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A Telescope as Big as the Earth

Roland Piquepaille writes "A week ago, seven telescopes around the world were linked together to watch a distant galaxy called 3C273 in real time and create a single world telescope. The data from these telescopes, which are located in Australia, China and Europe, was streamed around the world at a rate of 256 Mb per second. One of the Australian researchers involved in the project said that it was the first time that astronomers have been able to instantaneously connect telescopes half a world apart. He added that 'the diameter of the Earth is 12,750 km and the two most widely separated telescopes in our experiment were 12,304 km apart.'"

46 of 172 comments (clear)

  1. Unfortunately... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...all data from the Shanghai telescope was filtered and replaced with promotional material for the Peoples Republic of China. Apparently the galaxy bears a striking resemblance to Chairman Mao.

    1. Re:Unfortunately... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      ... all data from the Shanghai telescope was found to be contaminated with high levels of lead, antifreeze, and banned food additives.

    2. Re:Unfortunately... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      ...all data from the Shanghai telescope was found to be manufactured by child laborer using Google Sky. The children are paid in World of Warcraft Gold which a small division of the group help to mine from the game.

    3. Re:Unfortunately... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      ... all data from the Shanghai telescope was found to be a cleverly reverse-engineered copy of American and European data. Officials at the World Intellectual Property Organization could not be reached for comment.

  2. FYI by Gabrill · · Score: 4, Informative

    This technique is being used.

    --
    Always going forward, 'cause we can't find reverse.
    1. Re:FYI by moderatorrater · · Score: 4, Funny

      I read up on it, but I didn't see the downsides of this technique being discussed. What's the drawback of using this technique as opposed to an actual earth-sized telescope?

    2. Re:FYI by Bemopolis · · Score: 4, Informative

      Total amount of signal gathered. That is to say, you gather less rain with a few buckets scattered across a field ratherthan a field-sized bucket. On the plus side, since you are monitoring simultaneously at different sites, you can compare the signals among the antennae to get the same spatial resolution of a telescope the size of the Earth. Compare to the VLA, a much smaller version of the same technique.

      --
      "I guess the moral of the story is, don't paint your airship with rocket fuel." -- Addison Bain
    3. Re:FYI by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 3, Funny

      What's the drawback of using this technique as opposed to an actual earth-sized telescope?

      One advantage of the actual earth-sized telescope is that if you tweak the electronics a bit, then the instrument can also be used as a weapon to destroy rebellious planets.

    4. Re:FYI by Nyeerrmm · · Score: 4, Informative

      There are two reasons to make a really big telescope (whether optical, radio, or even x-ray). FIrst you pick up more photons, allowing you to pick up dimmer, more distant objects and get less noisy data. The second is that you get improved angular resolution, since the limiting factor for resolution on a good telescope is the diffraction of light, a consequence of the wave nature. Simply, the angular resolution is approximated very well by Rayleigh's Formula:

      Resolution(radians) = Wavelength/Diameter

      When you do this kind of technique, you increase the angular resolution that can be picked up to that of a full telescope over the area (if designed properly to get the middle resolutions as well). However, as others have mentioned, you don't get the full number of photons, which means you have to increase the imaging time or allow for much high SNRs. However, this is still very useful for getting high resolution images of fairly bright objects.

    5. Re:FYI by schwanerhill · · Score: 2

      Or the VLBA, a 'world-sized' very long baseline interferometer. At the VLBA, they record the data from each of the ten antennae to tapes with very accurate timestamps, then combine the data later at the NRAO facility in Socorro, New Mexico.

    6. Re:FYI by schwanerhill · · Score: 3, Informative

      In addition to the lower light-gathering power, interferometers need to sample a wide range of separations between pairs of antennae. The most-separated pair of antennae (the longest baseline is the jargon) gets very small structures, but is not sensitive to larger structures. You get helped by the rotation of the Earth, which makes any given pair of antennae (which are fixed on the Earth) change their angular separation with respect to the target the array is looking at, but that only helps so much. You really need a range of separations, which means many antennae.

      For example, the Very Large Array has 27 antennae. That's 351 pairs, which can be spaced differently. If you had a single dish telescope the size of the VLA (or the Earth), you'd get every angular scale at once, without having to synthesize a large aperture from all the baselines.

      In practice, this aperture synthesis technique works quite well, and there's no way we're going to build a steerable single dish telescope larger than the Green Bank Telescope (100m in diameter) any time in the foreseeable future.

    7. Re:FYI by bob_herrick · · Score: 3, Funny

      Do not look into the telescope with your remaining planet!

  3. Central Obstruction by Liquidrage · · Score: 4, Funny

    Wow! And I thought SCT's had a large central obstruction.

    Ok. That might be the geekiest joke in the histroy of /.
    :(

    1. Re:Central Obstruction by Liquidrage · · Score: 3, Informative

      SCT's are Schmidt-Cassegrain telecopes.
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt-Cassegrain_te lescope

      They have a large central obstruction which houses the secondary mirror.

      Central Obstrcutions come with negative affects.
      http://www.telescope-optics.net/obstruction.htm

      So I was making a very bad and geeky joke based on the headline about this being a very large telescope with the entire Earth as its central obsutrction. Which, in a *very* round-about sense, it is.

  4. Cool by CaffeineAddict2001 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It would make a great plugin for google earth. Instead of zooming in on earth from space, you could zoom into space from earth.

    1. Re:Cool by Gloy · · Score: 5, Informative

      You haven't tried Google Sky, then?

  5. All at once by Blitz22 · · Score: 5, Funny

    I for one, welcome our giant eyed, galactic..... I soviet Russia, the world telescopes .... Scientist can finally peer deep into goat..... be gentle.

    --
    If I went around claiming I was an emperor...they'd put me away!
  6. Real time? by Odiumjunkie · · Score: 2, Insightful

    > A week ago, seven telescopes around the world were linked together to watch a distant galaxy called 3C273 in real time and create a
    > single world telescope.

    Not to be overly pedantic, but the data were streamed from all over the world to a location in Europe, then processed, and then streamed to China for viewing.

    Even though they weren't going over the public net, that's still almost certainly >1000ms latency. Harldy "real time".

    Although, I suppose that's acceptable on top of the two and a half years it took for the photons to get to us.

    1. Re:Real time? by FiveLights · · Score: 2, Funny

      There's a galaxy only two and a half light years from here? It's suddenly feeling awfully crowded...

    2. Re:Real time? by ls+-la · · Score: 2, Informative

      Not to be overly pedantic, but light from another galaxy takes more than 2.5 years to get here. Light from the closest (known) star takes 4.22 years to get here. The article didn't say how far away the galaxy was, but 2.5 *billion* years would be a better guess, and that's on the low side.

    3. Re:Real time? by caerwyn · · Score: 2, Funny

      You missed the "G" in front of the ly for that object. 2.44 Gly is a bit further away than 2.44 ly.

      A quaser that close to the earth would be a less than pleasant galactic neighbor.

      --
      The ringing of the division bell has begun... -PF
    4. Re:Real time? by Odiumjunkie · · Score: 2

      ooh, there's the problem - it's 2.44 Gly, not 2.44 ly

      damn my unscientific mind

  7. OK by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I think I would rather have one high altitude large aperture 'scope looking at an object all night rather than two at the opposite sides of the world. The ones on the opposite sides of the world won't be able to look for long before one of them disappears over the horizon. Not only that but they are looking through the maximum amount of atmosphere.

    This stunt is a technical accomplishment but maybe not that important in and of itself. What would get me excited would be a couple of orbiting 'scopes.

    1. Re:OK by evanbd · · Score: 5, Informative

      It's a radio telescope; the atmosphere is almost irrelevant. This gives a very large effective size for diffraction purposes, meaning the resulting images can be much more finely resolved.

  8. Heh by Scott+Lockwood · · Score: 4, Funny

    Imagine a Beowolf Cluster of these!

    --
    But this is slashdot. A slashdoter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber!
  9. Re:Were they looking in the optical range? by Robotbeat · · Score: 4, Informative

    This is in the radio range, not the optical range. The summary misled me to thinking it was in the optical range, which would be an impressive achievement, indeed! The news of this story is that it was done in real-time, over a network connection, instead of by shipping data from each radio telescope site on hard-drives to a location be processed later.

  10. Lightspeed Broken! by ec_hack · · Score: 4, Funny

    One of the Australian researchers involved in the project said that it was the first time that astronomers have been able to instantaneously connect telescopes half a world apart.

    This is the real story - FTL communications!

  11. A source of hope by athloi · · Score: 5, Insightful

    We have problems on earth, but most of them will never be solved. Poverty will always exist. Stupidity will always exist. So will criminality, alcoholism, drug addiction, and failure. We can either spend our time obsessing over the negative, or we can choose to explore space and find a new future. I'm glad that we continue to probe space, to consider sending up ships, and most all, that we keep space exploration alive in our minds as a source of hope.

  12. Curiousity Question by StickyWidget · · Score: 2, Interesting
    "He added that 'the diameter of the Earth is 12,750 km and the two most widely separated telescopes in our experiment were 12,304 km apart.'"

    So, when measuring the distance between each of the telescopes, did he do it through the planet (diameter), or did he measure the distance across the surface of the planet (circumference)? Cause that kind makes a huge difference, and really screws up any valid comparison between the two distances.

    ~Sticky
    /You know, kind of like comparing English furlongs and Australian wallabies. Just way too different.

    1. Re:Curiousity Question by IcyHando'Death · · Score: 2, Informative
      So, as the crow flies or as the Horta tunnels? The summary leaves this detail out but TFA is explicit:

      The diameter of the Earth is 12 750 km and the two most widely separated telescopes in our experiment were 12 304 km apart, in a straight line," Dr Tzioumis said.
  13. No, it runs Windows ME. by PalmKiller · · Score: 4, Funny

    Just seconds after the feeds started the galaxy imagery was somehow lost and replaced with the standard BSOD screen.

  14. Wrong it is not 4.22 years. by arthurpaliden · · Score: 5, Funny

    Actually light from the closest know star takes about 8 minutes to get to the earth.

    1. Re:Wrong it is not 4.22 years. by Jarjarthejedi · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And that, ladies and gentlemen, is the best way to reply to a pedantic post...by being more pedantic.

      --
      There are two kinds of fool One says 'This is old therefore good' Another says 'This is new therefore better'- Dean Ing
    2. Re:Wrong it is not 4.22 years. by MollyB · · Score: 4, Funny

      From the photons' POV it takes no time at all. (ducks)

  15. Re:Any chance we can see the results? by ls+-la · · Score: 2, Informative

    To give you an idea how boring the videos would be, the jets coming out the top and bottom are 200,000 light-years long. That means the galaxy hasn't so much as wobbled for over 200,000 years.

  16. Really? by SatanicPuppy · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Because as I recall, Beowulf killed Grendel's mother. During the whole story of Beowulf, he is never defeated, though he does die of his wounds after defeating the dragon.

    --
    ad logicam Claiming a proposition is false because it was presented as the conclusion of a fallacious argument.
    1. Re:Really? by powerpants · · Score: 4, Funny

      Dammit, how about a spoiler alert! Not everyone's a speed reader.

    2. Re:Really? by SatanicPuppy · · Score: 4, Funny

      Jesus, if you haven't read it after 1250 years, you're going to have to live with the spoilers!

      --
      ad logicam Claiming a proposition is false because it was presented as the conclusion of a fallacious argument.
  17. USA was left out... by JLennox · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...because their 52kb/s upload from Comcast just didn't cut it.

    1. Re:USA was left out... by hansamurai · · Score: 2, Funny

      And the fact that they would get throttled in favor of Comcast's own Earth-sized telescope.

  18. Wow, that's depressing by NotQuiteReal · · Score: 2, Funny

    The good news is that 94% of every human being who has ever lived is now dead.

    --
    This issue is a bit more complicated than you think.
  19. Why bother being instantaneous? by aapold · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I mean, what they observed already happened long ago. We're just observing it now, and that's fine, but theoretically they could just each independantly observe, timedcode, and then sync it all up later.

    Its not like it was a live event where you had to have it just then.

    --
    "Waste not one watt!" - CZ
    1. Re:Why bother being instantaneous? by Professor+Luke+Moody · · Score: 2, Informative

      True enough, but I seem to understand from the rest of the article that convenience is the main gain. "'We used to record data on tapes or disks at each telescope, along with time signals from atomic clocks. The tapes or disks would then be shipped to a central processing facility to be combined,' Dr Tzioumis said." So no, there's not much gain in information (that I can see) but rather it's a lot easier and faster to have all of the data sitting there, ready for you to play with. Or whatever they plan to do.

  20. Re:Were they looking in the optical range? by Nyeerrmm · · Score: 3, Informative

    Just to expand on this comment for other readers, any time you do this with any kind of wavelength, you have to have the positions of the telescopes known within fractions of a wavelength. Radio waves range from meters to millimeters, so precision on a worldwide scale is difficult but not impossible at this range , although doing it in real-time is still an impressive feat, as this used to be done by recording the signals to tape, taking them to a central location and processing the data then.

    However, expanding it to optical frequencies (where you can pick up different types of objects and also do so to much higher resolution) is difficult, since the wavelengths are around 500 nanometers, a level of precision that is still impossible on worldwide scales, except maybe in space, where you can depend on laser range finding over very long distances, although i don't know of any proposals trying to do this over very large scale.

  21. Data rate by Anonymous+Custard · · Score: 2, Informative

    "The data from these telescopes, which are located in Australia, China and Europe, was streamed around the world at a rate of 256 Mb per second"

    This means that over 10 seconds 2560Mb of data would be streamed, according to NASA.

  22. Re:Galaxy or Quasar? by Xolotl · · Score: 2, Informative
    Follow the link to the wikipedia article on quasars.

    "Quasar" is short for "Quasi-stellar object" which is what they were called when they were first discovered. At the time, they were unresolved sources a bit like, but clearly not, stars. Since then it has been discovered that quasars are one form of active galaxy, where accretion onto the black hole in the nucleus of the galaxy releases a lot of energy. So in this sense "galaxy" is accurate. If someone wants to specifically talk about the rest of the galaxy outside the nucleus they use the words "host galaxy".

    These sorts of long-baseline radio observations are aimed at mapping the jets released from the nucleus, which are the source of the radio emission. Longer baselines means getting to see closer to the source of the jets (the black hole).