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IBM Slows the Speed of Light

dptalia writes "According to an article on ZDNet, IBM has come up with a way to slow light to 1/300 of its normal speed. While this has been done in laboratories before, IBM has found out how to do this using standard materials, which opens the possibility of mass production. This means that the dream of having optical based CPUs may be closer than previously thought." From the article: "When the optical conversion might start to occur is a matter of speculation. Luxtera has said it will start to commercially produce products in 2007. The computer industry, however, tends to move slowly when it comes to major overhauls of computer architecture. Several components will have to be developed before photons can replace electrons inside computers. A paper providing details on the chip will run in Nature on Wednesday."

63 of 365 comments (clear)

  1. Nothing new by JavaNPerl · · Score: 5, Funny

    This is not new, my city has been slowing down light for years, particularly red lights they can't seem to apply the same technology to yellow or green lights though.

  2. Research Paper by pmike_bauer · · Score: 3, Funny

    Research Paper Title:
    How to Slow the Speed of Light Using Common Household Items.

    --
    I read /. for the (Score:-1, Conservative) comments.
    1. Re:Research Paper by Spy+der+Mann · · Score: 5, Funny

      Research Paper Title:
      How to Slow the Speed of Light Using Common Household Items.


      by Angus MacGyver, Ph. D.

    2. Re:Research Paper by DrFrob · · Score: 5, Informative
      How to Slow the Speed of Light Using Common Household Items.

      Step 1: Pass light through any medium which is not a complete vacuum.

      That's it!

    3. Re:Research Paper by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Just attempt to pass light through an opaque object.

      Then the speed of light is zero!

  3. How about speeding it up, now by CheshireCatCO · · Score: 3, Funny

    I'm waiting for the day when we can raise the speed of light so we can go faster. Futurama predicted it'd be in 2508, but I'm hoping we get there sooner.

    1. Re:How about speeding it up, now by ajdowntown · · Score: 3, Funny

      me, I am waiting for "bachelor chow"

      mmm, mmm, that'll be good!

    2. Re:How about speeding it up, now by SatanicPuppy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm not sure this technology can be pushed in that direction...Doesn't seem like they're so much slowing it down as making it take more time to get from point A to point B...fine distinction I know.

      But since light traveling in a vacuum isn't really being impeded by anything, I don't know how we could speed it up, except maybe by finding some way to "flatten" the waveform without destroying it.

      --
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    3. Re:How about speeding it up, now by geoffspear · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Of course you don't know how we can speed it up. If you did, you'd be celebrating your Nobel Prize instead of posting on Slashdot.

      That hardly proves that it can't be done; people used to see no way that a plane could possibly go faster than sound.

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    4. Re:How about speeding it up, now by ifwm · · Score: 3, Informative
    5. Re:How about speeding it up, now by Famatra · · Score: 2, Informative

      >> I'm waiting for the day when we can raise the speed of light so we can go faster.
      > I'm not sure this technology can be pushed in that direction

      Let us hope that the speed of light cannot be changed as it is vital to the operation of the universe as we know it. For example, the fine structure constant of the universe (alpha) depends on the speed of light, and if the f-s contstant changes since c changes then funny things could happen, like electron having too much energy to orbit an atom, or fusion no longer occuring in stars.

      There is also talk about the speed of light changing in the past, being faster than today and it could be slowly slowing down. If this were true then life might no longer exist in the far future given the effects of the changes in constants that depend on c. The link is an article from Scientific American about the possibility that physical constants (like light) aren't constant after all.

    6. Re:How about speeding it up, now by CheshireCatCO · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Actually, the sound-barrier analogy is misleading. For the speed of sound, people KNEW that things could exceed that speed long before we got planes to do it. The issue was one of technology: could we build a plane to withstand the stress?

      For the speed of light issue, it's a different. If you believe Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity, you just can't exceed that speed. At least not if you start below light speed and remain in this universe. There's a very clear physical law that prohibits this, not a concern about technology being up to the task.

      Of course, the law might be wrong. Or there may be ways of side-stepping it. In fact, I'm giving a whole planetarium talk this very evening on that very issue.

    7. Re:How about speeding it up, now by theguyfromsaturn · · Score: 2, Informative

      Apparently, the speed of light when the zero point energy is lower (as between the two plates generating the Casimir effect) the speed of light is higher than the speed of light in vacuum at normal zero point energy levels.

      http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/research/warp/wa rpstat.html

      --
      I like my dinosaurs feathery, and my pterosaurs hairy (or is it pycnofibery?)
    8. Re:How about speeding it up, now by Jamu · · Score: 2, Insightful

      In this case though it might be a case of people not seeing how something can go faster than a maximum speed. The alternative to a maximum speed is an infinite speed. Special Relativity can be seen as a consequence of the existance of a maximum speed in nature (and widely regarded as an accurate one). Any inertialess (massless) particle, like light, would travel at this speed. So, in other words, the maximum speed is that of light in a vacuum.

      Now consider what anything faster would imply: It either implies that the maximum speed doesn't exist (inertialess particles travel with infinite speed) or that the maximum speed is higher (and therefore light must have some inertia).

      Also, and as far as I am aware, it's impossible to measure changes in the speed of light. Regardless of what it is; all physical effects remain identical. Consider that any measurements using meters and seconds will always agree with a constant value because we define the speed of light and don't measure it. The assumption here is that there is nothing in nature that can provide a better benchmark.

      --
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  4. It's been a long time by P3NIS_CLEAVER · · Score: 2, Funny

    That is the best-written synopsis I have seen in a while. And posted by ZONK no less!

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  5. Does this mean by RandoX · · Score: 5, Funny

    I have to change the speed of light from a const to a variable now?

    1. Re:Does this mean by Dashing+Leech · · Score: 5, Informative
      I have to change the speed of light from a const to a variable now?

      Joke aside, it's always been a variable. It changes depending on the medium it's traveling through. 'c' is just the speed of light in a vacuum.

    2. Re:Does this mean by dpilot · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I know you're giving a serious response to a joke, but it makes me come up with an even further off the wall, but still serious, response...

      Which vacuum?

      In physics, there seems to be the possiblility of other vacuum states than the one we happen to have in our observed Universe. Since this is Slashdot, it's worth mentioning that science fiction has at least 2 books where the concept of alternate vacuum states plays a plot-driving role, "Schild's Ladder" by Greg Egan and "The Forever Peace" by Joe Haldeman.

      But I wonder what the value of C would be in these alternative vacuum states...

      --
      The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
    3. Re:Does this mean by kalirion · · Score: 2, Interesting

      As I understand it, traveling through a non-vacuum medium doesn't slow down the true speed of light. The light just bounces around a bit on it's way to the destination. The reason it takes the light longer to get from point A to Point B is that it actually covers more ground. Think of it as taking the scenic route.

    4. Re:Does this mean by jeffasselin · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Your first statement (that our consciousness creates the universe), that I believe is correct, doesn't imply the second.

      The problem is that our creation of the universe is apparently restricted by limits that are intrinsic to it and necessary in order for that creation of the universe. Among those is the fabric of space-time which is necessary for perception to occur, and thus for specific consciousness to exist.

      --
      If he explores all forms and substances Straight homeward to their symbol-essences; He shall not die.
  6. Teenagers love slow light by mandreko · · Score: 5, Funny

    Millions of teenagers will love it if light gets slowed that much. It could give them time to zip up their pants when their mom walks in the room wondering what she heard coming from the computer.

    1. Re:Teenagers love slow light by spellraiser · · Score: 2, Insightful
      You haven't thought this all the way through.

      When the speed of light gets slowed down, so does the delay between an image appearing on a computer monitor and it hitting the retinas of the observer of said monitor, much to the dismay of the aforementioned teenagers.

      As if waiting for the download to finish weren't boring enough ...

      --
      I hear there's rumors on the Slashdots
    2. Re:Teenagers love slow light by bertramwooster · · Score: 2, Informative

      You are not thinking this through. If light slows down, then you will be able to "see" into the past. So when the mom walks in, she will be able to "see" what happened a moment ago.

  7. Slowing? by b100dian · · Score: 4, Funny

    I bet they are slowing it down to leave room for overclocking! :P

    --
    gtkaml.org
  8. Next on the to do list: by scolby · · Score: 5, Funny

    Slow down the speed of a Steve Ballmer-thrown chair.

    1. Re:Next on the to do list: by C0rinthian · · Score: 3, Funny

      deeeevvvveeeellllloooopppppeeeeerrrrrrrsssssssss.. ..!

  9. Doing it easy by JonGretar · · Score: 3, Funny

    Well... I guess this is one way to achieve faster than light travel. Guess it's easyer to just use the old car but slow everything else down. ;)

    1. Re:Doing it easy by oni · · Score: 2, Informative

      I guess this is one way to achieve faster than light travel.

      I know you're joking but just in case anyone doesn't understand, you can't actually slow light down. When light passes through a medium, glass for example, the atoms in the glass absorb the light and then re-emit it. So, an atom on the outside edge of the pane of glass absorbs a photon and then reemits it, then the next atom in the glas absorbs it, and so on until the light emerges from the inside edge of the glass. The total trip time for light was greater than c/distance, but no actual photon was ever slowed. It's like when a packet goes through a router. On the other side of the router, you get electrons - just not the same electrons.

  10. A useful app? by harrkev · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Can somebody please give me a useful application for this?

    Generally, in computer chips, the hard part is speeding them up. Slowing things down is easy. What does this new tech buy us?

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    1. Re:A useful app? by Gothmolly · · Score: 5, Informative

      It allows you to build chips using light, at speeds for which we can reasonably design things, and interface them with things at small fractions of C. The benefit to the optical chip is power and heat, which means you can pack more chips in, which means you can make a faster computer.

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    2. Re:A useful app? by whit3 · · Score: 4, Informative

      There are multiple uses for a slowed signal; you can combine it with the un-delayed
      signal and make filters, like is done with SAW filters (but those use surface acoustic waves,
      and are not silicon-compatible). You can also make some kinds of shift register
      VERY simply by sending the signal out into the delay and picking it up when you
      need it. And a delay of a clock signal often makes a computer more reliable (designing
      high speed compute devices, this is OFTEN a vital consideration).

      The split/multiple delay/combine scheme for (for instance) radio signals is
      a very powerful tool, and is why a complicated-looking antenna can work
      so well. And, why a rabbit-ear antenna can take a lot of tweaking to
      get your idiotbox to receive Red Green.

      For major processing of data, it was common practice in the old days to tweak the
      interconnect wiring to make the correct time delay. Seymour Cray reported (of the
      Cray-1 supercomputer) that the interconnect in the central core of the computer
      was hand-wired by (slender women) assemblers who used cut-to-measure lengths of
      twisted pair, so that all the signals had the appropriate settling time before the clock
      arrived and latched the data. The computer was a cylindrical hole with draped wiring
      all over its interior, with spokes out that housed the cooled ECL logic modules.

      To keep the Cray quick, the cylindrical core was as small as feasible. The assemblers
      knew a LOT of the common computer language of their profession, i.e. profanity.

  11. Microsoft? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    IBM? Hrm. I'm a little surprised -- who else would've expected Microsoft to be the industry leader in making things go slower?

  12. Experiment of the millenium by Chairboy · · Score: 5, Funny

    I'm looking for an optical processor that can do math at point 5 lightspeed. I expect this will be of particular assistance in my thesis project of calculating how fast a certain type of falcon can run. In the past, when trying to figure this out, I've had to hold the bird with a pair of grippers that would keep slipping out of my hands, and by the time I'd be done, I would have gone through maybe nine or ten pairs.

    With a faster processor, I hope to do the Kestrel run in less than 12 forceps.

    1. Re:Experiment of the millenium by whopis · · Score: 5, Funny

      Next thing they should work on slowing is the speed at which jokes fly over your head.

  13. Re:Nature who? by geoffspear · · Score: 4, Informative
    Well, considering Nature always has a publication date on Thursdays, I'm guessing the article summary is just wrong.

    but yes, there's a link. Your full-text access may vary.

    --
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  14. The Apocalyspe Nears... by Kuad · · Score: 3, Funny

    First IBM starts offering Solaris as an OS choice. Now they've slowed the speed of light.

    Who else is waiting for a skinny guy on a pale horse to ride across the sky?

  15. Re:Bottlenecks.... by Karma_fucker_sucker · · Score: 3, Funny
    What happens if we overclock it?!

    The light will go into ultra-violet and possibly plaid!

    --
    Evil people don't think they're evil. - George Lucas, Making of Ep III
  16. Good news / Bad news by Rorschach1 · · Score: 4, Funny
    The good news is we can have processors that run at the speed of light.

    The bad news is that the speed of light is now roughly 18 miles per hour.

  17. Re:Great! by JonGretar · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Actually no... Most of the time the light would still be operating on the good old light speed. But for it to work in computers you still would have to slow it down in places and even stop it. For example to let another beam of light to pass before it can go through.

    Another practical use of using light would be the possibility of smaller size and less energy usage.

  18. Re:A matter of compatibility by electroniceric · · Score: 4, Interesting

    We have optical hard disks, and they are a hella of a lot slower than magnetic ones. The optics we're talking about here are for moving the signal around the machine (and over the network) after it's been read from the media.

    My guess is that there are still some nasty snags awaiting even making a serious optical router, much less producing it commercially. I'm betting more on 2012 than 2007. Hell, even LongVista won't be out by 2007.

  19. Have the IBM engineers been to the Discworld? by Ken+Hall · · Score: 5, Informative

    Every Pratchett fan knows that light slows down if you apply a strong Magical field...

    Light thinks it travels faster than anything but it's wrong. No matter how fast light travels it finds the darkness has always got there first, and is waiting for it.

    - Reaper Man

  20. Slowing the speed of light by thewiz · · Score: 4, Funny

    IBM has actually found two more ways to slow the speed of light:

    Subject photons to their software development process.

    Put photons through the government procurement process.

    --
    If "disco" means "I learn" in Latin, does "discothèque" mean "I learn technology"?
  21. Return of the "Turbo" button! by supun · · Score: 5, Funny

    Now IBM can run at 1/300 speed of light for the "normal" mode and at the speed of light for the "turbo" mode!

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    :w!
  22. The fertile grounds for the new flame war by PierceLabs · · Score: 4, Funny

    countdown to the "Speed of light performance myths", "temporal over clocking", and bootleg computer makers using the lightbulbs from easy bake ovens as processors.

  23. I must be missing something... by rewt66 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    If I'm using light in a CPU, why do I want to slow it down? Is there some reason why I really want to decrease bandwidth and/or increase latency?

  24. Re:Time is relative by Philip+K+Dickhead · · Score: 5, Funny

    I have been wondering why I don't seem to be ageing as fast, these past months. Now, Slashdot informs me that IBM has slowed down the speed of light, and this is all beginning to make sense!

    That "time is relative" comment. Boy! Truer words were never said. Waiting for the next slashdot story - the hours go by like minutes, as I hit F-5, over and over again! Then, when called into my manager's office - to discuss my productivity "problem" - just the opposite.

    Just wonderin'. Do all you guys like cheese?

    --
    "Speaking the Truth in times of universal deceit is a revolutionary act." -- George Orwell
  25. What's the dispersion for this? by G4from128k · · Score: 5, Informative
    Synthesizing a high index of refraction is cool, but if the dispersion (the variation of that index across wavelengths) is non-zero, then this can make a mess of modulated signals. Dispersion means that signals at slight different wavelengths run at different velocities and arrive at different times at the output.

    The higher the dispersion, the lower the practical bandwidth of the device.

    --
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  26. Special Relativity by LukaFox · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It doesn't seem like the speed of light is really being "slowed down." Rather, the time it takes photons to travel a certain distance is being increased by the use of a device which scatters photons and also by means of electric fields. This is just like saying that light travels "more slowly" through certain media. Really, what I think is happening is that there is a delay when a photon is being absorbed into a certain medium before being able to pass through it. So, it seems that light slows down, but really the delay is caused by the interference of the medium and the speed of the actual photons is constant.

    1. Re:Special Relativity by rca66 · · Score: 2, Informative
      Rather, the time it takes photons to travel a certain distance is being increased by the use of a device which scatters photons and also by means of electric fields. This is just like saying that light travels "more slowly" through certain media. Really, what I think is happening is that there is a delay when a photon is being absorbed into a certain medium before being able to pass through it. So, it seems that light slows down, but really the delay is caused by the interference of the medium and the speed of the actual photons is constant.

      Yes, and all this is usually summarized by the notion "speed of light in medium".

    2. Re:Special Relativity by LukaFox · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yes. The point was that there needs to be a distinction made between "speed of light" and "amount of time it takes for light to travel a certain distance."

  27. General Purpose Light Based CPUs Are Stupid by HydroCarbon10 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The wavelength of an electron is extremely tiny compared to the wavelength of light. This means that feature sizes for light based chips are necessarily much larger than those for electron based chips. Barring some advancement that allows us to pack more functionality per unit area into an optical chip, optical computing will remain a very niche field.

    --
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  28. Nature podcast by rune.w · · Score: 4, Informative

    The latest Nature podcast has an interview with one of the researchers working on this: http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/index.html

  29. Re:Nature who? by magarity · · Score: 3, Funny

    A paper providing details on the chip will run in Nature on Wednesday
     
    I was thinking nevermind how the new chips run in nature, I want to know how well they'll run locked up in my server room.
     
    Chips of the wild! Coming soon to a safari near you!

  30. Re:Implications on Quantum Computers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    I wrote an article for today's Wired News on IBM's discovery (along with another recent photonics discovery from Stanford) and asked a number of scientists whether this "slow light" chip might have applications for quantum computing. The sense I got was that, generally, slow light may indeed come in handy for a photon-based quantum computing system. But since it's a room-temperature, silicon-based chip (read: LOTS of quantum noise), it doesn't seem likely that this particular slow light environment would be qubit-friendly.

  31. Re:Occurring naturally? by Pryon · · Score: 2, Informative

    If this can be done using "standard materials", as the article mentions, one wonders if our calculated estimates of distance to stars could be off, considering all the unknowns outside the solar system.

    Generally, the speed of light is used only for "close" objects. For objects outside of the solar system, other properties are used including parallax, spectral type, and luminosity. None of these properties depend on the speed of light. Here is an informative link on methods used at various distance scales.

  32. Re:Advantages? by CardiganKiller · · Score: 3, Insightful

    In the same way that Jesse Owens with a twisted ankle is faster than Fat Albert.

  33. Re:Speed of light. by rca66 · · Score: 2, Informative
    Naturally, the more often photons are absorbed, the slower the photons move *on average*. Really though, whenever they're moving, they're moving at c.

    It is not that light is "really" made out of some particles called "photons", you can look at it as a wave phenomenon as well. Neither Newton nor Huygens were right about the nature of light. Just reducing light to a bunch of particles is a simplification. It's not, that your explanation is wrong, one is just not forced to choose the particle picture. And if you look at it as a wave and measure its group velocity, you can call it the speed of light. If you are in a situation where you could be misunderstood, you may add "in (a specific) medium". What is constant is the speed of light in vacuum.

  34. But what's the point? by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 2, Insightful
    OK of course I have not RTFA because that's cheating, but I don't see the point.

    We want optical computers because light is fast. Now we slow light down. So doesn't that just defeat the whole exercise?

    I guess there's going to be a lot of overclocking.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
  35. Re:Involves a testable theory by sgent · · Score: 3, Insightful

    which is science. Blind postulates are not.

  36. Re:Occurring naturally? by AndreiK · · Score: 2, Insightful

    No, it's just a standard measurement, it uses the constant c, which is the speed of light in a vacuum. It doesn't matter if the light moves faster or slower between the two objects, the distance remains constant.

  37. Re:Great! by baadger · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Most of the time the light would still be operating on the good old light speed. But for it to work in computers you still would have to slow it down in places and even stop it. For example to let another beam of light to pass before it can go through.

    I don't quite see where you're getting this idea from. It's a bit barmy to imagine current electonic processors firing two lines at the same time and then having an 'electron traffic light' to let one signal pass by making another wait. This may sound like a switch but it's not, because at no point are you actually 'stopping' electrons. If you don't produce a voltage your electrons aren't going to move in a current, so you haven't stopped them because you never fired them to start with. As i'm sure you realise, in digital electronics data transmission is acheived by voltage state. Changing state from 0 to 1 happens because you apply a voltage, and 0 to 1 because you stop applying it. With photonics, the equivalent must be turning the source on and off?

    It may be beyond my knowledge of physic's but slowing down light within an optical processor (to better interface with other devices or traditional electronics or whatever) sounds like an alternative to having light signals running at a lower frequency (more time spent in each state so peripherals can spot signals). Slowing down light and introducing a delta velocity surely means we need a way to buffer light, much like a capacitor stores charge?

  38. Just route them thru FEMA by jpellino · · Score: 2, Funny

    That'll slow'em down.

    I guess this also means the tollbooth trick didn't work the way it did in Rock Ridge...

    --
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  39. Re:Great! by hyc · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Bingo. Today we have chemical batteries of all kinds for storing electricity. We have nothing to store photons. How will optical processors be supplied with photons to do their work? LEDs? What device will be controlling the LEDs to make them turn on and off at the high frequencies needed to produce useful pulses of light? Transistors? What will be so special about those transistors that lets them switch the LEDs on and off at sufficiently fast frequencies, that we wouldn't just use those transistors for electrical logic signaling in the first place?

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