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One In 100 Carry Mutation For Heart Disease
mmmscience brings us news of a new study, published in Nature Genetics by an international team of scientists, that tells a scary story: globally, 1% of the population carry a gene mutation that is almost guaranteed to lead to some form of heart problems. On the Indian subcontinent, the prevalence is 4%. The mutation is a 25-letter deletion of DNA data on the heart protein gene MYBPC3, believed to have arisen in India 30,000 years ago. The researchers say that the mutation wasn't selected out of the population because its effects don't occur until after the childbearing years. The article mentions a prediction that "by 2010 India's population will suffer approximately 60% of the world's heart disease."
India cannot support hundreds of millions of elderly pensioners. Long-term this will probably be a competitive advantage over China.
I was recently diagnosed with Giant Cell Myocarditis at age 29 and am now awaiting a heart transplant. No one knows why it hit me.
MYBPC3 = MY Blood Pressure Crap Crap Crap
India has a population of C. 1.1 billion, to a world total of 6.7 or so. If 1.1 billion have a 4% prevalence, that is ~44 million. If 6.7 billion have an overall 1% prevalence, that would be ~67 million. 67-44 gives us 23 million affected among the 5.6 billion non-indian humans. That makes for ~.4% among non-indians. This assumes, of course, that the 1% number is worldwide, rather than non-indian worldwide. 1/10th the risk is fairly dramatic; but .4% is only slightly less than 1 in 200 people, which is very much in the "somebody, probably several people, you know and or work with have it right now" territory rather than the "vague abstract risk" territory.
This is why I'm going pre-med. In the hopes that within 8 to 10 years I'll be a specialist in cardiology. While my motives aren't exactly pure (money) I'll still be helping some people. But seriously, Baby boomers... you guys are so boned.
Eat sleep die
.4% is 1 in 250.
In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is usually crucified.
Most of the population affected outside India are probably Indian or have a significant Indian ancestry. This doesn't change your numbers, but shows that the risk is actually much higher or lower depending on your social group.
A mutant with 60+million descendants. Perhaps there is hope for me after all.
circulation issues are known to cause ED, but are also known to cause priopism.
I suspect the latter happened in this "mutant".
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Watch health insurers start demanding blood samples.
They already rifle through our health records freely thanks to holes they bought in our so called medical "privacy" standards.
As the genome gets further and further mapped, expect more and more people to be "uninsurable at any price".
I welcome another 1-4% of the world to my hell.
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It always amazes me how science-leaning people such as those on slashdot seem to think all disease should be made to go away. Anybody who has any sense of reality knows that our species is FAR BEYOND overpopulated. I find it sickening that those who claim to have logical minds think that unnatural population levels can "be made to work".
The fact is that we need BILLIONS of people to die if the planet and its inhabitants (all living species, not just human) are ever going to have a chance. Call me sadistic, but for the sake of every other species of life on this planet... I wish the rate of heart disease was 30-60%, not 1%.
Oooh, 1 in 100! Sounds scary! I'm at risk! Wait... lets apply some critical thinking to that number, shall we?
globally, 1% of the population carry a gene mutation that is almost guaranteed to lead to some form of heart problems.
World population is about 6.7B. Total number of people with this mutation in the world:
1% * 6.7B = 67M.
On the Indian subcontinent, the prevalence is 4%.
According to Wikipedia, the subcontinent "accounts for about 40 percent of Asia's population," which is 4B. Total number of people there with this mutation:
4% * 40% * 4B = 64M
So, the percentage of people NOT on the Indian subcontinent that carry this mutation is:
(67M - 64M) / (6.7B - 40%*4B) = 0.06%.
With such a great geographical disparity in incidence, using the global 1% figure to generate the headline of "1 in 100 carry mutation" is incredibly misleading.
The linked article is quite a bit better. It's titled "The heart disease mutation carried by 60 million," and focuses on this as being primarily an Indian problem. Somehow I'm not surprised to see kdawson as the editor on this one.
I'm glad I wasn't the 1st one.
the thing i hate about these nonsense genetic claims, is that there is a 100% probability you are going to die of something. so claiming 60% of people will die of heart disease (because heart failure and cancer are what take out most of our population) is like pronouncing you have discovered people grow old and die. what would be more accurate, but you will never see them do it, is to tell us who will die a PREMATURE death due to heart disease. the reason they won't do it is there is far more to what kills you than genetics and admitting as much might see grant money going else where.
If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
With over 6 billion 1% possibly looks like a natural population control mechanism.
This is why I only invest in racist insurance companies...
Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
Why the hell is my left arm hurting?
It always amazes me how science-leaning people such as those on slashdot seem to think all disease should be made to go away. Anybody who has any sense of reality knows that our species is FAR BEYOND overpopulated. I find it sickening that those who claim to have logical minds think that unnatural population levels can "be made to work".
The fact is that we need BILLIONS of people to die if the planet and its inhabitants (all living species, not just human) are ever going to have a chance. Call me sadistic, but for the sake of every other species of life on this planet... I wish the rate of heart disease was 30-60%, not 1%.
Or we could look at it from the other perspective.
Our evolutionary specialty is technology. Crisies place pressure on us to create new technology, we lose part of our species, then create the new technology and move on.
The dramatic increase in population is necessary to compel the colonization of nearby celestial bodies.
I applaud it, and hope it continues. We either adapt or die, and if we can't exercise our evolutionary niche, then it was truly limited and its time for us to go.
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Well, yes... but if you think you know your genetic history, and don't have a printed gene sequence test in front of you, the odds are you're wrong.
Talk to genetic paleontologists. Genes are a lot more mobile among populations than people admit.
I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
Don't worry about carrying a 1% gene. Carrying a BigMac bag is far more likely to lead to heart attacks than genetics.
Engineering is the art of compromise.
That depends. If you're in America, your odds of getting heart disease are substantially greater than if you lived in Europe. Part of that is genetics, part is exercise, part is diet, part is that Europeans don't work themselves to death.
Yes, there are probably lots of genetic markers that could increase your risk of one condition or another. There will be other genetic markers that reduce your risk. Until you know more than just one or two, you have no means of knowing what the overall effect will be.
It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
As President Rossevelt's doctor is quoted as saying, words to the effect of "A physician could expect to see one or two cases in a whole career."
Genetics is just another red-herring.
For all you know, the last time you were given a drugs test at work, you were screened by the company for such risks. It's not like you'll ever know if they know. They're not going to tell you, all you'll know is that your premiums seem higher than normal.
So go ahead. Take the test anonymously. You can buy a "gift kit" to be delivered to a PO Box, the company doing the testing won't care. Then you will know the answer and be able to take sensible precautions (when they're known).
It won't help the insurance companies, but they're rich enough and manipulative enough that they don't need your help and there's nothing you can do to stop them. You can reject all the testing companies you like, but if they wanted to know that badly, they'd know.
Isn't it smarter to know at least as much as your insurance company about your health? Paranoia won't save you now.
It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
Now that they've identified the problem, there's a reasonable chance that it can be treated. It might well require a weekly pill or some such, or even a shot, as RNA is too delicate to trust to the gut. But many such things are treatable already.
India has a flourishing medical community, including many pharmaceutical companies. I would expect them to jump on this quickly.
I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
"Health nuts are going to feel stupid someday, lying in hospitals dying of nothing." --Redd Foxx
Game: Player 'Donald J Trump' now has AI skill level 'experimental'.
Reading this ... gives .. me .. a .. heart.. attack ... worrying ... too .. much ...
(and if I didn't get one, anti-William Shattner folks would sure have a fit ;))
--- I am known for the ones who want to find me on the net. Is that a privacy risk or a privilege? One might wonder..
Wait until the US has some sort of universal health care, and immigration from India is outlawed as a "cost cutting measure".
... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
That's one worrysome reply! You guys are a menace for people with a weak heart!
NYRGHRHGHGHHGHGHHHH
Did you mean: NYGHRHGHGHGHGHHHH
No standard web pages containing all your search terms were found.
Your search - NYRGHRHGHGHHGHGHHHH - did not match any documents.
--- I am known for the ones who want to find me on the net. Is that a privacy risk or a privilege? One might wonder..
The presence of this deletion in many Indian populations with varied geographical and ancestral backgrounds raises the question of how geographically widespread it is outside India. We therefore also analyzed 63 world population samples, comprising 2,085 indigenous individuals from 26 countries including all five continents. The 25-bp deletion was observed in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Malaysia, (all heterozygotes) but was absent from other samples. Thus, the deletion is a common variant in individuals from South Asia, present in Southeast Asia, but undetectable elsewhere (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Table 5 online).
The supplementary materials give the sample sizes for each of the ethnic groups that were sampled and the number of deletion carriers. Most of the individual samples are small, but in the aggregate they do strongly suggest that the deletion is practically non-existent outside of South Asia and a few neighboring areas.
This does raise the question of how the media got this 1% prevalence estimate, unless I completely missed it in the article. In general, media outlets don't report the contents of peer-reviewed articles, they report the contents of press releases that accompany (or precede) the articles.
The gene is responsible for Hypertrophic Cardio Myopathy. HCM causes a thickening of the heart muscle and is often treated with medication, installation of an ICD to mitigate the chance of sudden cardiac death and for those with obstructions, a myectomy can be done. Something like 5% of HCM cases will require a heart transplant.
Gene testing is something I'll be doing soon to identify exactly which mutation I have, several are responsible for HCM. Once that's done I'll have my kids tested so they don't have to go through the annual testing that they are beginning this year.
HCM is the number one cause of sudden cardiac death in people under the age of 30. You may have heard of professional or college level athletes dying on the court/field/ whatever. This is usually the cause.
I am in otherwise excellent condition. I have had a "healthy lifestyle" my whole life but now I can't walk up a flight of stairs without experiencing shortness of breath. I will likely have a myectomy this year.
The good news is that this operation has a very high success rate. Another piece of good news is that if you have HCM and are treated by a specialist your life expectancy jumps back up to that of the general population.
Giant cells seem to be a function of the body to fight off infections. I have a feeling, that in the future, we will find out that many diseases are caused/triggered by viral infections, along with some failure of a tumor suppressor gene.
One of my patients had a heart transplant 20+ years ago and is doing great, so things look really good for you, once ya do the engine change.
Best of luck to ya.
Please donate organs - worms have no use for them.
..........FULL STOP.
Honestly, even as a very specialized surgeon, if I wanted to make money, I could have done much better on Wall St. My brother who is an economist, has done quite well, and works much less than I.
The job has sooo many hassles, and stress that if you don't love what you're doing, then it's not worth it.
Seriously.
Honestly, I love my fucking job, and would still do it, even if I won the lottery. Just would work less than 50 hours a week, instead of 80.
..........FULL STOP.
Let's see
4 years med school (100k debt)
3 years medicine residency (some more debt)
4 years cardiology fellowship (50k/year)
That's 11 years, and only 7 of those will you be making any money at all (start at 30k and work your way up to 50k for 80 hrs/week).
If money is your goal, then you'd be better off working now, placing some in the bank, and let the magic of compounded interest make it for you.
..........FULL STOP.
Feeling it to be the ohh ! What a gal! .. Gotta crush on you...
Gal - Looks like u r an Indian ..and seems like u r mutated.
[Its not the heart disease ... Its the HEART Problem],
Scribed from - Intercepts of Yoga and Kamasutra.
See, a silver lining in the outsourcing of I.T. conundrum.
The researchers say that the mutation wasn't selected out of the population because its effects don't occur until after the childbearing years.
It's not that simple though. One's roll in the gene pool does not (indirectly) end when you lose fertility. The grandparents care for the children, and in doing so, their children's (related) DNA is encouraged. Also, unlike women, men don't have menopause, and are also affected by heart disease etc and a man's DNA is just as genetically useful at 60 as it was at 25.
I'd question that researcher's conclusion..
I work for the Department of Redundancy Department.
I'd like to thank India for taking on this burden.
Now if we can find the who carries the gene for being a moron. I suspect its more than 1 in a 100.
That's an interesting development in a well-known genetic heart defect. Myosin binding protein C is well known, and mutations in MYPBC3 are one of the most common causes of heart defects in humans (and cats).
If parents are comfortable with prenatal testing and abortion, this genetic defect could be effectively eliminated, in the same way that Down's syndrome has declined dramatically. In principle, the MYPBC3 defect would eventually be eliminated from the population.
MYPBC3 is a pretty cool protein, BTW. It connects the light chains and the heavy chains that make up muscle fibers. Obviously if the proteins that make up muscle fibers come apart you're going to have problems.
Here's a beautiful illustration http://pawpeds.com/pawacademy/health/mybpc3/figure1.jpg which shows how MYPBC3 comes out of the thick filament and holds onto the thin filament, sort of like this:
____________
====/==/====
(That illustration comes from an article here http://pawpeds.com/pawacademy/health/mybpc3/ about how Dr. Kittleson, in a stroke of nominative determinism, studied the defect in kittens.)
Another common cause of heart defects is protein called beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7). MYH7 also comes out of the heavy chain. It's the one that looks like a bean pod. It looks a little like this:
____________
====P==P====
Here's a kewl animation of how it works http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/actin_myosin.html with myosin walking along actin filaments. If you don't think this animation is funny, then molecular biology is not one of your aptitudes.
Or just do a Google image search for actin and myosin http://images.google.com/images?rls=ig&hl=en&q=actin+and+myosin
I'm sorry to say that the Wikipedia entries on this subject are not too user-friendly right now. Somebody should work on that.
"The researchers say that the mutation wasn't selected out of the population because its effects don't occur until after the childbearing years"
That doesn't make sense. Surviving beyond childbearing years would have a large impact on your offspring's reproductive capacity.
Unless perhaps the effect of the gene kicks in just as you're getting old enough to require support rather than give it. In which case, the gene might even be selected *for*.
Posting as AC because 1. no account 2. cold-hearted analysis.
Don't worry, 10% of north americans and europeans suffer from moneyitis, the deadly disease of insurance companies paying doctors to overlook symptoms. Incurable diseases are much cheaper then curable ones.
On the flip-side, we've got pharmaceutical companies making billions off diseases we don't necessarily have...
War as we knew it was obsolete
Nothing could beat complete denial
- Emily Haines
[clunk, falls on floor grasping chest]
Ha Ha!! [Nelson]
Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
Well, I'm sure even today's private insurance companies rate people based on predisposition of their race towards diseases. I"m sure blacks are rated based on things like sickle cell anemia. I seem to remember there is some jewish birth defect or something that is relatively common, etc.
I don't think it would be 'racist' to base risk scores on people due to their race, since these are risks commonly associated with their genetic makeup. It is based sole risk. I mean, it is the same aas basing risk on behaviors that are dangerous like someone that is horribly overweight and smokes. Sure, one is genetic and one is behavior, but they are both risk factors to be weighed in a business decision.
Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
James Watson has 20 genes in the 5000 disease gene database according to an article in Nature last year. In last week's Sunday's New York Times Steve Pinker, one of the first 13 people to have their genomes fully sequenced, said he had several unexpressed bad genes, including a gene for baldness.
I believe Congress is planning a law that says insurance companies cant deny on basis of genome, due to the current lack of understanding.
Companies still drug test?
Man...I've not come across that since one of my first "real jobs" back in like '93 or so...none since then, and these are even on high security jobs.
Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
Well, I'm sure even today's private insurance companies rate people based on predisposition of their race towards diseases.
When private insurance companies are paying for your health care, the worst they can do is jack up your rate, deny claims, or not insure you at all. But the government has the power to do anything. Look at helmet laws for motorcyclists, seatbelt laws, and the myriad of others, which serve no purpose but to reduce the socialized cost of health care. Imagine what laws will be passed when the government is picking up all of the tab for everyone's health care, all in the name of reducing costs.
I seem to remember there is some jewish birth defect or something that is relatively common, etc.
I think you're referring to Tay-Sachs disease.
... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
private insurance companies rate people based on predisposition of their race towards diseases. . . I seem to remember there is some jewish birth defect or something that is relatively common
Judaism is not a race, it's a religion.
Do you honestly feel the only reason to have seat belt laws is to reduce the cost of socialized medicine? Does the loss of life angle mean nothing to you?
Do you honestly feel the only reason to have seat belt laws is to reduce the cost of socialized medicine?
Yes, the only reason we have seat belt laws (for adults), is because of the increased accident-related costs. Why else would we have them? If someone wants to do something risky and stupid, more power to them. But if I am the one picking up the tab for the consequences, why don't I have the right to restrict such behavior?
Does the loss of life angle mean nothing to you?
Not really. Freedom to live my life in a manner of my choosing means so much more. If people want to do things which risk their lives, that's their right. Who am I to tell anyone how much risk they can take? If I weren't paying part of your hospital bills, I wouldn't care what you did to yourself.
... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
And since the results are kept in secret, and since any "extras" ordered via back-handers will be doubly-secret, I don't see how anyone could ever hope to discover if the objections were honoured. There will always be plausible denial. Businesses have had thousands more years than Government to develop the perfect mix of corruption, stealth and finesse. This doesn't mean such things will happen on any given screening, what it means is that you can't ever know.
The only consequence to that I can see is that you should protect yourself as if they know nothing, but learn as much as you can about your genetics as if they knew everything. Maybe the reason insurance companies charge such fantastically high rates is because they already know far more than the rest of us. (I doubt it, because health-care in the US is double that of the next-closest industrialized nation for the same standard of care per capita, and Americans can't be that unhealthy. Well, given the number of Blobs I've seen crunching the street, maybe they can.)
It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
Absolutely!
I've been lucky enough to be pretty healthy, but every time I can remember seeing a doctor for something relatively minor, they found ways to use "creative wording" to bill my insurance the maximum amount possible.
EG. One time, I had a wax build-up in my left ear. I woke up one morning and could barely hear out of it. The clinic I went to charged me for the nurse who tried to remove it, but wasn't very skilled at using the rinsing tool that's used to clean out the ear. So she went to ask for help from one of the doctors who was more skilled at it. (He spent a whole 45 seconds to a minute, and got my ear situation fixed.) When my insurance statement came back in the mail later, I saw I was billed the regular fee for the service, but a second fee for "Level 2 care" was added, because the doctor got involved, and that bill was over 3x the first fee.
I mean, technically, I guess this wasn't "fraudulent" -- but I think it's borderline dishonest at the very least. I'm pretty sure if I was paying out of pocket as an uninsured patient, they would never have billed it the same way.
here comes the solution for medicare problem
I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
Ok, some people care about other humans that they don't know.
While anti smoking campaigns increase the cost of heath care the reduction in human suffering is considered a net gain. As a sociopath you probably have problems understanding much of human behavior, but just consider people consistently act in what you might consider strange ways. Even if you don't understand peoples motivations they still exist and drive peoples behavior. With a little effort you can probably work out the logic, even if you don't have an emotional reaction to such things.
Do you honestly feel the only reason to have seat belt laws is to reduce the cost of socialized medicine? Does the loss of life angle mean nothing to you?
I don't need the government to tell me what I will and will not do with my body.
If I decide to jump off a cliff, technically, that's perfectly legal. So is drinking bleach.
By extension, if I want to drive around without a seat belt, risking my life (and noone else's), then that is my perogative, not some cop's who happens to be driving past in the opposite direction with nothing better to do.
Disclaimer: The opinions and actions of the US Gov't are in no way representative of those held by this author or its ci
"all heterozygotes"?
The mutation is recessive, right? If so, that makes it 0.01^2=0.01% population...
I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
Ok, some people care about other humans that they don't know.
Just because I don't feel the need to boss others around and make choices for them, doesn't mean I don't care about others. I think everyone should wear their seatbelt. It is stupid not to. It really sucks when people die from preventable causes.
But at no time, do I consider my feelings of caring, a valid reason to run peoples' lives for them. I can implore people to wear their seatbelts. But I cannot, ethically, force people to follow arbitrary safety rules, when they are hurting no one else.
As a sociopath you probably have problems understanding much of human behavior, but just consider people consistently act in what you might consider strange ways.
As a sociopath, you probably have problems understanding why personal freedom should be respected, but just consider people consistently act in what you might consider strange ways.
... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
And I had a heart attack last month. At 39. If I'd known about this, I wouldn't have chosen to be from the Indian subcontinent!
I'm not convinced. They've found seven markers where the permutation you have indicates whether you are likely to get Chronic Fatigue and how severely. They expect to find more. And that's for what is officially considered a single condition. Autism is connected to at three different markers they know about, two more they suspect and again, probably others besides, where again the permutation determines the form and severity. You need a minimum of ten markers to explain the different subclasses of Bipolar Disorder. One or two markers per condition might tell you if you have the most common form, but as even a common condition is still relatively rare, the benefit in absolute terms of just testing that one form doesn't seem terribly great.
It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
Heart-attack Boy!
For example...the helmet law for motorcycles.
Until a few years ago, LA had repealed the old law, and adults could decide if they wanted to wear one or not. I often did, but, when I didn't feel like it, I didn't. That should be my choice as a free adult, that is responsible for my actions.
And before anyone goes onto how it costs us 'all' for non-helmet riders in wrecks, I for one can tell you for a fact, since that bitch of a govenor re-instated the helmet laws...not a single persons insurance rates dropped as a result of said law.
I'm hoping at some point, we can get Jindal to get behind efforts out there to repeal the helmet law again, but, we'll have to see.
I can appreciate your concern for your fellow man, but, I'd much rather let each person be responsible for their own actions and safety.
Is it stupid to ride a bike without a helmet? Yep...in most cases yes. However, it should be my choice. True freedom also gives a person the freedom to be an idiot, and make mistakes.
Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
Yes they are. We call them JEWS for a reason. THEY ARE BORN into jewsish families brainwashed from young age to marry only other jews, OF COURSE there are going to be inbreeding mutations...
Shhhhh! I was going to package all of that into some pills and sell them as a miracle health cure. You've gone and spoiled it now. Bah! :) Seriously, you are correct that a healthy diet is important. I'd add one more item: try to incorporate foods with a high level of flavenoids (these include red grapes, onions, and a few other foods - if I recall, blueberries are also on the list). The strongest concentration of flavenoids appears to be in the seeds of red grapes, although red grapes alone are very good for you.
A generically good diet will indeed minimize genetic risks (by eliminating triggers, reducing molecules that the body has a harder time processing, and so on), although it should be possible to optimize the diet if you have a better idea of whether any "typically good" foods will actually be harmful in your specific case. In general, I doubt the difference will be significant.
Knowing health risks may have other benefits. In the case of Chronic Fatigue, it turns out a medicine for one form won't help with a different form (and may even be dangerous - one close friend died from the meds she was given because of this kind of prescription error). In other cases, if the information tells you that some substance X will worsen the condition (Chemical X is another matter), then you can make sensible choices about location - well, assuming pollution is documented well enough. We know, for example, that the Willamette Valley in Oregon is horribly polluted, particularly with mercury. Dangerous levels, well above acceptable levels, can be found in the water, soil and air. From this, we can deduce that all people in Portland are as mad as a hatter - and for the same reason - but that's obvious. Many cities have horribly polluted water supplies (which explains why there are so many teenage mutant ninja cats on YouTube) but there's no reason to suppose all cities carry the same pollution. Knowing what you're likely to be sensitive to in advance would be very helpful.
For these reasons, I would argue that even if you can't do anything about the gene, there is an enormous amount you can do by knowing if the gene is present - and an enormous amount you can do even if you have absolutely no idea and/or don't care.
It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
Depends... There are such people who are ethnically Jewish. I would like to refer you to the Mt Sinai Center for Jewish Genetic Diseases.
http://www.mssm.edu/jewish_genetics/
Thats because you sit in front of a computer screen not the controls of a 747.
09F911029D74E35BD84156C5635688C0
+2 Troll is Slashdot's way of saying groupthink is confused