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Microsoft Found Guilty of Patent Infringement

Spy der Mann writes "Microsoft has been found guilty of patent infringement and ordered to pay a Guatamalan inventor Carlos Armando Amado almost $9m in damages. The US District Court of Central California court ruled that Microsoft had infringed on his intellectual property and ordered it to pay him $8.96m. The patent in question is a method to transfer data between Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access using a single spreadsheet."

54 of 342 comments (clear)

  1. In other news... by Rei · · Score: 5, Funny

    In other news, Guantemala's gross domestic product tripled today...

    --
    Sigur RÃs: I didn't know that Heaven had a rock band.
    1. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Grover Norquist called - he wants his sense of humor back. Now if you'll excuse me, the 80s is calling, and wants its insult format back...

    2. Re:In other news... by MynockGuano · · Score: 4, Funny

      Oh darn, I laughed at it. See, I thought the poster was being facetious, and it therefore struck me as humorous in that it exemplefied the irony of a huge American megacorporation being sued by a small Latin American business on basically their own turf by exaggerating the extent to which Microsoft's own GDP tends to rival entire nations. I feel so dumb now.

    3. Re:In other news... by Rei · · Score: 3, Interesting

      And for comparison, Gates is worth about 40B$ (as of 2003) according to Forbes (and that's a low-end number, from what I've seen elsewhere). In the first quarter of 2004, Microsoft had revenues of 10B$, and had a total market capitalization of around 250B$.

      --
      Sigur RÃs: I didn't know that Heaven had a rock band.
    4. Re:In other news... by CastrTroy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah. I don't understand what world people grew up in that they think that most people make close to $100,000 a year. They don't realize that half the population lives off less than $30,000 a year. I know some people who couldn't survive off that much, and others who would be swimming in money making that much. It's all about understanding how to effectively spend your money.

      --

      Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
  2. Does this mean patents are good? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    So wait, does this mean patents are good now?

    I'm so confused!

  3. Here's the reason ... by spagetti_code · · Score: 3, Insightful

    that MS is firing a few thousand patents a year at the USPTO - protecting themselves.

    You gotta have some sympathy for MS about this.

    1. Re:Here's the reason ... by TWX · · Score: 4, Informative

      "that MS is firing a few thousand patents a year at the USPTO - protecting themselves."

      EEEEH! Wrong! All that they have to do is demonstrate prior art if they're charged with patent infringement. If they can show such then they should be able to win just about any lawsuit alleging wrongdoing. The entire point of a patent is to claim exclusive original rights or exclusive use.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:Here's the reason ... by DoctorHibbert · · Score: 5, Insightful

      All that they have to do is demonstrate prior art if they're charged with patent infringement

      Sorry, but that's simply not the case, as I'm currently serving as an expert witness for a defendant in a patent case. It's not enough to have prior art, you must also convince a jury that you have prior art. Good luck getting a jury of everyday schmoes to understand some complex technical issue.

      You see both sides will have expert witnesses, and they will both say how much they believe they are right. Both sides will spout technical jargon and the juries eyes will glaze over. And the jury will determine the winner based on things like who most likable. So if you can paint yourself as some poor schlub who got ripped off by MS, then the technical stuff really doesn't matter. Really. It's fucking sad, but that's how it works.

      --
      Arbitrary sig
  4. umm... no. by geoffspear · · Score: 5, Informative

    Patent infringement is not a crime, so they were not, in fact, found "guilty".

    --
    Don't blame me; I'm never given mod points.
    1. Re:umm... no. by aussie_a · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Patent infringement is not a crime

      Yet.

  5. WHAT? by halo8 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So.. he patented a way for Microsoft Excel to work with Microsoft Access.. both products that Microsoft makes.

    Then he sued Microsoft???

    I know.. i patent a way for Apple Intel to work with Apple PowerPC, no one would ever think of that.

    --
    The More Knowledge you have the Luckier you Get- J.R. Ewing
  6. I hate Microsoft, but I hate these guys more by Dancin_Santa · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As much as I hate Microsoft, I hate people who think they can use patents to cash in on something after the fact. Rambus did this in its ambush of memory makers. Eolas did this to Microsoft. Intertrust is doing this now to MS.

    These companies sit around and brainstorm ideas without ever coming up with anything tangible, then they receive patents on their broad ideas. With the patent in hand, they can then sue anyone and anything that looks to be infringing. It's really sad.

    At least when IBM or Microsoft or Sun patent something, they have some tangible product they look to implement. The patent leeches just look for traps they can set for big payoffs later on.

    1. Re:I hate Microsoft, but I hate these guys more by Cthefuture · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Software patents suck. I don't care who is trying to use them, they suck. Microsoft is the victim today, tomorrow it could be you.

      It is like patenting how I make my breakfast in the morning. It's just stupid.

      --
      The ratio of people to cake is too big
    2. Re:I hate Microsoft, but I hate these guys more by the+gnat · · Score: 4, Informative

      At least when IBM or Microsoft or Sun patent something, they have some tangible product they look to implement.

      Um. IBM was infamous for filing patents like crazy and then using these to shake down competitors. The worst as called the "fat lines" patent; I think it essentially covered drawing a line twice with a pixel offset. There was a story in Forbes (posted on Slashdot) a few years back about how IBM decided to extort money from Sun for violating the patent. Sun's engineers gave them a lengthy explanation and told them "see, we're not infringing." IBM's lawyers just shrugged and said "We're just going to find something else you're infringing, so you might as well pay us now."

      Gates once remarked (back in 1990 or so) that if the patent situation had always been this bad the computing industry would have been stillborn. He also said that Microsoft needed to get patents purely as a defensive measure. As far as I'm aware, despite Microsoft's generally sleazy business practices they've generally been one of the least vicious and exploitative patent holders.

  7. new business strategy by pintomp3 · · Score: 5, Funny

    i like this idea you are trying to sell us. but it reminds me of something we are already working on. you may leave now, no need to take your folder with you.

  8. Actually, that's in Guatemalan Quetzal by aussie_a · · Score: 3, Informative

    That isn't American dollars. He "only" got $1,166,448

  9. Coming up later in this newscast... by Admiral+Justin · · Score: 5, Funny

    Jackson found innocent, invites school bus full of children to his ranch to celebrate.

    Yahoo decides to give up fight against Google and shifts all it's resources to making small toys for the quarter machines at grocery stores.

    Gnome and KDE finally resolve differences and merge, new name to be KnomE

    Secluded inventor in Guatamala buys entire country a round.

    --
    You will be baked, and there will be cake.
  10. Re:David vs Goliath by 77Punker · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Well, the giant isn't exactly falling. I'm sure that to the winner of the lawsuit, it felt great to get paid loads of money for his patent.

    To Microsoft and the billions upon billions of dollars under their control, however, it's like trying to drain a lake by siphoning it through a straw.

  11. Disappointment? by Halcyon-X · · Score: 3, Funny
    Microsoft expressed disappointment at the verdict

    Why, aren't they usually happy when software patent rights are recognized?

    --

    .sig: Open Source, Open Mind

  12. Re:David vs Goliath by kayen_telva · · Score: 4, Funny

    doesnt bill have that much in his couch ?

  13. Re:MS, good stuff? by aussie_a · · Score: 5, Funny


    Can anyone tell me more about their good/bad experiences regarding IP and Microsoft ?


    Dear rd4tech

    I've had a good experience, and I definitely look forward to future business with them.

    Sincerely

    Carlos Armando Amado

  14. Re:MS, good stuff? by zerbot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    As I pointed out in another comment to another story, among software developers the standard wisdom is, "Get in bed with Microsoft, and expect to get screwed." They have repeatedly managed to extract whatever they want from collaborations or licenses and left the other party wondering how it is that they got nothing.

  15. Indeed. by game+kid · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I'm afraid of making any sort of software, even for fun. If it somehow leaves my PC goes public, someone could notice I made it, dig up some old patent, and sue my ass to Hoboken, New Jersey. This leeching is far worse than file leeching, and it's always sad to see that something intended to advance science and the arts (see Sec. 8, Clause 8) is impeding it instead. If it can happen to "M$" with their many IP/etc. lawyers, it can happen, and cause far worse damage, to us. That's -1, Scary to me.

    --
    You can hold down the "B" button for continuous firing.
  16. WAIT WAIT READ WHAT HE DID, THEN SPEAK by keepper · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Carlos Armando Amado devised a way to connect Excel with Access using a specially crafted spreadsheet during his tenure as a graduate student at Stanford University. After applying for a patent in 1990, Mr. Amando approached Microsoft to license the software, but was denied.

    Microsoft then used the same exact method.

    Now, while i totally disagree with the idea of patents like this... It changes the story a bit doesnt it?
    Heh, after all this is slashdot.

    1. Re:WAIT WAIT READ WHAT HE DID, THEN SPEAK by Dancin_Santa · · Score: 4, Insightful

      How does it change anything?

      Microsoft built a suite of integrated Office applications with built-in functionality that allows seamless transfer of data between the apps. Amado uses the built-in functions to do exactly what those features are designed to do, receives a patent from the braindead patent office, then tries to present his "discovery" to the people who invented the thing in the first place.

      There's nothing to understand here except that Amado's idea was exactly why Microsoft put those features into the applications in the first place.

      If this doesn't push Microsoft to patent every single thing they ever do or plan to do, I don't know what will. How can they protect themselves from these fleas? The only way is to hold those patents.

      These types of lawsuits are what is leading to the demise of intellectual property, not the other way around. It is when people abuse the system by applying for things that are either obvious or developed by someone else that this type of lawsuit occurs.

      I hope Amado is happy with that money because he doesn't deserve it.

    2. Re:WAIT WAIT READ WHAT HE DID, THEN SPEAK by cicho · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It does, but only superficially. What about that "specially crafted" spreadsheet? Exactly how did he "craft" it? By entering a bunch of formulas or macros? They may have been complex and they may have been non-obvious and they may even have been ingenious. But unless he hand-hacked the bits of the 'sheet, it seems to me he just used existing features built into the software. Even as software patents go, this is sick. He should never have been granted a patent for this.

      --
      "Only the small secrets need to be protected. The big ones are kept secret by public incredulity." - Marshall McLuhan
    3. Re:WAIT WAIT READ WHAT HE DID, THEN SPEAK by Alsee · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If this doesn't push Microsoft to patent every single thing they ever do or plan to do, I don't know what will. How can they protect themselves from these fleas? The only way is to hold those patents.

      Your logic is invalid. Patenting stuff in no way defends you against getting nailed for patent infringment. If this guy came up with it first (which the court ruled he did) then Microsoft COULDN'T have patented it, and filing for other patents in no way helps Microsoft against this. If Microsoft had come up with it first, it STILL wouldn't matter if they patented it or not. Either this guy whould not have been able to patent it, or Microsoft could have gotten the patent tossed out as invalid simply by producing reasonable records documenting that they did it first.

      The *only* time patents are useful for "defense" is if you can actually file a counter suit... and you could-have / should-have filed that "counter" suit even if you have never been sued in the first place. You could-have / should-have sued to obtain the money you were owed anyway. Moreover "defensive" patents are usless against "fleas" because the fleas is not offering any product themselves and therefor not infringing any patents at all.

      The problem here is that the US SCREWED UP in REVERSING established patent law and EXTENDING patents to software. Math / logic / calculations / mental steps are not inventions.

      If patents are going to cover software, well this guy's patent is valid. In fact this guy's patent is better than half the software patents out there. Better than many of the patents Microsoft is getting.

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
    4. Re:WAIT WAIT READ WHAT HE DID, THEN SPEAK by Alsee · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Even as software patents go, this is sick.

      No, as far as software patents go this is about pretty average.

      What about that "specially crafted" spreadsheet? Exactly how did he "craft" it? By entering a bunch of formulas or macros?

      In other words ordinary programming. What you are pointing out is that he happened to do it in a spreadsheet programming language. No different than programming in C or machine language or perl or PHP. And yes, spreadsheet programming language generally is a univeral programming language capable of absolutely anything you can program in any other language. If you can program speach recognition software in C then you can program it in spreadsheet language. It will merely run more slowly in a spreadsheet.

      This is exatly why programmers are almost univerally opposed to software patents. They directly SEE that it is the exact same thing, that programming in ANY computer language is no different than filling in equations in a spreadsheet or writing a complex math equation on a sheet of paper. If one is patentable then they all are. Any program is nothing but a fancy math equation. Numbers come in, you do a long list of basic math steps, and numbers go out.

      *If* software is a patentable invention, *if* doing math calculations is a patentable invention, well.... then this guy has a perfectly valid patent.

      he just used existing features built into the software

      Just like any programmer writing in BASIC or any other language is just using the "existing features built into the [compiler or interpreter] software". It's merely writing instructions in a different language to be run on top of a different host system. No difference.

      This is why software patents are fundamentally broken.

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
    5. Re:WAIT WAIT READ WHAT HE DID, THEN SPEAK by Steeltoe · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So why is Microsoft pushing for software patents in Europe and USA?

      They deserve no sympathy, and besides, adding value to existing implementations is all the patent system is about. You cannot invent something in vacuum, it HAS to be built on top of existing technology.

  17. Re:Poetic Justice. by ajs · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Poetic justice?! Hardly!

    The only good that could come of this would be the remote chance that it could convince MS that software patents are a terrible idea and prod them into backing Red Hat and Oracle's push to reform patents in the US and Europe.

  18. Re:David vs Goliath by BarneyRabble · · Score: 5, Funny

    Sorry, the giant tripped over a giant turtle and spilled some cash.

  19. Sad state of affairs. by ArielMT · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As much as I hate the company and its products, and believe me I do, this is a case that should've either been thrown out or used to nullify the patent. Instead the judgement strengthened the concept of software patents and non-novel patents, which in turn strengthens Microsoft's position as a monopoly, for a sum of money that's just barely half a single day's take.

    --
    It must be Windows. It needs half a gig of RAM and a hardware-accelerated graphics card just to run Solitaire.
  20. 7.5 days by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 3, Informative

    seeing as no one can push them around at their own game

    If I ran the numbers right, based on their third quarter earnings this will set Microsoft's profits back 7.5 days. That's profit, not revenue.

    That worked out to $329/second, or about $40 grand by time Slashdot will let you post another comment.

    --
    My God, it's Full of Source!
    OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
  21. Microsoft gets sued for using Microsoft products by MMaestro · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Microsoft invents Microsoft Excel.
    Microsoft invents Microsoft Access.
    Guatamalan inventor patents method of transferring data between the two programs.

    Does that make any sense to you? Guy didn't invent either program. He's not some disgruntled ex-Microsoft programmer out to get his just dues. He's not some super, uber-leet programmer who came out with "Carlos's Excel" or "Carlos's Access" years before Microsoft did and simply didn't succeed due to lack of marketing. This is some Joe Nobody who filed a broad, vague patent that the courts were stupid enough to uphold.

  22. Re:Erm, actually, it's not by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative
    (Don't know if OP was trying to be funny, but mods characterized it as "+4 informative," so...)

    No, we use U.S. Dollars, even for civl awards here in Ahnuldh's Cal-eee-fonya.

  23. Unfortunately if you look by mcc · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Unfortunately if you look you'll notice that as the number of frivolous patent lawsuits against Microsoft has gradually increased over the last few years, Microsoft's response has been... to suddenly start filing a whole bunch of patents. Lots of patents. Even more than before. And making a big deal in the press about patents and how important they are. And making a big deal to Europe about why they need software patents. Whereas before software patents was something they didn't really give much public indication of caring about one way or the other.

    Microsoft obviously isn't doing this for protection, since the only people who've been suing Microsoft have been tiny parasite IP companies-- the kind of people who a patent shield is useless against. Instead it almost kind of seems to me like Microsoft is brushing off the patent judgments like an elephant swatting flies with its tail, but meanwhile going "wait... you mean patents can be used for evil? Interesting...", as if even though the lawsuits may sting a little they don't mind so much because it's given them some ideas of their own.

    I hope to whatever Gods may or may not exist that this is just my overactive paranoid imagination.

  24. Like little children... by Saeed+al-Sahaf · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Like most things at Slashdot, there is a double standard at play here. In other words, the Slashdot fanboys are not as pue as they like to think of themselves as. If it's bad for MS, it's good "just because". Pay backs, you know? Like little children...

    --
    "Who are in control, they are not in control of anything - they don't even control themselves!" - Glen Beck
    1. Re:Like little children... by dnixon112 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Wrong.

      The reason it's 'a good thing' is because the more small companies, in some cases companies who are little more then patent whores, can successfully sue the big companies who actually have a say in government policy the better chance we have of reforming the patent system. If this ruling leads to more and more ridiculous rulings costing MS and other big companies millions upon millions of companies, hopefully it will get to the point where the people in power will be hit hard enough in the pocket book to finally have the motivation to change software patents.

    2. Re:Like little children... by NoMoreNicksLeft · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yeh, the same double standard that says landmines are always bad, but that we can ignore temporarily if say, Pol Pot gets one accidentally stuffed up his ass.

      Oh wait. That's not a double standard, that's just us cheering when bad things happen to bad people. Whooddah thunkit?

    3. Re:Like little children... by Darby · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If it's bad for MS, it's good "just because". Pay backs, you know? Like little children...

      No, if it is bad for a criminal monopolist who bought their way out of any punishment whatsoever for their knowingly illegal actions then odds are it *is* good for everybody (are you seriously saying criminals should never be punished for their crimes?).

      That is the adult idea that people should be responsible for their actions combined with an honest approach to the attitude that honest people being able to have any sort of recourse to the law without billions of dollars in their pocket is an absolute good thing.

      So it has nothing at all to do with your spoutings, does it?

    4. Re:Like little children... by Alsee · · Score: 4, Informative

      Hardly.

      The highest rule is that we all have to live by the same rules.

      There is nothing wrong with:
      (1) Saying a certain rule is bad and should be changed
      *and*
      (2) Appreciating the JUSTICE of someone being forced to face the consequences of supporting a bad rule

      I say Microsoft should not get hit with software patents - ON THE SOLE CONDITION THAT NO ONE GET HIT WITH SOFTWARE PATENTS.

      Microsoft supports software patents and they have absolutely no right to complain or play the victim when the very rule they support comes and bites them in the ass.

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  25. No. by Saeed+al-Sahaf · · Score: 4, Insightful
    The reason it's 'a good thing' is because the more small companies, in some cases companies who are little more then patent whores, can successfully sue the big companies who actually have a say in government policy the better chance we have of reforming the patent system.

    No. What will happen is that big companies that have influence over government policy will lobby to have the bar raised so high that small patent holders ("whores", as you say) will not be able to prove a case in the first place.

    --
    "Who are in control, they are not in control of anything - they don't even control themselves!" - Glen Beck
  26. You did't get it by xbsd · · Score: 5, Informative

    So.. he patented a way for Microsoft Excel to work with Microsoft Access.. both products that Microsoft makes. Then he sued Microsoft??? I know.. i patent a way for Apple Intel to work with Apple PowerPC, no one would ever think of that.

    You didn't get it:
    1. The guy came up with a technique to interact with Access and Excel while doing graduate studies and gets a patent.
    2. He approached Microsoft Corp. in the 90s and offered them his patent. Microsoft rejects the idea and say they're not interested.
    3. About the same time, Microsoft adds the same technique to his products, makes a great deal of it and gets millions in revenue.
    4. Then, and only then, the guy went to court, proved that he was the first to come up with the technique , proved that he approached Microsoft, proved that he showed it to them before they ever thought about it and then gets a fair amount of money.

    I don't support software patents, but if Microsoft is promoting that nasty game, they have to obey the nasty game's rules.

    1. Re:You did't get it by xbsd · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Sounds a lot like the claims SCO claimed against IBM. I suppose you're SCO's bitch too. This patent is a joke.

      Dude, seriously, try to read once in a while before insulting people. Every software patent is a joke. This is not about the merits of a particular patent, this is about proving a deliberate attempt to profit from someone else's ideas when those ideas have been previously patented, and that makes a huge difference between this guy vs. Microsoft and SCO vs. IBM. SCO has no evidence nor argument whatsoever.

  27. This is ridiculous. by cfalcon · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Basically, it went like this:

    Microsoft obtains software product A.
    Microsoft obtains software product B.
    Microsoft begins making them work together.
    Guy beats Microsoft to market.
    Microsoft continues making their products work together.
    Guy sues Microsoft, wins millions for being first to patent obvious method made "novel" by the fact that it works on those confusin' new computers.

    This would work against Linux.

    This crap would work on anything.

    Microsoft did *NOTHING* wrong here. They didn't steal his stuff or anything. They just made their own products work together. It probably wouldn't even have been an issue if Excel and Access had been marketed under the same freaking product name.

    Ludicrous.

    1. Re:This is ridiculous. by palndrumm · · Score: 3, Funny

      if Excel and Access had been marketed under the same freaking product name

      Microsoft Excess? Sounds oddly appropriate...

    2. Re:This is ridiculous. by Alsee · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Microsoft did *NOTHING* wrong here.

      Sure they have. Not only do they actively support and defend this sort of patent as valid, they are actively pressuring and extorting other countries to change their laws to make this sort of patent valid.

      As far as software patent go, this one is pretty typical. He wrote some software to transform data in a new and useful way. He merely wrote it in spreadsheet programming language rather than BASIC or C or perl.

      I agree this should not be a valid patent - NO software patets shoudl be valid. But so long as Microsoft wants a FUBARed patent system then they deserve what they get when they are forced to live inside that system.

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  28. Not exactly felled by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 3, Insightful

    $9M to Microsoft is less hurt than you dropping a penny.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
  29. i wanna go home! by jspectre · · Score: 3, Funny

    apple goes to intel!

    microsoft found guilty of patent infringement!

    i've woken up in bizzaro world!

    --

    abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

  30. Correction by blincoln · · Score: 3, Informative

    5,293,615, 8 March 1994

    His last name is spelled differently, but this appears to be the one. I was an Amiga user in 1990, but this sounds like basic database/spreadsheet usage to me.

    --
    "...always new atoms but always doing the same dance, remembering what the dance was yesterday." -Richard Feynman
  31. Re:Microsoft gets sued for using Microsoft product by UnknowingFool · · Score: 3, Informative
    Microsoft invents Microsoft Excel.
    Microsoft invents Microsoft Access.
    Guatamalan inventor patents method of transferring data between the two programs.

    I don't know if you remember 1992, but back then, you couldn't get Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word to talk. Believe, I tried. I was going to college back then and for one of my engineering classes, I tried to embed an Excel spreadsheet into Word. The spreadsheet has come complex calculations in it and I didn't want to type in the values by hand. Eventually I had to save Excel as text and then open that up in Word. So this getting two MS programs to interact was non-obvious.

    --
    Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
  32. Re:Great idea! by UnknowingFool · · Score: 4, Informative
    2) Sit on your invention and never plan to market it
    3) Let someone else use your invention and keep quiet

    RTFA, after he invented and applied for a patent, he approached MS with it. They declined to buy it. He was awarded the patent. He claims that MS used his patent. When he found out, he sued.

    --
    Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
  33. Uhh, they were not an integrated suite of products by gosand · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Microsoft built a suite of integrated Office applications with built-in functionality that allows seamless transfer of data between the apps.

    Bzzzzzzt. They were not an integrated suite in 1990. They were separate products. What allowed them to be integrated into a suite? Maybe ideas like the one this guy patented and Microsoft infringed upon.

    --

    My beliefs do not require that you agree with them.