Slashdot Mirror


Microsoft Patent Details Whole-Room Projection Game Environment

Mackadoodledoo writes "Details of an immersive video games display system that projects images of the title's environment around a player's room have been revealed in a U.S. patent belonging to Microsoft."

76 of 118 comments (clear)

  1. so.. A holodeck? by firex726 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    so.. A holodeck?

    1. Re:so.. A holodeck? by dywolf · · Score: 1

      my thoughts exactly.
      daddy want. daddy likey.

      --
      The guy who said the election was rigged won the presidency with the second-most votes.
    2. Re:so.. A holodeck? by firex726 · · Score: 1

      It'd probably be the end of mankind.

      Who would want to leave when you can stay in your holo-fantasy world with your holo-fantasy GF.

    3. Re:so.. A holodeck? by Baloroth · · Score: 2

      Not really. A small step towards a holodeck, maybe but not a holodeck. More like a 360 projection. People have built rooms like this for various purposes (usually scientific projects), although not usually using a single device to project the whole room. Aside from technical difficulties with distortion in doing that (which MS claims to be working around), the shadows of anyone standing in the room prevents that from being a really reliable method, although it might work for a game system where the whole-room projection is just an add-on feature and doesn't need to be 100% reliable.

      --
      "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
    4. Re:so.. A holodeck? by Rockoon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      holo-fantasy drugs dont have the same effect, so the occasional drug run will be required.

      --
      "His name was James Damore."
    5. Re:so.. A holodeck? by AshFan · · Score: 1

      Simpsons did it first.

    6. Re:so.. A holodeck? by firex726 · · Score: 1

      Easy fix... use multiple projectors and throw in some force fields for good measure.

    7. Re:so.. A holodeck? by Andrewkov · · Score: 2

      They had a full 360 degree room projector at Disney World like 20 years ago.

    8. Re:so.. A holodeck? by es330td · · Score: 1

      When do we get to see Deanna Troi?

    9. Re:so.. A holodeck? by Eponymous+Hero · · Score: 2

      "have you ever gone anywhere you wanted to go with anyone that you wanted... ON WEEEEEEED?"

      --
      insensitive clod overlords obligatory xkcd car analogy russian reversals whoosh pedant fanbois ftfy in 3...2...1..PROFIT
    10. Re:so.. A holodeck? by pellik · · Score: 1

      Another example of patents and copyrights grabbing at everything from star trek.

    11. Re:so.. A holodeck? by gl4ss · · Score: 1

      not really, just a really, really really cheap and shitty version of http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eg8Bh5iI2WY "Ultimate Battlefield 3 Simulator - Build & Test (Full Video)"

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    12. Re:so.. A holodeck? by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      Knowing real life, the maker of the product would probably prohibit porn.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    13. Re:so.. A holodeck? by firex726 · · Score: 1

      Why Troi?

      So she can crash my holodeck?

    14. Re:so.. A holodeck? by firex726 · · Score: 1

      I wonder if maybe it's just a natural progression of technology.
      We have monitors then projectors so why not a four way projector? And at the time TNG was on we had primitive VR technology.

    15. Re:so.. A holodeck? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      As far as I can recall, holodecks were supposed to use planar images for the (distant) background or something like that. Of course, they had other components in addition that we don't have but still...

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    16. Re:so.. A holodeck? by fm6 · · Score: 1

      Fine, as long as Professor Moriarty doesn't develop self-awareness.

      I came to loathe the holodeck stories on the various ST sequels. Some of them were OK, but mostly the holodeck was used as a lame device for generating bogus dramatic tension. And the thing was always malfunctioning and threatening to destroy the ship or station or whatever. The first or second time that happened, you think they'd unplug it, dismantle it, and tell people to find another way to recreate.

    17. Re:so.. A holodeck? by Yvan256 · · Score: 4, Funny

      So she can crash my holodeck?

      And how would that make you feel?

    18. Re:so.. A holodeck? by hobarrera · · Score: 1

      I though this too at first, but it's not really so close to a holodeck. The holodeck had holographic proyections (ie: 3D stuff), this talks about 2D proyections on the walls. So this is closer to "big screens on your sides" than a holodeck.

    19. Re:so.. A holodeck? by compro01 · · Score: 1

      And the thing was always malfunctioning and threatening to destroy the ship or station or whatever.

      And now we finally know why!

      --
      upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
    20. Re:so.. A holodeck? by fm6 · · Score: 1

      If Microsoft had been the vendor for Star Fleet holodecks, there would have been an obnoxious musical chord playing every time a simulation began.

    21. Re:so.. A holodeck? by sumdumass · · Score: 1

      But did they play a game on it? You see, it's all these innovative details like apple finding ways to talk but "on a phone or tablet" which makes it novel and patentable. ;klrng.. Oh excuse me, I just sneezed. Now if someone could do that as part of playing a game or perhaps on a phone, they could get a patent and rule the world.

    22. Re:so.. A holodeck? by drkim · · Score: 1

      Knowing real life, the maker of the product would probably prohibit porn.

      You gottta be kidding. That's usually the killer app!

      Didn't anybody see "Brainstorm?"

    23. Re:so.. A holodeck? by fatphil · · Score: 2

      A planetarium has more than your field of vision covered, and that's century-old technology.

      --
      Also FatPhil on SoylentNews, id 863
    24. Re:so.. A holodeck? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      If it throws a BSOD with the safeties off do you die in real life?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  2. Graphics cave by flyingfsck · · Score: 3, Informative

    So, a personal game graphics cave circa 1990? That sure is MS innovation for you.

    --
    Excuse me, but please get off my Pennisetum Clandestinum, eh!
    1. Re:Graphics cave by 91degrees · · Score: 1

      Yes, because since a game cave has been created, there's absolutely nothing else that can be done with it. Well, except make the image respond to the player's position, adjust for distortion and countless other things.

    2. Re:Graphics cave by Howitzer86 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      CAVEs, or CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment, come with devices called trackers. One tracker is located on a pair of shutter glasses that the user wears. This one tracks the location of your head, which then adjusts the screens for distortion. The other tracker is located in a device called a Wanda, which is much like a Wii-mote but about 100 times more accurate. The trackers use a magnetic field that fills not just the sides of the CAVE screens it self (10x10x10 foot cube), but beyond that.

      Microsoft's innovation appears to be that it does the same thing, but with just one projector, that uses the walls around the room for peripheral vision - a highly useful feature (just ask any hardcore FPS gamer who has changed his FOV setting). It's probably not as accurate or as pretty, and it's likely going to be somewhere below the half a million you need to build a legitimate CAVE.

      Sincerely,

      Former University of Arkansas at Little Rock CAVE lab assistant

    3. Re:Graphics cave by fm6 · · Score: 1

      RTFA. This doesn't require a special room, and it's 3D.

    4. Re:Graphics cave by 91degrees · · Score: 1

      Obviousness is about implementation. Not just the idea. The two I mentioned require a fair bit of development to get to work.

    5. Re:Graphics cave by mcswell · · Score: 1

      Doesn't Plato own the patent for projecting images on the walls of CAVEs? Although I think Socrates could claim prior art. Also, their technique didn't require head tracking, the users' heads were strapped in so they couldn't move--they were indeed limited to peripheral vision for seeing anything not in front of them.

    6. Re:Graphics cave by Howitzer86 · · Score: 1

      Heh, I get the reference but you could have used that to comment about how old and non-innovative this tech is. Microsoft has patented... a worse version of existing technology. While I understand that it could be a good consumer product, I do find it a bit odd. I guess it's better they do it than a patent troll though.

  3. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by zlives · · Score: 1, Funny

    how good will a flight sime be now... o wait

  4. Unfortunately by MBuhrow · · Score: 1

    I don't think this will work in my living room. It's not really just a big empty white box.

  5. Nothing New by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I skimmed the patent and saw nothing new. Sigh :(

    I'm a MS in CS student and I know the basics of how to do everything they claim. I just don't have the time or resources to do it all myself (was actually working on a project doing smaller subset of their features - turning off projection where the user is standing. Will I get sued for that now?). I also never even considered patenting it or anything else I produce :/

  6. You can patent anti-improvements now? by Zerth · · Score: 1

    So it is a crappy version of CAVE except with a TV display in it to show better quality images?

    1. Re:You can patent anti-improvements now? by TFAFalcon · · Score: 1

      But then the big corporations won't get the patents. Small inventions mostly come from individuals or universities. The corporations incorporate them with other existing technology and patent them. We mustn't let the corporations starve!

  7. Whole room? by Dunbal · · Score: 1

    What like the ones currently being used by the military?

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  8. New excuse by Chemisor · · Score: 2

    But mom, I can't make my bed until I kill the zombies guarding it! And I can't possibly clean up my room until they stop bleeding on the carpet.

    1. Re:New excuse by PPH · · Score: 1

      Just project a scene from Better Homes and Gardens on top of all the crap lying around.

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
  9. now that would be fun by slashmydots · · Score: 1

    You know those fake flash games that pretend to be a maze or something and then a gigantic scary face pops out and screams and freaks you out? Hehehehehehehe.

  10. projection is 2 merged projections, TV + secondary by RichMan · · Score: 1

    Whole room projection has been in scifi forever and a whole bunch of researchers have done it before some with moving floors.

    Where this MS patent is different and where it becomes patentable is "main display" and "secondary display" and merging the two.
    It envisions your TV as your main display, with some sort of secondary projector to do the rest of the room and the secondary projection will merge with what is on the TV.

    Flight simulators have used multiple merged screens for years. But the MS idea of primary and secondary is slightly different.

  11. Re:Fahrenheit 451... by Jeng · · Score: 1

    So, prior art?

    Though from looking at the patent it looks like they have some substance there and they aren't just patenting the concept, but an implementation.

    --
    Don't know something? Look it up. Still don't know? Then ask.
  12. the furniture by Billly+Gates · · Score: 4, Funny

    The furniture better not have rounded corners!

    1. Re:the furniture by flyingfsck · · Score: 1

      Steve, upon getting to the perley gates, immediately sued Moses because of the rectangular rounded corner design of his clay tablets...

      --
      Excuse me, but please get off my Pennisetum Clandestinum, eh!
  13. Re:Prior Art? by Rockoon · · Score: 3, Insightful

    When you figure out how to build a teleporter and a replicator, you too will get to patent them.

    --
    "His name was James Damore."
  14. Re:Prior Art? by amicusNYCL · · Score: 1

    I'll give you a hint: part of the patent is the actual implementation of it, not just a description of "wouldn't-that-be-cool".

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
  15. A rather neat idea by Animats · · Score: 3, Informative

    This is a rather neat idea. It is intended to present the effect of a CAVE system, but without a dedicated room. The new ideas here involve using something like a Kinect to profile the room in terms of both geometry and color, then adjust the projected images to compensate. The room wall display comes from a projector atop the main monitor, a projector with optics set up to display a 360 degree image. (Aim a projector at a shiny sphere, and you get half a sphere of projection. Two such rigs facing each other will cover a whole sphere, except for the area behind the projectors. Or you can use fisheye lenses on projectors.)

    All this stuff has to be aligned. When you have a wide-angle Kinect-like device, control all the projectors, and have modern CPU and GPU power, alignment will be a few seconds of flashing patterns as the room model is built. Thereafter, as long as you don't move too far from your initial position in the room, the geometry should be good.

    The wall projections will probably be somewhat low-rez for now, but that will improve as projectors improve. Even with a low-rez environment, you'll have much better situational awareness in games. (In other words, you can see when somebody is about to attack you from behind.) Any game with group melee combat can benefit from this. Impressive.

    1. Re:A rather neat idea by Githaron · · Score: 1

      Personally, I would rather have a headset with a high resolution, high frequency, curved screen that wraps past my peripheral vision; a high definition, directional, noise cancelling headphones; and a high quality mic. You get the immersion but it is more practical. It also would allow you to get rid of the TV all together.

  16. Yeah how can they patent this? by aliquis · · Score: 2

    Isn't having thought about it supposed to be enough prior art?

  17. Prior Art: Check UIUC Cave by rs1n · · Score: 4, Informative

    This was already done by UIUC -- they have "caves" in the Beckman Institute that already do this, and I believe they even played Quake II in there.

    Beckman Institute Cave link: http://isl.beckman.illinois.edu/Labs/CAVE/CAVE.html

    Quake II in cave: http://www.visbox.com/prajlich/caveQuake/

    1. Re:Prior Art: Check UIUC Cave by SubGhandi · · Score: 1

      I played in said CAVE. Mod parent up!

    2. Re:Prior Art: Check UIUC Cave by bws111 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Ye another ill-informed, totally incorrect post modded to +5 informative by clueless mods.

      You do NOT PATENT AN IDEA OR CONCEPT, such as "playing a game in a room". You patent HOW YOU DO IT.

      Even a cursory look at the link you provided and the actual patent application shows they are not even similar.

      The link you provided says they use an "Intersense IS-900 ultrasonic/accelerometer-based tracking system". Claim 1 of the patent says they use a camera. Those are not the same.

      The link you provided clearly shows they are using flat, carefully positioned white walls. The patent says that they use the camera "to compensate for the topography of the environmental surface". A different claim states that they "compensate for the color of the environmental surface".

      They also talk about things like "shielding the user from the light by detecting his position". In other words, when the user is facing the projector, block out the image that would displayed on his face so as to not blind him. Clearly they don't have to do this in the cave system since it is using rear-projection.

      When oh when is the slashdot crowd going to learn what patents are, what they protect, and what prior art is and is not? Something in a movie or science-fiction book is NOT prior art. Something that has the same end result but gets there in a different way is NOT prior art.

    3. Re:Prior Art: Check UIUC Cave by russotto · · Score: 1

      You do NOT PATENT AN IDEA OR CONCEPT, such as "playing a game in a room". You patent HOW YOU DO IT.

      You haven't seen too many patents if you believe this. Patenting the goal is pretty common.

      Something in a movie or science-fiction book is NOT prior art.

      Tell it to Charles Hall, denied a patent on the waterbed because of a description in, yes, a science fiction book. Of course, nowadays the patent office is more strict, and nothing counts as prior art except another patent covering the same invention, and often enough not even that.

  18. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by hairyfeet · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Why am I not surprised with a UID like "KinkyKing" you are posting "more baby more"?

    As for TFA, who in the hell is gonna have a room so perfectly uncluttered and whose walls are all bare enough to make this worth using? I think a more workable idea was that one I saw awhile back where they had the VR helmet and a little treadmill like thing that allowed 360 degree movement. At least with that the player could stand in one little spot and not have to worry about having perfectly clear walls to project their games onto.

    Frankly though with all the patents that all the big corps are getting nowadays it seems to me more like they are just throwing shit at a wall and hoping that something sticks. Since patents last for 20 years and the USPTO lets you be vague as hell when it comes to them I wouldn't be surprised if anything involving games and projection for the next 20 odd years will be getting a phone call from a MSFT lawyer with their hand out. We really need a "use it or lose it" clause where if you don't actually use the patent to make some product, at a reasonable price and offered at a reasonable number of locations to keep them from just making a one off and asking a million bucks for it, then you lose the patent, simple as that. That would help get rid of all the patent trolling and might even keep companies from spamming the USPTO by making them think about having to actually make a product of some kind out of what they are filing for.

    --
    ACs don't waste your time replying, your posts are never seen by me.
  19. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

    I think you saw that in a dream.

    Think about making a 'treadmill' that allows 360 degree movement. You are ether standing inside a ball or on top of one.

    That said, I own an old VR helmet. You're going to want to sit and have solidly mounted controls in your hands. Less pukey that way.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  20. Re:Imagine if Star Trek Producers Patent Trolled by WillAdams · · Score: 1

    Interestingly, Rodenberry's contract w/ Paramount actually specified that if any device described on the show were to actually be invented there would be an allowance to use the trademarked name and no lawsuit.

    --
    Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
  21. Re:Imagine if Star Trek Producers Patent Trolled by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

    They would still lose out to whoever they stole the idea from. This is ST we are talking about.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  22. NOT a patent, not just CAVE by stevejf · · Score: 1

    This is a patent APPLICATION, not a PATENT. The USPTO PAIR website, so far, has no examiner-side documents. As this was filed just 18 months ago, and things at the USTO can take around 30 months for a final decision, there will be plenty of time to examine prior art. I'm not convinced CAVE totally preempts this patent, either. CAVE is a room with perfectly flat walls and no furniture. The MS spec and claims describe the ability for the system to perceive depth and obstructions and distort the projection so that the user sees 'nothing' except the game environment, including in rooms with furniture and not just flat square walls.

    1. Re:NOT a patent, not just CAVE by Dachannien · · Score: 1

      problem is someone was bound to think of that eventually

      Someone is bound to think of everything eventually. That's not a reason to deny someone a patent.

    2. Re:NOT a patent, not just CAVE by stevejf · · Score: 1

      Yes, its 3d projection mapping, as in that awesome vid. However, I believe the idea behind the patent is the ability to do the 'mapping' of the surface to be projected on every time the Xbox is turned on, or at least by calibration within a reasonable time. Maybe there is a device that does this now. Anyone? Also, there is language in the spec suggesting that the mapping dynamically changes to detect the user's position (e.g. movement within the room is detected, the system doesn't just assume the player will be on a treadmill all the time). Also, the term of a patent is 20 years, not 50, which begins counting from the date of filing. So, even if the patent issued today, MS would have only 18.5 months to do anything with the patent. Inspecting the file wrapper of this application shows that the examiner has done essentially NOTHING, and the claims are not allowed yet. There is still plenty of time for the examiner to review prior art and ask MS for claim amendments limiting the scope. Almost every file history I have read has had at least one rejection of claims due to overbreadth or prior art, which results in amendments limiting scope.

  23. Re:Prior Art? by PPH · · Score: 1

    When you figure out how to build ...

    Not a requirement for a patent in the USA.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  24. What about VR Glasses? by hobarrera · · Score: 1

    Aren't VR glasses better? The room in the article looks larger than my entire flat - not to mention it's full of stuff, not empty walls.

    While this is cool for dedicated locations, and especially shared experiences, I think average home users would be better off with some cool 3D glasses, which seems to be sony's approach.

  25. So they actually made this, right? by rastoboy29 · · Score: 1

    Right?

  26. BSOD? by maharvey · · Score: 1

    Now the BSOD experience can be immersive!

    1. Re:BSOD? by fatphil · · Score: 1

      If you're surrounded by it, is it now the Blue Shroud of Death?

      --
      Also FatPhil on SoylentNews, id 863
  27. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by hairyfeet · · Score: 1

    It was for some show where they tried to cook up a "dream rig" of absolute cutting edge and they had a bunch of Hollywood SFX guys helping out. The thing used some sort of belt system that was able to switch direction, don't ask me to explain the thing but I can tell you they did have a small harness to keep him from going too far on the system and taking a header. They had rigged up this lightgun M16 that would work in game and track his fire so he could just blast, along with a set of infrared lasers that allowed him to duck and lean.

    It was wicked cool to watch but afterwards the guy using it said he felt like he was gonna have a coronary when bad guys came flying out from around a corner and that the tracking did leave him with a sick at his stomach feeling so while it might be cool in small doses i kinda doubt its something you'd want to have a marathon CoD session with. Still looked cool as hell to watch.

    --
    ACs don't waste your time replying, your posts are never seen by me.
  28. Old news by NATP · · Score: 1

    So -- they're suggesting running a game in a CAVE virtual environment? Not exactly new. Multiscreen flight sims [xplane] are examples of one form of prior art (ok -- not quite CAVEs, but I don't know of a game in a CAVE environment. To argue that doing so is somehow non-obvious would be ridiculous. But I guess that's what lawyers are paid to do.

    1. Re:Old news by Damouze · · Score: 1

      I have actually seen demos of old games like Quake or Doom in a CAVE.

      The fact that Micro$oft has been granted this pattern shows once again how f***i*g incompetent the US Patent Bureau is.

      --
      And on the Eighth Day, Man created God.
    2. Re:Old news by stevejf · · Score: 1

      not granted. this is just an application that has been published. the OP has incorrect and misleading text. The examiner hasn't done any prior art examination, according to USPTO PAIR.

  29. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by sarysa · · Score: 1

    I'm not so sure. I can't speak for OP but I don't imagine I'm the only one around here who has softened their stance with Microsoft over the years. I went from hater to neutral and was genuinely impressed by the Kinect. I have high hopes for this one after the Kinect went pretty well. (aside from my room being too small to play without crashing into things...a lot. :P )

    If it's a patent issue, btw, I guess I'm not bothered much by large scale, high risk, research heavy patents. I'm more bothered by the stuff I could code in less than a typical work day. (which is probably >95% of software patents floating around)

    --
    Charisma is the measure of someone's ability to lie with a straight face.
  30. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by drkim · · Score: 2

    Think about making a 'treadmill' that allows 360 degree movement. You are ether standing inside a ball or on top of one.

    There is one system (Russian) that does put you in a giant transparent sphere. (Saw this at Nextfest)

    However, there are some other systems for doing this that work pretty well...

    One is a treadmill, actually two, set at right angles, one sort of "riding on" the other (don't know the exact mechanism, just saw the video) As you walk, say north, the N-S treadmill runs south. If you turn west, the E-W treadmill starts moving you east. If you move on a diagonal they both run in opposition to your movement to keep you near the center.

    There is a cute one with motorized roller skates that slowly roll you back to center.

    There is also an interesting psychological approach to this problem. One system actually keeps changing the map layout so you gradually keep yourself centered. This works well with a map with a lot of turns, of course. It works by making your turns "not quite" or "a little more than" 90 degrees; and then changing the layout behind you. As I recall, most people were unaware of the changes.

    That said, I own an old VR helmet. You're going to want to sit and have solidly mounted controls in your hands. Less pukey that way.

    I've been using an HMD for about 8 years. The 'pukey' years were back when I couldn't refresh the display fast enough to keep the display up with head tracking. So, my inner-ear and visual cortex had to fight it out. Now I'm getting a good FPS, no more puke. I run freestanding with a hand controller. If you think about it, you walk though real-life without nausea. If the head tracking and refresh are solid, it just looks like RL.

  31. OP's Article snippet misleading. by stevejf · · Score: 1

    MS hasn't been granted this patent, hasn't been reviewed by examiner, and is just a published application.

  32. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

    One is a treadmill, actually two, set at right angles, one sort of "riding on" the other (don't know the exact mechanism, just saw the video) As you walk, say north, the N-S treadmill runs south. If you turn west, the E-W treadmill starts moving you east.

    ... until the top treadmill hits the end of the lower one, and falls off.

    There's no way it could work how you describe.

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  33. Re:Oh baby, Microsoft sure knows how to tease by drkim · · Score: 1

    I'm sorry I failed to describe it to your satisfaction. You did read my disclaimer?:
    "One is a treadmill, actually two, set at right angles, one sort of "riding on" the other (don't know the exact mechanism, just saw the video)"

    Please watch these:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=moq1Dclza90
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rtX2pWRh6w

  34. Re:Prior Art? by mcswell · · Score: 1

    IANL, but I believe that is incorrect. A patent application (at least in the US) only requires a "description of how to make and use the invention that must provide sufficient detail for a person skilled in the art (i.e., the relevant area of technology) to make and use the invention." That doesn't mean the patent holder needs to have that skill, nor that the patent holder needs to have built it or contracted someone to build it.