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Thomas Edison's Kindle

harrymcc writes "In 1911, Thomas Edison bragged that he could make a 40,000-page book by printing the pages on thin pieces of metal. In the mid-1930s, newspapers experimented with transmitting special editions into homes via early fax machines. In 1956, Chrysler tried to sell Americans on buying 7-inch records that could only be played on a tiny turntable built into its cars' dashboards. Over at Technologizer, I rounded up these and a dozen other fascinating, forgotten gadget ideas that didn't work out — but which foreshadowed products and technologies that eventually became a big deal."

40 of 98 comments (clear)

  1. hmmm by nomadic · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Pages 1/20,000th of an inch thick? What exactly keeps you from lopping off your fingers?

    1. Re:hmmm by Sir_Lewk · · Score: 4, Funny

      Exactly what I was thinking. I have a feeling such a book would provide a much better shave than a read.

      --
      "linux is just DOS with a UNIX like syntax" -- Galactic Dominator (944134)
    2. Re:hmmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Pages 1/20,000th of an inch thick? What exactly keeps you from lopping off your fingers?

      And if you dropped it in your lap....

    3. Re:hmmm by Trogre · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Do you lop off your fingers when handling Christmas tinsel? How about aluminium ("tin") foil?

      --
      "Nine times out of ten, starting a fire is not the best way to solve the problem." - my wife
    4. Re:hmmm by TBoon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'd imagine it to be so thin it would be quite soft. In fact so soft that it would either tear, or get crumbled up and unsuable.

    5. Re:hmmm by SpinyNorman · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nowadsys Tinsel is made of plastic.

    6. Re:hmmm by Anonymous+Monkey · · Score: 4, Funny

      I can make a tin foil hat with my feet. It's important to practice such skills because you might get handcuffed one day.

      --
      We are the Borg...
    7. Re:hmmm by Angst+Badger · · Score: 4, Interesting

      That's not the real problem. Nickel pages 1.27 microns thick simply don't have enough stiffness for you to be able to pick up a page without crinkling it, never mind any risk to the skin on your fingers, which is quite resilient by comparison. What Mr. Edison wasn't thinking about -- I assume he was speaking off the cuff to the interviewer, as he certainly had the technical knowledge -- was the tensile strength of nickel. If you think it's hard to handle a sheet of aluminum foil without getting it crinkled, good luck with nickel leaf.

      The other problem is that layers of printing ink have thickness. It doesn't matter a whole lot with paper (for most inks, anyway) because paper is so thick relative to the ink, but relative to 1.27 micron metal leaf, it's another matter altogether. Bear in mind that most of the ink sits on or near the surface of the paper -- if it soaked in too much it would cause the outlines of the letters to blur. And with paper, there is actually lots of empty space in the fibers for the pigment particles (mostly carbon) and the binder to settle in. Nickel leaf, on the other hand, is not fibrous, and while I suppose it might eventually be possible to cheaply mass produce sheets of nanoscale nickel fibers, it's not possible now and sure as heck wasn't in Edison's day.

      The idea of using nickel isn't an entirely bad one, though printing isn't the way to go. The Long Now Foundation -- the current project of Stewart Brand, the guy who gave us the classic hippie Whole Earth Catalog -- is working on using an excimer laser to etch 350,000 pages onto 2.8-inch nickel discs. This will be actual, unencoded, human-readable text -- if the human in question has a student-grade microscope capable of 650x magnification. The required technology already exists; the main problem, aside from the sheer expense of the equipment, is that it takes a day and a half to etch a single disc this way. I can't help but think that Brand would be better off using a chip fab to crank out more or less the same thing using the same technology we use for making tiny circuits.

      --
      Proud member of the Weirdo-American community.
    8. Re:hmmm by michaelhood · · Score: 2, Funny
  2. Success is timing as much as great ideas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Success is timing as much as great ideas. Your customers have to be ready for it. It happens on the macro level, with mass produced products, and on the micro: I learned long ago that if my clients aren't ready to adapt a new technology, it is a waste of time to push it on them. Usually they come around to it a few years later. :)

    'Ready' usually means that it is a small mental step forward and they see a pressing need for it.

    1. Re:Success is timing as much as great ideas by socz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I completely agree. I once told my friends about an idea I had called "a home server - a server for your home." It could be used for controlling what time the AC or heating kicked in, turns lights on and off, and even opened windows blinds! Of course, the latest technology offered video playing, but it wasn't an easy feat nor practically affordable for anyone who was a professional.

      Of course I was laughed at and told "if it was such a good idea, someone would have thought of it and made it by now." So a few years pass by and technology made some awesome advancements. So now we have linux boxes that run your pool at optimum points in time to help you save money, HTPC's and gaming PC's. And that's just what a little reading will get you. The true beauty comes with taking the time to learn the systems more in depth so you can create whatever you please.

      I still await amassing enough of a fortune to start my manufacturing plant to create, patent and produce my own designs. But in the mean time I have to fight off those who say "if it was such a great idea, someone would have made it by now..."

      --
      My abilities are only limited by my imagination
    2. Re:Success is timing as much as great ideas by Bluesman · · Score: 2, Funny

      I thought of a device that will send video output to my TV via an ATSC 8VSB signal. That exists too.

      --
      If moderation could change anything, it would be illegal.
    3. Re:Success is timing as much as great ideas by Elektroschock · · Score: 2, Informative

      In Fritz Lang's movie Metropolis Feder talks with the worker over a video telephone. The technology was operational in the thirties and presented, it just didn't happen. When cable TV was introduced the concept of a return channel was discussed, e.g. for home shopping.

  3. Thomas Edison's Kindle? by dangitman · · Score: 3, Funny

    Sounds kind of like Ayn Rand's slashdot.org. Oh wait, we already have that.

    --
    ... and then they built the supercollider.
  4. There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by rolfwind · · Score: 3, Informative

    In France, by a guy named Caselli, called a Pantelegraph:
    http://www.telephonecollecting.org/caselli.htm

    1. Re:There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by biryokumaru · · Score: 5, Funny

      Some of other Caselli's inventions were: an electrical marine torpedo which came back to the launching point in the event of missing the mark, an hydraulic press and an instrument that measures the speed of the locomotives.

      A torpedo that comes back if it misses? What could possibly go wrong? This man was clearly a genius!

      --
      When you're afraid to download music illegally in your own home, then the terrorists have won!
    2. Re:There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Funny

      Some of other Caselli's inventions were: an electrical marine torpedo which came back to the launching point in the event of missing the mark, an hydraulic press and an instrument that measures the speed of the locomotives.

      A torpedo that comes back if it misses? What could possibly go wrong? This man was clearly a genius!

      Naturally, Australians got there first.

    3. Re:There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by TBoon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      A torpedo that comes back if it misses? What could possibly go wrong? This man was clearly a genius!

      The genious part would be to sell it to your enemies!

    4. Re:There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by icepick72 · · Score: 2, Funny

      On that page, the background image and faded foreground text are clearly meant to slow down reading and comprehension so we can savor the article.

    5. Re:There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by D+Ninja · · Score: 3, Funny

      A torpedo that comes back if it misses? What could possibly go wrong?

      Ahhh...that really lends a whole new kind of meaning to the word BOOMerang.

    6. Re:There was an early fax machine in the 1860s by vegiVamp · · Score: 3, Insightful

      No, no, no. You have to look at the bigger picture. This technology will help us evolve a breed of near-infallible marksmen.

      --
      What a depressingly stupid machine.
  5. TFA gets it completely wrong on the 'Kindle' by fiannaFailMan · · Score: 3, Informative

    The author of TFA seems to have misunderstood what he has posted:

    Even the pages of books may be made of steel, though Edison regards nickel as a better substitute for paper”Why not?” asks Edison. “Nickel will absorb printer’s ink. A sheet of nickel one twenty-thousandth of an inch thick is cheaper, tougher, and more flexible than an ordinary sheet of book-paper. A nickel book, two inches thick, would contain 40,000 pages. Such a book would weigh only a pound. I can make a pound of nickel sheets for a dollar and a quarter.”

            Hereis a prospect of real culture for the masses Forty thousand pages in a volume! A single volume the equivalent in printing space of two hundred paper-leaved books of two hundred pages each! What a library might be placed between two steel covers and sold for, perhaps, two dollars!

    He wasn't talking about having a small device that could 'download' content remotely. He was just talking about using nickel as a substitute for paper, but the book would still essentially be a printed one and the content would be 'hard coded' in ink, albeit you'd still get a lot more pages in there.

    Either that or I'm missing something.

    --
    Drill baby drill - on Mars
    1. Re:TFA gets it completely wrong on the 'Kindle' by ChinggisK · · Score: 3, Informative

      The author is saying that Edison's idea could give you a lot of books in one object, like a Kindle does; the relation he is drawing has nothing to do with downloadable content.

    2. Re:TFA gets it completely wrong on the 'Kindle' by dlenmn · · Score: 2, Interesting

      He wasn't talking about having a small device that could 'download' content remotely.

      Where did the author say that he was? I think the author's comparison to the kindle is just because they can store a lot of words in a little space. Whether that is a valid comparison is another issue.

    3. Re:TFA gets it completely wrong on the 'Kindle' by m.ducharme · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Either that or I'm missing something.

      Just an ear for metaphor and simile.

      --
      Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
  6. Another invention that didn't work out by MrEricSir · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...was breaking up your article into four arbitrary pages on the web.

    Or at least, I *hope* that's what people will think in the future.

    --
    There's no -1 for "I don't get it."
  7. Another Idea that will not catch on (hopefully) by icebike · · Score: 2, Funny

    Using Slashdot to hype your own damn blog!

    --
    Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    1. Re:Another Idea that will not catch on (hopefully) by isomer1 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Unfortunately the Slashdot story submission process almost requires you to post the stories on your own site. The problem is that the main url for the story must be unique among all story submissions, but the writeup must also be decent (yes that second point is debatable). So if any of the bagillion other slashdot readers submits the story before you, you're out of luck. And if they write a crappy one sentence description the story gets rejected and that original url is permablocked but the submission process. The process naturally selects the autobloggers that provide a unique url (typically to their own site) and provide a good (read inflammatory) description.

  8. Hellschreiber by leighklotz · · Score: 4, Informative

    Hellscrhreiber was used in the 1930's. It uses a font to send text over a wire (or radio) link, as off-on pulses for pixels.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellschreiber

    Some hams still use it, for kicks. It's got good performance in noise (weak signal mode).

    1. Re:Hellschreiber by gyrogeerloose · · Score: 3, Informative

      Some hams still use [Hellschreiber}, for kicks. It's got good performance in noise (weak signal mode).

      Easy on your transmitter too (low duty rate) and a pretty narrow bandwidth (75Hz), but slow (35WPM) compared to PSK31. Hell does have a couple of big advantages, though, one being that the operator is in the translation process and can interpret when the reception gets dodgy. Another is that, being a facsimile process, the sender can use any font he/she chooses. And it sounds cool, too--sort of like crickets.

      KJ6BSO

      --
      This ain't rocket surgery.
  9. Mail-in mainframe access by Brett+Johnson · · Score: 5, Funny

    Side note: Popular Science used the article to introduce a service in which readers could get access to mainframe programs by filling out forms with input data and mailing them to PopSci, which would then run [the] program and send the results back in a S.A.S.E. the reader had supplied. It may have been the least real-time approach to computing in the history of the universe.

    Edward waits impatiently for the letter carrier to arrive. "Where is he?", Edward musses, checking his watch.

    Every day this week, Edward had rifled through the mail as soon as it had arrived, hoping to see that special envelope. And every day this week, the postman brought only bills and grocery store circulars.

    But today - certainly today - would be the day he would receive the results of his climate modeling simulation. It just had to come today!

    Edward sees the postman coming down the street. His mailbag seems a bit heavier today ... Could it be? Why doesn't he walk faster!?

    Finally, the mailman reaches Edward's house and pulls out a bundle of letters. Edward anxiously grabs the lot from the hands of the postman. One of the envelopes is notably thick; Edward pulls it out and checks the return address. "YES!", he exclaims, seeing it was from Popular Science. He hands back the rest of the pile and dashes up the stairs with his precious packet.

    Edward gives himself a paper cut opening the envelope, but is oblivious to the pain. His mind is focused on one thing - the test results: "Is global warming real?" Surely these results will show it beyond any reasonable doubt!

    Examining the first page, Edward's heart sinks...

    climate.c: In function 'main':
    climate.c:75: error: syntax error before '}' token

    "FFFFFFFUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU...."

    1. Re:Mail-in mainframe access by Bluesman · · Score: 3, Funny

      So Edward fixes the bugs in his program, and a month later, receives a similar letter. More cautious now, he opens it to find that the letter contains real output this time:

      "Be sure to drink your Ovaltine."

      --
      If moderation could change anything, it would be illegal.
    2. Re:Mail-in mainframe access by commodoresloat · · Score: 2, Funny

      eventually, politically motivated hackers break into his mailbox and start publishing his letters to his friends talking smack about some other guy's climate modeling program....

    3. Re:Mail-in mainframe access by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      We offered that at my university in the late 1980s. Students from some jungle overseas could post in forms with mainframe code on them (COBOL rather than C of course), they would be typed in, run, and the listings posted back to them. This was a painstaking way to get a correspondance degree in Computer Science. Some time later, having a personal computer was made a requirement of the course.

    4. Re:Mail-in mainframe access by niks42 · · Score: 3, Informative
      Not so different from so-called cafeteria systems of the 60s and 70s, when we poor students used to submit our deck of punch cards at the Ops counter in the machine room, and pick the deck up and associated printout from our pigeon hole the following morning. Even after terminals arrived, we still picked up printout from Ops well into the 80s. When IBM started cost reducing in the UK, more remote locations didn't have a laser printer, so anything printed nicely was delivered in the mail.

      Compilers for cafeteria systems often had a quick first pass phase that threw out jobs with syntax errors; most student programs failed that step, so it saved on CPU time when it was precious.

  10. What's The First One Gonna Be? by The+Wild+Norseman · · Score: 2, Funny

    First thought that popped into my mind when I read about the Edison book was the Orange Catholic Bible.

    Which brings up a related question for me. A bible the size of the OC Bible couldn't be physically thumped, so you can't call Orange Catholics "bible thumpers." "Bible plinkers" maybe?

    --
    "A government is a body of people usually -- notably -- ungoverned." -Shepherd Book
  11. "Fiche" technology by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Informative

    Article: When did the basic idea become practical? In the late 1960s and early 1970s, libraries got excited about PCMI and similar technologies-collectively known as "ultrafiche"-and began using them to cram massive amounts of information into small spaces. But the trend lasted only a few years. By then, I assume, it became clear that the future was digitization, not miniaturization.

    That's not entirely accurate. Variations of "fiche" technology were quite common in university libraries. When doing reports with newspaper citations, "Microfiche" (flat film plates) and/or "Microfilm" (scrolled film) were quite common into the mid 1990's. This was cheaper than storing gajillion actual newspapers and magazines, especially in bigger cities where floor-space is a premium.

    Thus, "the trend only lasted a few years" is off because it had about a 25-year run and was quite successful in its heyday.

    An interesting variation that allows computerized retrieval is the aperture card. However, it's not as compact.

           

  12. Re:How old is the author? by hrimhari · · Score: 2, Informative

    That or there was a little lack of Google skills after all. The article completely neglects portable CRT TVs over LCD ones. Took me 5 minutes to find a more verbose list.

    --
    http://dilbert.com/2010-12-13
  13. Cold weld? by proverbialcow · · Score: 2, Funny

    "Um..yeah, I'd like to return this book. I was making a cake, and the recipe spreads over opposite sides of a page, and as you can clearly see, the pages stick together from 'Mix dry ingredients together in large bowl' all the way through to the Book of Revelations. Unfortunately, I didn't realize this until after I'd already added the brimstone and the lake of burning sulphur, and it was the worst birthday my five-year-old ever had."

    --
    The only surefire protection against Microsoft infections is abstinence. - The Onion