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Growth of Pseudoscience Harming Australian Universities
wired_parrot writes "The international credibility of Australia's universities is being undermined by the increase in the 'pseudoscientific' health courses they offer, two academics write in a recent article decrying that a third of Australian universities now offer courses in such subjects as homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine, which undermines science-based medicine. 'As the number of alternative practitioners graduating from tertiary education institutions increases, further health-care resources are wasted, while the potential for harm increases.'"
I think people that use homeopathic medicine should be allowed to marry.
"That's the way to do it" - Punch
How does something like homeopathy even find it's way into a traditional school?
On the Oregon Cost born and raised, On the beach is where I spent most of my days
what no witch craft...
Oh nevermind.
Fundamentalists exist in science as well. Alternative therapy is outside the domain of science because science insists on being able to measure stuff with a physical instrument (human perception not being good enough). So science has immediately disqualified itself from judging alternative medicine, yet still the science fundamentalists continue pushing their doctrine outside of its bounds.
Seems that Australia is "diluting" its talent.
YEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!
These "pseudo science" articles indicate that pseudo science works better than science seems to indicate. :vulgar language)
Plecebo works better than the real thing (warning
Accupunture works, doesn't matter where
Accupunture works
Slashdot's rate-of-post filter: Preventing you from posting too many great ideas at once.
my favorite quote concerning alternative medicines is... "If Alternative medicine practices worked, they wouldn't be alternative any more" not sure where it came from.
Well, I skimmed the first chapter of a book on it, anyway. Less is more, right?
Keep offering the courses, but let Penn and Teller teach them.
SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
Practitioners and patients of Homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine seem to believe that they work. Wouldn't it be good to devote some resources towards scientific study of these practices? Even if it's to prove that the placebo effect is playing a part, at least science is advanced. Just because we don't understand whether/how it works doesn't rule out the possibility that there might be something to be discovered. If we want to be objective about it, why not study it?
As long as it is NOT in a science department.
That is, we teach classes about Greek mythology, no need not to teach the homeopathic junk in whatever department teaches thing like "Comparative Religion"
This sounds like a turf/money battle started by a mainstream academic apparatchik who doesn't want to actually sort through the existing pile of evidence, let alone continue evaluating. Some of the methods listed in the article actually work reliably for some things. Others may actually cause harm. Yet others are placebos so advanced that modern medicine may take decades to catch up. The important thing is to keep using actual evidence to make decisions rather than to just accept the word of reactionaries who gesture vaguely at supposed piles of evidence which, on closer inspection, often say the opposite of what the pseudo-skeptic reactionary claimed.
"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
Is the problem that these schools are teaching non-traditional medicine, or that there is a market for that education? Schools need money to run, and they can increase enrollment by offering courses such as "Eastern Medicine". I don't think this is completely the school's doing- there are consumers out there that swear on non-traditional medicine and practitioners who will perform those services. If anything positive, this non-traditional medicine "medical school" may raise the bar for entry into the field.
As for the cheapening of the science behind medicine? Yes, it hurts. But, at the end of the day, it is science that finds cures to our ailments, not rhinoceros horn powder.
You mean current Medsci has any scientific research behind it at all? You could have fooled me!
The purpose of existence is to make money.
Was I the only one who saw the headline and thought, "Here we go, yet another Creationism/Intelligent Design vs. Evolution article?"
Two academics write in a recent article decrying that a third of Australian universities now offer courses in such subjects as homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine, which undermines science-based medicine.
I think that academic scrutiny and study are exactly what these areas of medicine need. While I would definitely argue that there are many areas of these medicines that are placebos at best, I have heard and witnessed accounts of individual remedies, scrutinized by science, which nevertheless empirically appear to be effective. I would hate to through the baby out with the bathwater by dismissing either subject entirely.
I don't want to feel that it's merely conspiracy theory to believe that "the man" / "big pharma" is trying to squeeze out all alternative medicine because it competes with their company. But, in the same sense, I don't want people acquiring argyria en mass just because they keep hearing about colloidal silver on the internet. Presently, US law outright forbids scientific study of these remedies. I believe they need to be studied so that there's conclusive evidence of what works and what doesn't work. And what we discover does work should be allowed in practice. The world of academia can help tremendously with that.
... of worshipping science to the extent of all else.
Some "traditional medicines" are bupkus. Some are not. Just because science has not discovered something does not mean it doesn't exist. To think otherwise is arrogant. I can think of quite a few things in my life that science cannot (or at least does not at present) explain.
There are things about the human body and mind that science does not understand yet. And as long as their mindset continues to be "if I can't see it, smell it, touch it, taste it, or hear it, it doesn't exist" that will continue to be the case.
For linux tips: http://www.linuxtipsblog.com
Sorry, isn't BPA relatively safe, until it approaches a very small amount, at which point our bodies begin to interpret it as hormonal signalling?
Until someone studies the effects of various compounds at very low concentrations, then they must be treated as unknowns, and worthy of study.
If we're going to start acknowledging the horrifying growth of pseudo-science in our midst, can we include the no-proof-required branches of physics?
------ The best brain training is now totally free : )
All around the world, homeopathy, naturopathy (which may use some real natural cures, but is still based on a rejection of scientific advancements) old-fashioned chiropractic (subluxation crap), and accupuncture don't get laughed out of the room immediately as they should.
"When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
Yeah, a placebo can fool you into not noticing the symptoms, but that doesn't mean they 'work', because they don't cure, or even help in any non-subjective ways. "How do you feel now, Dave?" isn't hard data.
Placebos don't kill cancerous tumors, didn't eradicate polio, and there's no need to waste University funding to find out that "magical chinese foot pads suck all the bad vibes out through the soles of your feet" is a fat load of shit.
"Yea, I'm taking Voodoo 101 as an elective this semester. Next week we're sacrificing chickens!"
I find it amusing and depressing that modern medical science has fallen so far. Everything that is known by modern medicine owes its beginnings in ancient medical practices such as Chinese medicine and homeopathy. A perfect example of this is aspirin. Hundreds, if not thousands, of years ago, the medical minds of the day would give their patients tea brewed from willow bark to ease their pain. Where is aspirin found in nature? Willow bark. Natural cures and remedies are available for most ailments, but modern medicine has dismissed the natural treatments in favor of synthetic solutions. These same synthetic solutions have lead to the rise of super-germs and man-made diseases Mother Nature would have nightmares about.
some chiropractors now extended their manipulation of the spine to children, and claimed that this could cure asthma, allergies, bedwetting, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, colic, fever and numerous other problems, and could serve as a substitute for vaccination.
Evidence? Studies? Clinical trials? Nothing has been presented to support the claim that chiropractors can cure asthma or bedwetting, let alone the really bizarre claims (a substitute for vaccination?).
There is no conspiracy or closed-mindedness. When evidence that herbal medicines do work, scientists embrace them:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_marijuana
You see that long and extensive list of studies? Did you notice that the scientific criticisms were almost entirely focused on smoking as a method of ingestion? Did you notice that the non-scientific criticisms were political, driven by America's far-right government agenda that has been pushed for decades now?
These scientists are objecting to the teaching of treatments that have no evidence to support their use, which have not been the subject of any studies, and for which no statement of efficacy can be made (how do we know these treatments do not cause more harm than good? how do we know that these treatments are not just a waste of time?).
Palm trees and 8
Allow an accredited doctor of medicine to lecture to them for 10 seconds. Then they will understand the details of homeopathy, right.
So where is the science to support the academics' rant?
Hmmm, negative inflammatory comments about homeopathy and fundamentalists so far, but no negative comments about Chinese medicine. Doesn't anyone want to be brave enough to comment about how idiotic all Chinese people are? No? Not quite politically correct? But no problem attacking people that political correctness has deemed worthy of attack?
I only bring it up because I see over and over how politicial correctness limits people just as much as any other ideology. Of course, the "appeal to authority" (in this case traditional western medicine authority) truly makes a fool of people who buy into the belief that only western drugs and surgery offer any real benefit.
I know from my own experience and that of others that chiropractic care offers the only effective solution to certain problems and I wouldn't be surprised if millions of people around the world suffer horribly who wouldn't have to if they had access to it. I also know that at the very least the holostic approach of Chinese medicine can be more effective than "here, take this pill to see if it helps" approach of western medicine (something western medicine is reluctantly acknowledging).
Expand your horizons people. Stop limiting yourself to a certain belief system you've inherited from your parents and authority figures. Really expand your mind by being willing to admit that some of your cherished beliefs may actually be crap and may have no more validity than the beliefs of others whom you characterize as foolish because, quite frankly, I know for certain from reading your comments on SlashDot that some of your cherished beliefs are ignorantly foolish. It would take just too much of my time to educate you fools.
I think it's theoretically possible to teach a non-bullshit class in Chinese Medicine. There are attempts to standardize the practice, to use non-bullshit terminology, and to write scientific studies on the process.
It would be great for TCM to get some academic analysis that would put to rest whether or not it's all psychosomatic - of course there has been some research, but not much, and it's generally low quality. I'm not sure if an undergraduate program at an Australian university would be the way to do it.
I started reading the title of this thread and though "please don't be the US".
After all, we have
- global climate change deniers
- anti-vaccination groups
- paleo diet followers
- raw foodism
- a museum that claims dinosaurs and cavemen lived together on the newly created 5 thousand year old Earth.
What a relief to know that the US is not the only developed country with a problem of people making up their own reality.
Just because science has not discovered something does not mean it doesn't exist.
Every time I hear that argument, I respond with "Science hasn't proven that unicorns don't exist. But that doesn't offer ANY evidence that they DO."
SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
I can't speak on homeopathy. I've never tried it.
Since we are of a mix cultural family, the choice of medicinal remedies from both sides of the Atlantic are not decided by what, but by the reputation of the practitioner. When I went back to Hong Kong to visit, my doctor brother took a look at my maladies and recommended me to try out the non-invasive methods first.
With regards to chinese medicine, accupuncture worked great for a stubborn muscle knot on my back that lingered for two years. The accupuncturist isolated the knot with about 7 needles and pricked (without drawing blood) a few muscle groups around the knot. As I waited, he corrected my posture, gave me recommendations of pillows, etc. After a week of treatment the knot has decreased its size by about 75%.
Die-Da, a form of massage that treats bruises and muscle pain, has made a trouble wrist with nagging injuries almost pain free. The condition has previously existed for 3 years after a weight lifting accident. For awhile I couldn't even feel my one side of my ring finger and pinky. Now the wrist doesn't pop when I rotate my hand (it use to sound like I was working a small nut cracker). Previously there were knot-like lumps on the side of palm. They are now gone.
All in all, 5 days of treatment on the back, 7 days on the wrist. I spent 300 bucks in total and most of the symptoms are gone. YMMV.
They should subject homeopathic medicine to animal testing. By that I mean they should lock one of these doctors in a cage with a tiger. If they can prevent being eaten using plant extracts and chiropractic treatment, I will have more faith in their practices.
some chiropractors now extended their manipulation of the spine to children, and claimed that this could cure asthma, allergies, bedwetting, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, colic, fever and numerous other problems, and could serve as a substitute for vaccination.
Some chiropractors have also broken people's necks. Do you really want them messing with your children's not-fully-formed spines?
No sig today...
much of it depends on the skills of the acupuncturist and what methods they use. If they just grab some random guy who has studied acupuncture for 1 year and knows from a book where to stick the pins, it's not going to be as effective as someone who has studied from masters for 20 years. Acupuncture basically is a science because they've used trial and error and test subjects for 1000s of years. If you do it right, they needles send an electrical signal to the brain, saying something is wrong. The brain then responds. You can almost think of it as a keyboard for the brain.
See York University's near affiliation with some chiroquacks a number of years ago.
www.csicop.org/si/show/universitys_struggle_with_chiropractic/
...is the most dangerous, environmentally destructive, downright evil practice humans still perform. Rhino horn powder, dragon bones, grizzly bear bile, tiger penis... wft those aren't medicine, those are spell components.
.. it might actually work.
Hey don't blame me, IANAB
Traditional Chinese medicine is metascience, it should properly be grouped with philosophy rather than medicine. Treat it as an enormous collection of hypotheses just waiting to be tested and you discover the true worth. Treat it as a final solution and you'll understand why there are so many quacks out there labeling things "herbal" or "folk" remedies to avoid being charged with outright fraud.
Inheritance is the sincerest form of nepotism.
Didn't he tried alternative cancer treatment...
Is drinking cranberry juice for a UTI different than taking some weird root or herb for a different affliction?
The problem is that these alternative therapies are being practiced and taught without first being subjected to scientific evaluation -- it is anyone's guess as to whether or not these treatments are actually effective.
Chinese medicine has detailed models
although they are incompatible with western science which is why many are sceptical about them. But western medicine isn't that scientific either, it's still mostly an empirical field. The majority of modern medication was first found in plants by trial and error, not derived from predictions of a rational model.
These scientists are objecting to the teaching of treatments that have no evidence to support their use
A thousand years of folk knowledge is plenty of statistical evidence.
I share the aversion to homeopathy and am ambivalent about Acupuncture. But let's not throw out everything just because it didn't come from an American drug manufacturer. A lot of conventional medicines started as "herbs" -- the most well known Western example probably being salicin in willow bark, which was known for its pain relief since at least the first century AD, and later became acetylsalicylic acid or Aspirin. Does anyone think Aspirin is a placebo? It came from an old home remedy of ground up bark in Greece around 400 AD (at latest -- perhaps a lot earlier)... Surely it's not actually helping your hangover?
Chinese "herbs" may contain active ingredients either singly or in certain combinations that the established medical community either hasn't discovered or acknowledged yet, or may not have figured out how to make gobs of money from, yet. Or maybe not. But I don't think it does us good as a species to disregard out of hand treatments simply because they've been done for a long time in another country by old guys who don't speak English.
One problem I think Westerners have with Chinese medicine is that the terminology and explanations for the medicine's effectiveness is alien to us. Talk about "chi" and "energy flow" and "hot and cold system" doesn't follow our paradigms. And maybe the explanation is complete fantasy -- an attempt by someone with no medical background to explain their observations. That doesn't necessarily mean that the phenomenon being observed did not happen.
Disclosure: I don't "believe in" Chinese medicine any more than I "believe in" Western medicine. I observe that the Dit Da Jow I rub on bruises has analgesic properties, and that's a good enough reason to use it, even if it doesn't have healing and restorative properties as advertised. I observe that every cholesterol lowering drug my Western doctor has tried has resulted in crippling muscle pain at the dosage she wants me to use, which prevents me from working out and reducing this gut that is probably the main cause of my high cholesterol. So I do not take it, preferring to exercise more and change my diet. (Which would be a very "Chinese medicine" approach.) (I've lost a significant amount of weight from exercise since stopping the statins, which I don't think I could have done otherwise.)
Try to keep an open mind, but not so open your brains fall out.
Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
I know I'm going to get flamed for this, but here I go anyway.
One example of how things aren't always repeatable is architecture. We can take the exact same building (say, an igloo) and put it somewhere else (say, the Sahara) and it'll be useless except to quinch thirst. Complex systems tend to be highly sensitive to their environment. Every person's body is a different environment. So, no, I don't expect that every good medicine can be tested through repetition. We can't give aspirin to a thousand random people and prove that it helps everyone. Some people will end up bleeding from the stomach. Traditional Chinese medical treatment is far more complex than aspirin (an herbal remedy isn't based on one ingredient, but on a complex assortment of ingredients which interact with one another) and will have different results on different people - even if that traditional Chinese medical treatment does have a worthwhile effect on some people. The art is in figuring out whom it will have a positive effect on and whom it won't. But you can't test that through giving the treatment to a thousand random people.
Placebo is an effect which is ALWAYS here. When you take a pill, be it anti depressant or whatnot, it will be there. The effect will vary from psychological alleviation of symtom (nothing changed but the persons feel better) to pain lessening. Now accunpuncture was comapred to FAKE accunpuncture , and it was shown to have the SAME effect : aka accunpuncture is not better than placebo. The same for homeopathy which when tested is no better than palcebo. But that palcebo effect, ALSO exists with real medicine. So by going homeopathy / accunpuncture, you are NOT making yourself any favor , you are just feeling the pocket of somebody else. Evidence based Medicine OTOH not only has its own effect, but also the palcebo effect. It is a win win. All your article showed is that doing "anything" is better than doing "nothing" (due to placebo effect). This does not change that it is utter pseudo science based on nothing whatsoever , you could as well do crystal healing, otr some other shit.
Be it conventional or traditional - no medicine can cure flu in less than 7 days and all fail to cure cancer or other terminal diseases. It's up to patients whether they want to rely on folklore beliefs or methods based on statistical results.
Here's what's going on in alternative medicine in Australia. Unfortunately this article is behind a paywall, so I'll give you an excerpt. (It helps to understand that when you give a lung x-ray, you have a good chance of finding spots that nobody can really interpret, that usually turn out to be harmless.)
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1110812
What's the Alternative? The Worldwide Web of Integrative Medicine
Ranjana Srivastava, F.R.A.C.P.
Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
N Engl J Med 2012; 366:783-785 March 1, 2012
Out of curiosity, an impressionable woman in her 30s attends an integrative medicine exhibition; having recently had a child, she's been sleep-deprived and wants to investigate natural remedies. At the seminar, she wins a door prize — a blood test that promises to diagnose cancer. She was considering getting a blood test anyway and seizes this opportunity for a more comprehensive workup. After all, you can't be too careful about avoiding cancer.
Weeks later, she receives a call from an apologetic but alarmed stranger telling her she has advanced cancer.
“How do you know?” she gasps.
“Your blood test is positive for circulating tumor cells.”
“What does that mean?” she cries.
He sends her a three-page report and tells her to seek immediate help. She spends a nail-biting week awaiting an appointment with the recommended integrative health expert.
Glancing at the report, the expert declares, “You have advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. You need treatment now.” The woman is petrified: Has her teenage smoking habit come back to haunt her?
“Are you sure?” she asks.
“Absolutely. There are circulating tumor cells in your blood.”
Tears streaming down her face, the woman asks, “What now?”
The practitioner prescribes a 12-week course of intravenous vitamin C, at a cost of $6,000, paid up front. Without further discussion, an appointment is made.
[Gets a CT scan, which shows 2 2mm nodules. They could be lung cancer.]
The hunt for a rapid cure brings the woman to my office. Relating her story, she shifts between self-assurance and sheepishness. “I know you find this incredible, but I need your help. I am dying of cancer.”
“There's no evidence of cancer,” I reply, seeking to reassure her.
Instead, her tone sharpens: “But I have circulating tumor cells! How can you say that?”
Incredulous, I try to explain too many things. The blood test is a long way from being validated for clinical use. It was unscrupulous even to offer it. Does it make sense to her that it was sent to an unheard-of overseas laboratory for processing? Why did no one recommend that she see an oncologist?
[Demands a PET scan. PET scan clear, the 2 nodules on the CT have disappeared. Probably transient foci of inflammation. Srivastava tells her, "There is no cancer." Woman still insists she has lung cancer. Demands to see a surgeon. Surgeon refuses to see her.]
Chinese medicine has detailed models
A thousand years of folk knowledge is plenty of statistical evidence.
So the Earth is flat? Dead people may reappear as ghosts? Ritualistically sacrificing an animal will result in a good harvest?
The fact that people believe things work does not mean that they work. Herbal medicines probably do work sometimes, but we need to investigate these matters to determine when herbal medicines work, when they do not work, and what they actually do. Leeches were subjected to scientific testing, and it turns out that sometimes leeches are the right approach to a medical problem -- but not nearly for the number of conditions leeches were once used for.
Here's my question for you: do you believe things just because everyone else believes those things? If not, how do you determine what is or is not true? What role, if any, does evidence play in your evaluation of truth?
Palm trees and 8
The saddest example I see of pseudoscience is in the birth communities, medical technology has taken us out of the tragic "good old days" when 1 in 10 babies and 1 in 100 mothers didn't survive a birth. But suddenly everyone thinks it's a great idea to run away from hospitals and doctors and use untrained homebirth attendants, even for high risk pregnancy. In Australia death rates are four times higher for homebirth babies.
Having recently been pregnant and seen the "trust NATURE" mantras thrown at me again and again in online communities, I'm so afraid of who else is being mislead. But the consequences are unimaginable.
spacefem.com
I'd like to hear more about this "science-based" medicine. It seems like a great concept. Unfortunately, the only resemblance conventional medicine has with science is that doctors experiment with various drugs to see if some random combination might have a positive effect.
How many commercials have you seen lately where the voice-over says, "We think this drug works by..."?
You never really know how close to the edge you can go until you fall off.
Well, the problem is that you've conflated good science with bad science there.
Good science - look for the falsifiable hypothesis.
Things that don't have a falsifiable hypothesis:
-raw foodism
-dinosaurs and cavemen living together
-anti-vaccination groups
-global warming alarmists
Things that do have a falsifiable hypothesis:
-paleo diet (or more specifically, the carbohydrate hypothesis of disease)
If you want to be scientific, you need to have a both necessary and sufficient falsifiable hypothesis, and then ruthlessly attempt to falsify it. When you fail, despite your best efforts, you're probably on the right track.
...and see *if* they work.
In terms of medical science, that means double-blind placebo controlled studies.
Sadly, our tests of these pseudo-scientific medical practices has shown them to come up short:
http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2008/04/sham_acupuncture_is_better_than_true_acu.php
As if there's no waste and harm in Western medicine. Western health practitioners tend overtreat their patients with more invasive techniques like prescription drugs and surgery, with their side effects and "complications". Acupuncture and herbs can be medically active and effective. Why not apply the scientific method to understanding how these less invasive treatments work instead of demonizing them because they are "traditional"?
It's worth noting that the handful of homeopathy practitioners that I've met over the years have a holistic approach to their medicine. I'll try to provide an example :
Western Doctor visit : You sit in the waiting room for an hour before being taken back to a room. They spend 2 minutes to weigh, measure, and get your vitals. Doc walks in and you complain of headaches. He nods, looks you over, and prescribes Tylenol 3 and ushers you to the payment processor.
Homeopathy practitioner visit : You sit in the deserted waiting room for 5 minutes before going back to a room. The practitioner comes in and gets your measurements/vitals and asks you what's wrong. You say you're having headaches. They ask more questions about activity cycle, diet, stressors, and your social situation. They prescribe you a placebo, tell you to quit playing League of Legends until 2am, and get another 2 hours of exercise per week.
There are positives to the methodology that contribute to the observed successes in those that believe.....but the actual treatments are not one of them.
"Placebos don't kill cancerous tumors..."
Baseless assertion. Psychological factors have a huge role in physical illness, from conscious and subconsciously determined patterns of physical actions and lifestyle, autonomic nerve and hormonal signals to the immune system. Placebos affect the disease indirectly, via psychology, but the results are also physical and sometimes profound. You may not be able to heal a broken leg with it, but you could possibly reduce the swelling, and potentially do many other biochemical tricks, including some that look unreasonably complicated and difficult from the outside.
There are many case studies of spontaneous remission of tumors, and they often aren't explainable by the official treatment - that's why they get called "spontaneous." The patient will typically tell the doctor that it was because of prayer or fruit juice or vitamins or laetrille or some other weird thing, and the doctor will be briefly puzzled/annoyed in the few seconds before he is distracted by something else. In the rare event the case is published, the patient's explanation will of course never appear. These are probably mostly instances of successful placebos.
"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
You will get flamed for this on /. because some fat guy who writes c++ knows more than billions of (not mostly white) people and thousands of years of demonstrable successes. There are lab studies that show, and reproduce, causality between nitric oxide levels and needle treatment. Oh really? See the google if your curious. Now many of these lab studies do not have western names in the authors list so take that as you will. Acupuncture definitely works and is not an entirely placebo effect in many circumstances. And if it's pain alleviation you're after what exactly is wrong with a placebo effect (it's cheaper than morphine). And there ain't gonna be a double blind test because a double blind test REQUIRES identical subjects. So until we clone some lab people and raise them identically you're out of luck.
So all you western keyboard warrioring engineers: before you wave away many centuries of evidence ... how's your back.
There are thousands of years of observation behind Chinese herbal medicine. There is a plausible mechanism of action.
That makes it, not "pseudoscience", but protoscience. To the best of my knowledge, Chinese doctors hadn't discovered double-blind statistically valid clinical trials. That makes their observations subject to improved scrutiny, but not necessarily wrong.
Pre-scientific medicine made some valid discoveries. Indian doctors had figured out that you should boil water before drinking it, and locate the privy downhill from the well. The Chinese figured out that motion was a necessity for health before we discovered anything about lymph circulation. The Greeks knew that being fat was bad for you.
Nor is Western medicine necessarily scientific. The "evidence-based medicine" movement is constantly finding that standard treatments are not justified scientifically.
The sound argument to be made here is that a university should be testing Chinese herbal medicine rather than teaching it.
Interesting comment on the article:
would require identical subjects, no? Google: acupuncture nitric oxide and surf around for a while.
I agree with
> some of which might be correct and some of which might be nonsense
and that certainly applies to some of western medicine including all of SSRIs. There's something happening, over the last thousands of years, that hasn't been quantified by western medicine.
And "good" western DRs alter their thinking every couple of years as they should. We don't understand systems biology and are only starting to investigate. Dismissing acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine is the mark of ideologues and amateurs.
Physics is like sex: sure, it may give some practical results, but that's not why we do it.
What has Pseudoscience given us? Asprin as Willow Bark Tea. Hypnosis as pain management.
What has modern medicine and science given us? Plenty, but demonizing others and blaming your 40% mortality rate on others doesn't help gain you any respect.
As the number of alternative practitioners graduating from tertiary education institutions increases, further health-care resources are wasted.... i.e. The bastards are spreading wealth to thin. It is all supposed to go to major corporations not to these people that genuinely care about health and being healthy. Next thing you know these satan worshippers will be extending organic farmings reach into mainstream....uuuggghhhh.
Yes, I am being sarcastic. The truth is...
We should be doing these things here. I've been to Australia (Bunbury and Melbourne), awesome people. I think this great news for Australians, as they increase their healthcare options and increase competition for healthcare systems, the need to compete will increase competence on all parties. And drive down costs to the consumer. Almost sounds like a free market at work, too bad we don't have that here in the states.
>> There are lots of things that work without the benefit of science...
Meaning, there are lots of things whose function we don't have a very clear understanding of. That's fine, as far as it goes. Even a bird can fly without taking a class in aerodynamics.
What a bird cannot do is fly in a vacuum. We know why. We know why because it has been experimentally tested and verified using scientific method.
This is the situation with homeopathy. It doesn't do anything more than we can do with tap water and a pseudo-shamanistic floor show. We know why. We know why because the various claims that have been made for it have been disproved by both tests specific to homeopathy research, and utterly unrelated tests which happen to overlap whatever hand waving homeopaths have thought up.
Luke, help me take this mask off
How is this any different than politicians in the US pushing "Creationism" in US schools?
That said homeopathic and such therapies have been used to effective in managing the health of communities for a long time. It is possible that such therapy may be useful in managing the health needs in the future. The fact is not science based is not an issue in medicine, because medicine is not really science based. The science in medicine is use primarily to protect doctors from the harm they cause. Since homeopathy and such therapies cause no harm, there is no need for the protection of science
Let's look at psychology which until the 1970's classified being gay as a illness and now revels in filling children bodies with poison. Gay as illness is a religious characterization, and never had any basis in science. The science that was done, and the classification in the DSM was to protect the doctors who wished to damage humans to fulfill a religious quest, not an effort to heal humans. Likewise, the scandals of the fake research and ghost written papers has shown that science has nothing to do with current crop of psychographics. Zyloft has had dozens of ghost written papers advocating Zyloft. A researcher that is not willing to put his or her name to a paper, or writes paper for money, has a huge credibility problem. The fact that a third of the paper for Zyloft are not traditional research is troublesome.
Likewise Vioxx., which kills patients, is not based on proper traditional science, but on paid research by the drug companies. The fake science protects the doctors who prescribed the medicine, and protect Merck from taking full responsibility for those deaths. Again, traditional medicine does not get any of those protections.
In more 'hard medicine' look at heart therapies There were few studies on women in term of cardiovascular health until the end of the twentieth century. Up until that time the focus was on men, and women were considered to be essentially the same. Not completely true. The pseudo research that so characterizes the medicine as the adopted blackshep of the genuine research community was based on what the power wanted to believe is true, rather than what observations indicated to be true.
This debate is mostly about the pharmaceuticals trying to enforce the monopoly of drugs as the primary method to manage human health. Most people who are using traditional methods are just reacting to the real message that 'drugs are bad' and it may be useful for look for other methods, even the effect of those methods cannot be quantified. It is of great benefit to the pharmaceutical companies to put a child on ridlin and guarantee a customer until death does them part, but is it beneficial to the child? And this is not a think of the kids moment. Adults are being injured every day because of the beliefs that drugs are good. Just remember when everyone was taking Pseudoephedrine for even mild symptoms of cough and cold. The amount of damage done is incalculable.
If someone wants to take about the best way to take care of patients, this is a good conversation If someone simply wants to defend prescription drugs as savior of humankind, while there is truth in it we do not need to bow down before the gods of the pharmco. If we want to talk about the decline of the university, I think it would behoove us to analyze how the pharmcos have contributed to that decline in research integrity.
"She's a scientist and a lesbian. She's not going to let it slide." Orphan Black
My wife is asian. In her culture when someone isn't feeling well, they go to a homeopathic person. If they cannot help, than they will go to the hositpal. In this culture, we go to the ER for most things.
Homeopathy therapy isn't as effective as more modern medical but many times it is cheaper and safer (less drugs). What this is about is about making making money, the medical industry is worried that someone is cutting into their pie.
If someone can be helped with some over the counter herbs, why not? And why do you care you still can go to your doctor which will give you medicines which will cure you and of course destroy your liver.
It is amusing that the construction of "normal science" in the article is so poor, given that medical "science" appears to have fundamental problems in policing its disciplinary boundaries.
Homeopathic economics...LOL
This and no other is the root from which a tyrant springs; when first he appears as a protector - Plato (423 to 327 BC)
Some chiropractors have also broken people's necks. Do you really want them messing with your children's not-fully-formed spines?
I'm glad I'm reading this now, and not back when I was in 2nd grade when I slipped a disc in my neck. I was in horrible pain for the latter half of the day and couldn't sleep, so my mom took me to a chiropractor who reopened his office to see me. He did an adjustment to my neck and the relief was instant, though not complete until some days later when my muscles stopped spazzing out. Admittedly, that was scary.
In this case, it was a win, but I can imagine someone not really knowing what they're doing having paralyzed me.
I think chiropractic has it's place, it's like massage for the bones, but it's certainly no substitute for vaccinations and other medical treatments. If, in the strange event your bones are actually out of alignment, as mine were, fine; beyond that though, it starts sounding quackish.
Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
In general, there's nothing wrong with the concept of eating as our pre-agricultural fore-bearers did. What's open to question is whether it's the best way, which is the claim at issue. Hunter-gatherer societies don't have to live to be 100, they just have to live and be healthy long enough to reproduce, get their children to reproductive age, and plug them into their culture. That left a lot of slack in the system as to what kind of diet would work. Some worked just fine. Many pre-contact indigenous Australians could expect to live to 70, baring accidents or warfare.
Luke, help me take this mask off
So people wonder why there is the preponderance of people studying the likes of Homeopathy, Chinese Herbal Medicine, Accupuncture, Chiropractic Studies... But I don't think it's a mystery. It's really an extension of the primal "need" of societies to have shaman and oracles, and for people to aspire to be in those positions in society.
Staying alive is hard, staying healthly is even harder. There's no textbook that can tell you how to do those things. Sure, there are lots of theories and scientific practice that goes around, but of course none of it is 100% appplicable to your situation. So you seek out advice and treatments, from... and this is where it gets interesting.
Of course "western" medicine and science has conquered quite a bit of the big-ticket stuff that has ailed the human race, but you have to look under the hood a bit to see exactly how this has been done. Sure there's some anatomy and bio-chem going on, but to a large extent modern medicine has been just about refining protocols. The stereotypical protocol is something like this: if you have these symptoms, and I make this diagnosis, do this treatment (often a dose of a chemical) for this amount of time. How was the treatment found? Usually at first purely by trial and error (in fact many therapies are initially "off-label" drug use), and later by refinement using differential testing... That sounds very scientific, but the catch is, how was the diagnosis done? That's a big part of the protocol and then you start to realize that most of western medicine is really just probablisitic. If you have these poorly defined symptoms, you probably have this diagnosis and this treatment probably helps, but if it doesn't, this treatment probably helps, etc, etc.... You can't do a clinical trial on yourself, and not everyone is the same... In this light pseudo-science is just a different set of probablities, coupled with a strong history and the equally strong placebo effect (w/o the scientific backing). It's just like "western" GP dispensing anti-biotics for a cold (but probably less harmful)... If medicine was practiced by science instead of protocol, by they time the virus or bacteria was cultured and analysed, you'd be over it and on to your next ailment...
But that doesn't answer why do these alternative medical practioners exist at all? I personally believe it's a combination of two things: a certain segment of the population aspires to be the folk who are consulted for advice and the opportunity to "buy oneself" into a status profession like a medical profession. But what if you aspire to be "consulted", but don't have the money or the academic background to get into medicine? That's right, you get yourself into pseudo-medicine. It's almost the same status and you get to fulfil your need to be the authority consulted for advice on being healthy.
But why do the patients come to them (and the TV talk shows interview them)? It's because they tell the patients what they want to hear (as opposed to many "western" doctors which apparently aren't trained to listen very well and as a group tend to treat small ailments in binary fashion as either "in-your-head" or "we-have-to-order-lots-of-invasive-tests-to-make-a-diagnosis"). You can call it holistic medicine or whatever you want, but often folks are just seeking the small advice about staying healthy and loathe the binary decision tree protocol. If standard "western" medicine would do a better job at offering advice, these types of alternative medicine practices wouldn't be as successful as they are.
And for the the people wanting to give advice? They'd have to seek out some other status profession... Maybe pseudo-techno-geek? ;^)
Vioxx has side effects, but then, hey, quite a few chemotherapy drugs have even worse side effects. The brouhaha about Vioxx was that it was overprescribed. IMHO it should have never been taken off the market. There are quite a few patients for whom the potential side effects are acceptable, given their quality-of-life improvements. IOW: they gladly trade off risk of death for better life before death. I think this decision should be ultimately left to the patients -- for some of them there are no alternatives to Vioxx. And I have nothing to do with pharma anything.
A successful API design takes a mixture of software design and pedagogy.
I see this as a lazy reliance on statistics. Don't get me wrong, statistics are great. I just wonder how many drugs are passed over because they only help a statisticly insignificant number of patients. For all we know, those patients carry some combination of genes that interacts with the drug in ways that could lead to greater understanding and a cure for the rest.
The "we think it works by..." mentality you describe is also particularly prevalent in drugs for treating mental illness. I think there's still some lingering lack of respect for the mentally ill.
Yeah, so you've got an excess or a defficiency of some chemical in the brain they say. Pictures or it didn't happen. Come up with an affordable non-invasive test for that, and then maybe we can start popping pills.
This coming from the site that continually links NewPseudoScientist as if it were a real source.
Pseudoscience... you mean like the art of medicine? Medical schools teach biology. Biology is not science.
Medicine gives science a bad name. The public does not know any better, they think doctors are scientists.
If you think about he dilutions used in homeopathy, then that would mean the planet earth has already been "treated" for every conceivable ailment.
Every time this topic comes up I always think of the old James Randi joke: "A homeopath recently overdosed. He forgot to take his medication."
When my wife was studying for her BS in nursing, she had to take a course in which nonsense like "touch therapy" and such was discussed in a completely non-skeptical way. She was horrified and so was I.
What a person believes can keep them healthy, be it a belief, ritual, or drug.
Are these courses a placebo? I don't know, I've never had acupuncture but I
believe it has merit (a belief) and can block signals to the brain.
The subject courses and other avenues can (and should) be used according to a patient's belief in conjunction with "stuff" that works.
there are no known mechanisms which can explain how or why acupuncture works, and indeed, again to the best of my knowledge, when double blind studies are performed comparing acupuncture to standard western medicine there is no statistically significant correlation between the application of acupuncture and positive effects beyond those of a placebo
The part of accupuncture that work is starting to be known. It's actually playing with well known nerve tricks. And although doing an "accupuncture placebo" is difficult (its difficult to organise "needles" vs. "no needles", unlike making pills that can contain a drug vs. only sugar. Its still pills in both situation) studies tend to show some effect in some specific cases.
One of the key mecanism behind it, is an actual neurophysiological phenomenon called "gate-control".
Alert and information stimuli tend to be incompetition. In practice that means that sensory information can override pain information comming from the same body region. (The neural network responsible for that phenomenon in the spine is well documented). That's why we tend to rub the body part when we're having pain (like massage a leg after having hurt it). It really soothes the pain because of the competition of the sensory stimulus (the rub) over the pain.
Another phenomenon is the "referred pain". Sometime, when both nerves from the surface and the internal organs arrive at the same region, the brain tend to confuse them an map everything to the surface, because the brain is used to the fact that information comming from this way usually comes from the skin (because getting surface stimuli is a normal everyday stuff, whereas its rarer to get stimuli from the internal organs, usually only when you're sick, so the brain is used to interpret the informations that way). Thus for example, when having a hearth attacks, people refer the pain to the left side of the neck, the left shoulder and the left flank. Because the nerves coming from these region end-up at the place (cervical nerves plexus) as the nerve (phrenic) coming from the sides of the hearth compartment (perdicard), and the brain is used to the fact that when "pain" info comes from there, it's usually due to you having hit your shoulder rather than a hearth attack.
When you combine those too, it means that you can alleviate pain including internal pains, simply by making a sensory input at the correct place.
This could work with lots of stimuli. Including skin contact (that's how massages help ease muscle pain). Including electronic nerve stimulation (that's the principle behind TENS), etc.
And that works also for accupuncture: the needles are really small. So tiny, that in fact they don't cause much pain. They mostly stimulate the skin, and thus through "gate control" will override and mask most pain, including pain coming from internal organs ("referred pain").
Now, in addition you need to understand that a lot of pain phenomenon can get self-sustaining:
- that can be local chemical change in the spine. that's how phantom limb pain (pain referred to a limb which actually isn't there anymore but was amputated, or replaced with a prothesis), specially before surgeons started to systematically do spinal or regional anesthesia in addition of full narcosis. even if the patient isn't hurt (due to full narcosis), the pain information from the amputation could reach the spine where the spine gets increasingly sensitised. (also, it doesn't help that an absent limb can't send any sensory information and thus no gate control at all even with the normal basal level of stimuli).
- there can also be some negative feed-back : sore muscle are painful. but the pain increases muscle tenderness. and contracted muscle in turn increase the pain. But by stoping the pain (either with drugs or massages, etc.) you break the self sustaining cycle and the muscles start to relax and stop causing more pain.
Thus by using accupuncture, not only do you momentaly cause a decrease of pain, but you
"Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]
"Science based" or, perhaps you mean "Reactive Pharmaceutical"?
Science is so heavily abused in concept it's like we're at a social-stand still as everyone is quick to call something science and discount something else when at all points there's little genuine science involved at all.
Now, does anyone wanna buy some viagra IV bags?
Well, while is is true that the descartian way of thought closes some doors, it opens many more. People are too willing to have faith in some treatment because they want it to work. Often belief is enough for it to present results, but you don't need an elaborate placebo "science" for that. Some german doctors were even prescribing placebo/vitamin pills to patients who thought they were sick and obtained great results (I believe there was a slashdot article about it). Unfortunately I happen to be studying medicine in one of the few serious institutions around the world that include homeopathy as an obligatory subject in medicine. And whenever I bring up the subject, someone claims that homeopathy works because they know someone whose symptoms were cured and improved. People really do underestimate the placebo effect.
"I decided I could write something better than everything out there in two weeks. And I was right." - Linus Torvalds
The same way a course in "Star Trek" makes its way into Georgetown University. Or "Art History" or "Golf Management" or dozens of other courses at dozens of other universities. Because higher education stopped being about actual education and more about a) making money and b) making the students feel good about themselves.
Probably started around the time Philosophy classes stopped reading and teaching Neitzsche, Bacon, Aristotle, and Kant, and started being about... well, slacking off, wondering randomly about whatever, and getting high. Biggest contributing factor, IMO, was when people started to feel they need college degrees, but weren't smart enough or dedicated enough to actually study seriously. So, colleges started making up stupid courses people could take, without requiring them to actually do any work. This allows everyone to get a degree, but makes half of them worthless. But hey, now most people at least have a college degree, right?
First, since when is art history a made up course to only make money? Just because it might have been filler for your course of study doesn't mean it's insignificant to others who are in creative/arts side of the university and need to understand the history and driving forces in their field. Second, when was the last time you looked at a current Philosophy course catalog? Still digging away at everyone from Plato to L. Ron Hubbard. Not sure what you would classify as a university, but there aren't a lot of slack courses at the one I attended and taught at. Insightful my fanny!
That would be easy to solve with a new law
Are you a politician?
I dunno, but are you arguing for total deregulation of medicine?
Yes. I want to be able to make my own decisions about whether a person is competent to be a doctor. I don't need Big Brother's "help", but thanks for offering.
I think chiropractic has it's place, it's like massage for the bones, but it's certainly no substitute for vaccinations and other medical treatments. If, in the strange event your bones are actually out of alignment, as mine were, fine; beyond that though, it starts sounding quackish.
Well, here's the thing: we don't actually need chiropractic to train physical therapists to do therapeutic massage. So why grant chiropractic the status of an alternative sort of medical degree? If you didn't know, they literally operate their own medical "universities" which award doctorates in quackery. A "doctor" of chiropractic is not held to anything like the standards required of a normal doctor.
And make no mistake, it's not merely quackish. Chiropractic theory is pure quack, of the highest order. It literally rejects the germ theory of disease and claims that all disease is caused by misalignment of the spine. That's as quacky as it gets. So are the manipulations of the spine it teaches as cure-alls for everything which ails you, because chiropractic is built on an elaborate (and not even internally self consistent) system of pseudoscience concerning the spine.
The GP wasn't kidding, btw. Chiropractors have literally killed children, and even adults, with spinal manipulations. Now, it's not like real doctors haven't killed patients either, but the problem with chiropractic is that it happens because of systematic ignorance. To the best of my knowledge, there are no accreditation requirements requiring all chiropractic schools to teach at least some science-based medicine. You're basically lucky if your chiropractic "doctor" has learned enough about real neurology, spinal anatomy, and symptoms of neural trauma to trust with powerful physical manipulations of your spine. (Many of the patient killings happened because the "doctor" involved simply wasn't trained well enough to recognize the symptoms of nerve damage or spinal bleeding, and thus continued to violently manipulate the spine after damaging it, instead of rushing the patient to an ER for emergency surgery.)
That's not to say there are no chiropractic schools which teach those things. The problem is, there aren't consistent standards and requirements. You're basically lucky to get anything beyond placebo out of its practitioners. The sensible thing to do would be to tear it all down and just train would-be chiropractic doctors as physical therapists / massage technicians, using an evidence-based curriculum instead of pseudoscience which was exposed as a fraud over a century ago.
Which basically means, no, there is no "place" for chiropractic in a sane world.
The whole concept of pseudoscience is the study of things outside basic scientific principles.
Arguing about it using scientific knowledge only proves to show an inability to understand the concept.
It's inherently only ever provable, the fact that this may never happen is beside the point.
If homeopathy didn't work for u, then its not the failure of the System. Its the failure of the Doctor.
Homeopathy is Science...
Extremely scientific...
Poppycock. America has been trending left for a century, and if Obama is re-elected we'll be in leftist slavery before he leaves office.
Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
I think that "The Demon Haunted World" should be required reading for anyone who wants to criticize science in favor of pseudoscience.
... what? I assumed you were a troll, but skimming through your recent comments you seem to be a plenty reasonable person.
The United States is certainly further to the left politically compared to the start of the 20th centry (see: The Jungle), but it very far to the left compared to, say, most of Europe. Barack Obama is barely to the left of the Republican nominees, although I suppose you might believe they are also too far to the left. Anyway, I don't know what the heck "leftist slavery" is unless you mean higher taxes=slavery or something like that.
Is there any -research- to back-up these claims? If not, are the authors of this paper writing about things they have expert knowledge of? We know that "The Conversation" was promoted (in AU) as a place that hires "aging" academics to write & publish, but I doubt that they have any research facilities or do any new research into the questions / issues they "pontificate" about.
If this is -only- an "opinion" based article, I'd say: this is likely an example of "the pot calling the kettle black."
--- Getting back to the effects of non-Science students being catered for at Australian universtities:
In any case, it's NOT - IMO - that these pseudoscience students consume Science / Medical School resources (any more than, say, Dance, etc. do). IF the universities wanted to boost their Science & Medical faculties, they might allocate funds from such "popular" courses for the latter -important- ones. Not finding ways to do that puts some responsibility on them, not the students.
It's more likely that the -ease- with which the alternative medical "practitioners" find gullible -paying- customers (a.k.a. "patients"), after just a -few- years of study in the "black arts" of alternative medicine, means even "smart" people are drawn to shorter & lower-cost course (compared to Med School + internship), if they can be assured of being well received (& well paid) by a market of -believers-
--- Australia tends to look after its "alternative medical" practitioners, in the most unique ways:
Eg, on Groote Eylandt (Northern Territory), an NT gov't school hired a man from Germany (who happened - before then - to be a Homeopathist, in an Eastern Australian state, apparently unable to earn as much after the Global Financial Crisis hit clients' bank balances), as a Science teacher.
We understand that gov't School let this Science teacher invite locals (including high-income miners & their familes) to give "info presentation" in a room at the School.
Before the presentations, that Science teacher had been allocated a 2 bedroom principal-class house (from the gov't housing stock), which he occupied alone, until - 1 or 2 days later, and before the start of their first teaching term - another new teacher arrived & needed housing, when no other suitable housing was available.
Eventually, he placed ad's in the town's newsletter (published by the Mining company's contractors (who, eg, ran the store, etc.) offering Homeopathic Services.
While sharing house with the other teacher, but -after- advertising the info sessions and/or Homeopathic services, the Homeopath asked the -other- teacher if she'd mind his providing those services in the house, eg, in the lounge room.
After the other teacher made it clear that she felt that would unduly limit her access to hallways, kitchen & the same lounge room, the School issued the newer teacher with an Eviction Notice (offering her an much older, long-time unoccupied (at least teachers had refused to reside there), unmaintained house, even before it could be refurbished & made ready for occupation.
When the newer teacher appealed the Eviction Notice to the School's Principal (who also held the title of Housing Officer), she was told that the very fact that the Science teacher had "additional" skills, "useful" in the Groote Eylandt community made him -more- desirable, so that it was in the interest of the School & Dep't of Education (as well as the Mining Company) that this Homeopath be given exclusive access to the fine principal-class gov't house... with its beautiful, flowering tropical back garden, etc.
In the end, the newer teacher, being threatened with forcible eviction (ie, the principal told her that Police would be called) had to move out; disappointed & insulted by her treatment, she also left Groote Eylandt (and her teaching contract), a week early.
(The newer teacher had begun to teach at that School on the -same- day of the -same- school term, but had arrived a day or two later
I have some first hand experience of this. My partner (been togethor almost 10 years) used to be 'normal' and was never sickly or prone to complaining of health issues. About 4 years ago she was diagnosed with 'Cushings Disease'. It wasn't that big a deal in my mind, overnight in hospital, lapriscopic surgery, remove a small tumor on the adrenal glands, take some hormone replacement drugs for a couple of weeks, and bob's you uncle, life goes on.
Well, to put it bluntly she has turned into a card carrying, raving hypochondriac! Its ~4 years since and she just won't let it go, she still thinks she is sick, and comes up with a new chronic ailment every couple months to keep it all rolling. She turned to 'natural medicine', supplements, natropathy, osteopaths, chiropractic, healing massage, acupuncture...the works! I tried telling her that it's all a bloody scam, and they a ripping her (well me, I'm the dickhead footing the bills) six ways.
She just won't listen, she seriously believes that the all the supplements she scarfs every day are the only thing keeping her alive.
It's driving me crazy, she is sucking the life out me, both mentally and financially. She won't work, and routinely spends +$1,000 per month on all the doctors/scam artists and supplement voodoo crap. I sometimes think of dying so I can get out this fucking nightmare.
Many people think that the word "homeopathic" means "natural medicine" or "herbal medicine" because it is marketed as such.
America has been trending left for a century
Thus explaining the massive increase in the training and use of paramilitary law enforcement squads, the numerous attacks on the bill of rights, and the various favors and hand-outs the government gives big corporations? For decades, the executive branch of government has been expanding its power, to the point of being able to make and enforce laws. You think Obama is on the left? Then perhaps you can explain his support for ACTA, for the DEA and other war-on-drugs efforts (under his administration, the DEA has unilaterally declared numerous drugs to be illegal, without any democratic process), his support for killing citizens without due process, etc.
In America your choices are "extreme right wing" or "right wing." Leftists are few and far between.
Palm trees and 8
The Scientific Establishment feels threatened - that's why they are fighting so vigourously.
Just like faster than light, and alternatives to Einstein's theory, and how they used a claim of a bad cable to whitewash result that showed faster than light effects.
Look at the mainstream Cancer Establishment, still using barbaric toxic chemotherapy with nothing else to offer - the only thing they have to offer is a different way to die.
It would be like using amputation for weight loss.
This all makes leeches look good - in fact leeches are useful (I mean the animal, not the members of the Medical Establishment).
Just because it CAN be done, doesn't mean it should!
Yup! Those "feel good about yourself degrees" with no jobs and no contribution to society...except the coffers of the universities. Then the students run up huge debts getting advanced degrees in "feel good about yourself" because they didn't have enough ambition to earn a real degree and then demonstrate against "the system" because they can't find work and can't pay their bills.
Many people may not know it, but the "universities" listed in the article aren't really universities in the sense of being actual respected universities.
Most of them are glorified "technical colleges" and "institutes of technology" that used to sit somewhere between TAFE (vocational college) and university (academic) for "soft" professions like nursing and teaching.
In the 1990's, governments decided to scale back how much money they were spending on tertiary education by allowing educational institutions to cash in on Australia's reputation for quality education by allowing in lots of "full fee paying" overseas students.
You see, in Australia going to university is practically free: students pay about 25% of the cost either up-front or via an interest-free government loan that you don't need to pay back until you start earning a certain level of income.
Before this "deregulation", universities were only able to offer a certain number of places for each degree based on how much the government was funding them. After this was changed, they started offering extra positions alongside the government funded ones to anyone who could pony up the cash - even if academically you wouldn't have made the cut everyone else had to meet. Such fee-paying positions were priced higher than the actual cost of delivery and the profits were used to prop up the departments that the government didn't like funding and other such things.
Having now struck upon a gold mine, educational institutions started renaming themselves as universities and milking foreign students' families of their hard-earned in exchange for the "prestige" of an Australian University degree.
The situation is so bad that anyone can start a "university" today. In the couple of years leading up to the global financial crisis, the hot new source of foreign students was India. Scandals were had like where in one city it was found that Indian migrants had started an "international college" that was offering qualifications in being a chef, mechanic and so on and the students were not actually doing any studying, but were instead working shifts driving taxis that the owners of the "college" had bought up.
There are but a handful of proper universities in Australia, they are commonly known as the "Sandstones". There's 7 or 8 of them. Under that is the second-tier like what one of the authors of the letter is from. Everything after that is just a degree mill that shouldn't be allowed to call itself a university as it is damaging Australia's reputation.