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One Year Since Assange Took Refuge in Ecuadorian Embassy

Daniel_Stuckey writes with an article marking the one year anniversary of Julian Assange seeking asylum in the Ecuadorian Embassy. From the article: "Uninterested in facing U.S. justice, Assange said he's prepared to spend five years living there. If he goes out for a walk, he'll be extradited to Sweden to answer rape accusations —after which he has no promise from Sweden to deny further extradition efforts to America, where a grand jury investigation into WikiLeaks awaits. This also means that London's Metropolitan Police have been devoting their resources to keeping tabs on Assange for a year. Yesterday, a spokesperson explained the updated costs of guarding the embassy over the phone: 'From July 2012 through May 2013, the full cost has been £3.8 million ($5,963,340),' he said. '£700,000 ($1,099,560) of which are additional, or overtime costs.' Julian has a treadmill, a SAD lamp, and a connection to the Internet, through which he's been publishing small leaks and conducting interviews. The indoor lifestyle has taken its toll on Julian, and it led to his contracting a chronic lung condition last fall."

38 of 541 comments (clear)

  1. But he's a rapist, like Dominique Strauss Kahn!! by TWiTfan · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Lots of people turn to raping after making speeches criticizing the primacy of the U.S. dollar, or revealing U.S. top secret documents. Hell, it wouldn't surprise me if Edward Snowden weren't considering raping some poor women right now, or molesting kids, or selling secrets to the Chinese, or kicking puppies.

    --
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  2. HI JULIAN by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    We know you read Slashdot. You're a geek who can't go outside, so you've gotta be here. Come on and say hi to us already.

    1. Re:HI JULIAN by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      We know you read Slashdot. You're a geek who can't go outside, so you've gotta be here. Come on and say hi to us already.

      Nice try, NSA!

  3. Re:Can't they get him out by SuricouRaven · · Score: 4, Informative

    No. The standard embassy deal covers only embassy ground and certain agreed-upon diplomatic staff (ie, if war breaks out, both sides agree to let the ambassadors for the other go home safely). Assange is not diplomatic staff, and thus cannot be transported. Even if he was, good luck getting clearance to fly. Right now the situation is stalemate: Assange cannot leave, and the UK government cannot enter.

  4. This is stupid by IamTheRealMike · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Even in prison you are actually allowed to go outside. Presumably he prefers an internet connection to being able to see the sun? What he's got now is hardly better than it he was extradited to the USA and thrown in jail, except he doesn't get to be a martyr or fight a decent trial this way.

    1. Re:This is stupid by Microlith · · Score: 4, Informative

      At least now he has contact with the outside world. In a US prison he'd most certainly be held in isolation and maybe, just maybe, allowed to see his lawyer.

    2. Re:This is stupid by Graydyn+Young · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The difference is that he isn't facing prison. He's facing Gitmo.

  5. Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US. by walshy007 · · Score: 5, Informative

    Last I checked he was willing to go to sweden for the questioning (no charges have been put forward at all to my knowledge yet) so long as he had a guarantee to not be extradited to the US while there.

    Sweden refused.

    If I were him I'd take that as intent to ship him off after he gets there.

  6. Re:rat scurry by SuricouRaven · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Fugitive, yes. But remember that every oppressive dictatorship in history has carried out their purges and atrocities in the name of 'justice.' It is a very flexible concept. What one country considered justice, another may well consider crimes against humanity - and often the same is true with the roles reversed. He isn't hiding from the rape accusation* - he he hiding from the US (He believes Sweden to be acting as their proxy), and given their treatment of other people involved in high-profile leaks** it could certainly be argued that any paranoia he feels is justified.

    If I believed the US were trying to extradite me in connection with a major leak, I'd be packing my bags and buying a train ticket as far as I could go by cash.

    *It isn't rape exactly, but there is no precise equivilent in UK or US law, so 'rape' is close enough. A better translation might be 'sex by deception.'

    **Manning, kept in solitary confinement for years without trial, then being tried at a secret court in which he isn't permitted to see the evidence presented against him.

  7. Re:Can't they get him out by Alranor · · Score: 4, Informative

    In order to qualify for diplomatic immunity, you have to present your credentials to the host country and have them accepted.

    I expect the British government would absolutely love for Assange to try that, as he'd have to come out the embassy to do it.

  8. Re:Can't they get him out by Antipater · · Score: 5, Funny

    use a ladder between the steps and the car door so you're not touching the ground?

    Couldn't they then claim he was violating their airspace and shoot him down?

    --
    Everything is better with chainsaws.
  9. Re:Can't they get him out by dcollins117 · · Score: 4, Funny

    What could the UK authorities do if Ecuador declared Assange to be an ambassador?

    I think Assange would be the last person on earth they'd trust with state secrets.

  10. Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    There's no real evidence that requires him to be extradited to Sweden. This was all hashed out last year. There's no evidence and noone is pressing charges. There were no charges pending when he left Sweden, long after the alleged incident happened. A prosecuter decided to open a closed case with no new evidence and no victim and demanded Assange show up in person for questioning.

    If he wasn't wanted in the US, there's no reason for Sweden or Great Britain to go to the lengths they've gone to or to spend the money they've spent.

  11. Re:seems like a waste of money by Xest · · Score: 5, Insightful

    No it's worse than that, he posted some text on the internet!

  12. at what point do we stop kidding ourselves. by nimbius · · Score: 5, Interesting

    hes lived in a room in an embassy for an entire year, but its just questioning
    hes prepared to live 5 more years in the embassy, but its just questioning
    £200,000 bail was required to get him out of the klink, where he was awaiting extradition for questioning
    swedish prosecutors have been given access to assange in jail, in the embassy, and during his house arrest on bail to which they declined
    the british government has committed £3.8 million to playing what amounts to a very childish game of whack-a-mole with no end in sight...just to process an extradition for questioning about a possible rape.
    The case is hillariously frought with inconsistency. There are more consistent rape and assault allegations on an episode of Jerry Springer, but for some reason the swedish criminal justice system cant seem to get this one even remotely credible.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange#Allegations_of_sexual_assault_and_political_refugee
    the US denies any "witch-hunt" is being undertaken but this is coming from a country that practices rendition, operates torture camps, and executes its own citizens without trial. So its safe to say the opinion of the government targeted by Assanges leaks is wholly unqualified to comment upon their response.

    Assange knows what we all refuse to admit: Sweden might be his country of extradition, but his final destination is the cuban resort with the lemon-pepper fish and waterboard wednesdays.

    --
    Good people go to bed earlier.
    1. Re:at what point do we stop kidding ourselves. by vux984 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Do note that the executed citizens were promoting terrorist activities against the USA from countries unable to arrest them. Had these people surrendered themselves they would have been brought to trial.

      Its true because someone in the government said so? So we can kill them. Based on just that.

      We know he was a terrorist because he had a trial? Where the prosecution and defense made there case and a jury agreed he was guilty? No. We didn't do any of that. So we don't know he was terrorist.

      Next you'll be saying why bother with a trial for murderers? The prosecution wouldn't be after them if they weren't murderers. We don't need checks and balances. If the prosecution just decides someone is guilty, that's good enough for you right?

      Why would the prosecution lie? That would never happen. Could they make a mistake? Surely not!

      Bradley Manning on the other hand I have nothing but contempt for and whatever sentence he gets will not be sufficient to satisfy me that he's been punished for what he did.

      Nothing but contempt for a person who did what he believed was right, who took tremendous personal risks, and knew what the penalties would be, but carried on because of his conscious? That's the man you have nothing but contempt for?

      He is not a bad person, nor a corrupt one. He was merely wrong. In a world full of truly evil and corrupt people seeking personal power, and to erode our freedom... here's a guy who genuinely wants to do the right thing. And you can't punish him enough?

      The guy deserves a light sentence. He is not the enemy of america.

      You, however, might be. With your acceptence of a transformed america where the government decides which citizens are guilty without trials, and then kills them with drones.

  13. Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US. by Squapper · · Score: 4, Informative

    Sweden CANNOT guarantee that there will be no extradiction, as it would mean overriding the whole legal system in a way that a non-corrupt country shouldnt.

  14. Re:Can't they get him out by Xest · · Score: 4, Interesting

    According to international law he has the right as someone who has been granted asylum to be given free passage to Ecuador.

    The problem is that for some reason our government seems to be placing law on bail conditions and Swedish law right up above fundamental globally established law on human rights and asylum that we've both signed up to and implemented.

    God forbid someone desperate goes to the British embassy in a country where their life is genuinely in danger and is granted asylum because we've now created a precedent where they have absolutely no hope of getting out safely even if asylum granted. The same applies if say a British citizen finds themselves stuck in a nation that falls into chaos or similar for whatever reason and goes for asylum at a friendly embassy - why should that nation give safe free passage back home to a British citizen now given that we've flouted international law that we signed up to and implemented? We no longer have international credibility on issues like diplomatic protection and asylum because of this.

  15. Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US. by quenda · · Score: 4, Informative

    He says that if he's sent to Sweden, Sweden will extradite him to the U.S.. There's no actual evidence for that, and no real reason to believe it.

    Sweden has handed over suspects to the CIA for torture before.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Agiza_and_Muhammad_al-Zery

  16. Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    many cases like this also end up as a political football, and it doesn't help that the girls who raised the allegations have previous history with the CIA.

    something stinks, but nobody wants to talk about the smell.

  17. Sweden CAN guarantee that. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Extradition has to be OK'd by the foreign minister (in the case of foreign nationals in the country). And they have questioned putative murderers by going there and asking them questions. Yet in this case, they say they can't ask him questions unless they have him on their soverein ground.

    Why the sudden inability?

    THAT is why his worries are NOT paranoia: they are blatantly out to get him, by hook or by crook.

  18. Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US. by Karl+Cocknozzle · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Sweden refused to have the workings of their legal system dictated to them by a fugitive?

    I can't thing of many countries where that would wash.

    "Wanted for questioning" and "fugitive" are not the same thing. Further, what he's "wanted for questioning" about isn't a crime in the United Kingdom (no, he's not been accused of "rape" in the traditional sense, he's been accused of continuing consensual intercourse after a condom broke after having agreeing to use one,) nor the US, nor most other countries on earth. And it gets better: A male is still liable for this "crime" even if neither party notices the break and neither party withdraws consent! The female can retroactively withdraw consent if she notices later the condom broke! 100% of all risk relating to consensual sex in Sweden is conferred onto the male by law, apparently.

    It is too cute, by half, to suggest he's a "fugitive." An INTERPOL warrant was issued on a basis that has, historically never even once been used in the history of INTERPOL: That Assange is wanted for questioning over a misdemeanor crime. That he hasn't even been charged with.

    That Sweden won't guarantee him safe passage (i.e. "We won't extradite you to the USA") you can surmise that extradition to the United States is the sole purpose of getting him to Sweden in the first place. If it wasn't, they'd have long since agreed just to end this stain on their reputation: Already most Europeans see them as a tool of the Americans. Ditto the UK. I mean, most people saw them that way before this, but this has only cemented that image in their minds.

    And no, it isn't remotely uncommon for attorneys to set conditions for voluntary interviews with police. Or even involuntary ones... (i.e. "My client won't answer any questions unless he's unshackled and given some water to drink.")

    --
    Who did what now?
  19. Re:rat scurry by Alranor · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That allegation, as I understand it, is that after having had protected sex with the lady the evening before, she woke up in the morning to discover him having unprotected sex with her.

    Unless you believe that the consent to protected sex from the night before includes consent to unprotected sex the next morning, he was having sex with her without her consent. Therefore it would be rape.

  20. Re:The more important question is... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    How much is this costing Ecuador and how long are they willing to host Assange?

    three extra meals a day $50
    extra laundry bills $10 a day
    limitless internet $100 a month

    Annoying America - Priceless!

  21. Re:The more important question is... by Ecuador · · Score: 5, Funny

    A. Not your concern.
    B. At least as long as it gets Slashdot topics.

    --
    Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent. Polar Scope Align for iOS
  22. Re:rat scurry by Richard_at_work · · Score: 4, Informative

    Yes, it is rape. Under Swedish law and UK law.

    From the ruling on the 2nd November 2011:

    The EAW sets out four offences:
      “1. Unlawful coercion - On 13-14 August 2010, in the home of the injured party [AA] in
    Stockholm, Assange, by using violence, forced the injured party to endure his restricting
    her freedom of movement. The violence consisted in a firm hold of the injured party’s
    arms and a forceful spreading of her legs whilst lying on top of her and with his body
    weight preventing her from moving or shifting.

    2.Sexual molestation - On 13-14 August 2010, in the home of the injured party [AA] in
    Stockholm, Assange deliberately molested the injured party by acting in a manner
    designed to violate her sexual integrity. Assange, who was aware that it was the
    expressed wish of the injured party and a prerequisite of sexual intercourse that a
    condom be used, consummated unprotected sexual intercourse with her without her
    knowledge.

    3.Sexual molestation - On 18 August 2010 or on any of the days before or after that
    date, in the home of the injured party [AA] in Stockholm, Assange deliberately molested
    the injured party by acting in a manner designed to violate her sexual integrity i.e. lying
    next to her and pressing his naked, erect penis to her body.

    4.Rape - On 17 August 2010, in the home of the injured party [SW] in Enköping,
    Assange deliberately consummated sexual intercourse with her by improperly exploiting
    that she, due to sleep, was in a helpless state.
    It is an aggravating circumstance that Assange, who was aware that it was the
    expressed wish of the injured party and a prerequisite of sexual intercourse that a
    condom be used, still consummated unprotected sexual intercourse with her. The
    sexual act was designed to violate the injured party’s sexual integrity.”

    Note the fourth offence Assange is sought for under the EAW.

    Now, how does the court handle that?

    Again, in the 2nd November 2011 court ruling:

    The Court rejected Mr Assange’s contention that under the law of England and Wales consent to
    sexual intercourse on condition a condom was used was remained consent to sexual intercourse even
    if a condom was not used or removed. (paras 86-91)

    The Court considered the issue of Offence 4 and ruled that the conduct described in the EAW was
    fairly and accurately reported. The President of the Queen's Bench Division concluded:

    "It is quite clear that the gravamen of the offence described is that Mr Assange had sexual intercourse
    with her without a condom and that she had only been prepared to consent to sexual intercourse with
    a condom. The description of the conduct makes clear that he consummated sexual intercourse when
    she was asleep and that she had insisted upon him wearing a condom. ...... it is difficult to see how a
    person could reasonably have believed in consent if the complaint alleges a state of sleep or half
    sleep, and secondly it avers that consent would not have been given without a condom. There is
    nothing in the statement from which it could be inferred that he reasonably expected that she would
    have consented to sex without a condom." (para 124)

    The court went on to say:

    "It is clear that the allegation is that he had sexual intercourse with her when she was not in a position
    to consent and so he could not have had any reasonable belief that she did." (para 126)

    The Court ruled that Mr Assange's objections raised in relation to Offence 4 fail.

    The British Court agreed that it was indeed a valid offence of rape under the definitions given.

    http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/assange-summary.pdf

  23. Re:Can't they get him out by Richard_at_work · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Would you like to point to the precise, actual line which covers your assertion?

    Yes, I am technically literate enough to google it, but *you* are the one who made the assertion without backing it up - so therefor, provide evidence to back your position up please.

    Please show where a country is obligated to allow a person who has a valid arrest warrant outstanding to be allowed safe passage out of their jurisdiction. Go on, please do.

  24. Re:seems like a waste of money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Yeah, that's why the far right voted for the PATRIOT Act in the US. Here's a hint, Fascism is not 'far left', it is 'far right'.

    And the left is abusing it just as much if not moreso than the right. So get off your high partisan horse and see the nation for what it really is.

  25. Re:seems like a waste of money by turp182 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Fascism actually seems like a centrist position at this point...

    --
    BlameBillCosby.com
  26. Re:Can't they get him out by Richard_at_work · · Score: 4, Informative

    It might also harm your claim that Assange does not fall under the definition of a "refugee" under those very protocols that you mention.

    Oh, and also, neither of those conventions or protocols require a country to ignore its own law with regard to actionable arrest warrants unrelated to refugee status - so even if he did fall under the definition, there is still nothing there which requires Britain to grant him passage out of the Ecuadorian embassy...

  27. Fugitive [Re:Sweden is not, in fact, the US.] by Geoffrey.landis · · Score: 4, Informative

    Sweden refused to have the workings of their legal system dictated to them by a fugitive? I can't thing of many countries where that would wash.

    "Wanted for questioning" and "fugitive" are not the same thing.

    True. He is both wanted for questioning and a fugitive.

    Further, what he's "wanted for questioning" about isn't a crime in the United Kingdom

    Actually, it is. More particularly, though, he agreed to present himself to British Justice system on request-- that was a condition of his bail-- and, instead, he skipped out. So now he is a fugitive from justice in both Britain and Sweden.

    That Sweden won't guarantee him safe passage (i.e. "We won't extradite you to the USA") you can surmise that extradition to the United States is the sole purpose of getting him to Sweden in the first place.

    You can assume no such thing. In general, legal systems don't do negotiations with people wanted for questioning. Assange has come up with a continuously changing list of excuses why he doesn't want to go to Sweden to answer questions about rape charges, and the excuses evolve to fit whatever he seems to think will best please the audience. Since he could end up facing rape charges, one can see why he might want to not visit the police in Sweden. Possibly he should go to Switzerland, where he could join Roman Polanski, also fugitive from rape charges.

    --
    http://www.geoffreylandis.com
  28. Re:But he's a rapist, like Dominique Strauss Kahn! by girlintraining · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Lots of people turn to raping after making speeches criticizing the primacy of the U.S. dollar, or revealing U.S. top secret documents. Hell, it wouldn't surprise me if Edward Snowden weren't considering raping some poor women right now, or molesting kids, or selling secrets to the Chinese, or kicking puppies.

    In politics that if you can't attack the message, you attack the messenger. The United States has several organizations dedicated to discrediting people who come forward with allegations of impropriety against the government. It is a standard tactic used by many governments; Distributing disinformation is a time-honored military and political strategy.

    And it is very effective. Just look at this thread: Some people have been completely taken in by it and the discussion now revolves not around the correctness of whistle blowing, or whether society benefits from an organization like wikileaks, or if what the government was exposed in having done was right or wrong... the entire discussion now centers largely on Julian.

    --
    #fuckbeta #iamslashdot #dicemustdie
  29. Re:seems like a waste of money by Runaway1956 · · Score: 4, Informative

    How can he be accused of rape, exactly, when both women have been quoted in interviews, stating that they were NOT raped?

    "Oh, no officer, he didn't rape me."

    "Your honor, I'm asking that you sign a warrant of arrest for rape, because the witness states that she has not been raped."

    --
    "Windows is like the faint smell of piss in a subway: it's there, and there's nothing you can do about it." - Charlie Br
  30. Re: seems like a waste of money by Mabhatter · · Score: 4, Interesting

    But they cannot seem to GUARANTEE he will make it to said Swedish courtroom.

    THAT is the telling thing. Sweden would not send an officer to claim him (and therefore put him into Swedish custody directly) they expect UK to put him on a plane and that plane to make it to Sweden.

    Swedes claim there is "no paperwork" but seem awfully intent on him being on a UK plane. Where such paperwork will suddenly appear, but he will be unable to reach his Swedish lawyer to argue his case in SWEDISH court while he's bound and gagged to the USA.

  31. Re:seems like a waste of money by Xest · · Score: 5, Insightful

    No he's not. He's wanted for questioning. There's a distinct difference.

    If he was officially accused of rape - i.e. if there was enough evidence to accuse him then the Swedish authorities would've decided to prosecute and ask for extradition based on that prosecution, instead they just want to get him to Sweden merely to "question" him, even though as the Ecuadorian authorities have pointed out there's no reason they couldn't do this at the embassy if it's necessary before pressing charges because they've done this before in other cases so it's perfectly possible under Swedish law.

    Which is really what makes it all so odd, if there's so much certainty he committed rape, why not just press charges and issue a warrant based on that? Why pull him all the way to another country merely to just ask a few questions? He even offered to go to them and do this at the Swedish embassy in London for a while prior to seeking asylum.

    Really if the rape charges are legit and he desperately needs to answer them this question could be resolved way more cheaply than funding this ongoing saga. Flying a couple of officers to the UK or using some possibly already present in the Swedish embassy would cost next to nothing just to question. Then once they've question if they want to press charges they can, and Assange's case is suddenly greatly weakened. The fact they're unwilling to spend next to nothing to backup their assertions is quite telling.

    You don't spend $3.8million guarding an embassy and then millions more in politician, advisor, lawyer and additional police wages just to ask some questions. There's much more to it than that.

  32. Re:Not Legitimate Rape! by Mike+Buddha · · Score: 4, Funny

    That's because their bodies shut down, preventing pregnancy. That's how it works.

    --
    by Mike Buddha -- Someday the mountain might get him, but the law never will.
  33. Re:seems like a waste of money by Shinobi · · Score: 5, Informative

    Actually, in this case, it is justified to berate the women.

    Anna Ardin made boasts about having sex with Julian on Twitter, tweets that were later deleted.

    Sofia Wilen sent SMS's to a friend stating that she was half asleep when one sex act occured.

    In statements to prosecutors, Anna Ardin gave in total 5 different versions of events. Sofia Wilen gave in total 3 different versions, one of them being that she was fully asleep, and was awakened by Assange having sex with her. The original prosecutor dropped the case, because she could establish no credibility to the claims made by the women. Then Marianne Ny, a well-known ultra-feminist manhater, who has a track record of not only prosecuting men just for being men, but also for destroying evidence that proves their innocence, and, when higher courts clear their names, she insists that they have not been cleared, in media campaigns.

    The defense laywer for both women was a well-known politically motivated person with previous shady dealings with courts and prosecutors(Famous for the Quick case mishandling for example), namely Claes BorgstrÃm. He's also a close personal friend of Marianne Ny. Anna Ardin, BorgstrÃm and Marianne Ny are all activist members of the same politcal party, a party known for extra-legal maneuverings.

    Here's the kicker: The last statement by both women, made when Marianne Ny had taken over, suddenly had the events match exactly.... From previously being totally incoherent and unsubstantiated due to evidence to the contrary, to coordinated and coherent, with important evidence to the contrary suddenly not taken into account.

    One of the women, Sofia Wilen, refused to sign her statement in the end, and later on said she felt railroaded into making a particular statement.

    A rather famous old guard swedish feminist, of the old and respectable "Equality means equal rights, but also equal responsibilities" philosophy, who also happens to be a journalist, has looked through the case, including all the testimonies, and she's highlighted a lot of inconsistencies. A former High Court judge, also a woman, classes it as a "case with questionable validity, driven by political demand".

    Marianne Ny in march retreated from being the actual prosecutor in the case, but she will still be the leader of the group handling the case.

  34. Re:seems like a waste of money by Shinobi · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The case should never have been reopened after the first prosecutor closed it, so yes, Assange should be let go. At least Anna Ardin should be tried for perjury, Marianne Ny should be tried for gross misconduct. Ardin, Ny, BorgstrÃm and Wilen should all be tried for conspiracy.

    As for your insinuations, when a former High Court justice(High court being the highest instance of regular court in Sweden) STRONGLY talks, non-anonymously, about the case being without merit, and it is a woman too, it cannot be waved away, no matter if someone tries to claim sexism or "attempting to escape justice". The fact that one of the accusers, the defense lawyer and the prosecutor that re-opened the case are all activists(not just members, but active in policy making etc) in the same political party should have been an immediate cause for investigation of judicial integrity. The fact that the lawyer and prosecutor are personal friends should have raised a formal inquiry too. The fact that both the lawyer and prosecutor have a history of judicial scandals should have triggered a formal inquiry.

    As it is, so many of the principles of the Swedish Judicial system have been violated that its integrity can not be restored without a total restructuring.

    To reiterate the first comment:
    The case should never have been re-opened, based on all the evidence that have come out.