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The Disposable Computer

sp00 writes "A disposable paperboard computer has been developed and is already in use in Sweden. Developed by Cypak AB, the paperboard computer can collect, process, and exchange several pages of encrypted data, the company says." Pretty impressive, given that they say it has a mere 32K of memory.

44 of 358 comments (clear)

  1. 32K?! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Jeez, no one would ever want to buy that underpowered machine! Give me 640k, and we will talk. ;-)

    1. Re:32K?! by ackthpt · · Score: 5, Funny
      Jeez, no one would ever want to buy that underpowered machine! Give me 640k, and we will talk. ;-)

      Oy! Yer spoilt! I used to program in 32K and I liked it!

      Why, some of the finest programming and games I've ever seen fit in 32K. It's all slop nowdays. Widgets, buttons and things thag go Bing! and need 256 MB to do it in.

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    2. Re:32K?! by Mipsalawishus · · Score: 5, Funny

      But does it run Linux???

    3. Re:32K?! by still_sick · · Score: 4, Interesting

      A few months ago I pulled out my old TRS-80 and the classic "Dungeons of Daggorath" (you pups have no idea what you're missing). It certainly struck me hard that in the instruction manual it specifically states that your system must have AT LEAST 5K of memory to play the game. Mad respect to all the trailblazers who managed to write kick-ass games under those restrictions.

      --
      ...Also, I didn't know Buggalo could fly.
    4. Re:32K?! by KronicD · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Yeah, i know what your talking about, i'm in a programming principles class at uni and i was quite pissed off when he said theres no reason to use byte, short or int anymore since all machines have memory to spare we should store every variable as a long.

      I think this attitude is whats causing much of the bloat situation now days.

      --
      "Those who would give up Essential Liberty, to purchase a little Temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety"
    5. Re:32K?! by MoreBeer · · Score: 5, Funny

      It's called a Fire Hazard.

    6. Re:32K?! by flappinbooger · · Score: 5, Funny

      Ok, im imagining it ... Looks sorta like a library?

      --
      Flappinbooger isn't my real name
    7. Re:32K?! by Urkki · · Score: 4, Informative
      • i was quite pissed off when he said theres no reason to use byte, short or int anymore since all machines have memory to spare we should store every variable as a long.

      Well... For most current computers, long takes as much space as int, 32 bits (or 64 bits for 64 bit CPUs). And for any individual variable, it'll take at least that amount of memory even if it's 1 bit bitfield (not sure if common x86 compilers by default pack variables to take less space if they can, though).

      So using anything else doesn't really gain you anything in space, but it may well hurt you in peformance (and code re-use).

      Bloat comes from copy-paste coding, and slowness comes from incorrectly chosen data structures and algorithms. This all arises from poor design, so for example the programmer is often faced with decision to change entire existing code to make some piece of it more generic, or copy-pasting that piece and modifying it a bit to fill the new need.
    8. Re:32K?! by zero_offset · · Score: 4, Informative

      Speaking as a programmer whose first programming experience was Z80 assembly with 4K of RAM, I had to seriously revamp my thinking in recent years, but basically 32-bit processors work significantly better with 32-bit values. Also, except when memory is statically allocated and you've forced the compiler to pack memory allocated to your variables, that carefully considered allocation of a single byte is going to take up 32 bits of actual memory anyway, because once again, the CPU can access it that way significantly faster.

      In a nutshell, if you use a byte, short, or int, you're slowing down the machine. The only good reason to optimize to that level is when you're expecting memory problems, and as your professor pointed out, that is rarely a consideration these days (especially when you add modern paging techniques to the vast amounts of available physical memory).

      The more interesting question is the chicken-and-egg angle on runtime bloat -- did RAM increase because users needed it to run steadily ballooning applications, or did applications get bloated because cheap-as-dirt RAM meant end user machines had memory to spare? (I suppose both are probably true... which would be a bizarre conclusion if we were actually talking about chickens and eggs...)

      --

      Slashdot quality declines as the number of hot grits posts decreases. - Provolt's Law, Apr-09-2005

  2. Obligatory BillG Reference by oldosadmin · · Score: 5, Funny

    Who needs more than 32k of memory anyway?

    --
    Jay | http://oldos.org
  3. a mere 32K of memory by the_other_one · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I remember when a 32K Commodore PET was a cool thing.
    If they print double sided could they emulate a Commodore 64.
    In a few more years ... Just imagine a cluster .... in a three ring binder.

    --
    134340: I am not a number. I am a free planet!
    1. Re:a mere 32K of memory by MotherInferior · · Score: 4, Interesting

      These guys don't need no stinking 32K. They work with only 4K.

    2. Re:a mere 32K of memory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting
      According to this history of ARPANET,

      The network started to become a reality on August 30, 1969, when BBN delivered the first Interface Message Processor to Leonard Kleinrock's Network Measurements Center at UCLA. The IMP was built from a Honeywell DDP 516 computer with 12K of memory.

      Makes 32k sound postively roomy!

    3. Re:a mere 32K of memory by n3k5 · · Score: 5, Funny
      In a few more years ... Just imagine a cluster .... in a three ring binder.
      Exactly, you'll be able to double the memory capacity by punching holes in the right places.
      --
      but what do i know, i'm just a model.
  4. If it crashes... by Tebriel · · Score: 5, Funny

    If I get Windows running on this thing (with 32k!) and I get a BSOD, do I just throw it away and get a new one instead of a reboot? Or even better, could I mail it to MS and ask for a new one?

    --
    The Blaster Master Fighting for Truth, Justice, and Evil Pie since 1979
    1. Re:If it crashes... by LostCluster · · Score: 5, Funny

      Microsoft is saving time... their paper computers will be made out of blue construction paper.

  5. Nothing new... by CrashPoint · · Score: 5, Funny

    A computer you use for a few days and then throw away? Hell, Dell's like twenty years ahead in that market.

  6. Finally... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    ..a computer I can actually wipe my ass with when I get pissed at it.

    1. Re:Finally... by cujo_1111 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Cleaning the screen will be a real bitch then...

      --
      If I point out that you are incorrect, making me a foe does not make you any more correct.
  7. $$$ for recycling by Supp0rtLinux · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So what's the payout for collecting pounds of these and returning them to my local recycling center?

    The difference between disposable and classic is age. My three year old PC is disposable. My 15 year old PC is a classic and goes for $9,000 on Ebay.

    The only thing necessary for Micro$oft to triumph is for a few good programmers to do nothing". North County Computers

    1. Re:$$$ for recycling by Anonymous+User+2000 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The difference between disposable and classic is age. My three year old PC is disposable. My 15 year old PC is a classic and goes for $9,000 on Ebay.

      The difference between disposable and classic isn't just age, but period. Your 15 year old computer is worth someting because it was one of the first of it's kind. If you try to sell the computer you own today 15 years from now it wont be worth crap.

  8. Re: Disposable Computer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Imagine....a Beowulf cluster of these!
    *sigh*

  9. Article Text by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative
    It Had To Happen: The Disposable Computer
    March 4, 2004 (11:40 a.m. EST)
    By W. David Gardner, TechWeb News

    A disposable paperboard computer has been developed and is already in use in Sweden. Developed by Cypak AB, the paperboard computer can collect, process, and exchange several pages of encrypted data, the company says.

    "Initially, it will be used in industrial-specific applications as an enhanced and secure RFID device," said Cypak marketing director Strina Ehrensvard in an email. "Today, in pharmaceutical and courier packaging as a data-collection device; tomorrow maybe for interactive books, lotteries, passports, and voting cards."

    With just 32 Kbytes of memory, the paperboard computer's functionality is somewhat limited at present, but the firm believes its future will be broad. Cypak has entered into an agreement in the U.S. with MeadWestvaco Healthcare Packaging, which has marketing rights to the product and technology in the Americas.

    Ehrensvard said the device is currently in use in a trial sponsored by a Swedish university involving compliance monitoring of pharmaceutical packaging. The trial tracks when a medicine tablet has been taken out of a package; it is then placed on a Cypak scanner connected to a PC on which the information can be viewed and stored. Ehrensvard said the paperboard computer is being considered in another healthcare application, as well: doctors would use it to help authenticate the administration of pharmaceuticals.

    The Cypak product utilizes RFID technology that is based on printable sensors and electronic modules. The components are integrated on a variety of products, ranging from packaging and plastic cards to adhesives. In healthcare applications, Cypak says the paperboard computer time-stamps medicine dosages, which can be integrated with a patient's electronic diary. It can deliver sound reminders, too.

    Cypak has also developed a companion device--a smart card with an integrated numerical keypad. The firm expects this to be used initially in applications demanding high security. By entering a unique PIN on a card, a user can connect to the Internet and exchange data. Cypak says the card's encryption can't be copied or broken, enabling it to deliver "military-class security."

    "The paperboard computer concept and the PIN-on-Card are the same core technology--components integrated in different products," Ehrensvard said. "They exchange information to a PC with the same reader."

    Cypak offers the components on an OEM basis for about $1 each. The firm added that OEM components for its readers are available for approximately the same price in large volumes.

    The firm has developed a tamper-proof package technology with the Swedish Postal Service. Called SecurePak, the packaging technology stores sender and receiver relevant data and alerts receivers of any possible package tampering before the package is opened.

    Cypak will demo the products at the CeBIT 2004 exposition, in Hannover, Germany, later this month.

  10. Beowoof? Bah! by tloh · · Score: 4, Funny

    Forget about clustering, I want to see someone overclock one of these without the thing smoking and going up in flames!

    --
    Stay sentient. Don't drink bad milk.
  11. Excellent! by nmoog · · Score: 5, Funny

    Now I can use my disposable cell phone to dial up and post my photos from my disposable digital camera and ask disney why I cant find anymore disposable dvds.

    Oops. Better get back to work. Else no disposable income.

  12. REAL Notebook computers. by Chr1s-Cr0ss · · Score: 4, Funny

    Well, it seems we will finally be able to refer to something as truly a "Notebook computer"

    --

    68.3% of all statistics are made up on the spot.
  13. I need this by Saint+Stephen · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Somebody help me: I keep my todo/dates, todo/tasks, books/want, books/have, tidbits in a plain Unix text file and I maintain it with a text editor and print it using a2ps -2. My life fits in two columns landscape mode.

    Whenever I need it, I print it, at a cost of 17 cents on my inkjet. When I need to update it, I simply use a pen and "sync" at home later.

    I can fold it, put it in my pocket, access the data randomly instantly, and easily add graphics or test with a 0% error rate. However it gets expensive at 17 cents per sync.

    All I need is a little bit of memory (32k) and a read-only display screen, super-tiny, and cheap as hell. If America wasn't ass-backwards, I'd just SMS the stuff to my cell phone.

    As an employee at Microsoft I had TWO of the top of the line PocketPCs : I played quake on them, wrote some C programs, and put them away as toys. I need to do WORK, as a technical person, not a salesman. All I need is digital paper.

    What can I use?

  14. 32k is more than I dreamed of a few (25) years ago by rcpitt · · Score: 5, Interesting
    32K is a lot of RAM. It's enough to do a fairly useful voice recognition system, or word processor, or even spreadsheet.

    I know - because that's how much RAM my Radio Shack Model 1 had after I'd purchased the add-on module and populated it with the extra 16K of RAM (the main module could only handle 16K) and before I pushed the limits by moving to 48K.

    Note that the module plus 32K extra RAM (to bring the system to 48K) was about $2,000 Canadian at the time.

    This is not insignificant - at least not if you've ever used something other than Windoze ;)

    --
    Been there, done that, paid for the T-shirt
    and didn't get it
  15. New excuse for not doing homework by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    "My dog ate my computer sir"

  16. OH MAN by sudotcsh · · Score: 4, Funny

    Cypak says the card's encryption can't be copied or broken...

    AH HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA! ...

    AH HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA HA!

    *whew*! I needed that.

  17. Is it allowed to call itself a "computer"? by LostCluster · · Score: 4, Interesting

    There are devices marketed as calculators that have more than 32k of memory these days...

    High-end wristwatches are starting to behave like low-powered computers with a small black and white pixel-based display, the beeping speaker, and ability to accept wireless input. We're not calling those computers, just "smart watches".

    So, this really is more about "smart paper"... paper with a few chips in it and therefore the ability to beep. Only a small upgrade over the musical greeting card. :)

    1. Re:Is it allowed to call itself a "computer"? by rebelcool · · Score: 4, Interesting

      back in the 1940s, a "computer" was a young woman who sat in front of an adding machine punching in numbers. It was actually quite awhile before the electronic machines came to be known as 'computers'. I'm sure many early designers would laugh at the thought of their complicated multi-ton kilowatt consuming monstrosities being named after the job a 19 year old girl did.

      What it is called depends on its use. You don't call a PDA a computer do you? Even though it clearly is one.

      If this device is in fact used for computing, then it is in fact, a computer.

      --

      -

  18. Chip specs by nmoog · · Score: 5, Informative
    Theres some intersting specs about its S2C chip on the Cypak website:
    8-bit microprocessor
    32kBytes non-volatile FLASH memory with >10 years of data retention.
    2kBytes Static RAM
    It also mentions using 128bit AES encryption, with RSA under development.
    1. Re:Chip specs by Kris_J · · Score: 4, Informative
      That's quite similar to the Atari 7800, if anyone wants any idea of how complicated the software can be for it.

      I wonder how many you can talk to simultaneously if they're all in a pile. What's the RAM footprint for the D.Net RSA core?

  19. Beowulf book by NoDoZ · · Score: 5, Funny

    wouldn't a beowulf cluster of these.. be a book?

    1. Re:Beowulf book by rholliday · · Score: 4, Funny

      So then, would the book be "Beowulf?"

      I can see it now. The first virus will be called "Grendal ..."

      --
      Xbox reviews.. We think they're funny.
  20. Good for distributed computing, I bet. by infernow · · Score: 5, Funny
    (I apologize in advance for this one)

    They're probably great at running Folding@Home.

    --

    that that is is that that is not is not

  21. It was Steve Jobs by DynaSoar · · Score: 5, Interesting

    "Who would ever want more than 16K?" He said it to Woz when Woz was designing the Apple II. Woz wanted to put socketing for 16, 32 or 48K on the motherboard, as opposed to the 16K limit of the Apple I. Jobs was also against the color capabilities. Woz built them in anyway.

    When Jobs hoisted the pirate flag and built the Mac, he specifically left out expandability and color on purpose. It wasn't because of technical considerations, as the Apple IIgs was in design at the same time as the Mac. It was computer design by temper tantrum.

    --
    "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
  22. Windows? by JohnGrahamCumming · · Score: 4, Funny

    Perhaps they can get it to run Windows, sell them on rolls and I'll be able to wipe my butt with Microsoft on a daily basis.

    John.

  23. Is this really a "computer" or data storage? by 1iar_parad0x · · Score: 5, Interesting

    ...the paperboard computer can collect, process, and exchange several pages of encrypted data, the company says.

    What do they mean by process? It sounds more like data storage. This is quite different than a computer. What kind of calculations (or computations) can it do?

    All of the examples could easily be implemented on this paper computer with nothing more than a clever encoding scheme and be decoded by a real electronic computer (PDA) with a scanner.

    In short this sound like a new type of ticker tape. The PDA and scanner would be the "Turing machine" (or processor).

    --
    What do you mean my sig is repetitive? What do you mean my sig is repetitive? What do you mean....
  24. Re:Groan by AndroidCat · · Score: 4, Funny

    The main part of the "military-class security", is that you can eat the computer if captured.

    --
    One line blog. I hear that they're called Twitters now.
  25. There must be something seriously wrong by Pan+T.+Hose · · Score: 5, Interesting

    with Slashdot when 95% of Score:5 comments to such an interesting article are "Funny." That having been said, I believe that our community as a whole (id est Slashdot at large) seems to completely lack any professionalism regarding cryptography by writing on the front page that "the paperboard computer can collect, process, and exchange several pages of encrypted data, the company says." which is supposedly 'Pretty impressive, given that they say it has a mere 32K of memory.' Surprise: To "collect, process, and exchange several pages of encrypted data" you don't need million times more memory than said data! Film at 11! What will be "impressive" next? The fact that strong crypto can use only few cycles per byte on general purpose processor? Wow! How impressive! Really? I don't need 4GHz Pentium 5 with 4GB of RAM to "collect, process, and exchange several pages of encrypted data"?

    Give me a break! This article is great news and really worth reading, but for much more important reasons than those that kids today think that you need ten hundred megabytes of ram to encrypt and store ten kilobytes of plain text. I, for one, feel insulted by such article summaries, because everyone who knows that I am a Slashdot user might think that I must be completely incompetent looking at the front page.

    I might only suggest for everyone who wishes to post stories about cryptography to read at least Applied Cryptography by Bruce Schneier first. This is the absolute minimum if you don't want to make an idiot out of yourself. Why cannot we talk about the serious implications of using RFID technology to build this machine instead of posting completely unintelligent jokes in the lines of "Imagine a beowulf cluster of those! It might have 640kB of RAM! Who needs more?" This is stupid at best and insulting at worst. I urge you to start posting insightful, informative or at least interesting posts before it is too late and this discussion is already archived.

    What I am personally most concerned about is how disposable are the active and passive (semi-)conductor elements which are printed on this boards. Does anyone have any experience in disposing them? It is not very clear in the article.

    --
    Sincerely,
    Pan Tarhei Hosé, PhD.
    "Homo sum et cogito ergo odi profanum vulgus et libido."
  26. Flushable by wrmrxxx · · Score: 5, Funny

    Very handy for when the SCO cops show up. Quick, everybody, flush the computers down the toilet!

  27. Jobs was right by dmoen · · Score: 4, Insightful
    When Jobs hoisted the pirate flag and built the Mac, he specifically left out expandability and color on purpose. It wasn't because of technical considerations,

    Yes, it certainly was. The Mac was not Apple's first computer with a mouse and a graphical interface. That was the Lisa, which nobody bought, because it was too expensive. A colour Mac would have required a huge frame buffer in order to provide adequate resolution. The memory costs of this would have pushed the price too high. Also, the 7MHz CPU was not fast enough to draw text and windows on a colour graphics display (again, unless the resolution was too small to be useful).

    And keep in mind that the Lisa, despite its immense cost, was also black and white. So was the Xerox Star (another failed GUI computer that cost too much).

    The Mac was not the first personal computer with a GUI. It was the first GUI computer that was cheap enough for ordinary people to buy. The hardware limitations you mention were necessary to keep the cost down.

    Doug Moen

    --
    I have written a truly remarkable program which this sig is too small to contain.