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Astronomers Witness Whopper Galaxy Collision
Raver32 writes "A major cosmic pileup involving four large galaxies could give rise to one of the largest galaxies the universe has ever known, scientists say.
Each of the four galaxies is at least the size of the Milky Way, and each is home to billions of stars.
The galaxies will eventually merge into a single, colossal galaxy up to 10 times as massive as our own Milky Way.
"When this merger is complete, this will be one of the biggest galaxies in the universe," said study team member Kenneth Rines of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
The finding, to be detailed in an upcoming issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, gives scientists their first real glimpse into a galaxy merger involving multiple big galaxies.
"Most of the galaxy mergers we already knew about are like compact cars crashing together," Rines said. "What we have here is like four sand trucks smashing together, flinging sand everywhere.""
"When this merger is complete, this will be one of the biggest galaxies in the universe,"
Kind of like if Walmart, Target, Sears, and the DoD merged?
One wonders what the galactic lawyers will get out of this.
"We are all geniuses when we dream"
- E.M. Cioran
Galactic Mergers and Acquisitions! And have I got a guilt-edged proposition for you, boy!
"If still these truths be held to be
Self evident."
-Edna St. Vincent Millay
Okay, that's twice as many races for the Arisians and the Eddorians to play the Great Game of Civilisation in.
So a galaxy is not like a series of tubes, it is like a truck? Fascinating insight there.
We need to stop galaxies from forming a monopoly on being the only galaxy in the universe now, while there's still time. If we sit back and let these galaxies continue merging, it will be too late!
"It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education." -Albert Einstein
So, how long is this going to take? What happens when the black holes at the center of each one collide? And, if as we say yesterday, they are really worm holes, what will that imply? Will the wormholes be the 4-way stop of the galaxy?
Layne
Nope. Read again, more closely.
Astronomers Witness Whopper Galaxy Collision
The implication is that Burger King intends to merge with Dairy Queen and will be introducing its line of BK burgers at DQ. Honestly.
"Each of the four galaxies is at least the size of the Milky Way, and each is home to billions of stars. The galaxies will eventually merge into a single, colossal galaxy up to 10 times as massive as our own Milky Way."
4 galaxies the size of the Milky way create something 10 times bigger? Either the galaxies are much larger than the Milky Way or the result is not 10 times bigger...maybe only 4 times bigger?
Four galaxies enter. One galaxy leaves.
It is assumed that the universe is not infinite in size.
Nah, that was just for G.W.
MABASPLOOM!
...the new-formed galaxy will be named:
BEOWULF!
Your logic is flawed.
There are an infinite real numbers between 0 and 1 inclusive, but there is a largest element in the set (specifically, 1.0).
Likewise, even given an infinite set of galaxies, there can be a largest galaxy.
Eugh, that's going to make my job a PR nightmare. Now our transportation system is going to have up to ten times more vehicles on it than before. Normally we'd just expand, but there will be up to ten times as many obstacles. I didn't want it to come to this, but now we're going to need to demolish entire planets to make room for the new Interstellar Bypass.
Shouldn't that be "One of the biggest in the known Universe"?
will this start to see this happening during our lifetime, or has it already? And I'm refering to us being able to see it, not when it actually happens.
And the truck analogy brings so many bad puns to mind, honking to pass, galactic traffic cops, etc...
An I.T. motto in the hands of an idiot is a dangerous thing...
Somehow I don't think so - There is a VERY large bright star nearby...
Also, the image shown has a star brighter than the galaxy cluster we are discussing.
Its easy to see the difference between a star ang a galaxy when you can see the supermassive spiral arms and individual stars within, however in this image, they just look like stars.
liqbase
I thought that galaxys where all moving away from each other. How did these manage to colide?
Coder's Stone: The programming language quick ref for iPad
So this leads me to wonder, will a merger of this size cause a larger gravitational force as 4 swirling masses converge. I would expect that if these 4 galaxies can converge and stabalize, that the gravitational force would be pretty immense.
We've learned about Black Holes in the middle of galaxies, can you imagine the size of a the black hole this merger could form?
Would this draw other galaxies closer to the newly merged one, ever increasing the size of the merged one?
Sure these might appear to be wild questions, but I'd sure love to be around to watch it all unfold.
I guess it's forming the Voltron of Galaxies.
Life takes interesting turns, but the most interest is when you're off the beaten path.
and that this scientist has seen enough galaxies to be sure of what he's saying.
So when four galaxies collide, they make a huge super-galaxy...
Now is that how they make those monster trucks?
Even if the universe isn't infinite, we have no idea what is outside our realm of observation. What if our galaxy is, along with most other galaxies, part of a MEGA galaxies of galaxies. I have neither proof nor research to back any part of that claim up, but to think that our local slice of the universe represents the whole of the universe is insane.
Life is rarely fair. Cherish the moments when there is a right answer.
Well, his administration is much like a black hole. Sucking up everything that gets into its reach, letting no info out...
We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
There was no kaboom! There is supposed to be an earth-shattering kaboom!
They can measure the distance of the galaxies and therefore imply that the cluster is too far away to be a bunch of stars (because of their observed size/luminosity).
No. The extent of the universe is already known.
It ends right after Dogdoo 7.
"If we hit that bullseye, the rest of the dominos will fall like a house of cards. Checkmate." -Zapp Brannigan
Consider the amount of stars and the room between them. It's quite unlikely that many stars will actually "collide". Although it's fairly certain that due to gravity some will lose or gain a few planets and debris, some will start moving in a very different way around the center and so on. We'll certainly get a lot of "spill" from gravity desasters, but I don't really think that there will be many head-on collisions of entire stars or systems.
We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
I don't have any mod points, so I'm replying to this AC to bump his comment up.
As he says, this is a fallacy. Even if there were an infinite number of galaxies, that does not mean that each galaxy is necessarily larger than any other. You could, in fact, have an infinite number of galaxies that are all the exact same size.
I hope neither galaxy is admitting culpability and have got those witnesses names and addresses.
Now, when someone can show me some live footage of two stars crashing into each other and a really big explosion, then I'll be impressed. Something far enough away so I can actually see it all happening, but not so far that it looks like a few grains of sand crashing into each other.
The other thing that keeps me getting excited about this stuff is when something REALLY COOL is going to happen, and then they say. "It will be in the very near future, realativly, in the next 5 million years."
I got more out of the banner ads for self aiming telescopes in the $400-$500 range. I never was good at aiming my old telescope. I could find the moon, but not anything smaller.
Do not meddle in the affairs of sysadmins, for they are subtle, and quick to anger.
The Spoon
Updated 6/28/2011
Supposed to be infinitely small and all that.
Deleted
No, it's just assumed that we're talking about the observable (or more likely, observed) universe.
Yes, there can be a largest galaxy in an infinite universe, but the probability that these particular galaxies will be it, is infinitesimally small.
This was debunked by badastronomy.com. (Or at least that article is a bad argument for it.)
Geez, have none of you llamas ever used the simulator found in xscreensaver. As the four galaxies approach each other stars will sling shot off into space, one galaxy stealing a few. End results: a big galaxy, 3 small unstable with less stars galaxies. :P
Move along, people - nothing to see here...
RS
Shoes for Industry. Shoes for the Dead.
This is definitely a cool idea. But it's just a myth. Take a look at that site--lots of wonky pseudo-science to be had. And I especially knew something was wrong when they started talking about the Mayan calendar and global warming.
t he-sun-from-another-galaxy
At any rate, take a look at the original press release that was misinterpreted to come up with this theory here: http://astsun.astro.virginia.edu/~mfs4n/sgr/
And take a look at a debunking here: http://www.badastronomy.com/bablog/2007/06/27/is-
And the wonkiness about the angle we see the Milky Way at from Earth is just plain bad math.
The astronomer quoted in that link has specifically stated that his work was misrepresented; see here and here. The Sun's orbit in the galaxy indicates that it did indeed originate in the Milky Way.
When should i get out the popcorn???
Well, in some cases, astronomy is an order of magnitude science. As this collections of objects doesn't seem to have any gravitational lensing associated with it, there is no way to independently determine the mass of the system. A rough guess at the mass can be determined by assuming a mass to light radio since we know how bright it is (and presumably how far). That would lead to the mass estimates.
Yes, because obviously when a couple of small cars collide it takes place over a few hundred thousand light years and lasts for a million years or so (the warranty on the airbag may be voided).
And this one is like trucks smashing together?
I am now firmly of the view that astronomers:
How about "This in no way whatsoever resembles any kind of collision you have ever witnessed on Earth, it dwarfs your imagination, and by the way any kind of anthropocentric comparison should have been buried with Galileo?"
Pining for the fjords
I thought the biggest galaxy was that one that covered about thirty degrees of the night sky all around, yet was invisible to naked eye - whatever happened to that story ?
Religion is what happens when nature strikes and groupthink goes wrong.
Scientists now have a clear image of the God of the Whopper galaxy.
This sounds like awful news for anyone in or near any of those galaxies. We just had news that scientists had good reason to believe the Earth's own biodiversity is severely affected by nearby galaxies' radiation when we pop up over the plane of the galaxy and lose our shielding. When you add the beams of radiation from central black holes and other sources, and four times as many novas and supernovas in the same volume as usual, it sounds very inhospitable to life. And then think about an Earth like ours with maybe people like us (or some kind of people), safe on a perfect world that met all the requirements for intelligent life, that had its biodiversity nicely culled and grown through oscillation just like ours, just the right radius from the center and never hit by an asteroid except so far back it doesn't matter. Probably their star's path is getting perturbed, sure probably slowly enough they can notice it and maybe do something about it in the 100,000 or million years they have to get somewhere else.. if there is anywhere else safe within 1000 parsecs. If you ever think life sucks, imagine being on a spaceship Earth in a galaxy going to utter hell. Perhaps no life is even being formed in what might (IANAP) be a radiation hell, hope not. Because if there is life there, I feel sorry - no sorry is not the word, horror is more like it - for whomever it is that is getting snuffed. If we ever have a SETI project powerful enough, and telescopes that can make out more than just blobs, maybe we should aim it over there.
And for them to know that this particular galaxy (when it eventually comes around) is bigger than all others, they'd have to compare it to all others. In an infinite universe, this will take, like, forever. Luckily for them the merger will not be completed anytime soon.
Free, as in your money being freed from the confines of your account.
It's sorta like this:
Some time ago, we figured out that:
1. All type 1a supernovae are exactly as bright when they blow up, because that's a star going a tiny bit over the Chandrasekhar limit. So basically they're all very nearly exactly the same weight stars, and blow up in the same way. So since seen brighness decays with the square of the distance, you can calculate how far it was when you see one.
2. (Based on 1 too.) The farther something is, the more re-shifted its spectrum will be. Basically the faster it moves. So you can know fairly accurately how far away these 4 are.
And it would have to be a freakin' big star to be _that_ bright at that distance. You're asking for a galaxy sized star.
3. We also know how big a main sequence star can possibly get, and that's only about 120 solar masses, but the closer you get to that limit, the faster it burns and the more unstable it is. The ones over 100 solar masses burn extremely fast and tend to regularly blow up huge chunks of their mass.
At any rate, we know that a star can't possibly be as big as those things at that distance. Even a star with 100 solar masses, won't have 100 times the Sun's volume. Gravity compresses them a bit more. And even 100 times the Sun's volume would be only a bit over 4.5 times the Sun's radius. It's just not even _near_ the size of a galaxy.
Also, in spite of their massive mass and fast burning rate, the hypergiant stars seem to be "capped" in brightness, so they won't get as bright as a whole galaxy anyway.
Also, remember when I said they burn very fast? A hypergiant burns and blows up in 1 to 3 million years, give or take a few. That's about 4 orders of magnitude shorter than our Sun. They just don't live long enough for 4 of them to come anywhere near each other.
A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
considering that the action is taking place 5 billion light years away ftfa. The news is late by an eternity.
FTA: NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope serendipitously spotted the quadruple merger during a routine survey of a distant galaxy cluster, called CL0958+4702, located nearly 5 billion light years away. If you work at NASA and are reading this, feel my scorn. That is all.
If the universie in infinite, then there are an infinite number of galaxies that are even bigger.
Well the universe is not believed to be infinite but more like 150 Gly in diameter. And even then, there may be a limit to how big a galaxy can possibly be.
You just got troll'd!
Well, I suggest you take your untrained eye out of the city to someplace nice and dark, and preferably with someone who can find some good objects for you to look at. But really you only need to look at two things -- any star in the sky (not a planet, look for the twinkle, if it doesn't twinkle it's a planet), and then look at Andromeda. Andromeda is easy to see with binoculars, and you can tell it isn't a star with the naked eye. Anyway, that'll show you how stars and galaxies can be distinguished. They really don't look anything alike. If your buddy brought a telescope, check out some globular clusters.
The enemies of Democracy are
Which always brings up my question: if the universe is not infinite in size, what is it expanding into or sitting in? I.e. if you place a drop of ink into a glass container full of water, the drop will expand (eventually) until it meets the glass.
That is not what is happening according to current theories of the universe. The most common answer I get is that is loops back upon itself. Fine. That still doesn't explain what the universe sits in.
Just my thoughts on a very esoteric and, IMO, unanswerable question.
We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
No. Galaxies are huge, and these are very far away, so even if they are moving really fast they won't appear to move on a human time scale.
But the cool thing IMHO is that we are literally looking 5 billion years back in time.
Earth hadn't even formed when this collision took place, but we're looking at it right now.
A house divided against itself cannot stand.
For anyone who finds space.com as annoying as I do, here is the link to the original story at NASA's Spitzer site.
You will not drink with us, but you would taste our steel? - Walter Matthau, The Pirates
Lots of aliens are having sex that normally wouldn't. "Grashnar, hold me! I don't want to die a virgin!"
The world is made by those who show up for the job.
Don't forget that this all happened 5 billion years ago.
I wonder if the E.B.E.'s within those galaxies are too consumed with fighting climate change that they fail to realize they're involved with a 'Whopper Galaxy Collision' . . . . Mmm . . . Whopper.
Sorry, but your logic is flawed! The universe is not a continuum of sizes. There IS a smallest size, so there are a finite number of sizes in [0,k] intersect the set of possible sizes.
Give you a simple example: between 0 and 100ML of water, there are only a finite number of volumes that can exist, since the minimum size for anything is the water molecule.
"What lies behind us, and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us." Ralph Waldo Emerson
So a set of 4 galaxies can merge faster than the US government will allow XM and Sirius to merge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM/Sirius_merger
It is possible that this new supergalaxy may exceed that limit, and any stars that are further away (or moving at a velocity greater than the galaxy's escape velocity) would be shed.
Out of modpoints but really liked a post? 1BDkF6TtmmeZ3yqXbz9yhdYVqRYnwFoXDj
His logic did not depend on the set being continuous. It would have worked just as well using rational numbers in the range [0, 1], of which there are an infinite number and which still has a largest element (again, 1).
And while there may in reality be a finite number of possible sizes, the argument the OP made and the GP rebutted was about an infinite universe with an infinite number of galaxies, which are not necessarily each a different size than every other galaxy. The argument still works exactly as well in that case.
The enemies of Democracy are
WOW! I can't believe God did this just to give us something to talk about for 30 seconds!
For He is Lord,
He is Lord,
He is Lorrrrrrd!
(-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
Not an astrophysicist, but... Sure, if the General Theory of Relativity has anything to say about it. I think what was unexpected in the paper was how rapidly the gas cloud collapses into a disk around the binary black holes, and how quickly the drag from the gaseous disk degrades their orbit around each other. A million years isn't a long time before the black holes merge...
I'm not a physicist, but I'll take a stab at this anyway. Basically, the universe isn't expanding into anything. There isn't empty space beyond the universe's boundaries; there isn't anything beyond those boundaries. It doesn't even make sense to say "beyond the boundaries of the universe". There is no frame of reference anywhere in the universe than could possibly observe or interact with anything "beyond" the universe, which means it effectively doesn't exist.
When people talk about the universe expanding, what they mean is that the distances between particles throughout the universe are increasing. From the subatomic to the intergalactic, everything is moving further apart. The "size of the universe" is (simplistically) the largest distance (in 4D spacetime) between any two particles within the universe, which can be simplistically calculated from any given frame of reference as (at most) the age of the universe multiplied by the speed of light. Since the age of the universe is constantly increasing (from our point of view as entities within the universe), the size of the universe increases as well.
"The state is that great fiction by which everyone tries to live at the expense of everyone else." - Bastiat
Why doesn't dark matter push them apart?
You people and your slight differences disgust me! - Prof. Farnsworth
From this distance, one vantage point, how can they know for sure this convergence is actually going to "collide" as opposed to just skim past each other? You can't tell how far apart they are in all 3 axii, just 2.
You get the third axis by comparing the Doppler shift with the apparent lateral speed. It's basic trig.
That brings up yet another interesting point. If such stars have been shed in the past, then obviously they will be thrown out of the galaxy, but a star's fusion process and lifespan are not dependent upon the galaxy itself. I wonder how many "homeless" stars are floating in the spaces between two galaxies. I'd also wonder if they might have a greater chance of their planets (assuming they had any and that they maintained a stable orbit as the star was ejected from the galaxy) harboring life, given that there would be no nearby supernova's or general galactic radiation to have any effect on it; only the radiation from the local star.
"People who think they know everything are very annoying to those of us who do."-Mark Twain
But the number of galaxies is not infinite. The universe itself has a finite ammount of mass and energy inside it, and that is used to make up a finite number of galaxies. Now from some texts I have read the number of galaxies numbers at least in the high billions, possibly trillions, but that's a LOT smaller than infinity ;).
"People who think they know everything are very annoying to those of us who do."-Mark Twain
Rupert Murdoch *has* to be involved in this somehow.
// This is not a sig.
Ummm... the tense here is off by a billion years. This merger is already a done deal, if it actually happened at all. We're watching the Tivo-ized version of the event.
Naturally, Bush was on the scene of the accident posing in front of the surviving child stars and blaming American heroism for getting through the crisis.
-Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase temporary safety deserve neither. -Ben Franklin
we should be against any merger of this size...
and we thought the AOL-Time Warner merge was big...
----------
Trying to fix or change something only guarantees and perpetuates it's existence
Wow! I can hardly wait now for it to be complete.
"It's the height of ridiculousness to say for those 9 lines you get hundreds of millions."
Because they were being driven respectively by:
Paris Hilton
Nicole Richie
Lindsay Lohan
Britney Spears
"It's the height of ridiculousness to say for those 9 lines you get hundreds of millions."
You beat me to the post by less than a minute, and beat me to registering on Slashdot by only 10 users. Get out of my head, Godai-kun!
Bah, never mind, I just realized that I was looking at comment ID, not user ID ... no wonder it was a "coincidence".
Heheh, *holds out user ID* Yeah, it's a bit smaller.
5 &threshold=2&commentsort=0&mode=thread&pid=2014101 7#20141521
Also, I beat you by 10 minutes here: http://science.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=26311
That's a pretty interesting question too, and while I guess we can't tell for sure, you brought the only answer we can give to that question. However, it doesn't help us in our quest for extraterrestrial civilization, considered they must be far from our galaxy, and thus, from us. I believe we know of exoplanets around such wandering stars by the way.
You just got troll'd!
Late one night while I was working on my dissertation on polarimetry of active galactic nuclei, I was surprised by Maria, the physics department's delicious young cleaning lady. Her janitorial uniform did little to conceal her large, perky breasts, which were spherical and of uniform density... I'm not sure this is a good idea...
Village idiot in some extremely smart villages.
As an enthusiast of GF(2^k) and/or (pun intended) boolean algebra: 1+1+1+1=0. Or not.
Billions of stars and probably billions of planets... I wonder if any of them had intelligent life. I wonder what happened to that life 5 billion years ago when this event started. I wonder if the saw it coming, or if it was a surprise?
When I go to Burning Man every year I often wonder away from the man made lit up items and just go out and observe the sky. It's so amazingly beautiful. The milky way is clearly visible, and every year I'm momentarily overwhelmed by the absolute insignifance of humanity. We are so small in the grandness of our universe. I stand out on that perfectly flat place and realize that I'm a tiny speck on a tiny sphere in a tiny solar system in a smallish Galaxy. It's the loneliest feeling in the world, and I wouldn't trade it for anything.
The Generation
I'd say something witty here, but I'm not that bright.
What does this have to do with knowing the results in 4.5million years? *roll eyes*
Correct,
This is a clear example of galaxy reproduction by fission. Our very own Milky Way galaxy was spawned in this manner. Unforunately, no peer-reviewed journal has accepted my paper on the process yet. The old institutions are always slow to warm up to new theories.
-- Posted from my parent's basement
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On the other hand, we know the approximate density galaxies in the the universe by observing our local section of it. Assuming that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic, it follows that the density of galaxies in the universe must be the same everywhere. If the universe is infinite, then there must be an infinite number of galaxies.
-Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
"I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
Jeez, talk about old news. Come on Slashdot, get with the program already.
Excuuse me? Four Milkyway sized galixies colliding and creating a 10x super sized galixy? Hmmm. Is all that dark matter going to come to light? Matter creation? energy to mass conversion? A lot of mass needs to be accounted for... Mabye I should just RTFA.
That conclusion is also implicit in the laws of physics, particularly the second law of thermodynamics. If you extrapolate a finite amount of time into the past, assuming entropy to be finite and increasing, at some point all the energy in the universe was concentrated at a single point in a state of minimum entropy. There is nothing that can precede that point without assuming that the law of entropy does not hold for all time, and thus either the universe must have a finite age, or our most basic understanding of how it works must be incorrect.
Note that the age of the universe is merely a consequence of our frame of reference -- it might be better to refer to our age, or the age of the matter that makes up our bodies, measured from the beginning of the universe, rather than the age of the universe itself.
Also note that I didn't factor in the effects of gravitational spacetime curvature, which tends to cancel out spacetime expansion locally. One generally only sees net spacial expansion on an intergalactic scale.
"The state is that great fiction by which everyone tries to live at the expense of everyone else." - Bastiat
That conclusion is also implicit in the laws of physics, particularly the second law of thermodynamics. If you extrapolate a finite amount of time into the past, assuming entropy to be finite and increasing, at some point all the energy in the universe was concentrated at a single point in a state of minimum entropy. There is nothing that can precede that point without assuming that the law of entropy does not hold for all time, and thus either the universe must have a finite age, or our most basic understanding of how it works must be incorrect.
The second law of entropy is merely a statistical phenomenon. Given a high-entropy closed volume of gas it is entirely possible that all the gas molecules will spontaneously end up pressed against one wall of the container; it's just incredibly, incredibly unlikely given the huge number of other things that the gas molecules could be doing. There's no special force out there irresistibly pushing everything into a more evenly distributed state, that is just by far the most likely way for a system to evolve.
On the small scale, entropy momentarily decreases all the time: consider an arbitrary volume of intergalactic space containing only two hydrogen atoms, which just happen to be on a collision course. As they come together in one part of our arbitrary volume, the entropy in that volume decreases - the matter contained within it is less evenly distributed. (Of course, from that low-entropy state the volume quickly devolves back into a high-entropy state). Now, the odds of three such hydrogen atoms all coalescing like that are clearly much much lower; the odds of four, far lower still; and so it quickly becomes incredibly, unimaginably improbable to see large systems spontaneously decrease in entropy.
But given infinite tries, everything possible, no matter how improbable, will occur. The odds of getting a googleplex of sixes in a row in a series of d6 rolls is incredibly improbable; but roll that d6 an infinite number of times and it'll happen in there somewhere. Thus, it is not a problem for all the matter in the universe to have been at a minimal entropy state at one time and there have been times before it where the entropy state was higher; it's just that the odds of the universe spontaneously entering that minimal entropy state from a higher entropy one are unimaginably low. But, if time is infinite, then it's to be expected that at some point in that infinite time, such a thing would occur. And if time is infinite in both directions, then after the universe has been blown apart into nothing but dust and light, after all the protons have decayed, and the universe is nothing but a thin, cold soup of quarks and quanta - at some unimaginably distant time beyond even then, the incredibly unlikely will occur again, and somehow or another all that scattered energy will wind up clumped together again in a low-entropy state, which it won't likely stay in for long, thus exploding once more and beginning the long descent into chaos.
And, as you can get the same effect as rolling a die infinite times just by rolling infinite dice at once, so too if space is infinite, then somewhere out there, likely so far away that all our protons will have decayed before the earliest light from it crosses any light ever emitted by anything even remotely known to man, that's happening right now. Another "universe" is being born, another big bang - still technical a part of the same universe as us but so distant that we can completely ignore it forever for all practical purposes, for nothing we know, not even matter as we know it, will be around by the time it interacts with us. So we have a vision of an infinite stormy sea of universes - each big bang like the falling crest of a choppy wave, descending from its improbable low-entropy state into a more "flat" high-entropy state, but sending out energy in all directions as it does so, energy which will eventually contribute to the formation of another wave crest somewhere else, all on a scale so inconceiv
-Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
"I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
Sub:Quadruple merger :CL0958+4702, at 5 BLY a sp?Aid=241
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Search from Heart of the Universe to Cosmic Expansion zone at 10^9 Light years
My research paper: Universal plasma Energy Model identifies Elliptical Galxy- driving Spherical and Spiral formations ( ref IEEE ICOPS and STSCI SYmposium paper - May 2003)
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Cosmic Pot Universe projects Universe down-link while Expansion connects Multi-Universe. I am happy to see confirmative data projected in my books.
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