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Canadian Supreme Court Rules Linking Is Not Defamation

omega6, joining the legions of accepted submitters, writes "The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that posting links is not the same as posting the actual content, but more similar to a footnote. 'The top court ruled against former Green party campaign manager Wayne Crookes, who argued that posting links to sites with defamatory statements was the same as publishing the defamatory material.'"

72 of 88 comments (clear)

  1. Hmm by somersault · · Score: 4, Funny

    I can't remember the URL for goatse.cx, or I'd totally post it.

    --
    which is totally what she said
    1. Re:Hmm by vlm · · Score: 1

      I can't remember the URL for goatse.cx, or I'd totally post it.

      Here you go

      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHg5SJYRHA0 [goatse.cx]

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    2. Re:Hmm by grub · · Score: 1


      I always forgot as well, it was easier just to make it my homepage.

      --
      Trolling is a art,
    3. Re:Hmm by SleazyRidr · · Score: 1

      I'm very scared...

    4. Re:Hmm by lsllll · · Score: 1

      Shit man! You made me watch that whole fucking video hoping I was going to see Goatse at some point. Should've realized I would never see Goatse because of the URL.

      --
      Is that a roll of dimes in your pocket or are you happy to see me?
  2. Finally some sense. by sherriw · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Hopefully this extends to the fact that linking to pirated content is not piracy.

    1. Re:Finally some sense. by TheSpoom · · Score: 1

      Sure, in Canada.

      --
      It's better to vote for what you want and not get it than to vote for what you don't want and get it.
      - E. Debs
    2. Re:Finally some sense. by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1

      Sure, in Canada.

      Well, now at least the *AA execs will know who to Blame It On.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    3. Re:Finally some sense. by canajin56 · · Score: 1

      It shouldn't. The crux of the ruling is that the content can change, and even if it doesn't there's no evidence that you read every last word on the page. Therefore, just posting a link to a site that says something defamatory doesn't constitute republishing or endorsing that statement. However, if you have a content aggregator, it's pretty damn obvious exactly what it's linking to. Because it's not just presenting links to some all gibberish URL, it's naming that link after the copyrighted content at that tracker, complete with file size, duration, and all that stuff. You cannot make the defense that "it's just a link I didn't know what it was to!" when you list exactly what it's linking to.

      --
      ASCII stupid question, get a stupid ANSI
    4. Re:Finally some sense. by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Sorry but this ruling only applies to liable and defamation suits.

    5. Re:Finally some sense. by Moryath · · Score: 2

      The terms you're looking for are:

      Slander
      Libel
      Defamation

      Now, you may be liable for some form of damages/action in a civil lawsuit thereby...

      Getting back to the root of the issue - Canada doesn't have proper free speech protections (as the abuses by their so-called "human rights commission" indicate). That's what makes such a seemingly minor court case seem so important - the protection of unpopular speech from repressive government action or repressive action by determined individuals does not exist in Canada. Even the ability to say "See, these guys over in (country X with proper freedom of speech protection) say the following" is curtailed, sadly.

    6. Re:Finally some sense. by firex726 · · Score: 1

      So is there no "Facilitating Defamation"?

  3. Aggrigation Sites by arthurpaliden · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So then a link to a copyrighted work would just be a foot note and not copyright infringement. Time for all those aggregation sites to move to Canadian ISPs.

    1. Re:Aggrigation Sites by GameboyRMH · · Score: 1

      Yeah you should be able to legally run a torrent tracker by basically inserting something like the TPB interface as the references section of lorem ipsum.

      --
      "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
    2. Re:Aggrigation Sites by jklovanc · · Score: 1

      Probably not as this judgment only applies to liable and defamation cases.

    3. Re:Aggrigation Sites by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      s/Aggrigation/Aggregation/g
      s/liable/libel/g

  4. A sensible court decision *applause* by ackthpt · · Score: 1

    How I love thee, let me cite[1],[2],[3] ways...

    Somehow I just don't think that'll work, come Valentine's Day...

    --

    A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
  5. Which side were the Greens on? by countertrolling · · Score: 1

    If Crookes did this in association with the party, then fuck them. They're just like the rest. Their record on internet freedom isn't exactly outstanding. The stand they took a few years back in favor of filtering in Australia is a case in point. Either way, I don't trust them as far as I can throw them.

    --
    For justice, we must go to Don Corleone
    1. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by somersault · · Score: 1

      What has being "green" got to do with Copyright law?

      --
      which is totally what she said
    2. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by Retardical_Sam · · Score: 5, Informative

      The case had nothing to do with his association to the Green Party, it was in relation to his private business. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/10/19/pol-scoc-hyperlink.html?cmp=rss

    3. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by Fast+Thick+Pants · · Score: 1

      Less law = less paper?

    4. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by compro01 · · Score: 1

      Did you skip the summery? The plaintiff in this case was a former campaign manager for the Green Party of Canada.

      Also, copyright reform is a significant part of the Green Party of Canada's platform.

      --
      upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
    5. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by somersault · · Score: 1

      Fair enough, but this being Slashdot, I'm sure everyone thought of Copyright as soon as they read the first sentence in the summary. The concept is definitely applicable to sites like torrent trackers.

      Disclaimer: I don't actually agree with violating Copyright in most cases, but I do think it's stupid to have double standards. If posting a link to defamation isn't defamation, then posting a link to Copyright infringing content isn't Copyright infringement.

      --
      which is totally what she said
    6. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by The+Archon+V2.0 · · Score: 1

      What has being "green" got to do with Copyright law?

      Not much. Of course, this is the party that is eager to clamp down on wifi, saying they want "Health Canada create enforceable, biologically-based regulations, that would limit human exposure to radio frequency radiation to a precautionary limit of 0.1 uw/cm2 (or 0.614 v/m ) for cumulative outdoor exposure". I thought the Sun output more than that, but I could be wrong.

      Also, there's this amusing tweet: http://twitter.com/#!/ElizabethMay/status/96091744076177409 Well, obviously she doesn't have wifi, she's got a Blackberry!

    7. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by countertrolling · · Score: 1

      Well, I only asked because the Greens were mentioned in the summary and various articles. However, I think it's important to know where the Greens stand on such issues before they are given any real political power. In matters of verbal communications, it's the listeners that should be held responsible for their reactions to anything being said.

      --
      For justice, we must go to Don Corleone
    8. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by somersault · · Score: 1

      The second part of what you said makes the first part relevant. Okay.

      --
      which is totally what she said
    9. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by countertrolling · · Score: 1

      I made no mention of copyright. The issue is enforced filtering and general freedom of speech. Besides, the Australian deal was over pornography. The author of the link was running for some position under the Green Party.

      --
      For justice, we must go to Don Corleone
    10. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      You think the Green Party of Canada has the same platform as the Green Party of Australia?

    11. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      They're just like the rest

      They are authoritarian statists. Unless you're in high school you should have figured that out already.

    12. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by countertrolling · · Score: 1

      History shows that all political parties become more corrupt with increased acquisition of power. I've watched the Greens in various countries, and the alliances they make are less than palatable. And people being people, there's really not much to differentiate no matter where they are from.

      --
      For justice, we must go to Don Corleone
    13. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by Quila · · Score: 1

      Nothing about copyright law.

      But the Greens do support "hate speech" laws, which would reasonably fall under this ruling. You could link to "hate speech" but not post it yourself.

    14. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by langarto · · Score: 2

      However, the guy is a member of the green party. If he thinks that linking to something is the same as publishing it, I would not want him near any position of power. Hence, I would only consider voting for the greens if they expelled him from the party (and if I were German).

    15. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by mirix · · Score: 1

      I wonder if she is oblivious to that, or doesn't care. Either way it's painful.

      --
      Sent from my PDP-11
    16. Re:Which side were the Greens on? by compro01 · · Score: 1

      Crookes "resigned" (more a case of "you can't fire me, because I quit") from his position in the Green party back in 2006 and he was never a parliamentary candidate for them. He was their head campaign manager from 2000 til his resignation.

      --
      upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
  6. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  7. Site of were this all started - p2pnet by Bork · · Score: 1

    The Crookes vs Newton case, Newton runs the site p2pnet were the link was posted.

    http://www.p2pnet.net/

  8. easy way to abuse this: by uncanny · · Score: 1

    Set up a website anonymously with whatever content you want on it and then link to it, now it's not yours but you are essentially saying it anyways.
    www.republicancandidatesmomisadirtywhore.com hey i'm just linking it, i didn't call this guys mom a whore!

    1. Re:easy way to abuse this: by arthurpaliden · · Score: 1

      In order to really protect yourself the site would be www.republicancandidatesmomisadirtywhore.ca and be hosted in Canada.

    2. Re:easy way to abuse this: by compro01 · · Score: 1

      You'd also need to live in Canada. CIRA has presence requirements for obtaining a .ca domain. Basically, to get a .ca domain, you either need to be a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident, a native, an Indian band, a corporation registered in Canada, hold a Canadian trademark, be the executor/agent/etc. for someone of the above, or be the Queen.

      --
      upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
    3. Re:easy way to abuse this: by canajin56 · · Score: 2

      No, the ruling still allows for a link to be defamatory if the intent is apparent. The reasoning behind the ruling is that if you link to a page, it can be changed by the host so it is senseless to view the link as your endorsement of all past and future content. Say, you link to a guy's blog and he makes a defamatory post after you link to it. Or, you link to it because you like what he said today, but further down on the page you linked he has defamatory posts you didn't notice.

      However, ruling that having a link does not constitute endorsement of the content of the link doesn't make all links OK. If context makes your endorsement apparent, then just because it's a link does not protect you.

      --
      ASCII stupid question, get a stupid ANSI
    4. Re:easy way to abuse this: by gurps_npc · · Score: 1
      This is exactly what every single news show does. They get other people to say things, then claim they didn't say it, it it just news that some one else said it. News people do not get arrested for slander for reporting that someone else slandered a Senator with claims of adultery - even if the Senator is innocent.

      Your method is NOT an easy way to abuse this. If you can set up a website anonymously, then you host your main website there. The crime is still committed, and is still just as hard to do.

      The problem is you are confusing the crime with the bragging about the crime. The crime is actually saying something, not talking about the fact that someone said something. Those are two entirely different things.

      Criminals often want to do brag about their crime, but that is not itself a crime. In fact it is often how you get caught.

      So no, you are entirely wrong. This does not in any way make it easier to abuse the law or commit the crime.

      --
      excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    5. Re:easy way to abuse this: by m.ducharme · · Score: 2

      Ironically, your newspaper example wouldn't have worked that way in Canada, up until Grant v. Torstar, [2009]. Previous to this, it certainly was possible for the reporter to get hit with a libel suit for reporting libelous statements. The new law under Grant sets up a new defence called responsible communication. The reporter or newspaper (or blogger) must still behave responsibly when reporting proven libelous statements made by others and must show that she acted responsibly, with the following factors to be taken into account by the jury:

      The seriousness of the allegation
      The public importance of the matter
      The urgency of the matter
      The status and reliability of the source
      Whether the plaintiff's side of the story was sought and accurately reported
      Whether inclusion of the defamatory statement was justifiable
      Whether the defamatory statement’s public interest lay in the fact that it was made rather than its truth (“Reportage”)

      --
      Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
    6. Re:easy way to abuse this: by denis-The-menace · · Score: 1

      RE: CIRA has presence requirements for obtaining a .ca domain

      So does the DISH satellite TV provider.
      I see those dishes on roofs in Canada. too.

      --
      Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
    7. Re:easy way to abuse this: by denis-The-menace · · Score: 1

      Goofed!
      The DISH satellite TV provider requires proof of US citizenship.
      I see those dishes on roofs in Canada. too.

      --
      Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
  9. Joe Gordon ... by jginspace · · Score: 1

    ... deserves a mention here: https://thaipoliticalprisoners.wordpress.com/pendingcases/joseph-gordon/ (Yes this is Canada, not Thailand)

    1. Re:Joe Gordon ... by jginspace · · Score: 1

      It came as quite a shock when it came to light he'd been charged for merely linking to banned content. It was quite possibly a first.

      I'm not sure if he left Thailand because he had disagreements with the Thai government - if memory serves he left as a young teenager. He stayed in the US more than long enough to become a citizen - something like 30 years.

  10. Score one for Common Sense by l0ungeb0y · · Score: 1

    But we're still running way behind!

    1. Re:Score one for Common Sense by Capt.DrumkenBum · · Score: 1

      Today I am very proud to be Canadian.

      --
      If I were God, wouldn't I protect my churches from acts of me?
  11. Re:off topic by pavon · · Score: 1

    Subscribers get to see stories slightly before the rest of users (but can't comment until the story goes live), and they are shown with a red title to indicate that they haven't gone live yet. However on occasion, a bug in slashcode causes regular users to see a red title for a short time after the story has gone live.

  12. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by canajin56 · · Score: 1
    No.

    However, if a post linking to another site itself contains defamatory material, the poster may be liable in a defamation action.

    --
    ASCII stupid question, get a stupid ANSI
  13. Some common sense at last by Hentes · · Score: 1

    A court aknowledging that linking and publishing is different will be a strong point for arguments in the rest of the world with less tech-savvy people. I hope we can get more courts in more countries to think the same way. And then get rid of those defamation laws as well.

  14. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by mdmkolbe · · Score: 1

    If we following the footnote analogy, then this is equivalent to a footnote to a book with a defamatory title. Citing such a book is probably protected, but creating a made up title for the purpose of defaming someone might not be defamatory.

  15. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  16. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by poofmeisterp · · Score: 1

    No.

    However, if a post linking to another site itself contains defamatory material, the poster may be liable in a defamation action.

    How about http://www.example.com/john-is-a?compulsive=not&liar=no pointing to a page with derogatory statements? Would that fly?

  17. What about IFRAMEs and linked images? by mdmkolbe · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Technically IFRAME and IMG are just links, but would they qualify as a more affirmative action and thus constitute defamation under this ruling?

    1. Re:What about IFRAMEs and linked images? by Rary · · Score: 1

      Technically IFRAME and IMG are just links, but would they qualify as a more affirmative action and thus constitute defamation under this ruling?

      The point isn't just that it's a link, but a link to someone else's content. If your IFRAME or IMG tags are pointing to someone else's content, then this ruling would apply. If, however, they linked to your own content, then don't try to use this ruling as your defense, because you will lose.

      --

      "You cannot simultaneously prevent and prepare for war." -- Albert Einstein

    2. Re:What about IFRAMEs and linked images? by jellomizer · · Score: 1

      How about iFrames that link to different sites and only get partial information and mix them together to create a brand new message.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  18. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by wrecked · · Score: 1

    Does this protect http://www.example.com/john/is/a/compulsive/liar ?

    This is implied by the separate but concurring judgment. The Chief Justice writes: "In sum, in our view, a hyperlink should constitute publication if, read contextually, the text that includes the hyperlink constitutes adoption or endorsement of the specific content it links to." Crookes v Newton (2011 SCC 47) at paragraph 50.

  19. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by grub · · Score: 1

    Here in .ca we have rules about government sites needing to be bilingual with a common look-and-feel to them.

    We had a site that was only of interest to geeks throughout our department. I did some digging and it turns out that things like source code aren't covered by the rules. So I started posting pages that looked like

    // information.c

    /* info blah blah blah
    blah blah more blah blah blah etc etc blah
    blah blah more crap blah blah

    blah blah info blah
    */

    #include<stdio.h>
    main()
    { printf("Hello World"); }

    Was asked about it by people from Ottawa, explained it, never had a problem.

    --
    Trolling is a art,
  20. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by m.ducharme · · Score: 1

    If your link, or any other part of the page your link is on, suggests you endorse or support the defamatory page, you could be nailed for libel. It's in the decision.

    --
    Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
  21. That isn't, actually, what the court said... by DougBTX · · Score: 2
    From the link:

    The second, deep hyperlink, however, did make the content readily available. All the reader had to do to gain access to the article was to click on the link, which does not constitute a barrier to the availability of the material. Thus, C has satisfied the requirements of the first component of publication on a balance of probabilities where this link is concerned. However, the nature of N’s article, the way the various links were presented and the number of hits on the article do not support an inference that the allegedly defamatory information was brought to the knowledge of some third person

    He only got off because it was unlikely that anyone actually clicked the link. If his page had more hits, or someone in the court knew about logging referrer headers, then he may well not have gotten off.

    1. Re:That isn't, actually, what the court said... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      That's from the minority judgment of Madam Justice Deschamps. While it's interesting context, the most relevant legal interpretation is the one that was endorsed by six judges and written by Justice Abella - which held that hyperlinking is not publication, simple as that.

    2. Re:That isn't, actually, what the court said... by tbarrie · · Score: 1

      The part you quote is from a minority opinion. The majority decision was that linking to content does not constitute publication of that content, period.

  22. Re:One word... by m.ducharme · · Score: 1

    Obvious to you, but not so obvious to a bunch of lawyers and judges who fear or hate technology (or both), and probably not so obvious to most people who are not as expert in this area as your average slashdot reader.

    --
    Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
  23. Re:One word... by denis-The-menace · · Score: 2

    They know what is right but they will look the other way for money.

    Lawyers and lobbyists on staff= Tools of the 1%

    --
    Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
  24. Re:One word... by m.ducharme · · Score: 1

    Well, my post was commenting on lawyers and judges who don't understand technology. In that sense, they certainly don't know what's "right". But as far as knowing the moral "right", well that's a whole other thread. And not as simple or clear-cut as you're making it seem. The Supreme Court of Canada has been busy just lately, and some of the decisions they've handed down have been rather painful for the government.

    --
    Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
  25. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by mmcuh · · Score: 1

    I don't actually know French, but I think I get the gist of that info comment.

  26. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by poofmeisterp · · Score: 1

    If your link, or any other part of the page your link is on, suggests you endorse or support the defamatory page, you could be nailed for libel. It's in the decision.

    Hence the question. Vars compulsive=not and liar=no. I'm wondering what case law will be derived from this, now, before it happens.

  27. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by m.ducharme · · Score: 1

    Well, since most people aren't even going to notice the URL, I don't think it'll come up. Much more important will be the content of the page. But if the plaintiff can use the URL string to impute an intention to defame or an endorsement of the defamatory page, then they might win.

    --
    Rule of Slashdot #0: You and people like you are not representative of the larger population. - A.C.
  28. Re:What if the defamation is in the link? by theshowmecanuck · · Score: 1

    NO. It does not protect you if the defamation/libel is in the link. From the Toronto Sun article on the matter:

    “The Internet, in short, cannot provide access to information without hyperlinks,” wrote Justice Rosalie Abella. “Limiting their usefulness by subjecting them to the traditional publication rule would have the effect of seriously restricting the flow of information and as a result, freedom of expression.”

    While the decision was unanimous, two justices warned that framing or endorsing the link as the truth or accurate could still land an Internet linker in court.

    “Combined text and hyperlink may amount to publication of defamatory material,” wrote Chief Justice Beverly McLachlin and Justice Morris Fish. “If the text communicates agreement with the content linked to, then the hyperlinker should be liable for the defamatory content.”

    --
    -- I ignore anonymous replies to my comments and postings.
  29. Analogy by davegravy · · Score: 1

    Hyperlinks are about as complicit in libel as ears are complicit in slander. Both provide access to the defamation in question, but neither are the defamation itself!

  30. Aha! by mr_bigmouth_502 · · Score: 1

    It's about time one of the higher-ups here formed a rational opinion on this!