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First Ever Nanotube Transistors On A Circuit

btsdev writes "Researchers at the University of California at Berkeley and Stanford University have developed the first ever integrated silicon circuit with nanotube technology. According to the article on UC Berkeley's site, this brings researchers one step closer to developing memory chips with carbon nanotubes - chips that could hold approximately 10,000 times more data than those we have today."

60 of 216 comments (clear)

  1. Seven... by John+Seminal · · Score: 5, Funny

    I guess this means the Ferengi do not have to abduct Seven of Nine after all.

    --

    Rosco: "If brains were gunpowder, Enos couldn't blow his nose."

    1. Re:Seven... by mansa · · Score: 2, Funny

      I'd think they'd do it anyway... for her sexy "implants". :)

  2. Always Impressive by Elpacoloco · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Berkley has made some great stuff over the years. But this is truly cool. You could make a supercomputer the size of your current computer tower today. Or maybe even smaller with some other control method.

    Or even maybe implant it in your body.

    1. Re:Always Impressive by grub · · Score: 5, Funny


      You could make a supercomputer the size of your current computer tower

      But... but.. Steve Jobs said my current computer tower is a supercomputer!

      --
      Trolling is a art,
    2. Re:Always Impressive by Frymaster · · Score: 4, Informative
      Steve Jobs said my current computer tower is a supercomputer!

      sigh. when the g4 was introduced, the united states defined "supercomputers" or "high performance computers" for the purpose of export as any machine that could do 2000 MTOPS (million theoretical operations per second).

      any machine that met this definition was under strict export control to "tier 3" countries (n. korea, iran, pretty much all of s. america &c.). hence the "supercomputer" appellation from jobs & co.

      now the export control for computers has been raised to 6500 MTOPS - so iranians can merrily get their g5's.

    3. Re:Always Impressive by NanoGator · · Score: 5, Funny

      "Or even maybe implant it in your body."

      I'll pass on the Kray Suppository, thank you.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    4. Re:Always Impressive by webtre · · Score: 4, Informative

      My course in VLSI design was many, many years in the past, but what I do remember is that early integrated circuits used metal gates in the fabrication process. That process was later abandoned in favor of polysilicon because poly was much easier to work with at smaller feature sizes (I'm a bit foggy on this one). Gee, so now we're going back to metal gate processes, and we'll have real metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors again?

      If this is becoming easier to do at deep submicron level, I suppose processes for making deep submicron feature-sized Gallium-Arsenide MESFET's also got easier? Now wouldn't we just love to have such GaAs chips on our desktops... (I do know I'm forgetting another difficulty in working with GaAs, anyone care to remind me why GaAs is not as common as silicon today?)

      --
      litigious bastards
      suck it sco!
    5. Re:Always Impressive by xilmaril · · Score: 2, Informative

      >anyone care to remind me why GaAs is not as common as silicon today?

      price. silicon is dirt cheap, gaAs not.

  3. What large memory you have! by ObviousGuy · · Score: 4, Insightful

    All the better to track you, my dear.

    --
    I have been pwned because my /. password was too easy to guess.
  4. I'll take it from here... by clifgriffin · · Score: 4, Funny

    Let's see.

    1. I'd like to see a bewolf cluster of these.
    2. How long until it runs linux?
    3.

    I think that covers it all. You may proceed.

    Feel free to contribute.

  5. Lots of small memory chips by vpscolo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If you could get lots of small chips to give high memory density, pack them into a PC and then setup a huge RAM disk with some permanent storage things would suddenly become a lot faster

    Rus

  6. Imagine a beowulf cluster of these by RLiegh · · Score: 4, Funny

    stuck under your fingernails!!

    1. Re:Imagine a beowulf cluster of these by jeremytribby · · Score: 2, Funny

      And then you'd have sco yelling at you to clean linux out from under your fingernails.

  7. iPod by pvt_medic · · Score: 4, Troll

    well just wait till they pop one of these into an iPod you be able to store like 1 million songs. on that thing.

    --
    30% Troll, 50% Underrated, 10% Interesting
    Score:5, Troll
    1. Re:iPod by NanoGator · · Score: 2, Funny

      "iPod (Score:5, Troll)"

      Man, there's something for the ol' resume. "Once got a +5 Troll on Slashdot!"

      --
      "Derp de derp."
  8. Heat and carbon nanotubes... by MajorDick · · Score: 5, Informative

    Ummmm. There is a pretty serious problem with heat dissapation and CARBON nanotubes Like this report shows

    Isnt this going to cause a pretty serious problem in integrating nanotube technology into electronics ?

    1. Re:Heat and carbon nanotubes... by Smidge204 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Did you even read the article you linked to? In order for that to happen, you need to fill a laundary list of rather specific criteria:

      1) Single walled nanotubes
      2) Presence of oxygen
      3) Temperatures in excess of 1,500 C
      4) Only intense light seems to effect it (photons are absorbed by the nanotubes directly)

      We can let #1 slide since I do not know if there is any specific requirement if nanotubes can (or must be) single or multi walled for use in electronics. Since there hasn't been any real development of nanotube electronics yet, I don't think anyone really knows. The linked article is about tool to analize nanotubes, not no much build electronic devices that incorperate them. It does make a good proof-of-concept though.

      #2 is easily remedied because the devices would be hermetically sealed in opaque packages. That also takes care of #4...

      And I don't think anyone will have to worry about the 1500 degree temperatures so far as electronics are concerned. At least nobody in the private sector...

      I mean damn, it's one thing to not RTFA, but you didn't even read your own sources!
      =Smidge=

    2. Re:Heat and carbon nanotubes... by JonnyQabbala · · Score: 2, Funny
      And I don't think anyone will have to worry about the 1500 degree temperatures so far as electronics are concerned.

      You don't own an Athlon.

      --
      This sig intentionally left blank
    3. Re:Heat and carbon nanotubes... by mcrbids · · Score: 5, Informative

      From TFA: Because extensive rearrangement of the carbon atoms occurs, the scientists estimate that the tubes reach temperatures of nearly 1,500 degrees Celsius.

      This doesn't happen *while* the nanotubes are at 1,500 C, the nanotubes heat up to 1,500 C as a result of the flash!

      You really *REALLY* should RTFA when chastising somebody else for not RTFA!

      --
      I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
  9. Put more science stuff around! by ActionPlant · · Score: 3, Funny

    One step closer!

    We can rebuild him. We have the technology.

    So do these things have good tensile strength if you pack them in bundles? Because when they rebuild me, I want them to use nanotubes. They're definitely the "in" thing right now. Just imagine...legs that can literally "remember."

    Damon,

    --
    http://actionPlant.com
    1. Re:Put more science stuff around! by a+whoabot · · Score: 2, Informative

      Obviously you're not familiar with Dr. Noe Huntley's articles... http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~noelh/physmob.ht m

  10. Diamond substrate? by Stile+65 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It'll be interesting to see how they'll make carbon nanotubes work when they use diamond for a semiconductor (see article in Wired, referenced by another /. post, that I'm too lazy to find now).

    Also, it'd be neat if they could base some kind of flash memory technology on this stuff too. I know IBM/HP/etc. are coming out with the polymer memory, but this stuff would probably be able to hold a lot more - a nice HD's worth of data in an SD card, at least. Or am I completely off base? Could that even completely replace hard drives eventually?

    --
    I claim first use of "Error No. 0B" - or "No. 0B error." It'll be the new ID 10T!
    1. Re:Diamond substrate? by Saeger · · Score: 4, Informative
      The wired article: The New Diamond Age

      The inevitability of artificial, perfect diamond has DeBeers white in the face. It also provides more fuel for the The Law of Accelerating Returns (rather than "Moore's Law").

      --

      --
      Power to the Peaceful
    2. Re:Diamond substrate? by uglomera · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Diamond substrates and nanotubes face completely different challenges, and the issues with nanotubes will probably be resolved first. In that WIRED article, it was explained that it takes years to grow ONE diamond wafer, and they still haven't probably grown anything larger than 3-4 inch wafers. It will probably take several decades until they can serially produce 12" diamond wafers.

      Carbon nanotubes, on the other hand, need to have their type (metallic or semiconducor) and doping level (if semiconductor) controlled reliably, and also EDA tools extentions need to be written in order to incorporate them in critical paths on chip. This is a lot less work than learning to grow diamond wafers. At least De Beers will need to be brought to its knees before this will be reality. Imagine a war over diamonds...

    3. Re:Diamond substrate? by Stile+65 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      They actually won't have 4-inch wafers for another few years - I think they're probably at about an inch squared right now. It won't take several decades to produce 12" wafers, though, because the size of the wafer they produce using CVD depends on the size of the seed. They are using the result from each session to grow larger wafers each time: Starting with a square, waferlike fragment, the Linares process will grow the diamond into a prismatic shape, with the top slightly wider than the base.

      Still, you're right - nanotubes will probably be feasible before mass-produced diamond ICs. The reason I brought up diamond/nanotubes is because they're both carbon - two very different forms of it - and I'm kind of interested in how the process of trying to get one onto the other would affect both of them.

      --
      I claim first use of "Error No. 0B" - or "No. 0B error." It'll be the new ID 10T!
  11. Crud... by Roadkills-R-Us · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I was hoping we finally had vacuum tubes grown on a chip. Besides building Eniac on a chip (but without the power bill and air conditioning problems) we could have every vacuum tube guitar amp ever made on a chip - just need a clean power amp after it.

    Fooey.

    1. Re:Crud... by earthforce_1 · · Score: 4, Interesting


      Actually, the idea of building "integrated vaccum tubes" isn't as silly as it sounds. Transistors don't function above 200C, and microscopic tubes would allow us to build sensors and other circuits where transistors cannot go, at least without elaborate cooling. There has already been talk of using silicon vaccum tubes to power remote sensors in jet and aircraft engines, which must operate at extremely high temperatures.

      And I always thought they would find an idea home in robot spacecraft, where there is already a vaccum. They would also offer extreme resistance to the effects of hard radiation such as the Io belt around Jupiter, which tends to fry semiconductor electonics.

      --
      My rights don't need management.
  12. We are needing speed, not capacity. by ircShot_guN · · Score: 4, Insightful

    At least in a server environment, I don't see the requirement for many gigs of memory (on a single chip no less) without also having better technology to access it quickly.

    1. Re:We are needing speed, not capacity. by Jesus+2.0 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I guess I don't follow your reasoning.

      First of all, I would just plain love to have many gigs of memory, even if it's only accessible at today's speeds. To be able, for example, to actually search through my immense email archive at a reasonable speed, without needing to constantly fault to disk? Even if I have a whole movie loaded into memory and playing? Terrific.

      Second of all, access speed will, of course, improve with time. It is almost a tautology - technology improves. Especially with associated technological leaps forward to drive the need for it, such as is the case with what's discussed in the article.

    2. Re:We are needing speed, not capacity. by grub · · Score: 2, Interesting


      At least in a server environment, I don't see the requirement for many gigs of memory (on a single chip no less) without also having better technology to access it quickly.

      Ok.. Now imagine those many gigs of memory on on-die with the CPU itself. Get's interesting, yes?

      --
      Trolling is a art,
  13. Necessity? by agent+dero · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Ok, if you have 10,000 more the space, it all disappears when you power off right? Or when the power goes out?

    Also what about address space?

    How many bit CPUs will we need to address 1,280,000MB of RAM?

    Nonetheless cool, even though it seems either overkill or impractical

    --
    Error 407 - No creative sig found
    1. Re:Necessity? by Pyro226 · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Shamelessly quoted from http://peripherals.about.com/cs/buildyourpc/a/aa03 1215a_2.htm

      To understand how 64-bit technology gives your computer more RAM memory, you need to do a little math. Don't worry, it's easy math. Your computer's processor uses 8-bit blocks of memory (called bytes) in powers of 2. A 32-bit processor can address up to 2^32 bytes of RAM, or 4294967296 bytes. That's 4 gigabytes (a gigabyte is 2^30 bytes).

      Theoretically, 64-bit processors can use 2^64 bytes of RAM, or 18446744073709551616 bytes. That's 17179869184 gigabytes, or 16777216 terabytes (units of 2^40 bytes).

      --
      This message is encrypted with Quad ROT-13 to protect the author's copyright under the DMCA.
    2. Re:Necessity? by paul248 · · Score: 4, Informative

      How many bit CPUs will we need to address 1,280,000MB of RAM?

      41.

    3. Re:Necessity? by RyanFenton · · Score: 4, Informative

      "Ok, if you have 10,000 more the space, it all disappears when you power off right?"

      Actually, no. The basic technology from the last story (can't find it now - slashdot's search seems disabled now) implied that the memory would not require constant charge, but would instead be based on van-der-waals effect on many nanotubes to make up one bit. It's not the most efficient method - it's just much more data-dense than current methods.

      Ryan Fenton

    4. Re:Necessity? by megabeck42 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Its something to note that while many chips can have 64 bit pointers, the chip does not necessarily support 64 address lines. For example, from the Athlon 64 FX Datasheet found here, we know that the Athlon 64 FX has 40 physical address lines, Granted, that's still a Terrabyte of physical address space, but, its nowhere near the numbers you quote.

      Mind you, the originaly 68000 was like this, with only 24 physical address lines, as were the 80486SLC's with only 24 physical address lines, despite being 32bit internally. Oh, and I believe MIPS arches have 30 address lines because they do not support non word-aligned read/writes, but that may or may not be true.

      Oh, another thing, the Athlon 64 does clock in 64 or 128 bits per read/write cycle, so even if it uses the physical address lines for the high bits (most likely) its still not the full 64 bit address space.

      --
      fnord.
  14. Micro tube amps? SCHWEEET!!!!! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I always wanted a Marshall tube stack I could carry in my pocket!!!!!

  15. More memory than anyone'll ever need? by Graabein · · Score: 4, Funny
    So, does this mean then that we can finally break that pesky Petabyte RAM barrier in personal computers?

    Not that I can see why anyone would ever need more than 640 TB anyways. Except people still using MS Windows and MS Office, of course. Sheesh!

    Ooops, wrong timeline. 'Scuse me while I duck back, er... forwards, to 2014 again.

    --
    And remember kids: Never trust a computer you can actually lift.
    1. Re:More memory than anyone'll ever need? by blair1q · · Score: 2, Funny

      Hey. Just so long as it doesn't get into the swap file when I run the Deep Thought simulation of Earth. Again.

      (Got any cheese?)

  16. Bob Dole's Response by horati0 · · Score: 2, Funny

    "What the hell's this... some kinda nanotube?!"

    --
    The neutrality of this sig is disputed.
  17. Well actually the second Nanotube Transistor. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    While this might be a great accomplishment it is a bit hard to tell from what was written. This is not the first carbon Nanotube transistor, but it might be the first to be integrated on silicon. This is not really important unless they have solved the principle problem with such devices, which is creating an ohmic contact. If there is not an ohmic contact the switching frequency (GHz) is massively limited making them useless.

  18. Just like the teracubes by superpulpsicle · · Score: 5, Informative

    In 1995, there was alot of talk about a glass cube that can store a terabyte of data. This technology was expected to be around the market by 2005. Where is it now?

    Exactly. Like 90% of the great technical innovations they either don't make it for political reasons. Or heavily delayed for an eternity. Scary part is, Doom III will probably come out after this stuff.

  19. Carbon-based...machines?? by skidoo2 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I think it's very interesting that as we get closer to being able to reproduce the capabilities of human intelligence, we consistently return to the basics of our 7th-grade Life Sciences classes (apologies for the American-centric illustration).

    Carbon, carbon, carbon....

    For (another) example, eyes are made of carbon.

  20. A good use for C02 by bishop32x · · Score: 3, Funny

    Finally a good use for all this stupid carbon! Get out of the atmosphere and into my computer!

  21. Re:Backup WHAT, sherlock? by veg_all · · Score: 2, Funny

    Slashdot user? yes? That's good. Then there's little chance of any body cavity being, as you put it, "bumped."

    --
    grammar-lesson free since 1999. (rescinded - 2005)
  22. ooo, so that was longhorn about! by GNUALMAFUERTE · · Score: 2, Funny

    I have been hearing about that thing about this new m$ os that will be fast and you will be able to open more apps, now i see how!!, just take windoze, an old version obviously, XP would be still to heavy, say, NT 3.51, and run it in a machine with about 50 Gb of ddr, and if you add it proper fast scsi disks so it can swap out all the time, and there you go!, you just got unix like performance on a windowish os!!!, ups, well we still has to get ride of that bsod, we'r working on it guys :)

    --
    WTF am I doing replying to an AC at 5 A.M on a Friday night?
  23. Uses for Carbon Nanotubes? by Crypto+Gnome · · Score: 2, Interesting

    And people these days think that Fossil Fuels are the result of a few million years of pressure and heat transforming Dead Trees.

    In fact all these "fossil fuels" we keep burning are the decomposition of a once well-known and essentially pervasive vastly superior technology. Technology which we're only now beginning to open the doors to.

    --
    Visit CryptoGnome in his home.
  24. My prediction... by Saeed+al-Sahaf · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Or even maybe implant it in your body.

    My prediction is that the first high-tech consumer product implants will be cell phones. But this does raise interesting questions about producing reasonably sized implant electronics for blind and deaf people, as well as other human systems failures.

    --
    "Who are in control, they are not in control of anything - they don't even control themselves!" - Glen Beck
  25. And The Race Is On by Nom+du+Keyboard · · Score: 4, Funny
    And the race is on to see which arrives first:

    1: Vastly more memory at much cheaper prices.
    -or-
    2: Such draconian DRM/DMCA/**AA lawsuits/Product Activation woes/SCO lawsuits/stupid Congressional actions and the like such that there is nothing left to put in said memory.

    --
    "It's the height of ridiculousness to say for those 9 lines you get hundreds of millions."
  26. Rule of thumb - don't quote fools. by willy_me · · Score: 3, Informative
    You're assuming that a 64bit cpu will use a 64 bit wide address for memory access. Actually, most don't. I belive 42bits is the common size.

    For a RISC cpu, each word contains an instruction. The address is embeded inside that instruction. With 64bits, this leaves you with a 22bit command and a 42 bit address. The maximum memory addressed is then 2^42 bytes - or four terabytes.

    The advantage of doing it this way is that the entire memory space can be addressed in a single instruction - no complex addressing schemes are required. Simple is good.

    You don't belive me - check the literature on the G5, located here. (See page 7)

  27. So when... by ThusandSuch · · Score: 3, Funny

    does the 150,000 Gig iPod come out?

  28. Great for storing all those fingerprints by otprof · · Score: 2, Funny

    Just in time! They are going to need some serious capacity to store HQ images of fingerprints belonging to millions of the world's terrorists.

  29. So how long? by PetoskeyGuy · · Score: 3, Interesting

    until they can encode the human genome in something close to the size of the human genome?

  30. Other research in this area by nissin · · Score: 5, Interesting
    First off, congratulations to all involved on this achievement. They barely beat the research group I am a part of at Caltech, which is working on the same sort of thing. Our chip is in fab right now, returning in a month or so.

    Information on the Caltech research can be found here.

  31. Bad Acronym by Dorf+on+Perl · · Score: 5, Funny

    Just thought I'd point out that CNT makes a horrible acronym. No wonder materials engineers can't get dates, going on about all the really tight CNTs they're growing in the lab...

  32. These aren't nanotube transistors. by erp6502 · · Score: 3, Informative
    TFA states that what they've created is a matrix of silicon islands connected by molybdenum MOS transistors to automate batch testing of carbon nanotubes (about 2000 at a time). Yes, they look for I/V curves, but the CNTs are being tested as two-terminal devices (e.g. diodes) not three-terminal devices (e.g. transistors).

    At least, they're not laying claim to it (though you can bet they would like to). Their more modest (!) goal is to characterize the fabrication process in hopes of achieving higher yields of semiconducting (vs. metallic) CNTs.

    There will definitely be a few problems with productization; molybdenum's not something you want to get anywhere near a commercial fab, and that big blob of CNT growth catalyst is a bit of a disaster. But this looks like a very nice bit of engineering.

  33. clean power amp? by CreateWindowEx · · Score: 2, Funny
    The whole point of vacuum tube guitar amps is that the whole signal path is tube--e.g., both preamp and power stage. Most of the nice crunch of a say a Fender Bassman is in the power stages. Furthermore, the interaction between the power amp and the speaker is also important, which is why you typically record a guitar amp with a microphone, not a direct box.

    A low-voltage 12AX7 stuffed into a digital stomp box (with a window and an LED that makes it "glow") does not give you "real vintage tube-amp sound", no matter what the "pros" at Guitar Center might tell you!

    Next up, the Babbage Analytical Engine on a single chip. No need to carry those bulky logarithm tables around anymore, just a really teeny oil can...

  34. Not really a functional nanotube circuit by retro128 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Reading the article, it looks like what they did was build a chip that can detect the types of nanotubes growing on it - conductive or semiconductive, with the nanotube actually being grown on the chip itself.

    This research is a nanotube manufacturing method, not nanotube circuit fabrication.

    --
    -R
  35. Key to low cost == Bulk chemical processes by G4from128k · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I'm surprised that the Berkeley people grew the tubes on the semiconducting substrate (and skeptical that this is the way to go). Unless I am misreading the article (always a possibility), they have created a very expensive way to evaluate only thousands or millions of tubes per manufacturing cycle. I would think that the real key to low-cost nanotube circuits is to use bulk chemical processes.

    Using bulk chemical processes, one might grow a big batch of nanotubes, harvest them, sort them by size (centrifuge), chemically modify them to have certain electronic properties (i.e., attach functional groups to the surfaces or tube ends), and sort them electrochemically (perhaps with eletrophoresis). I can envision any number of interesting bulk chemical processes that simultaneously modify, test, or sort nanotubes. These bulk processes would yield batches of trillions or quadrillions of near-uniform, high-quality semiconducting nanotubes with each cycle of the process.

    And instead of using lithographic techniques (printing an accurate pattern of circuits on a wafer), I would expect nanotube circuits to be chemically deposited using self-organizing chemical films. These self-structured films can have feature dimensions far smaller than anything semiconductor maker can fabricate. The only need for lithography is at the edges -- creating an interface between the macroscopic off-chip interconnects and the nanoscopic fields of nanotube memory zones.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
  36. Not really integrated CNT transistors... by Mister+Attack · · Score: 4, Informative

    ...not in any computationally useful sense, anyway. Now, I'm not knocking this research, because it's a great way to make a bunch of nanotubes and examine them quickly (much faster than the usual process of making nanotubes, decorating a surface with them, hoping some of them line up with the traces you've deposited, etc.) -- but the fact remains that this is still basically an aleatoric process. You grow a bunch of nanotubes, and you know that some of them are going to be your nice metallic armchair nanotubes, some are going to be your nice semiconducting zigzags, and some are going to be junk. We don't have any way of controlling what type of nanotube we want to grow yet, nor do we have any way of getting yields high enough to make a traditional microprocessor. Right now, maybe 10 percent of the "transistors" you make out of molecules actually act like transistors. Since your Athlon is junk if even a few of its transistors or interconnects go bye-bye, and even Teramac didn't try to run with 90 percent of its transistors failed, it is clear that nanotubes for desktop-type computation are way out on the horizon.

  37. What about Nantero? by luwain · · Score: 2, Interesting

    This article has the researchers at Berkeley claiming to be the "first ever" to report success in integrating nanotubes with integrated circuits. What about that company Nantero which claims a propriety nanotube memory chip design ( NRAM ), developed by Dr. Thomas Rueckes (who got his PhD in chemistry from Harvard).They have venture capital ( from Charles River Ventures, Draper Fisher Jurvetson, Stata Venture Partners, and Harris & Harris group). Their web page (www.nantero.com) claims, " Dr. Rueckes' pioneering design takes advantage of these unique properties while cleverly integrating nanotubes with traditional semiconductor technologies for immediate manufacturability." This makes it sound like they may have a product "real soon now". Are the guys at Berkeley not aware of the work done by these "Harvard guys"? Is this an "East Coast" vs. "West Coast" rivalry? or is it just academics not being aware of what's going on commercially? or is Nantero trying to "pull a fast one" and really aren't as far along in developing "NRAM" as they imply?