Slashdot Mirror


New Evidence in Historical Cannibalism Debate

An anonymous reader writes "ScienceNOW is reporting that a team of scientists led by Geneticist Jaume Bertranpetit has called into question findings from an earlier study of human prion diseases. The first study, led by John Collinge of University College London, stated that the existence of a gene that codes for prions was a result of a "balancing act" that had kept it in the gene pool for so long. The balancing act was supposedly due to widespread cannibalistic practices in human history. The new report suggests that their results were skewed because of low frequency variations known as 'ascertainment bias.'"

51 of 165 comments (clear)

  1. ok... by Unknown_monkey · · Score: 2, Funny

    so we were cannibal's children, now we're not.
    Let's throw both research teams into the pot!
    It's really the only way to test this theory.

  2. that's 'ascertainmanet' by KeeghanMacAllan · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...but the mainstream news media will continue to utilize the cannabalism story due to their 'entertainment' bias

  3. Another /usr/{games,bin}/fortune wisdom by fionbio · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for you are crunchy and good with ketchup."

    1. Re:Another /usr/{games,bin}/fortune wisdom by EngMedic · · Score: 4, Informative

      that should be, more properly, "Do not meddle in the affairs of Dragons, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup". It's a take on the tolkien quote "do not meddle in the affiars of wizards, for they are subtle, and quick to anger".

      --
      filter: +3. Hey, look! all the trolls went away!
    2. Re:Another /usr/{games,bin}/fortune wisdom by Redwin · · Score: 2, Insightful

      In a discussion about cannibalism maybe "Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup" is more appropriate. Alternativly "Do not meddle in the affairs of psychiatrists, for you are crunchy and taste good with fava beans" might be even more topical. :-)

      --
      Warning, comments may not have been passed by the sanity department of my brain.
  4. Zork by quokkapox · · Score: 4, Funny
    I was in fourth grade when I first played with the Zork triology of text-adventure games on the C-64.

    An innocent kid and budding geek, I tried feeding novel combinations of nouns and verbs to the primitive parser.

    I tried "EAT LAMP"... got back "You can't eat the lamp." "EAT BREAD"... "That was delicious."... Etc.

    I tried "EAT ME". I couldn't comprehend why my dad, who had just bought the game for me and was supervising over my shoulder, started laughing so hard.

    Several years later I finally understood why he laughed even harder when the computer responded:

    "Auto-cannibalism is not the answer."

    You can mod this offtopic, but those 1983 game designers had a real sense of humor and subtly implemented it in 64KB.

    --
    it's a blue bright blue Saturday hey hey
    1. Re:Zork by quokkapox · · Score: 3, Insightful
      If I could remember the password for my account (which I haven't been able to do for about five years now), and had karma, I would give it to you.

      How touching. Karma is meaningless here, when you can be denied mod points forever simply because you criticized the editors.

      --
      it's a blue bright blue Saturday hey hey
    2. Re:Zork by zephc · · Score: 5, Funny

      > LOOK
      You see a lamp.
      > LOVE LAMP
      Do you really love the lamp, or are you just saying it because you saw it?

      --
      "I would say that 99 per cent of what my father has written about his own life is false." - L. Ron Hubbard Jr.
    3. Re:Zork by quokkapox · · Score: 4, Interesting
      I'm replying to my own parent modded Troll.

      Yeah, I'm trolling within my own thread. What purpose would that serve? The moderators are on crack.

      --
      it's a blue bright blue Saturday hey hey
    4. Re:Zork by Edward+Kmett · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Infocom managed to implement it to run in such tight memory constraints because they designed all their games to run in a virtual machine (the Z-machine), and provided it with the ability to page in and out sectors of data from disk. They then compiled the code from a high level language Lisp-ish language on a nice big mainframe, and only had to code directly on the various microcomputer platforms enough code to run the virtual machine. Thats why Infocom games can consistently across so many platforms, despite widely varying architectures and space contraints.

      They didn't view themselves as having 64k to work with which in the C-64 case they had to share with 16k of roms and a display buffer, etc. They viewed themselves as simply paging data out of a much larger virtual machine. Even Zork 1 images weigh in between 94k and 123k IIRC. Some later Z-machine images were considerable larger.

      This is also why all those silly little 'write your own Zork in BASIC' games that people published in Compute's Gazette, etc. never were as cool as Zork. They just didn't have the architecture to scale that well.

      Yes, this is off-topic.

      --
      Sanity is a sandbox. I prefer the swings.
    5. Re:Zork by yfkar · · Score: 3, Funny

      Auto-trolling is not the answer.

    6. Re:Zork by Reverend528 · · Score: 3, Funny
      Several years later I finally understood why he laughed even harder when the computer responded

      That's pretty slow. Even by Commodore standards.

  5. The other white meat by i_should_be_working · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Few taboos are stronger than cannibalism. It's no surprise then that a study published 2 years ago created quite a stir by claiming that modern humans harbor a genetic signature suggesting our ancestors engaged heavily in the practice.

    I don't see why. Just because something is taboo now doesn't mean it always was. I wouldn't be bothered too much if I found out for certain that my ancestors were cannibals. It's not like that reflects poorly on me or my society. Every culture used to do some weird/nasty/mean things at some point.

    1. Re:The other white meat by floamy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yeah. And it's not even culture. This was so long ago that it was just the history of the species.

    2. Re:The other white meat by Lucas+Membrane · · Score: 4, Funny

      There's enough evidence from diverse places to support a guess that human cannibilism has persistently been more than an occasional or incidental vice -- evidence like human proteins found in petrified human feces. It's now clear that many of those pictures of early men and beasts found on cave walls were actually fast-food menus.

    3. Re:The other white meat by quokkapox · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Every culture used to do some weird/nasty/mean things at some point.

      Exactly. We should only consider to be "taboo" those practices that are taboo across all cultures everywhere. Anything taboo that can be generalized is probably really worth avoiding, because if most every human is averse to it, it's likely to be bad for our survival. We should pay attention to our universal instincts.

      --
      it's a blue bright blue Saturday hey hey
    4. Re:The other white meat by zakezuke · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Every culture used to do some weird/nasty/mean things at some point.

      While every culture has things in the past it's done it's not proud of, cannibalism may not be as horrid as it sounds. If for example the society becomes sustainable it would make sence that something would need be done about it. Could be no more than self-sacrifice, some form of lottery, or simply the need to waste nothing. Or it could be one fell on a tribal hunt, the beast got away, and the wish of the fallen comrade was for the tribe to survive the winter. You might think it would be less cruel to for example eject individuals from your tribe for the sake of the whole, you would have to know the conditions of the outside enviroment and their perception of it to judge whether they were being cruel or kind. If we are talking a pre-copper age culture, I think I would rather die at home quickly than being left half eaten beign picked apart by the crows. If we are talking the copper/bronze ages expelsion might have been a kinder solution. At least a person could have some basic armor and a weapon, even a horse. It's silly to put things into moral context when no one needs morality when there isn't enough to eat.

      Cannibalism is a total taboo today, we are wise enough to understand it's not a typicaly healthy habbit. But in it self it's neither evil or immoral. We probally get this belief from those who discovered this age old taboo was simply unhealthy and assumed some sky-god / earth-god was punishing us.

      --
      There is no sanctuary. There is no sanctuary. SHUT UP! There is no shut up. There is no shut up.
    5. Re:The other white meat by anicholo · · Score: 2, Funny
      Every culture used to do some weird/nasty/mean things at some point.

      Yup, except mine, of course.

      --
      We are The Atheists. Lower your egos and surrender your beliefs. Resistance is futile.
    6. Re:The other white meat by SillyNickName4me · · Score: 2, Interesting

      People had tools and also hunting weapons way before the bronze age. Those were made of stone and wood, but quite effective.

      The two main advantages of metal tools are weight and durability.

      Stone tools however can be made easily by a single person, while you more or less need 2 people in order to refine ore and melt metal and forge a metal tool using pre-historic technology (try to get the fire hot enough alone, it can be done probably, but it is going to be pretty difficult, and this assumes that the right ore is available to begin with)

      It is pretty easy to make a flint blade that is sharp enough for shaving, while it is pretty difficult to do the same with metal when using pre-historic technology, so effectiveness of stone tools is really not a problem when compared to primitive metal tools.

      if an outcast would be provided with some basic weapon and tools, he might initially be off better during the bronze age, but as soon as his blade gets damaged he'll have to fall back on stone tools anyway, and may well lack the experience to make them efficiently.

      So, in the end I would say that a stone age human may actually have a slightly better chance on survival as an outcast.

    7. Re:The other white meat by Belseth · · Score: 5, Funny
      It's now clear that many of those pictures of early men and beasts found on cave walls were actually fast-food menus.

      In related news Morgan Spurlock has decided to do a new documentary where he will eat nothing but MacDonalds employees for 30 days.

    8. Re:The other white meat by burne · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Every culture used to do some weird/nasty/mean things at some point.

      Cannibalism isn't weird/nasty/mean in many cultures. Many cultures have cannibalistic rituals for other reasons. Papuas eat the brain of their elders to keep their wisdom and experience as part of their heritage, just as an example. Others eat brains of defeated enemies to steal their warcraft. No taboo, obviously.
    9. Re:The other white meat by Randall_Jones · · Score: 5, Insightful

      We should only consider to be "taboo" those practices that are taboo across all cultures everywhere.

      First of all, you use the term "taboo" in your proposed definition of taboo. That never makes for a helpful definition.

      Second, your statement can either be taken to mean: if it's not forbidden in all cultures, then it's ok to do. Which means if you can find one culture that did not forbid, say, rape or murder or child molestation (which you probably could do), we should change our laws so as to stop discouraging these misunderstood "non-taboo" practices.

      I doubt you mean anything that dumb, right? In which case you must be trying to distinguish between "taboo" and "immoral", where "taboo" means maladaptive and forbidden across cultures, and "immoral" is questionable but non-maladaptive behavior that should still be discouraged. Otherwise you've inadvertantly made yourself a NAMBLA advocate.

  6. I don't care by Firehed · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...what the scientists tell me about my genes. If I'm hungry and you look tasty, get running, unless you have an offering of a loaded baked potato or appropriate substitute.

    --
    How are sites slashdotted when nobody reads TFAs?
  7. to be honest.. by Combas · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It doesnt really matter that much to me if my ancestors did a little canibalism, or even a lot for that matter. After all Im pretty sure that somewhere down the line some or perhaps even a lot of my ancestors engaged in equally terrible things to survive or perhaps even took part in them without "survival" really being an issue.

    These thoughts dont exactly delight me.

    However they dont really frighten me either.

    To me all this article really says is that genetics is more complicated that we are currently able to understand and goes a lot deeper than just decoding a genome. One scientists sees some data and comes to a conclusion, another scientist looks at the same data a couple years later and reaches the opposite conclusion.

  8. obligatory futurama quote by dancingmad · · Score: 5, Funny

    (You knew it was coming)

    Fry: "My God! What if the secret ingredient ... is people!"
    Leela: "No. There's already a soda like that. Soylent Cola."
    Fry: "Oh. How is it?"
    Leela: "It varies from person to person."

    --
    "There is no time, sir, at which ties do not matter," Jeeves, (Jeeves and the Impending Doom)
  9. Okay but how skewed? by SmallFurryCreature · · Score: 3, Insightful
    The article is just a bit over my head but I don't think it says how wrong the original conclusion was just they think cannabilsm was not as common as the previous study suggested.

    But how much? Did we eat each other daily? Weekly? On special holidays? It can't have been to common anyway. If you eat more of a food source then is grown your run out. or put another way. Even if you farmed humans you would be hard put to serve baby more then once per year. Presuming of course that factory farming is really a recent invention.

    Anyway wasn't cannabilism more ritual then food source? Eat the X of a vanguished enemy to gain his X. God forbid to think what the chinese would serve after the battle.

    Oh well whatever the truth just don't accept an invitation to the donner party. Or board an airplane with an Uruguayan rugby team. Well unless you are feeling peckish.

    --

    MMO Quests are like orgasms:

    You may solo them, I prefer them in a group.

  10. National Geographic Article by Quirk · · Score: 4, Informative
    A National Geographic article from 2003 presents arguments from both sides. Cannibalism Normal For Early Humans?

    Somewhere in the dusty recesses of the library stacks I came across writings that suggested many early northern european peoples practised cannibalism as was evidenced by the skulls of victims being halved to get at the brains. The National Geographic article suggests modern cannibals fed the brains to women and children as less desirable, but, for examples, grizziles feeding on migrating salmon will feed exclusivley on the brains once their initial hunger is sated.

    My culinary perversion only extended to a one time feeding on beef tartare. I kinda liked it.

    --
    "Academicians are more likely to share each other's toothbrush than each other's nomenclature."
    Cohen
    1. Re:National Geographic Article by johansalk · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Culinary perversions? Are you saying you never ate brains? Brains are a delicacy in many cultures. Well, not human brains, but lamb and calves' brains and such. The French eat them, the Arabs do too, and many such mediterranean and mideastern cultures. I ate them when i was a kid, they tasted good, though now i wouldn't. Many cultures still preserve their rural traditions from times of ancient scarcity, for example, in England they still eat this thing made of congealed pigs' blood, called black pudding. Now that is something I could never stomach. It's part of that incredibly unhealthy, clot-inducing concoction called a Full English breakfast.

    2. Re:National Geographic Article by Muhammar · · Score: 2, Informative

      I used to eat fried brains when I was kid and the stuff was served to me. (It tastes just like chicken...no, realy, tastes a lot like scrambled eggs - but brownish. It has an aftertaste that I find disgusting.)

      In real authentic Mexican taquerias, you can get 100% beef brain tacos - they call it sesos.

      --
      I doubt that we will ever figure out - and I suspect that even if we did figure out we couldn't do much about it
  11. I once knew a girl who... by crazyphilman · · Score: 4, Funny

    I once knew a girl who liked to be eaten.
    Once, twice, thrice she'd entreat me,
    Eat me, she'd say, eat me, EAT ME!
    And so I would; on the lass I'd dine.
    Now, you'd think that a strapping young girl would taste,
    Like beef, or lamb, or pork at least.
    But I tell you, this hot young lass of mine,
    always tasted like fish, each and every time.

    --
    Farewell! It's been a fine buncha years!
    1. Re:I once knew a girl who... by crazyphilman · · Score: 2, Funny

      Oh, no, you didn't...

      --
      Farewell! It's been a fine buncha years!
  12. Gives new meaning to by l33tlamer · · Score: 3, Funny

    Baby back ribs

    --
    If I can do it, its probably not worth doing... probably
  13. another by heavy+snowfall · · Score: 2, Funny

    Man is the only animal that can remain on friendly terms with the
    victims he intends to eat until he eats them.
                                    -- Samuel Butler (1835-1902)

  14. You knew it was coming: part deux by todd10k · · Score: 5, Funny

    two cannibals are eating a clown. one turns to the other and says "does this taste funny to you?"

    1. Re:You knew it was coming: part deux by proxy318 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Two canibals are eating appetizers at a party. One says to the other, "I don't know about you, but I'm having a ball."

      --
      Saying your "phone ran out of batteries" is like saying your "car ran out of gas tanks".
    2. Re:You knew it was coming: part deux by knitting+fool · · Score: 2, Funny

      Two cannibals are sitting around a fire eating. One says to the other, "Gee, I hate my mother-in-law." The other replies, "Well, try the potatoes."

      --
      -- Give us your technology and we'll give you all the cow lips you want.
  15. It's good to know by ddx+Christ · · Score: 3, Interesting
    It's good to know that research was carried out and the findings were against the first team's concerning cannibalism. If anything, it'll spark a bit of competitive research to further analyze the results and perhaps bring us closer to what the genes and their variations really represent. According to the article, there could be bias present because the first team didn't analyze all 22 variations, which is fairly important in the context of evolution.

    Nevertheless, perhaps we'll see an article in the future to see the conclusion after more comparisons between the two papers and further research. It's an interesting topic, to say the least.

  16. Cannibals? by khellendros1984 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Johnny, eat your Steven. It's good for the gene pool....or not...

    --
    It is pitch black. You are likely to be eaten by a grue.
  17. There are no universal taboos. by jotaeleemeese · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Because taboos are mostly irrational attitudes, the ways each culture chooses to be irrational are different and varied.

    That is not to say that some taboos may not be rooted in some practical fact, but more often than not they are nonsense.

    --
    IANAL but write like a drunk one.
  18. Cannibalism: because one has to eat? by Jerry+Smith · · Score: 2, Interesting
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_%22Sawney%2 2_Bean for a infamous man-eating family. Just FYI.

    By the by sometime poeple ate people for because otherwise their diet would lack proteins and other important nutrients, ancient American tribes for instance (think Aztecs, Toltecs or Maya's)

    --
    All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die.
  19. The healthy human flesh alternative by beforewisdom · · Score: 4, Funny

    Now there is hufu, the healthy human flesh alternative for the ethically inclined cannibal: http://www.eathufu.com/faq.asp

  20. There are no more cannibals by Solilok · · Score: 3, Funny

    I ate the last one

  21. Along the same lines by Gryle · · Score: 3, Funny

    Two cannibals walk into a restauraunt and take a seat. A nervous waiter explains that the only thing the restauraunt could possibly offer them is a missionary from Prague willing to sacrifice himself. The cannibals exchange glances and one tells the waiter "Yeah, I guess we could split the Czech."

    --
    Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not entirely sure about the universe - Einstein
  22. "Scientific" Versus Notions by cannuck · · Score: 2, Informative

    This story points out, once again, how the media and other Mauraders - (definition from Mark Cuban) - mis-use the word "scientific".

    More often than not - pronouncements in the staus quo media as well as the so-called alternative media - write stories about one thing or another - so that it appears to be "scientific" - but in fact is simply a - "notion"!

    Scientific is simple - means proven by the "scienific method" -and the proof replicated by others using the "scientific method". More often than not - the so-called science (or medical) research doesn't even follow the scientific method. And even worse - the results are never replicated to see if the original research was accurate.

    The list of the failures is endless - the most glaring example is that HIV is the sole cause of auto immune dis-eases.

    By the way - here's the five key criteria for the "scientific method":

    1. Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena. 2. Formulation of an hypothesis to explain the phenomena. In physics, the hypothesis often takes the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. 3. Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations. 4. Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by originator of the hypothesis with properly performed experiments. 5.Replication of the experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments.

  23. Obligatory Monty Python Ripoff by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 2, Funny

    Dear Sir,

    I am glad to hear that your readership disapprove of this article as strongly as I. As a loyal reader and paying subscriber, I abhor the implication that Slashdot.org is a haven for cannibalism.

    It is well known that we now have the problem relatively under control, and that it is Kuro5hin.org who now suffer the largest casualties in this area.

    And what do you think the Argylls ate in Aden. Arabs?

    Yours etc.
    Zontar T. Mindless (in a white wine sauce with shallots, mushrooms and garlic)

    --
    Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
  24. I am not surprised at all by surfingmarmot · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Given the fact that some of our distant relations, e.g. Chimpanzees, still kill and eat humans if they can, it doesn't surprise me that early humans might have done this as well. It probably was never a food of choice but was a 'meal of opportunity' so to speak. In addition, there could also be another reason behind the cannabalism: ritual. Many primitive cultures had rituals in which they eat animal parts in order to obtain some of that animal's powers and it isn't much of a stretch to assume ritualized cannabalism of vanquished enemies was practiced as well by early humans. We certainly know men have been killing each other for a long, long time and show no signs of developing a distaste for it (no pun intended). Even today, some Asians consume tiger genitalia and other animal parts for certain perceived benefits which probably has an origin in those rituals. The patterns seem clear enough, but it isn't very politically correct in the most religious of industrialized nations to point out man's animal orgins so I expect significant resources will be brought to bear to dissprove this even if fabrication is necessary.

  25. Cannibalism as a pretext for slavery by mangu · · Score: 3, Interesting
    There was a theological argument that cannibals had no souls. The reasoning went like this: since on Judgement Day everyone will arise from their graves, their body parts which have decomposed will come together again. Since cannibals' body parts come from other peoples' bodies, they won't be able to reconstitute their own bodies. Therefore, cannibals don't have souls, because they can't ressurect on Judgement Day.


    Enslaving people with no souls cannot possibly be a sin, can it? Therefore there existed an incentive to find all sorts of evidence of cannibalism among tribes in distant lands.

  26. The obligatory Monkey Island reference by Stormwatch · · Score: 2, Funny

    We decided to cut back on our fatty missionary intake and went vegetarian altogether - although there certainly was a time I would have eaten you. Young guy like you, not too much muscle... I'd probably marinate you in white wine for forty-five minutes... dip you in a light corn batter... wrap you in banana leaves and bury you in a pit with a hundred hot coals... let you roast overnight. Then I'd serve you on a bed of basmati rice... with a garnish of shitake mushrooms and shallots. Mmmmmmm...

  27. Obligatory plug by FusionDragon2099 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Soylent Green! It makes its own gravy!

  28. Hawaiians and the long pig by ccmay · · Score: 2, Informative
    Especially since some societies like the Polynesians, Hawaiians, and the Maori of New Zealand all practiced cannibalism with no taboo.

    "Polynesian" is not a specific nationality, but a supranational cultural/ethnic group. As the name implies, it encompasses many widespread Pacific islands and their related languages and cultures. Hawaiians and Maoris are both subsets of the Polynesians. So are the original inhabitants of Tahiti, Samoa, Fiji, Easter Island, the Marquesas, Tonga, Niue, Tuvalu, and about 1000 more islands.

    A few of the Polynesians were definitely cannibals, e.g. Maoris, Marquesans, and Fijians. The Tongans, Niueans, and Hawaiians, among others, have been accused of it, but there is little supporting evidence.

    The Hawaiians themselves insist that they never practiced cannibalism and consider the allegation insulting. They did perform human sacrifice and kept relics of the dead, but they did not actually consume any part of their victims.

    -ccm

    --
    Too much Law; not enough Order.
  29. Incidentally.. by StikyPad · · Score: 2, Informative

    Kuru (a common prion disease from cannibalism) is also known as Laughing Death. That's right.. I've got my eye on you laughers and I know what you're up to. You know who you are.