaded, and deep fried.

      The fine bones are only in the tail end, the center part provides large fillets which have only 4 or 5 huge bones which are impossible to miss.

      When dressing the carp, you must remove a gland from the inside without breaking it, or you will spoil the taste of the carp.

      Carp is, btw, a traditional xmas meal in Czech Republic

    7. Re:Well I worry about this one by azav · · Score: 4, Informative

      Ok. Australia is an island last time I checked. The carp would have to be transported outside of Australia to allow this gene to propogate. Carp are fresh water fish. They die in salt water. Interspecies gene transfer from a fresh water fish to a salt water fish, to the same fresh water species somewhere else is a large stretch of the imagination.

      RE: sharks. You seem to be missing the fact that sharks are mostly salt water creatures and you would have to breed fresh water sharks that have a taste for carp.

      Fact: by reducing the viable reproductive population of females, a population will crash as the female die out. You need females to grow a population, not males. Still, it would take many years for the carp populations to die out. Carp live for a long time.

      --
      - Zav - Imagine a Beowulf cluster of insensitive clods...
    8. Re:Well I worry about this one by fastidious+edward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      From a purely Australian perspective I agree, but there is the risk this is not purely AUstralian. What if 'infected' Carp were released in Europe/Asia? Then gradually the species would be eliminated from the entire world. A habitat has been saved for a few species but a other habitats have been irrecovably damaged.

      The local solution has to be balanced against the global risk. Australia has already had one massive failure regarding immigrant species 'control' which resulted in the deaths of 100s of millions of rabbits outside Australia yet failured to tackle the problem at home. I only hope the Carp 'solution' is a little better thought through. The best solution to population control is that old method of predation... we just need to find an effective way to predate predators.

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    9. Re:Well I worry about this one by Chibi · · Score: 2, Insightful
      How is any gene that causes infertility suppose to multiply or spread anywhere? It's absurd on the face of it.


      As far as I can tell, this gene manipulation doesn't cause infertility. It just prevents female offspring. You see, the point is that the male offspring have a certain likihood of possessing this gene, so males with this gene will also only produce male offspring. If these males were to somehow migrate and begin breeding in other populations, then this new population will be skewed towards males. The concern is that if enough of these males are able to spread and breed in other carp populations, then the species as a whole is at risk - too many males not enough females, not unlike the geek population. ;)

      --
      If all you have are silver bullets, everything looks like a werewolf.
  4. Hmm... by LordK3nn3th · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Australians report rise of homosexual fish"

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  5. Aussies. pest control. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    This just doesn't look good.

  6. One Man's Pest... by blunte · · Score: 2, Interesting

    is another man's delicacy

    --
    .sigs are for post^Hers.
  7. carp is a freshwater fish by alsta · · Score: 5, Informative

    Since all carp that I know of are freshwater fish, it stands to reason by that assumption that the species was introduced by man. In fact the article mentions the word "introduced" but neglects to mention by what means. Had it been by natural cause, the choice of word would commonly be "migration".

    As such it would be next to impossible to spread this gene outside of Australia, where the species isn't wanted anyway. So unless I am wrong in my basic assumption that man caused this in the first place, the problem is contained.

    --
    Wealth is the product of man's capacity to think. -Ayn Rand
    1. Re:carp is a freshwater fish by bshroyer · · Score: 3, Insightful

      My later comment should have been a reply to yours, but we were responding contemporaneously...

      The fact that the carp has been introduced everywhere by man, and is so ubiquitous, practically guarantees it'll be smuggled out of Australia to other "carp-infested" locales.

      It would also be an insidious attack against the Asian countries who rely upon carp for food - by releasing the GM fry into farms, lakes, and rivers in SE Asia.

      --
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    2. Re:carp is a freshwater fish by alsta · · Score: 2, Interesting

      So where did carp come from if it isn't indigenous anywhere? The fact of the matter is that it doesn't belong in Australia and short of this, there is no way one can cleanse the waters of the carp without killing every other living being in those waters.

      The risk that somebody "smuggles" this species to Asian countries appears very small and for that to have serious effect, the carp would have to inter-breed with other species to knock whole stocks out.

      COULD there be a risk? Of course. Is this option safer and more humane than others? I would like to think so. However you twist and turn this issue, the carp is killing off every other species in those waters. Australians DON'T want the carp. Since it has to go, what else do you propose that doesn't indiscriminately kill off everything else in those waters?

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    3. Re:carp is a freshwater fish by alsta · · Score: 2, Interesting

      OK, you're for genetic manipulation and for cleansing waters of non-indigenous carp. In fact you're for this in US waters, but somehow Australians shouldn't be allowed to because it would be unfair to South East Asia?

      I am oversimplifying to get your attention. However there are a few facts we need to establish here for the sake of the argument.

      This procedure affects one species of carp. I don't know how many known species of carp there are, but I would venture to guess that it is in the least hundreds (probably thousands, but I am being purposely conservative) in the world. This affected carp species will have to, provided that it is properly shipped and that it adapts to the environment where it is introduced well and in large enough numbers, be predatory enough in its mating habits and inter-breed in order to take other species out as well.

      Australia will have government ensuring that the male-only gene is spread, whereas we'll have say 10 guys successfully spending thousands of dollars to ship live genetically modified male carp from Australia to the US?

      Again, COULD there be a problem? Yes, there could be. We could also be struck by meteorites. This species has to be erradicated by some means. Short of killing everything, what do you suggest is better than genetic manipulation, which you're in favor of elsewhere in the world?

      --
      Wealth is the product of man's capacity to think. -Ayn Rand
  8. GM? by tommck · · Score: 3, Funny
    Am I the only one who pictured a steering wheel bolted to the top of a carp? I would expect that a steering wheel would be sub-optimal for maneuvering in the water...

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  9. It will breed itself out. by Moderation+abuser · · Score: 2, Informative

    Anything which reduces or limits the breeding ability of a species will naturally reduce within the population. It's called evolution. It'll just take a few generations. After all, we can't even kill bloody bacteria now.

    How about we just catch and eat the carp?

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    Government of the people, by corporate executives, for corporate profits.
  10. I love it. by Golobarti · · Score: 2, Funny

    Once we are done with carp, I'd vote for mosquitoes, roaches, rats and lawyers next.

    --
    Do not look into the laser with remaining eye.
  11. perch and bass are NOT native by G3ckoG33k · · Score: 2, Informative

    "perch and bass" are not native in Australia. Perches are found in Europe, North America, and northern Asia. Bass are found in North America only.

    For a better fish context - see Fishbase.

    So, what do I care if one introduced fish species eradicates other introduced.

    1. Re:perch and bass are NOT native by bhny · · Score: 2, Informative

      the article says "Macquarie perch and Australian bass"
      these are native Australian fish!

  12. Sounds familiar by coug_ · · Score: 2, Funny

    Didn't they try this in Jurrasic Park?

    1. Re:Sounds familiar by mfender9 · · Score: 2, Funny
      I believe they were all female in JP. The flaw with that plan was that it would only take one rogue male to be introduced, and you'd have a load of pregnant females, and one very tired but extremely happy male.

      If it was the other way round, and you introduced one female into a male population, she'd either get immediately shagged to death, or else she'd die alone in a shady corner because all the males would be scared to talk to her. Either way, the all-male plan seems potentially more effective.

  13. Do it to goldfish in the USA! by supabeast! · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I grew up next to a small river. As a child, my friends and I spent many afternoons fishing in the river for bass, sunfish, and catfish. In the late 1980s a trend began among irresponsible fishermen of using "feeder" goldfish, most of which were tiny orange carp, as bait because they were cheaper than minnows. At the end of the day, those guys would toss any extra bait into the river, where they thrived and grew to huge sizes. Native fish were wiped out, followed by the huge snapping turtles that could no longer survive in the screwed-up ecosystem. Those damned goldfish became the kudzu of our water, weren't any fun to fish for, and now the only people who fish in those waters are illegal immigrants desperate for food.

    If something like this were done with those stupid pet goldfish, it would be a great boon for a lot of fishing spots that might eventually be destroyed by idiots using non-native bait.

  14. Carp are Nasty Fish by l810c · · Score: 3, Funny
    A few years back a few friends and I were cruising around Lake Powell in Utah. For those not familiar with Lake Powell, most of the lake is sheer canyon walls with little vegitation and few places to exit the lake.

    We are cruising up one of the side canyons and the only place to exit is surrounded by boats and has no trees. My friend has to take a dump. So he jumps into the lake and drops his bathing suit. As soon as it hits the water, he is immediately attacked by 20-30 Huge carp in a big feeding frenzy. The water was boiling, my friend was screaming and we were crying from laughter.

  15. Could backfire by mfender9 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Won't this just mean that a million sexually frustrated male carp will beat the fish-crap out of all the perch and bass instead?

  16. This gene is GUARANTEED to escape by bshroyer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    In general, one would think that introducing a GM freshwater fish in Australia would be a safe bet for containment. However...

    There is NO WAY that this gene could be contained in the small "backwater basin" in Australia. There are enough other locales in the world (the majority of the US, and its Great Lakes for one) in which carp are despised, and enough motivated people with mobility, that there would quickly spring up a "black market" in these GM carp for export to ponds, lakes, and rivers abroad.

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  17. The Bio-ethical solution... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...would be to import Gorillas to eat the carp. In the winter, the Gorillas will die off naturally.

  18. Spread of this gene in the wild?? by azav · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Unlike certain other organisms, interspecies gene transfer in fish is not something that happens every day. In weeds, it happens due to bacteria living in the root nodules of the weed and visiting neighboring plants.

    I do not know if gene transfer is documented in other organisms like fish but would consider it to have a very low success rate.

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    - Zav - Imagine a Beowulf cluster of insensitive clods...
  19. Re:I don't like that... by Rinikusu · · Score: 2, Funny

    Gene1 (Merv): Hey bob..
    Gene2 (Bob) : Hey Merv..

    Merv: man, I was thinking.. this here carp we're in just sucks. Just swimming around, doing nothing all day long, man.. we gotta get outta here..

    Bob: Man, I feel ya, but how?

    Merv: See, I figure, if we jump just right, we can actually jump out of this here carp and, I dunno, inject ourselves into those plants on the shoreline..

    --
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  20. Kiwis don't use GM and have more fun doing it by NewtonsLaw · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Hey, why use complex genetic engineering to control your carp population when you can have a hell of a lot more fun using medieval technology like the NZers do?

  21. Localization does not work? by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It is curious how external species are able to out-compete local species fine-tuned to the local environment time and time again.

    One theory is that local preditors have yet to adjust to the new species, giving it freer range. Another is that isolation has kept local species from some of the evolutionary advances going on elsewhere in the world.

  22. old school solution by Phrack · · Score: 2, Insightful

    So, when you actually *need* to overfish a certain area and reduce a species population.... we turn to genetic manipulation. Smart. Smart.

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  23. Visual Cues by RabidChipmunk · · Score: 2, Interesting

    They should GM the carp so they look different to humans. Maybe put the Glow gene in them. The only problem would be if the change made them less attractive to the opposite sex. Eventually it would, because selection would favor females who can pick males without the gene. It would take a while though.

    The trick is not to create something that is "collectable." It'll have to be ugly and taste bad, but still sexy to other fish.

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  24. Jurassic Park by Vorgo · · Score: 2, Funny

    First we genetically restrict one of the sexes, then the next thing you know they're humping anyway and they've broken out of their cages and are rampaging around the island trying to eat Dr. Grant and the kids.

    --
    A new feature is just a bug waiting to happen. And vice versa.
  25. How could it spread? by feagle814 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Think about it - if a gene causes the birth of only males, then it is not beneficial to the carp population.

    What has Darwin taught us about non-beneficial genes again?

    That's right. They eventually drop out of the gene pool.

    Basic evolution, everybody.

  26. Imagine by sacrilicious · · Score: 3, Informative
    Interspecies gene transfer from a fresh water fish to a salt water fish, to the same fresh water species somewhere else is a large stretch of the imagination.

    I wouldn't count on that. A big issue in the San Francisco Bay area has been the phenomenon of foreign tankers emptying their balast chambers (or some kind of huge water-containing chamber) in the SFBay, thereby introducing tons of non-native species to the area.

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  27. Re:What I don't understand is... by Queuetue · · Score: 2, Informative

    This thousand-carp batch's children will all be male.

    That 10,000-carp batch's children will also all be male.

    That 100,000-carp batch's children will also be male.

    And so on. The existing males will have to work extra hard to find females, and eventually, one species (ether the GM ones or the non-GM ones, quickly followed by the GM ones) will die out, with considerably less fish left afterwards.

  28. How to eat a carp: +1, informative;-) by waferhead · · Score: 5, Funny

    My father taught me this when I was little:

    1)Clean and wash carp.
    2)Tie carp to good quality oak or maple board using fine Stainless leader wire.
    (2 carp can be prepared at a time, either side of board)
    3)Baste carp constantly, slowly rotating over an open fire (mesquite is good)using a mixture of lemon juice, butter, honey, and a bit of cayenne pepper.
    Takes approximatly 4 hours, perhaps longer.

    When boards become tender, dicard carp, and eat the board.

  29. Totally Unnecessary by avgjoe62 · · Score: 2, Funny
    There is absolutely NO NEED to use genetic modification to control these fish. Why go through all of the dangers of releasing a genetically engineered organism when there is such a simple alternative.

    If the Australians really want to get rid of the ability of the male fish to reproduce, simply give them all computers and /. subscriptions. They'll never mate again...

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