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Russian GPS Alternative Near Completion
Russia has successfully launched another round of GLONASS satellites bringing the grand total to 18 of the navigational units online. "The GPS competitor -- first begun in the Soviet era and only recently revived after years of post-collapse neglect -- is now theoretically capable of providing coverage to the entire Russian territory, with First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov claiming that the first compatible consumer devices will be available in the middle of next year. By 2010 Russia plans to open the system up to outside nations as well, contributing to an eventual three- or even four-system global market"
In Soviet Russia, Satelite tracks you!
paul reinheimer
...we're going to have more choice in satellite positioning systems then we do with satellite radio?
I'm sick of following my dreams. I'm just going to ask where they're goin' and hook up with 'em later.
What was the saying? "A man with one clock always knows what time it is -- a man with two clocks is never sure"?
I suppose if every one of these systems provides a precise enough location, for most purposes it won't matter if they all conflict with one another by a meter or so.
"You should switch from the free US GPS to our free GPS, so that, you won't be relying on their free GPS after the nuclear war."
This is my sig.
Comment removed based on user account deletion
Ok, GLONASS is not very accurate because it is far from completion - you need ground based infrastructure as well as decent satellites. This system will be good enough for Russian military as they are not too bothered about 10m spread for their multi-megaton nukes, but if you drive a car with this thing then such a low accuracy will matter a lot.
Also GPS is pretty well damn established in terms of electronics and its price - there is no way GLONASS will take any significant market share anywhere in the world apart from Russia where, as it often happens there, legislation will be used to ensure it is GLONASS on sale rather than GPS. But given level of corruption there even this won't work well.
So move along, nothing to see here, and definately not something worth reporting.
This is as important as so-called "second sourcing", which promises that if one system goes down, others will still be available.
They say it can theoretically cover all of Russia because only 13 of the 18 are operational. Here's an interesting quote from the article: "The main point is to avoid the 1997 situation, when 24 sputniks were on the orbit, but only the military were making use of the system. However, it is now feared that a similar situation is apt to re-occur, since there are some problems with the development of navigation equipment for the consumers at large, although the constructor-general is trying to cope with them"
Here's one from the International Herald Tribune.
/.
Somebody please stomp out myminicity. It's seriously polluting
-a.e.mossberg
Hey, I have a great idea! Aperture Science should launch a GLaDOS satellite!
Then we can all be test subjects and enjoy delicious and moist cake!
GLaDOS for President 2016! "Well here we are again. It's always such a pleasure." -- GLaDOS, 2011
A man with one GPS knows where he is; a man with two is never quite sure.
[Apologies to Lee Segall.]
It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
This is good news for land surveyors everywhere. Most all surveyors have switched over to GPS based equipment in the last 10 years. I have been out in the field with GPS equipment, and watched my accuracy go to hell because there were not enough satilites above the horizon. Being able to pull signals from both systems means less downtime for land surveyors, and better field accuracy.
Engaget does not have one fact correct. Topcon has been offering surveying grade GPS units that can pull signals from both the US based system, and the GLONASS system for at least 3 years.
http://www.topconpositioning.com/uploads/tx_tttopconproducts/HiPerPro_Broch_REVB.pdf
BTW, if you are wondering how land surveyors get the accuracy down to 1cm for gps, it involves using two GPS recievers and a process called RTK. In RTK one reciever (the base) is placed over a known point, and equipped with a radio transmitter. This station transmitts a correction for the GPS signal to the other reciever (the rover). The results are very accurate, and our firm has pretty much stopped using conventional total station, except where vertical accuracy is an issue (gps is only good to 10cm in vertical accuracy).
I made him a slashdot foe. (I'm off topic but so is parent and GP?)
Selective Availability hasn't been used since the Clinton administration. Sure, they can degrade the signal in certain areas, but it's rarely done.
GPS satellites are not in geostationary orbit. They are in non-equatorial medium earth orbit (roughly 12 hour period).
Its normally AC so that won't work
http://michaelsmith.id.au
I had thoughts about cake after seeing the name of the Russian system, myself. As long as it doesn't offer to bake us, I guess we're ok.
I don't know about you, but my servers run on the power of cotton candy and happy thoughts. -Anonymous Coward
Also, can you provide some geographic reference to where you haven't had enough satellites above the horizon?
Between this and Roland, is any link still safe?
--Won't that be grand? Computers and the programs will start thinking and the people will stop. - Dr. Walter Gibbs
Not just for Soviet submarine crewmen anymore!
Get thee glass eyes, and, like a scurvy politician, seem to see things thou dost not.--King Lear
But you will still fsck up there — and everywhere else in USSR — thanks to the deliberately incorrect Soviet maps :)
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
Sounds like the world's getting ready to redraw some political boundaries and justify some defense spending.
Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once
They aren't geosynchronous.
Brett
One of the most compelling reasons for deploying alternatives is that the US controls Navstar GPS. The US government can introduce random errors into the CA (civilian) codes, decreasing the accuracy of GPS receivers. This is called selective availability. US Military receivers can, of course, get the "correct" signal by being loaded with crypto keys to access P(Y) codes. Additionally, CA code (and even P-code), is susceptible to spoofing by the enemy. Obviously, without the right keys, GPS is hardly acceptable as a positioning system for non-US militaries.
Navigation systems don't use geostationary orbits.
http://michaelsmith.id.au
One thing that would bug me about depending on this system, if I were Russian, is that the Russians are notoriously inept at ensuring long life for their satellites. They tend to just launch a lot of them and accept a short lifespan as they wig out. The US, by contrast, tends to go for gold-plated satellites that live a very long time, and launch far fewer. Is the Russian "shotgun" scheme going to work out for a navigation satellite system? I don't know, but it's a question I'd be asking myself before switching from GPS to Glonass.
I mean, in addition to asking myself whether some cut of the profits from Glonass are going to be spent ensuring that Vladimir Putin stays Supreme Leader for Life.
Of course, the Russians have been kicking our asses in space technology ever since Sputnik.
The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
US turned off the Selective Availability random errors permanently in 2000, after having done so provisionally in the 1990s. Now the FAA and everyone else relies on the full accuracy, so even though the US could turn SA back on at any time, they have a strong domestic disincentive to do so. Now the military is interested in local jamming of GPS rather than introducing errors globally.
A little more related to GLONASS, there's COMPASS, the global positioning system of China. It's first satellite was successfully launched last February.
Here I provided (shameless but informative plug) news on Europe's Galileo, which somehow solved their important funding problems. As for GLONASS, Putin himself clearly stated he wants GLONASS back to full speed.
Anyone avid of GPS-related news is welcomed here (this is the GPS topic on Slashgeo, yeah, a plug, but hey, it's right on topic no? And there's no ads whatsoever
Animoog.org
If you're still having problems with your GPS receiver, maybe it's time to get a new one..
Slashdot just needs to follow redirects on links. Unfortunately, this has been a problem for a number of years and so far Taco & Co. have refused to fixed it.
My blog
What free trade commitments?
Because kissing Mickey's arse is more important than the oil, gas and technological trade Russia did not become a part of any stinking trade agreements when it was interested. It is now one of the few nations that are not part of these agreements and is finding its ability to use this position to its advantage very appealing.
For example it can kick all Georgian, Moldovan imports and exports to Ukraine profilactically at its whim. If it was part of these agreements it would not have been able to. So I somehow do not see it becoming a part of these agreements any time soon...
Baker's Law: Misery no longer loves company. Nowadays it insists on it
http://www.sigsegv.cx/
I think they already did.
My blog
Justifying defense spending is easy. Just line up your favorite talking heads on TV and have them talk about how the people who look different and talk weird really really hate freedom and want to kill all right-thinking peace-loving citizens. Have the talking heads subtly or not-so-subtly question the courage and patriotism of anybody who isn't pissing their pants over the supposedly imminent threat.
Then arrange to borrow the funding for the defense spending. This way, you can put off paying the bills until it's somebody else's problem. With any luck, your political opponent will be in office then, and you can criticize them for the economy that you screwed up. Bonus points if they try to raise taxes to pay off the debts you incurred -- or even just try to end the huge tax cuts you gave to your filthy-rich buddies. (Many of whom just happened to profit enormously from defense contracts and/or own the media corporations who practiced "balanced" journalism by not questioning your lies.)
Wheee! It's a fun game that everyone enjoys
I wonder if the Russian system will have the equivalent offsets that the US system has, you know... to keep terrorists and other miscreants from using them to accurately call in artillery on the local police stations from home made, butane powered potato mortars.
i always loved the errors.. we would be out on the boat.. GPS mounted on the dash (4-5 ft above the water line) and it would tell me i was any where from 500 ft + - sea level.. kinda fun really
'...if only "Jumping to a Conclusion" was an event in the Olympics.'
Basically you need one satellite to resolve each variable in the solution. Thus if you hook up GPS and GLONASS it costs you one saltellite. THus, adding 5 GLONASS satellites to the solution is the same as more or less equivalent to adding 4 GPS satellites. There are many top-end GPS receivers that do this to great effect.
Engineering is the art of compromise.
SA caused that, but also, you'll get that with only 3 satellites over the horizon. It takes 3 satellites to determine your position, and 4 satellites to do altitude.
This is actually the second time GLONASS has become fully operational. The first time was back on February of 1996 (see 'Understanding GPS Principles and Applications' for details). However, older satellites started failing soon after and they weren't able to replace them quickly enough so the constellation quickly degraded in functionality.
I would think that RTK would be more accurate than DGPS.
If the Base system is at a known point only a few hundred feet from the rover then it should be a little more accurate than DGPS. From the Wikipedia.
"The United States Federal Radionavigation Plan and the IALA Recommendation on the Performance and Monitoring of DGNSS Services in the Band 283.5-325 kHz cite the United States Department of Transportation's 1993 estimated error growth of 0.67 m per 100 km from the broadcast site but measurements of accuracy in Portugal suggest a degradation of just 0.22 m per 100 km.[2]"
RTK bets DGPS in accuracy at the expense of speed.
See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
Russia really-really-really wants to join WTO.
Yes, it can. But then the WTO-members — all of whom have to approve every new would-be member — may get upset and one or two of them may go as far as veto Russia's entry into the organization.
And should Ukraine — or any other direct victim of Russia's meddling — join WTO before Russia, they will suddenly have serious defense against Russia's "profilactical" shenanigans with which the infamous "Prison of the Nations" is trying to rebuild its rotten empire.
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
Nope, that's the Chinese-made hummer. The Soviet-made would not even hum.
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
In Soviet Russia, You give GPS directions!
The problem with quotes on the internet, is that nobody bothers to check their veracity. -- Abraham Lincoln
Somehow I missed the news of the Soviets/Russians landing on the Moon, surveying Mars, and, to bring us back to the subject at hand, developing a reliable GPS technology (what we are discussing here, is a system with no practically usable devices yet, and covering only the territory of Russia itself).
Other than that, yes, they "have been kicking our asses in space technology". Sure...
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
There is a big market for a "free* GPS system. That market is basically "the entire world".
It gets quite a bit smaller when there's a subscription fee involved. And even that market is quite small when there's a free alternative.
You were mistaken. Which is odd, since memory shouldn't be a problem for you
The Moon landings were a stunt, and I say that as someone whose father worked on the Apollo program. What they wanted to build was a sustainable program that would serve as a base for eventual colonization. What they were ordered to build instead was essentially a one-off. Technically impressive, sure, but Russian space tech from that era, in somewhat upgraded form, is still flying; American space tech from that era exists only as rusting static displays. We could have built something far better than anything the USSR could have come up with, I have no doubt, but we chose not to.
to bring us back to the subject at hand, developing a reliable GPS technology (what we are discussing here, is a system with no practically usable devices yet, and covering only the territory of Russia itself).
Straw man. The fact that they haven't built a worldwide GPS equivalent doesn't mean they're not going to do so; and given their track record, it's highly believable that they will. In areas where it has coverage, GLONASS works, right now, and adding more satellites will provide more coverage. It's really that simple.
The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
Not exactly. DGPS requires post processing after you get back into the office in order to download the correction files from your reference station. In RTK the correction is done in realtime, so there is no post-processing required. This is particularly handy when you are trying to do something that requires you to find a calculated position (like laying out a buidling or grade staking).
DGPS is fine if you are wanting a position within a foot or two. The accuracy of a GPS calculated position is a function of the distance you are from your base station. Typically, we run our bases within 1 mile of the roving units to get acceptable horizontal accuracy (plus or minus 1 cm).
As for the satilite counts, The Leica 500 recievers we use have to have at least 5 good satilites to get a lock. Also, the recievers tend to filter out any satilites that are below 15 degress above the horizon, as atmospheric interference makes the signals from those too eratic to be of much use. There are some days when you pull up your onboard almanac, and see 8 satilites, but only 4 of them are useable. With the current stock of GPS satilies that are up there, you typically only see windows of an hour or two every 24 hours when you are down due to not enough satilites. Having a GLOSNOS enabled reciever pretty much eliminates these down times due to the fact that even an extra 8 satilies helps fill in the times when you don't have enough US GPS satilites avalible.
Surveying with 5 satilites is pretty dicy at best. You cant get up next to buildings, or trees without loosing lock. The ideal number is 8 good signals so you can move around next to objects, and loose a couple of signals, but still have a good lock on your position. Ten or twelve satilies is when we get our best results.
Here is some news for you. Georgia already is a member which means that Russia is not becoming a member anytime soon.
Baker's Law: Misery no longer loves company. Nowadays it insists on it
http://www.sigsegv.cx/
You might want to read the above post for how GPS works. You don't get your position from the satilites, you just get a time encoded signal. The reciever then uses the signal from at least 3 satilites to triangulate your position. If your reciever can recieve and interperate the signal fromt the GLOSNOS satilites, there is no reason why it can't use the results to augment the results you pulled calculated from the US GPS system.
I think the different systems, operated by different countries' militaries, will NOT cheerfully work together to give you a better fix on your position.
I fail to see how it would be possible for the two systems to be made to not work together. More data points is always going to give you better information. If I measure the length of something using three different methods, each giving me a 10% error, I can always combine the three readings and obtain a better answer than just one. If I remember my statistics correctly, the errors can be made to cancel each other out.
The fact that someone has already made a receiver that does exactly this makes your statement hard to understand.
AccountKiller
I think your "logic" just killed my last brain cells.
oh this had to be SA cause we would have 6-8 sats locked in on average ..
'...if only "Jumping to a Conclusion" was an event in the Olympics.'
I think your "logic" just killed my last brain cells.
Well, if you're not familiar with the stuff, it can be pretty heady your first time.
The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
The cake is a lie!
Ant(Dude) @ Quality Foraged Links (AQFL.net) & The Ant Farm (antfarm.ma.cx / antfarm.home.dhs.org).
So what improvement can be achieved by combining GLONASS & GPS? Another 10 satellites should improve accuracy, but the media isn't covering this.
"In somewhat upgraded form" our spacecraft are also still flying. In fact, it is such a wonderful all-encompassing expression — "in somewhat upgraded form" — that, pretty much, everything qualifies... But thank you for granting the "technically impressive" bit. One could deduce from that, that US has beaten the Soviets' butt back then at least on something.
And the Soviets knew that, BTW — they would not even deny it. Back when the whole world was glued to their TV-screens watching in awe as the Americans were walking on the Moon, the Soviet TV-viewers were shown some old footage of ballet... This is something your father would not be able to tell you.
You also conveniently skipped our Mars explorers — do ask your father, how those are inferior to a Russian tractor or something and get back to me...
You may need a refresher, on what "straw man" means. You should also look up, what "kicking butt" means too — Russian GLONASS remains vaporware, and yet you refuse to submit, that even in the field of GPS (ubiquitously available for years) America is ahead of the Soviets/Russians.
Right. And when you grow up, you'll really-really kick that guy's ass. But today he is kicking yours...
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
I disagree. There are notable military uses, and civilian ones, where entire countries are blocked from easily buying high-quality GPS technologies for political reasons. Battlefield transponders with soldier locations where you absolutely do not want the transponder to be pre-managed or built by the US military with automatic decryption keys comes to mind, coupled with a GPS-like system where the US government cannot manipulate your local data or trivially install blockers or man-in-the-middle intercept and replace the transmissions come to mind.
That's one sort of paranoia. The other sort is that a general failure of the GPS satellites due to a common system flaw or a cracker breaking into ground-control signals and disabling them is a very real risk: having a separate system with different satellites and fundamentally different technology is an excellent reason to have a secondary system. Like backing up your systems to 2 different media, it helps prevent a systemic bug from destroying *all* of your critical resource.
"In somewhat upgraded form" our spacecraft are also still flying. In fact, it is such a wonderful all-encompassing expression -- "in somewhat upgraded form" -- that, pretty much, everything qualifies...
..." and having an actual, workable plan building on a good track record. I'm sure both NASA and Roskosmos understand this. You, on the other hand, seem to be stuck in a fantasy world Russia simply can't build good space tech, despite decades of evidence to the contrary.
Apollo tech is dead. The vehicles we can put up there now have essentially nothing in common with it. In contrast, current Russian space tech is a direct descendant of what they were flying in the 60's. If we'd kept going with Apollo, building the planned successors to the Saturn V, upgrading a bit at every step the way the Russians did, we'd have something much better than anything they have, no doubt -- but we didn't. We had the lead, and we gave it up.
Back when the whole world was glued to their TV-screens watching in awe as the Americans were walking on the Moon, the Soviet TV-viewers were shown some old footage of ballet... This is something your father would not be able to tell you.
And your point is what, exactly? The USSR fed its citizens a lot of propaganda? Thanks for the news flash.
You also conveniently skipped our Mars explorers -- do ask your father, how those are inferior to a Russian tractor or something and get back to me...
The Mars rovers are very good, yes. You may also remember that we've had some spectacular failures. I will admit that right now, we're well ahead of Russia in Mars exploration, but that really doesn't have a whole lot to do with what's going on in Earth orbit, where navigation satellites are.
You may need a refresher, on what "straw man" means.
No, I really don't. You set up a false argument, and then showed to your satisfaction that it was false; that's exactly what a straw man is.
You should also look up, what "kicking butt" means too -- Russian GLONASS remains vaporware, and yet you refuse to submit, that even in the field of GPS (ubiquitously available for years) America is ahead of the Soviets/Russians.
Since you're so keen on the "you should look up X" argument, maybe you should look up what "vaporware" means. Hint: a working product that is in the process of being upgraded ain't it.
Right. And when you grow up, you'll really-really kick that guy's ass. But today he is kicking yours...
There's a big difference between "one of these days
The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
On the other hand a man with two clocks who averages them can know better than a man with one clock.
No matter how much petro wealth is created, a nation conceived from a lie can not do great things. At best, they can copy. Even then, poorly.
I had always hoped that when George Bush looked into Vladimir Putin's eyes, and found someone he could trust, he would force a copy of a biography of George Washington into his hands. It would have given him a recipe to follow.
Sadly, it was not to be. The Russians are beyond salvation.
I wish them the best (really, I do).
As far as the "space race" goes, a race is over when someone comes first. The Soviets were the first in space; thus, in October 1959, the space race was over. And, in a few years, so was the race to put the man in space. Learn to deal with it, will ya?
Then, the Americans launched a race to be the first on the Moon. "They started a war, but nobody came." It has turned out, the Americans competed against themselves. Oops.
Get your facts straight: in the sense of something being truly important for the science, not propaganda, the Russians were the first to even explore the Moon - with satellites, landers, robots, rovers... You sometimes should read something, something other than whatever you usually happen to read while sitting on the toilet.
Hey, "the Americans are better at exploration of Mars!" Hello! Anybody listening? Hello?..
Just what is this myminicity thing anyway? I've seen increasing Howls of Rage about links leading to it on /. and searching only turns up, well, Howls of Rage on /. about it so far.
"All that is necessary for evil to succeed is for good men to do nothing." - Edmund Burke
Yeah, the Soviet Union and Russia were notorious for manufacturing crap military equipment.
Wait a minute...
sic transit gloria mundi
It's a jerkoff forum spammer that keeps jumping into conversations with supposed links to interesting and relevant tidbits that all point through various redirects to his own useless site.
The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
If you are getting 10 satellites with strong L2 signals you are lucky. At 40 degrees north I rarely have eight satellites with decent L2 SNRs, and really appreciate the extra 1 to 3 sats GLONASS gives me. I'm talking about a Trimble R8 model 2, arguably the best GPS antenna and receiver on the market today.
This is going to help.
If you've ever worked with high-precision GPS gear, you know how frustrating it is. I've used such gear on robot vehicles. Three satellites give you approximate latitude and longitude, but not elevation. With four, you get elevation. With five, Omnistar corrections work and you can get 15cm accuracy. There are many times when you can't see five satellites on land; some may be too low in the sky and blocked by terrain. Plus, some GPS satellites may be down. They're not always operational.
In cities, it's hard to see five sats most of the time. Combination GPS/GLONASS units will be a big help for high-precision ground work.
The big problem with the original GLONASS sats was a short design life. They were only intended to work for a few years before replacement. The newer sats have a longer design life, so Russia should be able to keep the constellation running now. GPS sats have a useful life of about 15 years. #57 was launched on December 20, 2007, and replaces #37, launched in 1993.
It also depends what body of water you are on. Typically only the oceans will = ~0, Lakes, rivers, ponds, etc all have their own 'level'. For example even Lake Superior is nominally 602 ft above sea level and GPS would report you at 602 ft, relative to its zero datum the ocean's sea level.
Q: How many satellites does it take to fry a World? A: ??? Any offers?
Every little helps!
It's comptetion - it's good for you. Free markets, remember?
And as always, Europe talks about striving to be the forerunner in science and technology, talks some more, makes a halfhearted attempt of achieving the goal, gets into fights with the different parties involved, and is now surpassed by Russia of all countries. I'm ashamed of my continent.
-- Cheers!
If a job's not worth doing, it's not worth doing right.
A terrestrial user in the flat part of Ohio. As for reflections, those are greatly mitigated by the antenna design. The grandparent is apparently also a land surveyor - and survey grade receivers/antennas are much more discriminating than consumer ones. I don't know anyone outside surveyors and the military who pay attention to L2 signal strength.
Oh, lack of reliability is why *everyone* without access to engineering teams is using M16 instead the notoriously unreliable AK-47.
Granted, soviets completely lost the ball with when weapons started becoming computerized and insanely complex. Then again modern warfare is too expensive for any sane goverment. It is so much more cheaper to bribe a group of strategic people of a unfriendly country than bomb the country to a parking lot with multimillion dollar cruise missiles - And you'll still end up fighting against a ak-47 equipped resistance..
signatures pending - ansa@kos.to - (dont mail there)
Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire
mod parent up please, it is much more informative than that what i have written.
"It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
Thank you. For cleanliness you could have also retracted your dismissive:
I guess, that was a bit of an overstatement, was not it?
The argument, which you dismissed as "strawman", was that our existing (for years) GPS is superior to the Russian vaporware system. This superiority is a relevant counter-example to your above-quoted claim. This relevance makes you wrong thrice: 1) the original claim; 2) the dismissal of the counter-example as a "strawman"; 3) the insistance on it being a "strawman". Aren't you tired?
Well, start holding your breath now.
I know quite a bit more about Russia building anything than you and your father combined. They can build a space-craft, but they can not build a usable device. As the joke said, it will neither hum nor go where it is supposed to.
The quality of Soviet/Russian-made electronics sucks. You are talking about some awesome track-record, when, in fact, there is not any — not in the field of consumer-oriented space tech. All they have done before was done for the state's needs of prestige and military. And what little consumer electronics were made in Soviet times (none is made now), it was horrible. Not just subpar — horrible...
They may succeed this time, but I'm rather skeptical. If the world does get a GPS-alternative, it is far more likely that it will be a European one, although a sudden appearance of a Japanese or even a Chinese system can't be ruled out.
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
I don't think they've venturing into Finnish space because they have a navigation problem!
30 miles off the cost of NC into the atlantic ocean.. prety sure i was at sea level
'...if only "Jumping to a Conclusion" was an event in the Olympics.'
RTK is a real-time form of DGPS. DGPS describes any system in which a receiver at a know position is used to correct a receiver at an unknown/uncorrected position, be it in real-time or post-processed.
Really??? Last I checked WAAS satellites, in additions to providing corrections, can be used as ranging sources as well...
Continent? Then rejoice: a huge and the most important chunk of Russia is located in Europe!
I thought once I saw the !glowingass tag that there would be some shred of humor in this one.
I thought with christmas just passed, there would be some retarded reindeer joke or something... Something to make me laugh while I am stuck @ work doing nothing!
How much is your data worth? Back it up now.
How about spaceflightnow!! http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0712/25glonass/
Jebus.
simple, fast homepage with your links: http://www.ngumbi.com/
What good does L2 do to surveyors without Y code capability?
The L2 is on a different frequency than the L1, by monitoring the different propagation delays of the L1 and the L2 frequencies you are able to model ionospheric conditions and compensate for them.
The cyphertext is good enough for that.
Just one of the needed tricks to get reliable, real-time, sub CM positions.
The Y code itself isn't nearly as valuable as dual-frequency reception.
In Soviet Science, Gladnost satellite launch YOU!
.
- aqk
F U
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