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White House Wants Ideas For "Bootstrapping a Solar System Civilization"

MarkWhittington writes Tom Kalil, the Deputy Director for Policy for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and Senior Advisor for Science, Technology and Innovation for the National Economic Council, has an intriguing Tuesday post on the OSTP blog. Kalil is soliciting ideas for "bootstrapping a solar system civilization." Anyone interested in offering ideas along those lines to the Obama administration can contact a special email address that has been set up for that purpose. The ideas that Kalil muses about in his post are not new for people who have studied the question of how to settle space at length. The ideas consist of sending autonomous robots to various locations in space to create infrastructure using local resources with advanced manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing. The new aspect is that someone in the White House is publicly discussing these concepts.

352 comments

  1. Biggest motivation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Prison colonies!

    1. Re: Biggest motivation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      How to bootstrap a solar System civilization: Take all military dounds and give them to nasa.

    2. Re:Biggest motivation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      First post of the thread, modded redundant... Now that's totally cool.

    3. Re:Biggest motivation? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      I have an idea...we could name a ship Botany Bay and send the worst criminals into space.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    4. Re:Biggest motivation? by z0idberg · · Score: 5, Funny

      The only problem with that is that their descendents will then come back in 200 years and beat our descendents in all the sports we invented.

    5. Re:Biggest motivation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Easy fix: call it Mayflower. They'll have an inflated ego and beer muscle.

    6. Re: Biggest motivation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That will work about as well as taking all police funds and giving them to HUD.

    7. Re:Biggest motivation? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Nah. You could maybe get away with that on Mars and Venus, but for the rest of the solar system you've got too much mobility, and you probably don't want to be intentionally putting the most powerful weapons in the solar system (kinetic energy weapons - aka deflected asteroids) in the hands of criminals.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  2. so...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    where did they find oil now?

    1. Re:so...... by tloh · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I won't speculate on the intentions of OC. But bringing up oil does raise a very legitimate item of concern. For much of the 20th century, petroleum has been the critical resource that drove or enabled much of our civilization and technical infrastructure. If we are going to look skyward, we have *GOT* to start thinking differently about the resource(s) that we are going to use. Unless big oil is willing to shell out the cash for researching the exploration and mining of hydrocarbons in the Jovian system, our government has got to step up and look at what we need to power space travel on an industrial scale.

      --
      Stay sentient. Don't drink bad milk.
    2. Re:so...... by Doubting+Sapien · · Score: 2

      Why is this comment modded off topic? Anyone who has bothered to read the linked webpages would know they are not talking about photovoltaics. What perhaps *IS* off topic is that examiner.com is usually a really poor source of good science. The feed they provide to YAHOO is almost always filled with sensationalist nonsense.

      --
      ========== "Hello World" in my programming language of choice: ATG - LET THERE BE LIFE - TAG ==========
    3. Re:so...... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Obviously. Hydrocarbons aren't viable as a fuel source unless you have a convenient oxygen atmosphere to burn them in - if you have to generate your own oxygen from the exhaust then you'll probably be generating your own hydrocarbons as well, and you'll never generate any excess energy eating your own tail.

      If you want a dense energy source in space you have exactly two options: fission and fusion. And for non-rocketry applications any sort of thermal engine driven process presents major challenges since you need to dump about twice as much energy as heat as you generate as electricity, meaning it'll only be suitable for high-power applications if you have a planet or really large asteroid to use as a heat sink, or massive radiant cooling fins. For free space usage that probably means hydrogen-boron fusion, since the energy is released entirely as charged particles with a narrow range of the kinetic energies, which can then be converted to electricity relatively easily with near 100% efficiency. The fact that there's minimal radiation is also a major benefit in free space as it means your reactor needs minimal shielding, greatly reducing its mass.

      I suspect that something like a Polywell fusor will end up being the reactor of choice for space applications, even if some other design beats them to the punch here on Earth - simply because it's incredibly lightweight, seems to have the best chance of scaling to p-B fusion energies, and readily allows for the extraction of kinetic energy using the existing mechanism.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  3. Maybe stop the oil subsidies? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Solar is ready to bootstrap itself. Just stop helping oil companies distort pricing signals for oil by substituting more and more of it with corn ethanol.

    1. Re: Maybe stop the oil subsidies? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Please re-read TFS.

  4. bootstrapping solar electricity system civilisatio by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I had high hopes when I read the title that this was related to solar energy...

  5. One word: by penguinoid · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Start.

    --
    Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    1. Re:One word: by catsRus · · Score: 0

      Allow me to add to your almost perfect comment. "Start" Eliminate the corruption!!! We have a solar world, pretty damn simple!

    2. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Allow me to add to your almost perfect comment.

      "Start"

      Eliminate the corruption!!!

      We have a solar world, pretty damn simple!

      What, kill any and all beings (not just humans) that would do whatever they could to get ahead?

    3. Re:One word: by kuzb · · Score: 1, Interesting

      even if we were to go 100% solar tomorrow, we wouldn't have enough energy for this world. Period. The idea that we can simply just go all solar is naive to the max. We would actually be better off going 100% nuclear.

      --
      BeauHD. Worst editor since kdawson.
    4. Re:One word: by JonathanR · · Score: 4, Funny

      I think we would be better off going 100% silver bullets. That would instantly fix everything.

    5. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Great you can build it next to your house.

    6. Re:One word: by BoogieChile · · Score: 2

      This map begs to differ, even at only 10 percent efficiency.

    7. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Solar System.... Like live amongst the rest of our solar system! lololololol

    8. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If I had the money, I would. Turns out, nuclear power generation has a rather large upfront cost that somewhat dwarfs the cost of whatever house I might want to build it in to. Given the state of the world today though, frankly, I count myself lucky to have a house as nice as I do.

    9. Re:One word: by Bob9113 · · Score: 1

      even if we were to go 100% solar tomorrow, we wouldn't have enough energy for this world. Period.

      You're way off.

    10. Re:One word: by penguinoid · · Score: 1

      To qualify my comment, this is probably the only way he has left, to actually earn that Nobel Peace Prize. Set aside a few piles of money for research, and for engineering/manufacturing, related to colonization. Inspire the public -- make space colonization the top priority even above those scary terr'ists, and above bombing the Middle East (again), even above the economy. It would be a far more popular way to spend our money than on yet another unpopular war.

      --
      Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    11. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Learn to research a topic before you make sh*t up. Period.

    12. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      eliminate enough people so we have enough energy and then go 100% solar - problem solved!

    13. Re:One word: by GNious · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Comments like your always scare me - the last thing we need is for people to think that "100% solar" (or, "100% some powersource") is in any way relevant to meeting our powerneeds.

    14. Re:One word: by aquabat · · Score: 2

      If someone would pay for it, and build it right, I would let them build it in my house.

      --
      A republic cannot succeed till it contains a certain body of men imbued with the principles of justice and honour.
    15. Re:One word: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not just Start, but Start with Mars.

      1. Get tunnel boring machine to Mars
      2. Get it a power supply
      3. Dig holes
      4. Get people to Mars to live in these holes.

      Fixed many problems at once. No need to worry about radiation on the surface. No need to worry about micrometeorites. No need to worry about building habitable space.

      After that, think bigger.

      But yes, someone has to Start somewhere.

    16. Re:One word: by Teancum · · Score: 1

      Aren't you supposed to earn awards before you receive them?

    17. Re:One word: by penguinoid · · Score: 1

      Aren't you supposed to earn awards before you receive them?

      When the Nobel Peace Prize Committee consulted with their time-traveling division, they were told: OK, this guy is going to start a bunch of wars, which will be embarrassing at first. But he'll also finally put us on a path toward space colonization, which will forever change the face of war -- not only will it change the "us vs them" dynamic, but it will also make offensive wars prohibitively costly compared to defensive. Yup, give him the prize.

      --
      Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    18. Re:One word: by Teancum · · Score: 1

      If Barack Obama was to give a Kennedy-like speech (or rather if he had at the beginning of his first term) that he wanted to commit American industry and energy into establishing a colony on Mars as well as spend some significant political capital towards the endeavor....

      I might agree with your assertion that he deserved the award.

      The sad fact of the matter is that the Obama administration has put space policy concerns as dead last unless he wants to get the vote of Florida, Texas (especially the Austin area where there is Democratic support), and perhaps Alabama, California, and Washington state due to the huge infrastructure of aerospace industries. This can be demonstrated by the fact that Charles Bolden was very nearly the last major cabinet or deputy secretary level appointment made in his administration and relegates any discussion about space policy strictly upon the chief science adviser of his administration. Even when the Democratic Party controlled the House, the chair of the space subcommittee, Gabrielle Giffords, opposed any initiative coming from the White House (in other words, she didn't fear any sort of political consequences from opposing the president even when he was of the same party).

      The only reason why commercial crew and some changes have happened at all is simply because it isn't Bush. In other words, current policy is mostly "If the Bush administration did something, we'll do the opposite".

      I get your tongue in cheek response here, and I wish it was so simple. I also wish that Obama cared about this initiative to send people to Mars or elsewhere, but in reality it is just political posturing for some pictures and then to be ignored in the end. I seriously doubt any future historian will even say that Obama did anything about space colonization at all.

  6. Step one by SlowMovingTarget · · Score: 3, Funny

    Step one: corner the maple syrup market.

    1. Re:Step one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Canadian, eh?

    2. Re:Step one by Lawrence_Bird · · Score: 2

      some one tried to steal the strategic maple syrup reserve a few years ago. probably was you

    3. Re:Step one by smallfries · · Score: 2

      If you want to make the serious money, look into frozen concentrated orange juice futures.

      --
      Slashdot: where don knuth is an idiot because he cant grasp the awesome power of php
    4. Re:Step one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      FYI - It's a reference to the sci-fi novel Live Free or Die by John Ringo, which is a great story and the first in what is so far a trilogy (though the third novel in that series has some serious plot problems and was a disappointing read.) Maple Syrup plays prominently in Live or Die Free, though I won't spoil the story by explaining how.

    5. Re:Step one by ChunderDownunder · · Score: 1

      War of 1812?

    6. Re:Step one by Thud457 · · Score: 1

      here I thought they were referencing this "real-life" event.

      Seriously, the script writers on this reality are the lowest form of hack. Demand better.

      --

      the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

    7. Re:Step one by Lawrence_Bird · · Score: 1

      Perhaps war of 2012... ref: this

    8. Re:Step one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You may laugh but the strategic maple syrup gap will rise again!!

  7. Baby steps by __aaltlg1547 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Step 1: research on the ISS focused on biosphere components and food production.
    Step 2: build a new station to experiment on establishing a small biosphere
    Step 3: Expand it to the point that it's food and air sufficient for humans
    Step 4: Build a moon base and apply what you learned in LEO to make it self-sufficient

    At the same time, work on high efficiency, low reaction mass propulsion systems. This is the real killer. If you can't crack the problem of long distance propulsion systems, we're stuck near earth where we can or make fuel.

    1. Re:Baby steps by CRCulver · · Score: 1, Interesting

      After the US has spent years and billions of dollars on e.g. biosphere research with the technology available to them at the time, the Chinese for example might just wait and see, and then outpace the US with more advanced technology available to them after the US has exhausted itself. The problem with taking the first step into a technology-heavy field, where the political will to continue investment might collapse after one or two presidential administrations, is that later entrants can coast on your achievements. So, why bother?

    2. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Um, because one way you've got a chance to engineer your process until you get it right, and the other way you're a loser? Because "has exhausted itself" is loser thinking all by itself?

    3. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How so? We've got limitless fissionable material already, and plants would put out the same energy. Fuel isn't a big part of a fission plant's budget. In terms of rockets, fission again provides the needed energy. It would have to be really light/small/cheap fusion plants to make a difference.

    4. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Plan carefully
      Embark
      Strike the earth!

    5. Re:Baby steps by Payden+K.+Pringle · · Score: 1

      Considering we've already gotten this far, in 1970, we shouldn't have much farther to go to figure out that mass propulsion problem.

    6. Re:Baby steps by JonathanR · · Score: 1

      People always overlook the need for a thermodynamic sink...

    7. Re:Baby steps by nine-times · · Score: 1

      Step 2: build a new station to experiment on establishing a small biosphere

      I think this is a problem that we need to confront first: Figuring out how to live in a sustainable closed system.

      Were people ever successful in those bio-dome experiments? Are we now able to build an enclosed biosphere that can function sustainably, indefinitely, without bringing in materials or resources from the outside once you get started? There's not much point in trying to build something like that in space until we know how to build a sustainable closed system, reliably, without fail, here on Earth. Doing it in space will be more expensive, and failures will be less forgiving. It seems to me that we don't even know how to live sustainably within the biosphere we inherited, already running, the size of the Earth.

      The key word here is "sustainability". Can we live in an enclosed system, indefinitely, without using up all of our resources or making it unlivable with our waste and pollution? It's the key to being able to conduct long-term space travel. It's the key to being able to build an off-planet colony. It's the key to continuing to live right here on this planet.

    8. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why does it need to a closed system? If we have propulsion systems that allow for reasonable travel around the solar system, all populated areas can trade with each other...

    9. Re:Baby steps by BoRegardless · · Score: 1

      Step 0: Put men & women into space for 3-5 years and see if anyone is left functionally able to continue doing work at the end of that time. It is already highly suspect that people would be able to see by the end of 3-5 years. We have one heck of a lot to learn yet.
                                          If people can't stay alive for 3 years, then figure out how to do it before you continue further.

    10. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Interesting

      Nope, it's their strategy for destroying the US. They make no bones about it; it's in many unclassified Chinese military publications.

    11. Re:Baby steps by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      It makes far more sense to skip the space station beyond simple research and head straight back to the moon. Gravity helps, rather than hinders when it comes to colonising and space has no resources to use unlike the moon. Self sufficiency research can be done quite effectively on the earth, the moon is all about achieving launches in a far lower gravity well. When it comes to radiation protection et al light weight earthmoving (moon dust) equipment can achieve much more than trying to get that mass into orbit.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    12. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Once it's combined with this

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_beta_fusion_reactor

      Then we are set. Impulse engines becomes real.

      As for thrusters, we've also got this

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket

    13. Re:Baby steps by captainpanic · · Score: 1

      Step 1 is being taken - all kinds of organisms (incl. plants) have been carried up to the ISS.
      Step 2 should - probably for safety reasons - be build as an attachment to the ISS. It should however operate independently.
      Step 3 should be part of step 2, as it is relatively straightforward to get sufficient data in advance to make it so.
      Step 4 is the big leap, but I agree that the Moon is probably the logical testing ground for it.

      When will this happen? As soon as there is another Space Race. And China is the only country that can start that.

    14. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, why bother?

      Why would anyone add a feature to the Linux kernel, Apple for example might just wait and see, and then outpace Linux with more advanced technology available to them after the Linux community has exhausted itself.

      To answer your question more directly. It's not a race, its not a competition. Anything you do to advance into space will be a step forward. Even if someone else benefits more than you from the effort you put in that doesn't mean that the effort you have put in becomes meaningless.
      The problem isn't the state of the world, the problem is the state of your mind.

    15. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      investment might collapse after one or two presidential administrations

      So when you have no long term strategy, you fail on the long term? Seems pretty fair.

    16. Re:Baby steps by Your.Master · · Score: 1

      Even with massive improvements to propulsion, you would want a near-closed-system. The Antarctica station is kind of what you're talking about, but it's a huge stretch to say we have civilization on Antarctica, and that's a situation where we have much much much better propulsive technologies relative to the distances involved. I'm going to define "

      Also, it's not entirely clear what the Martians are going to sell to the Earthlings, but they'll be a captive audience for Earth's food monopoly if they can't sustain themselves (for example). Note that it has to be worth more than the energy cost of sending that food -- no matter how good our propulsive technologies get, there's a fixed lower bound on the energy requirements to leave Earth orbit.

      I think anything short of an actual teleporter means that an interplanetary/inter...lunarary(?) civilization will need to be able to support itself as a closed system indefinitely, or at least for a matter of decades. This is assuming we don't download our consciousness to robots, or consider AI robots part of our civilization, or something bizarre like that -- in other words, it assumes that civilization means a permanent, multigenerational settlement of flesh-and-blood human beings that can live their entire lives without ever going to Earth.

    17. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      After the US has spent years and billions of dollars on e.g. biosphere research with the technology available to them at the time, the Chinese for example might just wait and see, and then outpace the US with more advanced technology available to them after the US has exhausted itself. The problem with taking the first step into a technology-heavy field, where the political will to continue investment might collapse after one or two presidential administrations, is that later entrants can coast on your achievements. So, why bother?

      Because you want it done, and you want it done your way, or else settle for being inconsequent, second rate power. Remember about the Cold War Race to the Moon? You may let the Chinese lead the way, but you will like it less then the other way around.

      If you don't take the bull by the horns, you might get gored. We don't have a planetary defense against high speed space-borne objects entering our atmosphere. Controlling potential outpost sites on celestial bodies in our Solar System is of strategic importance for national defense. That fact lies behind all this sweet talk about humanity and peace and space research. You have to lead at the front even if others get to use your findings, because control is what counts. Bluntly, eventually every side gets to have machine guns, but if you are a first to come with one and you place it on the hilltop fortification, then things look pretty much better for you.

    18. Re:Baby steps by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      Were people ever successful in those bio-dome experiments?

      Nope, and we ain't going very far until someone solves that puzzle.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    19. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      If you thermalize your fission fragments. Sure, that's what all current fission reactors do, but it's not a fundamental requirement. About 80% of a nuclear reaction's energy is in the form of fission fragments - high energy heavy ions - which can be decelerated for power without Carnot losses, without a thermodynamic sink. The key is that you can't use fuel elements with any serious thickness to them (otherwise most fragments will thermalize) - the fuel elements have to be wires, sheets, dust, things of that nature, with magnetic fields to separate the fragments from the fuel.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    20. Re:Baby steps by Mike+Frett · · Score: 1

      Carter put Solar on the roof of the White House and when Reagan was elected, he revoved them. So you do have a point.

    21. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      Let's be honest, the main sellable goods of a Martian colony would be martian minerals for the jewelry / collector industry (which would sell for many times their weight in gold... a fundamental requirement of martian exports, given the cost of return payload deliveries) and tourist trips for the few multi-billionaires obsessed with space. It's hard to envision in even the medium term much more coming from a Mars colony than that which could pay for itself. And these things wouldn't come close to paying for the cost of the colony, in any regard. I certainly don't expect to see, say, industrial minerals exports in the medium term; a "creative economy" means people which means ridiculously high upkeep costs; and the concept of martian manufacturing being competitive with Earth's is just laughable. And science is much more cheaply done with disposable robots. One could probably factory-produce a hundred Curiosity rovers and mass launch/land them in every corner of Mars for the cost of one manned mission (let alone a "colony"). One could probably launch an automated nuclear submersible-drillship into the oceans of Europa for less than the price of one manned Mars mission.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    22. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      Space has resources. They're called asteroids. Often quite valuable resources, actually - although learning to mine in microgravity will be a trial-and-error process.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    23. Re:Baby steps by Whibla · · Score: 1

      I think this is a problem that we need to confront first: Figuring out how to live in a sustainable closed system.

      Were people ever successful in those bio-dome experiments? Are we now able to build an enclosed biosphere that can function sustainably, indefinitely, without bringing in materials or resources from the outside once you get started? There's not much point in trying to build something like that in space until we know how to build a sustainable closed system, reliably, without fail, here on Earth. Doing it in space will be more expensive, and failures will be less forgiving. It seems to me that we don't even know how to live sustainably within the biosphere we inherited, already running, the size of the Earth.

      I guess you're asking, perhaps rhetorically, about the "Biosphere 2" project in Arizona. The short answer is no, not on either attempt, but some useful information was gained, which has spurred further, and rather more scientific, investigations.

      The first group in there (1991-1993), although they lasted out the full two years of the experiment, experienced several 'rule-breaking' issues including: One member had to briefly leave the facility to be taken to hospital due to chopping off the top of one of her fingers in a threshing machine; Towards the end of the experiment oxygen levels within the facility had fallen so low that extra oxygen had to be pumped in, essentially in order to stop the participants' suffering severe side effects, possibly including death; Near-starvation was also an issue for the participants, though, I confess, I'm not sure if additional food was actually shipped into the facility.

      There were a number of other issues that caused problems, but weren't strictly 'rule-breaking' in that they (probably) didn't break the closed system, such as: Fluctuating carbon dioxide levels; 'Plagues' of insect pests, notably red ants iirc; A schism within the group of participants, which ended in an almost complete breakdown in relations between the resultant two groups, to the extent that members of neither group would so much as talk to a member of the other group.

      The second attempt lasted a mere seven months, with issues ranging from internal sabotage to external legal complications lending a certain 'colour' to the proceedings.

      The facility is still in use, now under the auspices of the University of Arizona, and is being used for a variety of experiments, though much of it is no longer sealed from the outside. It does look like some actual science is being done there now, as opposed to what amounted to the public spectacle that occurred previously, so hopefully some useful insights will eventually come out of it. However, since some of the experiments currently running have an expected lifespan of 10+ years I'm not expecting immediate 'results'.

      The key word here is "sustainability". Can we live in an enclosed system, indefinitely, without using up all of our resources or making it unlivable with our waste and pollution? It's the key to being able to conduct long-term space travel. It's the key to being able to build an off-planet colony. It's the key to continuing to live right here on this planet.

      I do generally agree with you, but, I don't think we should get too hung up on the idea of an enclosed system, as that's not actually what we live in, and very unlikely to be what we end up creating. In the case of Earth, as a whole, we have an energy input, from the sun and we also have matter input, from in-falling dust.
      In the event that we do create a habitable environment off-planet then almost certainly we will continue to ship additional materials to that facility. The occupants of that facility will almost certainly gather and use materials (water, minerals, etc.) from outside their immediate sealed environment. And in the near(ish) future I can easily see us bringing in useful materials from space, such as rare metals from asteroids, water, even hydrogen from our

    24. Re:Baby steps by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

      It's about politics. With one swift cut, you can save billions and stop your predecessor from getting credit for a new moon shot.

      Obama killed off one such endeavor of Bush's.

      he ideas consist of sending autonomous robots to various locations in space to create infrastructure using local resources with advanced manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing. The new aspect is that someone in the White House is publicly discussing these concepts.

      Well, it's about time. I've been saying for years we should launch robots and what-not up to Mars and construct a functional base with food and the ability to grow more, and only then launch humans up there.

      This "giant moonshot" standard plan is idiotic and prone to failure.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    25. Re:Baby steps by __aaltlg1547 · · Score: 1

      The moon has problems for supporting an ecosystem. Those 354 hour nights are a bitch. That's why an orbital research lab is necessary first.

    26. Re:Baby steps by nine-times · · Score: 1

      I do generally agree with you, but, I don't think we should get too hung up on the idea of an enclosed system, as that's not actually what we live in

      Yeah, that's fair, but it's a system without a lot of input or output, and the input is mostly sunlight. For example, I'd have no problem with the idea of an artificial biosphere having solar power. Still, my point is that we can't seem to make a successful almost-closed system here on earth, so why would we attempt doing it on the moon first, where the stakes will be so much higher?

      My memory of the sorts of problems they faced were-- yes, some kind of insect infestation. Also, they made parts of the building out of concrete that they only later realized was either absorbing oxygen or putting out CO2. Part of my point here is, you wouldn't want to drag a bunch of people to the moon and then have that problem there. Let's get our shit together first.

      And people tend to focus on things like, "can we renew the oxygen and food sources?" But then there are problems like, "What do we do when all the solar panels break or degrade? Do we have the facilities to recycle them? Can we gather the materials needed to build more?" Shipping more to the moon might not be too bad. But if we want to talk about having a sustainable colony on Mars or eventually interstellar travel, we would need to consider that kind of thing.

    27. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And the posts you're responding to seem to forget that energy won't get you propulsion unless you have mass to expel, which will probably be depleted before the fusion or fission power runs out.

    28. Re:Baby steps by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      It's actually harder to do a lot of that on the ISS than it is on a planet, where you have natural resources at your disposal. A key part of settling anywhere will be figuring out how to exploit those resources, so maybe the next Mars rover should focus on mining and refining raw materials.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    29. Re:Baby steps by Whibla · · Score: 1

      My memory of the sorts of problems they faced were ... they made parts of the building out of concrete that they only later realized was either absorbing oxygen or putting out CO2.

      As I understand it, the soil they started with had a fairly high organic matter content, compost basically, and this was broken down by microbial activity, absorbing oxygen, and releasing carbon dioxide. This CO2 was then, mostly, absorbed by the concrete in the structure's base, which was, at the time, an overlooked variable in the design of the enclosure, making the O2 reduction somewhat of a mystery. Like I said above, valuable information was gained from the 'experiment', even if what was learned was not what was originally intended as the object of study.

      Part of my point here is, you wouldn't want to drag a bunch of people to the moon and then have that problem there. Let's get our shit together first.

      Once more I tend to agree with you, but with reservations. We'll never reach a stage of certainty that nothing will go wrong. To paraphrase, it's difficult to make things foolproof, because fools are so ingenious. There will always be an element of risk in any venture of this kind. At some point however someone has to say "We think we've thought of almost everything, and we think we've over-engineered the system and structure for everything we haven't thought of. Let's do this!"

      I just want to emphasise, I do think we're essentially in agreement. To put it 'poetically', if you're going to sail the seas for the first time, then it is the "Cs" that you need to focus on: Consideration, Caution & Care.

    30. Re:Baby steps by Thud457 · · Score: 1

      You overlooked the worst catastrophe of the Biodome experiments - Pauly Shore escaped.

      --

      the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

    31. Re:Baby steps by nine-times · · Score: 1

      We'll never reach a stage of certainty that nothing will go wrong. To paraphrase, it's difficult to make things foolproof, because fools are so ingenious.

      Yes, I agree with you. There's always risk. However, when it comes to going into space, the whole process is dangerous and expensive enough when we've done everything we can to control the risks. Like you said, I think we mostly agree. I'm just arguing that we should work on the problem of sustainability first, keeping in mind the eventual aim of using that knowledge and technology for space travel and colonization. We shouldn't try to employ those techniques in space before we have good reason to think that we can be successful.

      So, for example, the whole bio-dome thing failed the two times that we've tried it, but as you point out, we learned things. Let's try it some more! Let's continue to learn from that until we have a solid grasp on the requirements for building a sustainable biosphere.

    32. Re:Baby steps by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      Step 1: research on the ISS focused on biosphere components and food production.

      Those aren't baby steps - your step 1 is no lower than about step 5 in any rational plan. We don't even know how to build a biosphere _on the ground_. Baby steps start with the basics, not three quarters of the way up the curve in the most expensive place to perform research.
       

      At the same time, work on high efficiency, low reaction mass propulsion systems.

      We already have those. The problem is, they absolutely suck because high efficiency and low reaction mass means absurdly low thrust. (F=MA after all.) Absent new physics, that's not going to change and such drives are going to be useless for manned expansion.

    33. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      The problem is that robot are far less flexible and adaptable than humans, and that is unlikely to change any time soon. We've had several rovers on Mars for years, and altogether they've accomplished about as much as one human with a science kit could have done in a couple weeks. It will be no more difficult to put humans on Mars than robots, and they will be able to accomplish far more, far faster. Robotic earth moving equipment, etc will no doubt be a wonderful complement, but we just don't have the robotic expertise to handle the detail work.

      Will people end up dying in the early days? Absolutely. Frontiers are dangerous places. Care to guess how many Europeans died colonizing the America's, even ignoring native resistance? Sure, you could sit back and let your robots creep through the rough work until the frontier is sufficiently tamed that the risk profile is within your liking, but why? There's plenty of people willing to accept the elevated risk profiles who will jump at the chance to tame a new frontier. They're cheaper and far more versatile than robots, and clearly we don't actually value human life that much or we'd be spending a lot more resources trying to stop mass starvation and genocide here on Earth.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    34. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      I was under the impression that most of the energy tended to be released as high-energy neutrons and gamma radiation, but assuming you're correct, that still assumes a completely new reactor design unlike anything that's been done so far, one in which chain reactions will be impossible. We're probably closer to viable fusion.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    35. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Two words: ion drive. Thrust depends on momentum, not mass, and with enough power you can impart orders of magnitude more momentum to your exhaust than any chemical or even nuclear reaction can manage, allowing you to use orders of magnitude less propellant to get the same thrust.

      Sure, current drives are pitifully weak, but we've got some under development that they expect to be more than powerful enough for orbital launches. Bring a space-worthy nuclear reactor to the table so you could actually power the things and I'll bet you development gets seriously fast-tracked.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    36. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      So long as we're dependent on chemical rocketry we shouldn't have any problem making fuel on the Moon, Mars, or anywhere else we can find water. Hydrogen peroxide is after all a pretty impressive (if dangerous) monopropellant , and if you've got carbon available (and you pretty much always do) then you can synthesize more stable fuels as well.

      Then there's ion drives - we have some pretty impressive designs on the lab bench, add a space-worthy nuclear reactor to actually power the things and we're not that far from being able to zip around the solar system.

      And of course there's the old standby of the fission rocket. As I recall we've actually tested a couple designs at small scale and they appear viable - they're just *really* not something you want to use on a planet unless you're intending it as an ecological weapon, which was in fact one of the proposed uses. And we don't currently have enough demand for high-thrust non-planetary rockets to justify developing the technology further

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    37. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      So build on the peaks of eternal light - there's only a few on the moon, but they experience no night at all.

      Also, other than solar power, what do you need sunlight for? Your habitat is artificially lit and heated anyway, and you probably won't be spending a whole lot of time outside. And if you're trying to build a colony you probably want serious power available - existing transportable nuclear reactors give you about the same bang per kg as solar, and don't require deploying square kilometers worth of easily damaged solar panels before you can start wielding high-energy tools.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    38. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Yes they were - Biosphere 2's initial experiment did run into some serious challenges, but they were solved with cleverness and hard work, and the project managed it's 2-year mission as a closed system. And there's no reason a space colony would need to operate as a closed system initially.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    39. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      They ran into a lot of problems, yes. But they also managed to mostly solve them while remaining a closed system. I would call that a pretty big success.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    40. Re:Baby steps by benjfowler · · Score: 1

      Insightful. Wish I had mod points. Dumping all that waste heat is nontrivial at best.

    41. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      What you propose doesn't exist, and is probably beyond the ability to create functionally with today's technology. What does exist is millions of humans capable of learning basic environmental safety for operations on Mars and construction skills to get a base started now so we can move ahead now instead of when some apex of robotics produces your described nirvana.

    42. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      Another problem I've noticed is that those closed systems seem to expect people to be entertained by absolutely nothing. Can't we send some computer games with colonists? movies? etc...

    43. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      But you're not being honest. Your proposal makes assumptions that the robots will make/react/design decisions with the breadth of our intellect. If this existed we would already be using it to control the solar system. Your technology doesn't exist, is unlikely to be created, and more complex than anything even approaching anything needed to establish a Martian or space-based station with current technology. Also, Curiosity could be replaced by one human being costing immeasurably less than today or future robotic construction. There's absolutely no example of your proposal in working format, or even engineering-level designs.

    44. Re:Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Limitless uranium? How so? It is a very, very rare element.

    45. Re:Baby steps by penguinoid · · Score: 1

      How do you know their strategy isn't "Convince the US to give up research so they won't be 'losers'. Then we can finally get ahead of them."? After all, why else declassify that strategy given its not complete?

      --
      Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    46. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      I am correct, look it up if you don't believe me. The energy is primarily in the form of fission fragments. And no, chain reactions work exactly the same, the neutronicity doesn't vary. You're confusing fission fragments and neutrons.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    47. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      Oh please, be serious. It's humans running the robots who make the decisions. The only benefit a human on Mars has is latency. But that's a really silly benefit, given that there's no urgency to get the data and just travel there takes months and the limiting factor on how much data you'll collect overall is how long your scientific equipment lasts. And no, an astronaut on Mars isn't going to be repairing a broken mass spectrometer or the like, it's a silly concept. And it'd, as noted, be orders of magnitude cheaper just to send a second robot.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    48. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Like I said, I'll take your word for it, it's not an unreasonable claim (though I wouldn't mind a reference, google's not being helpful).

      But in order to avoid thermalizing your fission fragments the reaction is going to need to be in near-vacuum - and that means the vast majority of the neutrons will hit the walls of your reaction vessel rather than another fissile molecules - density is critically (heh) important in sustaining chain reactions. You could try making the walls out of fissile fuel, but that would still thermalize at least half your fragments, even if you could somehow ensure that the neutrons reacted with only the topmost layer.

      Now if you could build a neutron mirror to reflect most of those those neutrons back into the reaction chamber you'd be golden - but our best neutron mirrors can only get total reflectance at angles of incidence of less than a single degree - it would be incredibly challenging, if not impossible, to design a geometry that would reflect a large portion of the neutrons back into the reaction chamber.

      You could still perhaps design a reactor using an artificial neutron beam to trigger fission, but it would no longer be chain reaction based. And that's not necessarily a bad thing - without chain reactions a meltdown is impossible.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    49. Re:Baby steps by khallow · · Score: 1

      Wouldn't that research have to be valuable first in order for the strategy to even have meaning? Look at the ISS. $100 billion burned so that we can do the same research that an oh, $5 billion MIR-class station could do. Further, the research isn't worth stealing even if it weren't all open in the first place.

    50. Re:Baby steps by khallow · · Score: 1

      One could probably factory-produce a hundred Curiosity rovers and mass launch/land them in every corner of Mars for the cost of one manned mission

      I'd say more like ten or so Curiosity rovers. Those things aren't that cheap and manned missions aren't that expensive.

    51. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      Only plausibly because you're vastly underrating the engineering for robotics implementation will require. Sending 100,000 humans would be easier than creating this all-purpose robot you seem to be describing. Robots are not anywhere near the competency you've described as necessary.

    52. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      Ref. It took 30 seconds. Please don't ask other people to use Google for you, you're (presumedly) an adult and should be able to manage these sort of things on your own.

      But in order to avoid thermalizing your fission fragments the reaction is going to need to be in near-vacuum

      The reaction is done in a near vacuum. But that doesn't mean that there's almost no fuel. Fission fragments and neutrons behave totally differently, fission fragments are positively charged and respect Lorenz force, neutrons are neutral and do not, so it's easy to separate the two (as well as from the fuel, which becomes negatively charged and is not moving at relativistic velocities).

      These things have been fully simulated, there's nothing unreasonable about them.

      but our best neutron mirrors can only get total reflectance at angles of incidence of less than a single degree

      I have no clue where this is coming from. Neutron reflectors (more properly thought of as scatterers) can scatter back, and in fact moderators produce a relatively anisotropic thermal neutron flux. The current proposal for a dusty fission fragment reactor involves U235 fuel and a moderator in the shell of the reactor.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    53. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      What "all purpose robot"? A robot or person's capabilities are limited by what scientific equipment they have on hand, not by whether they can digest corn or catch a cold. I'm talking about a robot like Curiosity. A person could mass-manufacture and dispatch a hundred Curiosity rovers to every corner of Mars for the cost of one manned mission and would collect dozens of times more data.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    54. Re:Baby steps by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Thanks, though the snarkiness is uncalled for - I thought I made it pretty clear that I had in fact searched for the information (several times in fact) and come up empty handed. The problem with Google is that sometimes you need to ask just the right question or the useful information gets buried in a torrent of the irrelevant, and it's sometimes far easier to compose the right question if you're already familiar with the topic and can invoke the proper terminology.

      Oh, absolutely, I do not contest the ease of separating the fission fragments from the fuel, or of extracting energy from high-speed charged particles. My point is simply that, unless I'm badly misunderstanding the design, to avoid thermalization your fuel will have to be a low-density gas/plasma rather than a solid, so that the fragments are free to move without a substantial percentage of them colliding with fuel molecules and losing their kinetic energy. But that also means that when an atom fissions and spits off a bunch of neutrons, the odds of there being another atom of fuel sitting directly in the path of that neutron are extremely low. Much less the odds of there being many atoms in it's path so that it has a decent chance of interacting with one rather than passing right through it as usually happens. It would also seem to be virtually impossible to incorporate neutron moderators into such a design, without which the average neutron will have to pass through far, far more nuclei before reacting.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    55. Re:Baby steps by Winkkin · · Score: 1

      I'm with you till step 4. We should never crawl back down another gravity well in an effort to create a sustainable living environment in this solar system.

    56. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      This is our fundamental difference. You are willing to collect data and die. I'd like to live on another planet. Any speculation on your method that crosses over to my goals is improbable. Curiosity was valuable as a landing test. Anything else is just frosting.

    57. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      Also, I can't believe you aren't throwing out some hyperbole on those stats. A one-way manned mission to Mars would cost considerably less than 100 Curiosity rovers. At $1.8 billion per package and a total of $2.5 billion per launch, that's nominally $108 billion to $250 billion for your methodology at the level of Curiosity. Making robots that can do "anything" at the end of a wire would probably be considerably more. Sends some humans and make a colony. Much cheaper.

    58. Re:Baby steps by currently_awake · · Score: 1

      We don't need general purpose robots for exploration. We send a mapper robot, then design a robot to explore that environment, then design robots to explore that- it may take decades but that doesn't matter. The only advantage of a human explorer is time.

    59. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      Remember that time advantage next time you like getting anything accomplished in your own life. I'll sit back and see how well you experience the type of latency you're describing. The other advantage is that people actually on Mars can live and diversify the species. Preventing extinction seems like a fairly strong advantage.

    60. Re:Baby steps by Rei · · Score: 1

      Wrong. I said mass manufacture - you don't have to re-engineer curiosity from scratch and hand-build it every time. And if you can pay to build a super-heavy-lift vehicle, or tons of smaller (but still very large) launches to get your ~100 tonne manned Mars round trip spacecraft into orbit, then you can launch a 100x 889kg curiosity rovers.

      You literally can launch about 100 mass-manufactured curiosity-sized rovers for the cost of one manned mission. The scientific bang for your buck is way, way, way higher with robots.

      And FYI, if your goal is to be able to help people "live on another planet", then you absolutely should not be supporting wasting money on a trip to Mars on today's way overpriced launch systems. You should be supporting spending it on developing novel systems for orders-of-magnitude reduction of launch prices, be they scramjets, launch loops, coilguns, metastable fuels, nuclear thermal propulsion, or in general insert-your-favorite-potential-cost-reducer-here, so that it doesn't cost an impractical amount of money to send people there. (never mind that we're not even centuries away from being able to recreate a full self-sustainable tech tree on Mars.. see earlier in the thread)

      I always find it funny to hear people the same alt-space fanboys complaining vitriolically about how maintaining ISS is a huge waste of money but then insisting that we set up a manned outpost that would cost orders of magnitude more to maintain ;)

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    61. Re:Baby steps by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      Wrong. I said mass manufacture - you don't have to re-engineer curiosity from scratch and hand-build it every time. And if you can pay to build a super-heavy-lift vehicle, or tons of smaller (but still very large) launches to get your ~100 tonne manned Mars round trip spacecraft into orbit, then you can launch a 100x 889kg curiosity rovers.

      You literally can launch about 100 mass-manufactured curiosity-sized rovers for the cost of one manned mission. The scientific bang for your buck is way, way, way higher with robots.

      My experience with these robotic projects points me in a different direction. They're fundamentally over-budget and no where near ready for mass-production. The support systems developed on the west coast took forever to test correctly, too. I'll admit that a different focus (like yours) could change that, but history hasn't shown that with products like this. However, private companies are definitely making a better push for launch systems.

      And FYI, if your goal is to be able to help people "live on another planet", then you absolutely should not be supporting wasting money on a trip to Mars on today's way overpriced launch systems. You should be supporting spending it on developing novel systems for orders-of-magnitude reduction of launch prices, be they scramjets, launch loops, coilguns, metastable fuels, nuclear thermal propulsion, or in general insert-your-favorite-potential-cost-reducer-here, so that it doesn't cost an impractical amount of money to send people there. (never mind that we're not even centuries away from being able to recreate a full self-sustainable tech tree on Mars.. see earlier in the thread)

      I never indicated anything different on improvements in launch schemes. I certainly support better launch systems. I more back one-way systems that deliver people on site. We probably will never find middle ground on that but there are just too many variables that require a human decision-maker on site to accomplish by my estimation. If delivery wasn't an issue (work with me!) the best solution in my mind is getting an invested populace into the "new country" and supporting an economy. Robots cannot do that on any reasonable schedule that doesn't last lifetimes.

      I always find it funny to hear people the same alt-space fanboys complaining vitriolically about how maintaining ISS is a huge waste of money but then insisting that we set up a manned outpost that would cost orders of magnitude more to maintain ;)

      My only complaint for the ISS is that it was rather underwhelming. We've plenty of money to give the NFL billions in tax breaks but true investment in the science of our species' survival (in the ISS) doesn't even get pennies in comparison.

  8. Replace rockets with something reasonable. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's all I have to say about that.

    1. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's all I have to say about that.

      Umm, yeah. Easy.

      How about you provide a working example?

    2. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by khallow · · Score: 1

      Rockets are reasonable in themselves. I don't know why there's this obsession to improve propulsion when that's not the biggest obstacle. The economics of doing stuff in space are. Sure, nuclear propulsion would be nice and useful, but it's not essential.

    3. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by peragrin · · Score: 2

      it isn't just rockets in space that is the problem. when you need 20 pounds of fuel to carry every pound of material to orbit you have a design limitation that needs to be changed.

      We need better earth to orbit tech. once we have that the rest becomes much much easier. The ISS took 36 separate launches and we basically have a 10,000 sqft house.

      Solve SSTO and watch as we can suddenly start launching more stuff up there.

      --
      i thought once I was found, but it was only a dream.
    4. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by khallow · · Score: 1

      it isn't just rockets in space that is the problem. when you need 20 pounds of fuel to carry every pound of material to orbit you have a design limitation that needs to be changed.

      What is the design limitation that needs to be changed? If you need 20 parts propellant to 1 part payload, then just use the 20 parts of propellant. It's not particularly costly.

    5. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We already had a SSTO it was called the Saturn V. I don't see what's the point of launching more stuff "up there" as it's an empty hell with nothing in it.

      Why won't Cosmism die already?

    6. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by AJWM · · Score: 2

      We already had a SSTO it was called the Saturn V.

      Uh, no. You're confusing HLLV (heavy lift launch vehicle) with SSTO (single stage to orbit). Saturn V dropped two stages on the way to orbit.

      The original Atlas was the closest we've come to an actual flying SSTO, it only dropped the two outboard engines, the tankage and sustainer engine made it the rest of the way.

      Now, as a thought experiment you could take the Saturn V second stage and replace its five J2 engines with a Shuttle SSME (and move a bulkhead to allow for the different LH2/LOX burn ratio) and it would make orbit as a single stage. Ditto with the Shuttle External Tank and six SSMEs. But none of those would have reentry and landing capability, and if it's not reusable there's not much point to SSTO.

      As for not seeing the point, it must be sad to live in a mind with such limited imagination. My condolences.

      --
      -- Alastair
    7. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by cbhacking · · Score: 2

      The propellant, by itself, is not costly.
      The rocket big enough to launch a meaningful mass of payload when only 5% of what it carries actually makes it into orbit is absurdly, exorbitantly expensive.

      Launching tiny payloads isn't that hard. It still costs a lot, per unit mass, but the absolute costs are affordable.

      Launching small payloads (a few tons) is pretty bad, price-wise. You may be able to combine your launch with a few others on a medium-sized launch vehicle, but it's still not something that can be done lightly.

      Launching medium payloads (a few dozen tons) is basically the state of the art. Actually, nothing flying today can loft even two dozen metric tons, and the best launch vehicles under construction right now can only manage a few times more than that. Even these barely-into-double-digit-payload-tonnage launches are expensive enough that a company can do well making a few such launches a year, while undercutting all their competition and plowing a ton of money into R&D. Governments and large corporations are pretty much the only clients.

      Launching large payloads of over a hundred tons hasn't been possible since the Saturn V stack lofted an entire mobile-home-sized space station into orbit. We have nothing that could manage this today, or even on the near horizon; we might have such a thing within two decades.

      Launching something huge - for example, anything even close to the size of the ISS, much less anything bigger - will require either an extraordinary breakthrough in rocketry or a completely new launch system.

      The biggest human-built object in space right now is the size of a large house, and sleeps six. It took dozens of launches over more than a decade to get it this far, at a cost exceeding the GDP of many nations. It has almost no propulsive capability and is not self-sufficient over long periods. If we ever want to put something much bigger and better in space - even just as a series of small-to-medium launches, like it was - we are going to need to bring the cost to orbit *WAY* down.

      Now, in fairness, SpaceX has a pretty good angle on that. As you say, the propellant isn't terribly costly. If we can avoid throwing away the entire rocket with each launch, that will have an enormous effect on the cost of getting stuff to space. With that said, though, we'll still be stuck with a max payload to orbit barely in the triple digits until we come up with a better way to reach orbit than relying on chemical rockets.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    8. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      Most things can be broken down into sub-100 tonne parts. The problem is not the launch, at least once we stop throwing away our rockets, it's the cost of on-orbit operations. That requires a change in how we work. Ending the standing armies on the ground to support every spanner-turn in space.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    9. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by khallow · · Score: 1

      Launching something huge - for example, anything even close to the size of the ISS, much less anything bigger - will require either an extraordinary breakthrough in rocketry or a completely new launch system.

      No, it doesn't. The ISS wasn't launched or assembled that way and any other large space station isn't going to be launched in one piece either. Existing rockets can easily launch something like the ISS, piece by piece.

      And the price of putting something in orbit has already dropped a considerable amount. Shuttle was crazy expensive, I gather something like $20k per kg for an optimal payload. Falcon 9 is something like $3k per kg.

      Further, chemical rockets make a great technological stepping stone to other launch technologies. First, they can create and prove a market for fancier infrastructure. You don't have to do the "build it and they will come" assumption, hoping that your space elevator or whatever will have enough business to justify its existence when there's a thriving rocket market to point to.

      They also can be used to launch the initial infrastructure you may need for other approaches or launch stuff that increases demand for more launch infrastructure.

    10. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by Rei · · Score: 2

      Presently working or theoretical? If you want "presently working", then that would defeat the point of asking for suggestions, would it not? If you want theoretical, there's tons. I kind of like the Launch Loop concept - sort of like a space elevator except that it doesn't require unobtanium, avoids or reduces the countless other problems with space elevators (micrometeorite damage, oscillation modes, power transfer, lightning and ionospheric discharge, and about 50 other things), and it gives you much more ideal/customizable orbital momentum, plus is 1-2 orders of magnitude more energy efficient at lifting cargo (space elevator climbers have to rely on beamed power, there's no practical way to send it through the cable, and beamed power over great distances where one receiver is only a few square meters at best is very low efficiency) AND offers a far higher launch rate.

      Earth-based space elevators, the stuff of sci-fi nerd dreams, really are an awful solution when you start looking at the details. There's far better solutions out there.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    11. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by Rei · · Score: 1

      The shuttle wasn't thrown away, nor were the boosters - only the (rather simple) ET. How did that work out, price-wise?

      It's simply not fair to pretend that launch costs are a minor issue. They are the limiting factor, and progress in reducing costs has been lethargic over the past decades. "in orbit operations" are expensive precisely because launch costs are so high. Bargain basement, pay-out-the-nose-for-insurance launch rates are $4-5k a kilogram. More typical Russian rates are about $6-7k, while typical US and European rates run about $10k. And that's for large payloads, for small payloads expect in the (very) rough ballpark of $20k. How do you expect to live affordably in space if launch costs are even within an order of magnitude of that?

      That's not to say that rockets fundamentally can't provide cheap access to space. But today's rockets certainly can't.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    12. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      The space shuttle was a 100+ ton space-plane launched on a Saturn V class launcher. Built without any real precursors, from 1970s technology. Every aspect of it pushed the technology beyond the state-of-the-art. No part of it was built to reduce operating costs. The original proposal sold to Nixon may have been to develop a low cost "space truck", but that was never part of the actual program development goals.

      OTOH, Falcon 9 was intended solely to be cheap. And is already the cheapest launcher on the market as an expendable. Even partial reusability (first stage) is expected to lower launch costs significantly. Musk claims that launch operations costs are a small part of his launch costs, and even that will probably drop once his team controls their own site and range.

      This gets back to moving away from the "standing army" model of spaceflight operations.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    13. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by F34nor · · Score: 1

      Does it really beat SeaLaunch? I can find no hard numbers.

    14. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by F34nor · · Score: 1

      We cannot make a Saturn V right now if the world depended on it. Also the Saturn V used basically 1 planetary output of energy at the time to get out of the gravity well. There are much better options.

    15. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by Immerman · · Score: 1

      The shuttle also wasn't a launch vehicle so much as a general purpose "do everything and none of it well" space platform. It was also the payload, not the rocket. The rockets that got it into orbit were thrown away, the only part reused were essentially orbital maneuvering thrusters - the ones burning that one pound of propellant that cost twenty pounds to get into orbit.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    16. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by cbhacking · · Score: 1

      Some of the things that would be really great to launch - say, a "Project Orion"-style nuclear pulse rocket (NPR) - aren't feasible without a tremendous mass. NPRs can actually accelerate faster the more massive they are, because they can take the impacts better.

      Putting 1000 tonnes in orbit - which would be a *small* NPR - would take about as many launches to build as the ISS did... if we can use the Flacon Heavy for each one. That's ignoring the cost and risk of assembling it in space (and the cost is high, because that means you need to get the equipment and people into orbit too, plus the infrastructure they require). The pusher plate of an NPR is, by itself, probably going to be too heavy for a Falcon Heavy, so it will need to be constructed in space... which would basically mean an entire orbital foundry!

      Some things just don't break down into little pieces in an economical fashion.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    17. Re:Replace rockets with something reasonable. by khallow · · Score: 1

      Some things just don't break down into little pieces in an economical fashion.

      Then I guess we better focus in the near term on things that can be launched in small pieces. I'm not going to support, say, a 200 ton to orbit launch vehicle just because someone can think of peculiar payloads that a 20 ton vehicle can't launch. Capability != utility. We still have yet to have a reason for putting that 1000 ton NPR in orbit.

      And I'll note that one can get decent performance out of a variety of competitive propulsion/powerplant combinations which can be broken down into small pieces.

      Finally, if we are going to launch large unwieldy structures into space from Solar System bodies, then the Moon is a better place to do so, both because delta v is much smaller, but also because there is no atmosphere and hence, a much weaker restriction on fairing size (it just needs to be able to withstanding the acceleration of launch without damage). A near Earth asteroid might even be a better choice, especially if it can be moved to Earth orbit first.

  9. How about... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    we figure out how to have a terrestrial civilization first? Doesn't really seem to be working.

    1. Re:How about... by arth1 · · Score: 1, Troll

      No kidding. First manage one presidential term without killing anyone in other countries, and then consider diverting resources to lofty goals.

      And why waste money on even collecting ideas? It's not like the republicans are going allow a massive NASA budget increase anyhow, unless it's weaponized.

    2. Re:How about... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Indeed. I doubt however that with leaders like the human race tends to chose that this is a realistic goal.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    3. Re: How about... by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 1

      the US is already indebted to the tune of $700,000 per person - colonizing the solar system isn't even a pipe dream at this point.

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    4. Re:How about... by Lotana · · Score: 1

      What you propose is impossible. We sill never have a perfect terrestrial civilization.

      However, overall when you average out all the global situations, things have never been this good. Where do you draw the line before you say "Good enough. Lets set our goals higher"?

    5. Re:How about... by tlambert · · Score: 1

      We get *this* planet civilized first...?

      I think we'd happily ship you off to Somalia or Iraq to help with that...

    6. Re:How about... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >And why waste money on even collecting ideas?

      It's a simple political stunt. A chewy but thoroughly disposable treat to garner favor. Does anyone really think the President was sitting in the Oval Office one day, heels up on the desk that has the red button built into it, deep in contemplation, and then suddenly sprang into action, called all his cabinet members in and shouted, "Fuck Mars! The Indians can have it! We're going to colonize the whole goddamn SOLAR SYSTEM!!!... ...and we're going to crowdsource just how to do it via a publicly available website. That's sure to be a better way to plan a thing like this than specifically finding the people most expert in their relevant fields to our goals!"

      tl;dr - this has everything to do with having the average voter go "Ooh, that sounds cool, I'll vote for that guy" and nothing at all to do with actually colonizing the solar system. Sadly.

    7. Re:How about... by Will.Woodhull · · Score: 4, Funny

      Republicans.

      Tell them the space program is an effort to protect the one percent from ebola, and to get away from all them do-gooder, pesky Democrats. And all them immigrants. That would shake the money tree.

      --
      Will
    8. Re:How about... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you know how to achieve true civilisation and global peace for $18b/yr, you can reasonably ask to divert NASA's $18b/yr budget to that goal. Until then, fuck off.

      Cellphones have done more to uplift the developing world in the last decade than all the navel-gazing hippy "why can't we all get along" angst has done in the last century.

    9. Re:How about... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How about making them balance on each other's shoulders? We could then climb up the republicans to get to space ;-)

    10. Re: How about... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      You're off by an order of magnitude there - US debt is currently approaching $18 trillion, or about $56k per person.
      http://www.usdebtclock.org/

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    11. Re:How about... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      How about we first focus on the dangerous rouge states with large confirmed nuclear arsenals and the better part of a century of history of stirring up trouble all over the world. I'm speaking of the US of course.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    12. Re:How about... by tlambert · · Score: 1

      How about we first focus on the dangerous rouge states with large confirmed nuclear arsenals and the better part of a century of history of stirring up trouble all over the world. I'm speaking of the US of course.

      If by "stirring up trouble", you mean "not allowing Arab countries who deny the right of Israel to exist as a nation-state to destroy Israel without giving Israel aid", how about we don't, and they instead just agree to quit shooting at Israel, and Israel agrees to quit shooting back?

    13. Re:How about... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      I'd go back even further - while it was the UK rather than the US that initiated the action we certainly backed them up when we carved out a chunk of choice territory in the middle of a bunch of recently defeated Arab countries and gave it to the Israelis, who already had a long history of bad blood with their new (and very old) neighbors. A pretty transparent strategy for establish a foothold in the region through a group who would be virtually guaranteed to need our ongoing military support indefinitely. Or how we continue to support them despite the fact that they have been aggressively expanding almost since day one, in direct violation of every treaty they've ever establish with their neighbors.

      Or perhaps the many governments around the world that the CIA has had hand in toppling in order to install others more receptive to our interests. Hell, even Saddam Hussein was our man - we toppled the previous democratic government when it looked like they were going to ally with the Russians, and supplied him with much of the training and chemical weapons he used against his populace. We had no problem with his atrocities him until he decided to go independent and stopped jumping whenever we asked.

      But at least where global opinion is concerned, it's been our most recent actions in response to (and since) the 9/11 attacks. Fifteen Saudi Arabians, along with one Egyption, one Lebanese, and two men from the United Arab Emirates flew some hijacked planes into some buildings, and we used the event as an excuse to invade Iraq, a nation completely uninvolved in the attacks. And our actions just spiraled downhill from their - you could scarcely have planned a better response to throw the Middle East into turmoil. And everywhere our military goes our corporations just happen to spring up right behind them, siphoning wealth out of the region as fast as possible while we make little more than symbolic attempts to stabilize the region or secure the infrastructure necessary to the health and security of the populace we claimed to be liberating.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  10. Sheesh. Five cases of Ebola and by jpellino · · Score: 3, Funny

    they start asking how to get off the planet? Lightweights.

    --
    "Win treats sysadmins better than users. Mac treats users better than sysadmins. Linux treats everyone like sysadmins."
  11. Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If we crack this fusion problem, which it looks like we might do in short order, the propulsion problem goes out the window. We become a Type 1 civilization.

  12. Dear White House by Eyezen · · Score: 1
  13. Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by BenJeremy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Fund NASA to explore the advantages (and mitigate issues, such as waste heat) of using fusion in space vehicles. Let's get new designs in play now, so we can get the ball rolling fast when these compact generators are practical and real. Ion thrusters, magnetic fields, life support... having hundreds of megawatts of power makes the entire solar system within reach for manned space travel.

    1. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      NASA sucks at this. They move too slowly. You need a company who develops and turns around stuff in three weeks, like these guys. Incidentally, they operate the largest constellation of anyone--and don't use rad hard parts or all this other stuff. They do on a shoestring in a month what NASA does for billions in 20 years.

    2. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Spy+Handler · · Score: 1

      We don't have to wait 10 years for Lockheed to make the fusion reactor work. Fission rockets are plenty powerful, enough to rule the solar system.

      Plus there's always the chance that Lockheed fusion turns out to be a dead end and we're left with nothing.

      Behold, the gaseous core nuclear thermal rocket, Liberty ship

      3,060 ISP
      1,000 ton payload to LEO

      But since it's eeevil nuclear power (and fission at that), it will never get built in the US. But hopefully in the future China or some other country not under the thumb of enviro-liberals will step up and build it.

    3. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Teresita · · Score: 1

      I know Mr. Fusion is in all the news lately, Lockheed-Martin skunkworks, etc, but then again, every now and then some Tesla nut says he can plug appliances directly into the ground. How about we get a working prototype before we start selling timeshares on Titan.

    4. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by arth1 · · Score: 2

      They do on a shoestring in a month what NASA does for billions in 20 years.

      ... using NASA designs as the foundation.
      If they had to research everything from scratch, they would go nowhere. It wasn't a public company that sent up the first space vessel, nor the first satellite, nor the first manned spacecraft, nor the first satellite, nor the first interplanetary vessel, nor the first manned trip to another world, nor.... Catch my drift?

      Private enterprises are good at cashing in money on other people's work. But they seldom push the envelope or break boundaries.

    5. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by able1234au · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Those wimpy environ-liberals are so weak they fear being irradiated by exploding rockets. Where is the fun in that. I look forward to having three eyes and a tail.

    6. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except that they're doing first-hand research on their own, doing things NASA can't afford to do, because NASA has to use absurdly expensive parts and can't put up a satellite in a month.

    7. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      ... using NASA designs as the foundation.

      I've never understood this argument. By definition, you are saying that everything that is available to these private players was already available to NASA and its primary contractors.

      So why is that a justification for minimising the achievements of the new guys? "Yeah, we could have done that. We didn't, but we totally could have." No, no you couldn't. You had decades to do it, your whole job was to do it, you had billions in funding to do it, your primary contractors are orders of magnitude larger than the new players, and yet you didn't do it.

      Worse. Even after the new guys did it, you still aren't doing it.

      For example, Boeing is getting a multi-billion dollar USAF contract to develop a new large methane engine. They got the contract because of their "decades of experience". Aaaand... they are sub-contracting the actual work to Blue Origin, a dot-com billionaire's tiny little hobby-project which has spent the last decade actually building new rocket engines. But hey, it's the new guys who are leaching off the old players. Sure.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    8. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Rei · · Score: 2

      Great! Now you just need to invent an actually functional confinement method for the absurdly-hot gaseous/plasma nuclear fuel to stop it from destroying its containment vessel or leaking out its fuel in short order. And while you're at it, you should probably go ahead and invent a way to stop the quartz / fused silica bulb from undergoing blackening when exposed to a neutron flux, something it's so prone to doing that people deliberately expose quartz to nuclear reactors to make opaque black quartz for jewelry. And of course, a way to start the whole thing, a process that's been so problematic that they've been investigating bombardment by sizeable amounts of bloody antimatter as a potential solution.

      Easy as pie, surely! Riiight around the corner.

      What isotope are you thinking of as fuel? Unicorn-235?

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    9. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You had decades to do it, your whole job was to do it, you had billions in funding to do it

      Yeah, no. NASA had funds and mandates from congress to do specific things. Spending on projects <strikeout>without pork barrel value</strikeout> I mean outside the budget constraints would be illegal, no matter how big the budget.

    10. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Easily solved - all they need to do is drop the first A from their name and congress will be so afraid of blackmail that they'll let them get away with anything, no matter how illegal.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    11. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Immerman · · Score: 1

      In addition to the other comments - that only solves the propulsion problem. You also need large quantities of *energy* if you want to build and operate habitats in space - colonization doesn't mean bringing everything with you. And unless you're on a ball of rock huge enough to sink twice as much heat as you get power anything that relies on a thermal engine to generate power is useless, traditional fission reactors included. That leaves solar, which is only viable in the inner system (even the asteroid belt only gets 25% of Earth's insolation), p-B fusion, and inertial fission - a reactor style that, so far as I know, nobody has even attempted to design.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    12. Re:Begin planning use of Lockheed's fusion power by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But since it's eeevil nuclear power (and fission at that), it will never get built in the US. But hopefully in the future China or some other country not under the thumb of enviro-liberals will step up and build it.

      The Space Shuttle had a catastrophic failure every 67.5 launches. One can assume the first nuclear rockets will be of comparable complexity and reliability.

      Imagine if the typical car violently exploded after about a month of typical use (~70 trips). Now tell me, with a straight face, that such a car is "safe".

  14. For real? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We haven't had boots on the moon since I was a toddler. Make a permanent moon colony. There isn't even a robotic presence on the moon. Seems like it's the perfect place for telescopes.

    1. Re:For real? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Insightful

      Why? You haven't had a frogman living on the ocean floor either. So what? Some dreams never made any sense, and the whole kit and caboodle of Cosmism never made any sense. The sooner you'll get rid of this toxic nostalgia for goofy ideas that make no sense, the better.

    2. Re:For real? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      So long as we only live on Earth we're only one good asteroid impact or unstable bioweapon away from extinction. We know the first happens on a fairly regular basis, and do you really want to bet against the latter?

      Plus space is incredibly resource rich - we've got mountains of nickel-steel just floating in space, contaminated with valuable things like gold, silver, platinum, and transuranics. So long as we've got a capitalistic economy space colonization will pay for itself, it's only the initial investment that's problematic.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  15. Robots by Jack9 · · Score: 1, Interesting

    This is almost the same as asking how we are going to transition to a galactic civilization. From the mile-high-view, quit trying to put humans in places where they have trouble surviving for any period of time. You have to port an ecosystem with you and can still lose it all in a single incident. We haven't even conquered our own biome yet (at least not without a number of side effects). Spaceships with humans is not the answer. Everyone born on Earth will likely die on Earth (with rare exception). This isn't wrong or worrisome insofar as there are no good alternatives yet. System wide or interstellar, it's the same problems at different scales. Ain't nobody helping you halfway between neptune and pluto, nor between the stars.

    Durable energy storages that are as simple to fabricate as possible, should be at the top of the list for expansion into the solar system. We basically know what materials are available and what energy sources we can play with. We have long-range communication down to the best case for overriding automation, but our computer science doesn't have a lot of science behind software reliability. One result has been that our automata aren't too bright yet. Let's keep working on understanding the mind while bumping up the work on machine learning. Work on genetics for the far-future possibility of launching biological samples interstellar distances (naturally we will test them in our own solar system first, if we get the chance).

    --

    Often wrong but never in doubt.
    I am Jack9.
    Everyone knows me.
    1. Re:Robots by Immerman · · Score: 1

      System-sterilizing gamma-ray bursts aside, you can only destroy one biome at a time, and our planet's biome has been destroyed repeatedly. Yes, going to space is unlikely to ever be a viable mass-emigration option, but thats not the point. The America's were never a viable mass-emigration option for Europe either. The idea is to bring back valuable resources and diversify extinction risk. If you can get a self-supporting colony of even a few thousand people thriving on Mars then the survival of the human species is no longer one asteroid impact or unstable bioweapon away from extinction.

      Durable energy storage? Why? We appear to be on the cusp of unlocking fusion, after which batteries will only be useful for small mobile applications where reactors can't be scaled down small enough. Hell, if the eCat isn't a fraud you'll be able to carry around your own personal nuclear reactor in a backpack. And nuclear fuel packs about 10 million times the energy density of any rechargeable battery: you can carry a century's worth of power in the mass of 10 seconds worth of battery.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    2. Re:Robots by Jack9 · · Score: 1

      I'm not trying to be overly negative here as you have a number of viewpoints that I agree with, but I don't agree with some particulars. Please take this all with a scifi heaping of salt.

      > you can only destroy one biome at a time

      Terraforming (badly) as we will at the start, I think it's well within the realm of possibility that humanity will be able to wreck a few at a time.

      > We appear to be on the cusp of unlocking fusion,

      A lot of your views stem from energy availability whereas I come from an energy scarcity standpoint. Even with pocket reactors, the human population will grow to consume a limiting resource (like fissile material), wasting most of the output trying to figure out how to best exploit it. Imagine the ignored terrors of a world without energy constraints (forget global warming, how about global heating of the planet from waste heat!, thx Niven). I just don't believe in virtually costless energy generation. That being said, I would like to see the Loch Ness Monster if it turned out to be a reality.

      > Durable energy storage? Why?

      Primarily to power the robots/terraformers of the future as they traverse the vastness of space. Even fusion energy is going to run out or flat out eat through containment in interstellar marathon, so you'll need something to wake up after a long hibernation with a small nuclear jump start. It's the only workable strategy I would even consider, for a 5k year journey and THEN it needs to do real work that will cost...more energy (simple to fabricate clause was to ensure the robot will be more likely to self-repair or multiply). Collectors will continue to get better, but only marginally so it's about material science and efficiency. Even if we populate the solar system with robotic helpers, we'll generally want them to exhibit the same behavior rather than have a random one take a meteorite and irradiate lifeboats or projects under construction, etc. Smaller is better for nuclear, imo.

      Those are my thoughts, for what they are worth. Also, fuck Beta

      --

      Often wrong but never in doubt.
      I am Jack9.
      Everyone knows me.
    3. Re:Robots by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Terraforming: there's really only two candidate biomes: Mars and Venus. And the challenges would be so different that there's unlikely to be any systematic flaws that would affect both. And either would likely take millenia before they could support anything more sophisticated than bacteria. In the interim all other biomes will be contained habitats and, aside from maybe an explosively catastrophic clock-related software bug or diabolically intentional extermination attempt, nothing will be able to hit them all at once, and as soon as one goes the remainder can guard against a repeat.

      Energy: I don't see any evidence that it's energy limiting population growth: discounting immigration virtually every developed nation in the world is displaying negative population growth - the only populations still growing are those in the most impoverished areas without affordable access to birth control and/or sufficient health care to reliably see their children to adulthood. And a few religious holdouts who object to birth control, but they're diminishing rapidly since the Pope adopted a hands-off attitude. The limit is not available energy, but the opportunity cost of having additional children.

      Spiraling per-capita energy consumption could be an issue, but we'd need to be consuming millions of times more energy in order to match what's currently being captured by our CO2 emissions. I'm content to leave that problem to be addressed by our distant descendants.

      Interstellar energy storage: You have two options: the ship is running the whole time, in which case you need lots of energy and nuclear is the only option - nothing else can get anywhere near the energy densities, except maybe some sort of insane electron bottle, antimatter reactor, or other system which willrequire active containment. And there's no reason to assume your reactor would "eat through containment" - aneutronic fusion can theoretically generate power with negligible radiation of any kind, and at any rate if your ship is capable of operating for thousands of years there's no reason to assume you didn't engineer your reactor to a similar level of reliability.

      More likely you let the entire ship cool to near absolute zero (ambient interstellar temperatures), and just need a way to jump-start your nuclear reactor at the other end. And assuming your ship, robots, corpsicles, reactor, etc,etc,etc can survive inert for thousands of years, why would you assume solar panels and capacitors would not?

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    4. Re:Robots by Jack9 · · Score: 1

      > we'd need to be consuming millions of times more energy in order to match what's currently being captured by our CO2 emissions

      With backpack reactors, we'd have that. Our CO2 production would dwindle (fossil fuels are so 2015) and now everyone has a personal energy generator AND one in their car and their house, maybe one for the garage, etc.

      > Energy: I don't see any evidence that it's energy limiting population growth:

      Energy is always the limiting factor in a population. For most creatures, this is in the form of limited food sources, but for humanity it's about distribution, expressed by socioeconomics. I believe the population decline is combination of things. As modern humans have a rising standard of living (thanks to better information dissemination and distribution methods), they are increasingly reluctant to split resources with offspring, as it's a competitive disadvantage and the educated humans recognize it (children at half the fun or my high end lifestyle at 100% fun like those people I see on TV). The humans that are multiplying the fastest are generally not far above the poverty level and those beneath are pragmatically unable to afford it. So I totally agree on the basic premise. It's possible that humanity has had a unique response that mirrors the "beautiful ones" of the John Calhoun's utopian mouse experiments leading to this sub-replacement fertility effect. For the most part, we're capable of keeping our standard of living above barbaric levels, so some people just preen themselves in their niche. These are just casual beliefs from a white male, of course.

      Back to energy theorycrafting....if I could generate useful energy (potential to kinetic) at will, I can move any resource anywhere. Price of milk and fuel would dwindle to nothing. It would wreck all types of havoc, economically. I can ignore friction and timescales by laterally scaling production, limited by the ability to automate with...power. Water in death valley, no problem? Let's just pump a river over there from our thousands of desalinization plants that we can setup with pocket generators. Waste production would require Mr Fusion style solutions.

      > And assuming your ship, robots, corpsicles, reactor, etc,etc,etc can survive inert for thousands of years, why would you assume solar panels and capacitors would not?

      Poor corpsicles. Currently, our energy storages are quite fragile, that I know about. At high velocity, almost any dust from say, a long dead rogue planetoid or comet, would shred most terrestrial materials in transit. I guess wrapping it all up in a tungsten steel alloy ball or rock (like an asteroid) wold work if we could get it to open after being frozen solid and semi-thawed in a couple thousand years, but your (whatever)engine that started up the transit will probably be non-functional. This is why I mentioned the nebulous "Durable" energy storages. You'll have to have the ship float around a start for awhile to store up enough for a landing routine or have an internal generator. Maybe a trick using fissionable material that brings 2 chemicals together after a 5k year halflife would suffice for restart. As long as the rest of the internals were properly shielded and I don't know how feasible that is as it would take a LOT of energy to move an asteroid at any reasonable velocity. I've never heard of aneutronic fusion so I'll have to look into that. It may change my thinking.

      I may be wrong on a number of assumptions, but limitations are what I imagine based on my experiences. I'm no space geek, but I do watch a lot of TV and remember a time before the first space shuttle.

      --

      Often wrong but never in doubt.
      I am Jack9.
      Everyone knows me.
  16. Hey by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Have we learned nothing from Bio-dome!?!?

    1. Re:Hey by fibonacci8 · · Score: 1

      "Buddy" is punctuation?

      --
      Inheritance is the sincerest form of nepotism.
  17. You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by bobbied · · Score: 4, Interesting

    You want to encourage exploration/exploitation of space? Fund NASA and point them in the desired direction..

    Fully fund a manned mission to Mars and set a 10 year goal. Dig up a pile of past interplanetary missions and let's start funding them too. Saturn and Jupiter all have possibilities that we need to go look at. How about making a survey of near earth asteroids? What are they made of, is there something there we can use, refine or utilize so we don't have to get it all off the surface of the earth and into orbit? NASA has already suggested all these things and more.

    Why are you asking the public for ideas, just FUND NASA and let NASA collect ideas and run with the good ones. All they need is the money....

    --
    "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
  18. Can't help but wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How much easier things would be if so many people who could in theory be working towards this goal weren't declining to do so because of questions about whether or not they want to be responsible for exporting humanity to the broader universe. Given our proclivities towards shockingly and appallingly bad behavior, base stupidity, greed, callousness, and the list goes on and on, it's ARROGANCE that any of us think that any of us is worth not only suffering the survival of, but indeed worth the effort of facilitating the spread of humanity beyond the gravitational confines of our crib and playpen.

    The White House thinks we're ready to talk about colonizing other worlds? We can't even take care of this one! We can't even manage to care for each other! Sorry to be so pessimistic, but I read the news. On the upside, any aliens we might happen to bump into will be shaped by the same basic forces that shaped us, so when they learn how barberous and stupid humanity is, they'll likely totally understand and think, "sure, we can understand why you're that way... we were like that ourselves, and in many ways, still are."

    1. Re:Can't help but wonder... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      In fairness, managing controlled habitats will likely teach us a great deal about how to manage things here on Earth - experimenting on the biosphere supporting the entire human species is generally considered poor risk management.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  19. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Teresita · · Score: 1

    When budgets grow at NASA or any other bureaucracy, the admin overhead bloats faster than a new iteration of Windows. It's when budgets decline that folks get creative and make spectacular new ways to soft-land something on Mars, for example. So just vote no for socialized space boondoggles.

  20. I've got the problem solved. by Stoutlimb · · Score: 1

    Seriously, I broke the code, it works. There are a lot of problems integrating modern robotics into useful wholes. Adapting John Von Neumann's work in the 1950's to what we've learned since with Information Science, I have made some theoretical breakthroughs in automation, some as fundamental as adoptiong the use of 1's and 0's was to computing science. The result is an organic whole, enabling self replication to spread across networks of machines, using simple, off the shelf parts and local materials for cheap. It's not just a bootstrap for solar system development, it's a bootstrap for a post-scarcity society.

    I'm finishing writing my book and building my prototypes. I have very meagre resources, gladly this system is designed to be cheap. Once my book is complete I plan on realeasing this to the world. Even the first prototypes should be wildly profitable for a very large variety of companies, so I plan on selling DIY kits. I am looking for partners and funding. If you're reading this, Elon Musk, let me know. :-)

    1. Re:I've got the problem solved. by khallow · · Score: 1

      Drop a link and maybe we can help you out right now. I don't think you have post-scarcity realized, sorry, but if you have interesting gear or literature, I might be up for a purchase.

    2. Re:I've got the problem solved. by Stoutlimb · · Score: 1

      I wish I could, but I've made the commitment not to share until my literature is done. I also don't have anything saleable, as my prototype, modest that it is, is not finished. The only thing that would help me speed up right now is an angel investor, as I'm totally cash strapped. My current stretch goal is to save up for a 3D printer, as I found that there are some features that macguyvering from my local hardware store just won't do. Yes I'm that poor! LOL (Disclaimer: While very useful, my work has very little to do with 3D printing. This is not yet another Reprap project, or even close.)

      As for litereture, I can share some concepts. Economical and useful self replicating technology has been theoretically possible since at least the 1970's. There is no magic technology other than computers and mechanics that is needed. The problem isn't even much of a cash problem, as any decent R&D budget could probably achieve degrees of self-replication. The main problem is conceptual and architectural, nobody has a clue what the blueprints or paradigm should be. On this basis I totally understand your skepticism to my claims, as extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. I assure you that my design and prototype is very humble. What isn't humble is that I've identified the design criteria and broken it up into a huge array of small, profitable steps. Since this is an excercise in designing a planned economy where every worker is a robot, the very basic fundamentals can be very small, much like the rules for cellular automata are exceedingly simple.

      I'm really excited about this, and I could talk forever. I guess it won't hurt to share some general nuggets. I will share one theoretical fact I've identified so far, the Profitability Principle of Self Replicating Machines. It's the simple and obvious idea that any useful machine with self-replicating properties is going to be astronomically profitable. This is a principle with plenty of historical examples, and I believe it will predict future economic developments. Every degree of development towards self replicating machines sees a concurrent degree in usefulness, and therefore, profit. Such degrees of self-replication in the past have been things such as the invention of electric motors, electronics, and even most of the industrial and computer revolutions can be described in terms of individual properties of self-replicationg machines being developed. Today, almost every profitable development in terms of automation and computer control can be included in this, if such development is something a self-replicating machine would find useful.

      Turning this principle on it's head gives an aware developer a useful objective metric in developing new technology. According to the Profitability Principle, the more Degrees of Self Replication (features that bring a machine or system closer to self-replication) that an invention has, the more profitable it will be. This principle has been blindly guiding a great deal of economic technical development since the steam age. For designers who explicitly and knowlegably apply the details and nuances of the Profitability Principle to their work, this feature growth can be vastly accelerated, along with the feed back loop of profit.

      I'm not here to solve the world's problems with a wonder machine, that's nonsense. But I do belive I understand the theory, architecture and design philosopy that will bring an economy to that ultimate goal in small, profitable steps. Anyone who knows the way can save themselves a lot of headaches in failed developments. My book goes into the details of how the Profitability Principle works in development circles, plus my prototype is one of the first meager yet very useful steps with self-replication explicitly in mind.

      So far I'm plodding away at my own speed and shoestring budget. I can't wait for the day I hit my milestones, then I'll share it with the world. It's very exciting and I want to talk about it more, but I promised myself I would

    3. Re:I've got the problem solved. by Stoutlimb · · Score: 1

      I almost forgot, a link! LOL If anyone wants to contact me, my email is spatialautomation at the usual Google domain.

    4. Re:I've got the problem solved. by Immerman · · Score: 1

      On the off-chance that you're not just blowing hot air and at least have an interesting hobby project going - you are aware that you can ship your component designs away to be manufactured on 3D printers far more capable than anything you could afford, right? Plastic, epoxy, ceramic, sintered titanium, take your pick. Unless you're planning to make a LOT of components, or you're afraid some trade secret will be exposed prematurely, it just doesn't make sense to own your own printer. And if you're making something capable of self-replication you only need to manufacture the components for the first one, right?

      Also, please do us all a favor and make sure that even your prototype self-replicating hardware is dependent on a non-self-replicating control system. Nobody wants a grey-goo scenario, no matter what scale the robots.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    5. Re:I've got the problem solved. by Stoutlimb · · Score: 1

      Definitely it's a fun hobby for now. I discussed it with someone who has a PhD in robotics, and she suggested the best course of action is to submit a prototype to a robotics conference, so that is the direction I am working towards, along with acompanying documents on theory. I considered 3D services, and decided against them for convenience sake, and I've also always wanted a 3D printer of my own anyways. I'm dirt poor, so I'm working on writing and 3D modelling at the moment in lieu of working on the physical model. I'm not sure how many parts I'll need, but I expect a lot of design revisions.

      As for the grey goo scenario, I'm not worried at all. I've divided self-replication into fine grained degrees, and the first prototype only has a few, but is designed for easy addition of degrees of autonomy, which is why the design is so exciting. While in theory the great grand-children of this technology would have the capability to pave over the earth, the intrinsic interface with human operators I think would preclude that. That being said, I could also forsee novel forms of abuse of that technology. Even still, this is a type of system that is susceptible to destruction by primates with hammers, so unless it learns to defend itself by dispensing banannas, I don't have much concern.

  21. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    NASA is terrible. They take too long to do anything, and are stuck in the mindset that everything needs to be rad-hardened and this and that. Fact is, these guys are eating their lunch for developing interesting stuff in space.

  22. not really a radically new idea by jafac · · Score: 1

    If you consider the concept floated (briefly) in the movie: Aliens, the company simply dropped a large atmospheric processing installation on the planet (LV 426, at that time) and began the terraforming process. That's not substantially different than "sending autonomous robots to various locations in space to create infrastructure using local resources with advanced manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing"

    --

    These are my friends, See how they glisten. See this one shine, how he smiles in the light.
    1. Re:not really a radically new idea by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Well, except that you're only making an atmosphere. There's a world of difference between ecosystem engineering and manufacturing technological goods.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  23. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by AdamThor · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Indeed! The actual key in our current generation is to provide consistent direction and funding to NASA. As it is, every president comes in, makes some big talk about the Moon or Mars or something, no resources are allocated, and the next president in line makes a different set of commitments.

    A framework for a large-scale goal that is capable of withstanding our political situation is the thing we lack.

    --
    -- "Oh. This guy again."
  24. A 'SimCity' CAD design game by MonsterMasher · · Score: 1

    A 'SimCity' CAD design game (for reg, underground, undersea & space complete living-working spaces.)
    What a great opportunity.

    Let's take the creative power I've seen in youtube game video such as minecraft and simcity and put that to work.

    A simcity type CAD system which allows underground, undersea, and space components with realistic resource needs accessible to other computer analysis.

    One the program is designed well, include an interface which would allow others to implement neuro-evolutionary or other weirdly cool PhD computer design research and shit.

    An entire education system could be designed around such a tool. Tangents of 'water' resources, as well as most standard scientific concepts. A well designed system would introduce a simplified versions to younger children.

    So next will be getting that stuff into space, and for that you build a 'orbital canon' .. space stations, etc. (Will need to work on high-G equipment launch technology, but will need lower G launch vehicles designed and build by NASA or private contractors.

    Let's let that be the start. Let me know if you would like more.

    Thanks for asking.

    1. Re:A 'SimCity' CAD design game by Rei · · Score: 1

      Hmm... I'm not sure what you're thinking about doing with CAD, but a Sim that handles real inorganic (and potentially simple organic) chemistry and materials properties could be incredible for enabling the crowd-sourcing of simplifying the tech chains of refining and production, which on earth are just ridiculously long and totally impractical to just migrate to Mars. The users would be given a realistic distribution of raw Martian minerals, and would have to feed the 3d printers / molders / CNC machines / lithography / robotic assembly that makes products. These products would include a (long) fixed set of needs to keep colonists alive and comfortable, as well as spare parts for your refining / mining equipment and the manufacturing hardware's equipment. Users could then try to produce as much of a colony's needs as possible with as little imported hardware as possible.

      Simulating wear and corrosion on the refining, transport, and mining hardware would be a must. I think requiring the users to design the full details of the 3d printing and other manufacturing hardware would be overkill, but they should be able to choose what materials different "major parts" for them are made out of and what they want to supply as raw materials, which would affect wear / corrosion rates / efficiency / etc. Game consultants should include a wide range of people with real-world experience in different industries to make sure it's realistic, and the game should be launched with a variety of real-world pieces of Earth mining and refining hardware so that new players have something to start out with and tweak (albeit starting out heavily reliant on imports from Earth). As each person designs a new piece of hardware and tries it out, it should be saved to a global database, along with a history of what it's been taking in (raw materials, parts, etc) and producing as an outputs. Others could then search through the global database for equipment that does a function that they need to incorporate into their hardware.

      The game could run in a MMO mode or single-user sandbox mode. In MMO mode there would be multiple users each with their own mine, refining center, manufacturing center, or whatever they want to build) on Mars, while in single-user mode a user would have their own whole planet to play with on their own. Once they get a production line running they can dispatch transport to carry materials or goods to where they're needed, there can be mishaps along the way, etc - all of the elements of your typical enjoyable Sim game - except with real-world chemistry and mechanical properties underlying key aspects. The victory condition would be total manufacturing indepence from Earth. The loss condition would be overstraining Earth's ability to supply you, leading to shortages and colonist deaths.

      I think something like that could, if well designed, be both potentially fun for users and useful for engineers designing real-world infrastructure.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
  25. Re:Sheesh. Five cases of Ebola and by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 1

    Yes, but by the time anyone reads your post, that number will be up to six cases.

    And by the time anyone reads this post, that number will be up to seven cases.

    So if the White House is building a rocket in Area 57 to take mine shaft gap folks into outer space, to, um, "re-spawn" civilization . . . maybe they know something about Ebola that we don't . . . ?

    --
    Schroedinger's Brexit: The UK is both in and out of the EU at the same time!
  26. Get real by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 1

    Unless you have a few trillion dollar coins stashed away somewhere that'll fund thousands upon thousands of chemical rockets, it's just not possible to do this. The only hope we have of actually getting to a place like Mars, or even the Moon, on a large scale (even with sufficient economic incentive to be there) would be new physics or a wild breakthrough in engineering, at least 30dB more than a re-usable SpaceX rocket would be. There's no guarantee that the former is even possible, and there is a guarantee that the latter won't happen without lots of deep thinking and hard work that needs an economic incentive to be worth-while, because it'll be very expensive and involve lots and lots of failure along the way. You can't force it, and you can't afford it, even if you confiscate everyone's possessions and tax everyone's income at 100%.

    1. Re:Get real by Livius · · Score: 1

      Unless you have a few trillion dollar coins stashed away somewhere that'll fund thousands upon thousands of chemical rockets

      Maybe they're looking for a cover story for "thousands upon thousands of chemical rockets" that they're planning to build anyway.

    2. Re:Get real by Connie_Lingus · · Score: 2

      Unless you have a few trillion dollar coins stashed away somewhere that'll fund thousands upon thousands of chemical rockets, it's just not possible to do this

      this is, of course, 100% true.

      but, in light of this administrations total incompetence on so many issues, i think the plan is just...

      "hey, dream whatever ideas, we will get funding and then make announcements and speeches about how smart we are, and it doesn't even matter if they ideas succeed or not, we will just say they did!

      it's our intentions that count, not results."

      --
      never bring a twinkie to a food fight.
    3. Re:Get real by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's all that "plan" is no matter who's in charge. Dreams are cheap.

    4. Re:Get real by khallow · · Score: 2

      You do realize that a thousand Falcon 9 flights would fall well short of 100 billion dollars at current prices? That would be enough launch capability to get a modest number of people or gear to Mars and about an order of magnitude more to the Moon. Most of that mass would be propellant, water, and air/food, meaning little additional cost beyond the launch costs for significant parts of the missions.

      What will enable exploration and development on a modest budget scale is use of local resources or (ISRU - In Situ Resource Utilization). For example, once the local infrastructure is in place to extract propellant, you don't need to bring your own return trip propellant.

    5. Re:Get real by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 1

      In my most optimistic guestimates, 1000 falcon first stage launches would probably cost about 5-10 billion, assuming they're recoverable half the time and last half a dozen flights each. But even when not counting the cost of the second and earth departure stages, that only puts a few hundred to at most a thousand-plus kg of payload on the moon per flight. You need way more than that to have ISRU equipment *and the in-place industrial capacity to maintain it*. Hell, a CNC mill can run 1000kg. And you need a few of those, some lathes, saws, drill presses, air handlers, compressors, water handlers, etc. Do yourself a favor and walk through a machine shop attached to a college lab or a chemical plant or something and do a mass budget before you start declaring stuff feasible with current tech for reasonable cost.

    6. Re:Get real by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because it totally doesn't have anything to do with the terrorist loving Republicans wanting to give corporations more blood money. You are a moron.

    7. Re:Get real by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      that only puts a few hundred to at most a thousand-plus kg of payload on the moon per flight.

      You're doing it wrong. With reusable launchers you want to split your payloads into cargo and fuel, launched separately. Most products have a U or J shaped reliability curve. Higher failure rate at the beginning, picking up manufacturing defects, then lower failure rate until end-of-life effects start to accumulate. Because fuel is cheap, you put that on the brand new, untested reusable launchers, and on the end-of-life launchers and fly them until they die. Because cargo is generally not cheap, you use the in-between launchers, at their peak reliability.

      You put your cargo and TLI-engines into LEO on the most reliable launchers using the payload full capacity of your launcher, then you add fuel tanks and associated plumbing on the less reliable launchers, finally you launch bulk propellant on the lowest reliability launchers. Then you launch these large payloads from LEO. You lose some Oberth efficiencies, but you gain in using your launcher's maximum lifespan, and being able to launch larger individual payloads (in the 10-12 tonne range for F9, 50 tonne range for FH, and 250 tonne range for the Raptor-based MCT.)

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    8. Re:Get real by khallow · · Score: 1

      You need way more than that to have ISRU equipment *and the in-place industrial capacity to maintain it*.

      Sure. That's why you use ISRU so that the Moon's resources provides most of that mass.

      Do yourself a favor and walk through a machine shop attached to a college lab or a chemical plant or something and do a mass budget before you start declaring stuff feasible with current tech for reasonable cost.

      I already have. All those machines can be scaled down. You could probably put a full spread of basic machine shop tools (forge, lathe, mill, press, 3D printer, etc) up there for tens of kilograms. You can then on the Moon build larger versions to do real world machine shop stuff. It's not fast like dumping hundreds of tons of stuff on the Moon, but it gets around the need for lots of mass from Earth.

    9. Re:Get real by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Actually IIRC the moon is roughly halfway to Mars, energetically speaking. Nonlinear fuel requirements for chemical rockets will boost that difference some, but you'll be hard pressed to hit even a one order of magnitude difference.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    10. Re:Get real by khallow · · Score: 1

      Well, I recall the price of reaching the Moon about ten years ago was considered to be $100k per kg and Mars was ten times that much. I was basing my estimate off that recollection.

    11. Re:Get real by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 1

      Interesting, but I tend to remain skeptical. If you're talking about sending up a Bridgeport that you're going to use to make a 5 axis 20ft^3 workspace CNC, I believe you. If you're talking about sending up a dwarf-sized little mill (I can't think of any at the moment, but there's a Taiwanese company that makes table-top mills for about 1k a pop) to build a Bridgeport to build a..., there I just don't believe you can make it work without contorting yourself through a lot of hoops and picking up a lot of extra overhead that makes it more sensible to send up the full-sized Bridgeport instead. But like I said, interesting. If you've got a link to a writeup, I'll read it.

    12. Re:Get real by khallow · · Score: 1

      Here's the thing. What is valuable to you? Dumping lots of mass to the Moon? Or spending a few years extra? Operations (the cost of monitoring and planning an ongoing mission) tends to be rather cheap compared to R&D or the cost of deployment right now. The Moon in particular can host near real time teleoperations meaning that even if labor on the Moon is extraordinarily expense (or even non-existent), any such expedition can tap labor from Earth at vastly lower cost.

      Further, there's probably a happy intermediate state where particularly difficult to manufacture, but very low mass stuff like ICs or components made under extreme conditions (like small high temp parts or exotic materials) can be shipped from Earth while most of the mass can be constructed on the Moon.

      And it's worth noting here that there are already plans for making a basic machine shop from scratch. One needs to be able to construct a furnace and have access to sufficient metal. You can construct human operated machining tools from a lot less starting technology than what I'm proposing.

  27. Hey, idiots by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How about having a civilization right here where all the people and things are?

    1. Re:Hey, idiots by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      where all the people and things are?

      That's the problem. You can't experiment where people live, or where there are things you care about.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
  28. Re:Sheesh. Five cases of Ebola and by sumdumass · · Score: 1

    I was thinking the same thing. Does this mean we are screwed>?

  29. if they actually cared, i might too by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    there is no real interest in making this happen. unless they can get serious funding ($100B or so) from the anti-science brigade called Congress to invest in actually carrying out such a mission, they are just wasting our time with banter.

    fuck Congress and fuck your military centric budget.

  30. Robots First, then Humans? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    " send autonomous robots to various locations in space to create infrastructure using local resources with advanced manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing"

    So we send robots to terraform and prepare a new habitat for humans.
    Eventually, after many years, the robots send us a message that says "Everything is ready. We are waiting to meet you all for dinner."

    Anyone see a problem with this?

    1. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by tlambert · · Score: 1

      " send autonomous robots to various locations in space to create infrastructure using local resources with advanced manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing"

      So we send robots to terraform and prepare a new habitat for humans.
      Eventually, after many years, the robots send us a message that says "Everything is ready. We are waiting to meet you all for dinner."

      Anyone see a problem with this?

      Hey, if it was good enough for Columbus and the European powers in their colonization of America and Australia, "send robots first" is surely good enough for our colonization efforts for the moon and Mars...

    2. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by Zordak · · Score: 1

      " send autonomous robots to various locations in space to create infrastructure using local resources with advanced manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing"

      So we send robots to terraform and prepare a new habitat for humans. Eventually, after many years, the robots send us a message that says "Everything is ready. We are waiting to meet you all for dinner."

      Anyone see a problem with this?

      Hey, if it was good enough for Columbus and the European powers in their colonization of America and Australia, "send robots first" is surely good enough for our colonization efforts for the moon and Mars...

      There's a big difference between Columbus and space exploration. Columbus was going to a place with air, water, and life. It was already self-sustaining. Space is a much harsher mistress than the West Indies.

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    3. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by tlambert · · Score: 1

      Hey, if it was good enough for Columbus and the European powers in their colonization of America and Australia, "send robots first" is surely good enough for our colonization efforts for the moon and Mars...

      There's a big difference between Columbus and space exploration. Columbus was going to a place with air, water, and life. It was already self-sustaining. Space is a much harsher mistress than the West Indies.

      Are you sure there's going to be air, water, and life, after you sail off the edge of the world?

      It turns out he *ended up* in a place with air, water, and life, but it's not true that there was a guarantee that that's where he was headed when he left port. When he got there, he actually assumed (incorrectly) that he'd gotten to a different place with air, water, and life than he actually ended up going to.

      The point is that there was a risk of losing all three ships and their entire crews.

      Throwing a colony onto the moon is much less of a problem than, say Mars, but given that people are willing to go to Mars, even knowing ahead of time that it's a one way trip, and that they'll get (at most) six months science out of it before they die there, should tell you something: your obsession with safety, and NASAs obsession with safety, is not shared by everyone.

      If you want to send robots, fine: by all means, pay for it yourself. Or if you're so good at robotics, throw up a couple dozen robot factories in Detroit where land is pretty damn cheap, do a bunch of product manufacturing, and have the robots pay their own way. If you want to send people, and make it permanent, however, I'm happy to chip in on it.

    4. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      the robots send us a message that says "Everything is ready. We are waiting to meet you all for dinner."

      Ummm...

      Anyone see a problem with this?

      ...yeah...

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    5. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      In a way they did. They sent expendable seamen and some Italian loudmouth on a few small off-the-shelf commercial ships. Only when the destination was proven did they risk their more valuable people on more valuable ships.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    6. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Agreed

    7. Re:Robots First, then Humans? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Entertaining myths aside, by the time Columbus set sail time it educated Europeans had known that the world was round for centuries, they had even known how big it was to within a few percent. It's actually a rather simple thing to measure for anyone with a decent grasp of geometry.

      Columbus's gamble was just that the Indies would be faster to reach by going west than east. As it happens he grossly overestimated the width of Eurasia (measuring longitude directly was almost impossible at the time, so mostly had to be estimated from travel times), and his estimates put the east coast roughly where he encountered the Americas. He was never risking sailing off the edge of the world, though perhaps some of his less educated sailors feared it, he was only risking discovering that Asia was considerably further away that he had estimated and couldn't actually be cost-effectively reached by crossing the open ocean. And mutiny I suppose.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  31. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by arth1 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    NASA is terrible. They take too long to do anything,

    Yet, they actually do something.
    Once companies takes pictures of Neptune or puts a man on the moon, I'll be suitably impressed.
    Until then, they're leeches riding on NASAs skirt, playing around in LEO using NASA-derived designs, and not pushing any boundaries except executive bonuses.

  32. I wish I could believe he was serious. by HiThere · · Score: 1, Interesting

    I wish I could believe he was serious.

    What else is there to say. When I've been lied to enough I stop believing. Sometimes cynical is just realistic.

    --

    I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    1. Re:I wish I could believe he was serious. by Bite+The+Pillow · · Score: 1

      If I really wanted to do something the world generally thought of as ridiculous, I would try to get something moving under a lame duck term. It's not like he can accomplish anything major, but setting things in motion.

      Unfortunately, it's easier to post "It's a distraction from X" than it is to come up with a few reasonably sane ideas based on all of the science fiction ever.

      What little we have learned in our lifetimes, we should be able to put to use correcting the errors in what we have read.

    2. Re:I wish I could believe he was serious. by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Agreed, but I probably wouldn't wait until halfway through that term to even start talking about it.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  33. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Spy+Handler · · Score: 0

    I'm sorry but NASA is a bloated bureaucracy. Just throwing money at it and letting it do whatever it wants would be a horrible idea.

    However NASA did pretty good recently with the fixed-price contracts to private companies (SpaceX) for specific targets. We need more of these. Kill the cost plus defense industry contracts, kill the SLS and everyone connected with that clusterfuck, completely neuter Congress so that indivdual congresscritters looking for pork barrel have no influence on any project whatsoever.

  34. How about... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We get *this* planet civilized first...?

  35. what the actual f by kuzb · · Score: 0

    Why would I want the US to have ANYTHING to do with managing the solar system? They can't even properly manage their own pocket of earth.

    --
    BeauHD. Worst editor since kdawson.
  36. Great Idea! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    To explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before. And fuck them up, too.

    1. Re:Great Idea! by Teresita · · Score: 1

      I am offended by your use of "no man". You should say "no one" like Picard, or risk losing the entire female demographic.

    2. Re:Great Idea! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which opening narration did Janeway recite to keep the female demographic?

    3. Re:Great Idea! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're right, I apologize. Next, time I use this quote, "currently relevant sentient being" will be substituted for the anachronistic and mysonogistic "man". There are various hairy and aquatic sentient beings who should also be included.

  37. Step one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't let any form of rabid American crony capitalism near it!

  38. How about capitalism and freedom by gewalker · · Score: 1

    Current laws make it difficult to justify capitalism when it is known that the results of your efforts may be disallowed. Add the total uncertainty of tax treatment and you have 2 strikes. Add regulatory uncertainty 3 strikes. Hope may spring eternal, but big money investors would like a reasonable chance of return.

    Tax dollars could fund prizes, research etc. but governments incentives are frequently little more than politically motivated distractions that distort the marketplace by specifying "how" not "what".

    Promise a contract of x number of pounds delivered into LEO for y dollars (gold equivalent) by the year 2025 and you might get something more useful out of your public funding.

    Promised contracts for other infrastructure advances -- energy, food, water, education, medicine, etc. could have dramatic economic impacts that would certainly help support space exploration as well as improve things on the ground.

    Proper Incentives to solve social issues would also be very positive: curing generational welfare dependency, curing various forms of addiction, preventing crime.

    Stopping negative incentives which abound in government -- e.g. war on drugs, huge amounts of money spent, direct and indirect. Say you like using cocaine, limited use may not be destructive at all. But if the behavior is destructive, there is a problem. Can you make it non-addictive, maybe never; we could change policies to limit the destructiveness. The criminal treatment is clearly not working too well for society as a whole. Crony capitalism? Comcast is an exemplar hate by liberals and conservative (though politicians benefit, the public does not). Lots of other possible examples. All of these waste money here and now, freeing up the capital to do better things would clearly help transition to a space economy.

    I've ranted long enough.

  39. Power Source by sycodon · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Nothing will happen until you can build and loft a real power source that can generate hundreds of megawatts of energy to drive the ships and once there, power the outposts.

    Solar can be part of that but putting up a solar farm to generate enough power to provide for an actual colony would take hundreds of tons of material as compared to a compact nuke or a fusion device like recently discussed by Lockheed. Think Nuke Sub reactors.

    --
    When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
    1. Re:Power Source by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Think fusion reactors, 100 years from now, when other aspects of this will be much, much easier and similar travel timelines WILL remain the constraint.

    2. Re:Power Source by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      A colony where? Space-grade solar panels are actually fairly lightweight. You can get something like 300 watts per kg today. It's my understanding that this is fairly close to large-scale electrical generators, and that's without including the rest of the power plant (usually a heat engine). Who knows where we'll be in twenty years.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    3. Re: Power Source by jackspenn · · Score: 1

      What about a simple nuclear reactor where the fuel is recycled? From a size and weight to energy prodution/output, would be ideal. Given space ship construction and sub construction, doesn't seem like a difficult or costly modification to use existing reactor designs and convert to space uses. Course there is dealing with no gravity aspect, but shouldn't be to tricky.

      --
      Respect the Constitution
    4. Re:Power Source by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 2

      Trade studies have suggested that out to the main asteroid belt, aerospace grade solar panels have a higher power/mass ratio than nuclear systems. Only out near Jupiter does the equation shift (but even that is only counting the direct reactor mass. The added mass of shielding, trusses for distance, etc, is usually not included.) And every year, the cross-over distance shifts further out.

      The exception is where sunlight is unavailable — Lunar night, Mars winter — where the length of darkness exceeds likely storage capacity. However, the most likely location for early development on the moon is the poles, where there are Peaks of Eternal Light. (How can you not capitalise that?) OTOH, for Mars, you are probably going to avoid the poles due to the severity of those winters, staying within 30 deg of the equator, avoiding that problem too.

      So it'll be a fair while before we need nukes, better to focus available funding on something else.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    5. Re:Power Source by Rei · · Score: 3, Interesting

      On the other hand, when it comes to propulsion, nukes are the bees knees. No form of currently-achievable propulsion yields a higher Isp than a fission fragment rocket, with the exception of photonic / magnetic sails, which are impractically low thrust for interplanetary travel. Some day I'd love to run some simulations as to whether you could have a spallation-driven subcritical dusty fission reactor get rid of much if not all of the moderator mass (power to drive the accelerator should be copious from a fission fragment reactor), and whether you could run one in an infrared nuclear lightbulb mode (making use of the electrostatically-contained dust's extreme surface area and low IR absorption spectrum to get high output, rather than using extreme, unmanageable temperatures to get high output as in a traditional nuclear lightbulb concept), thus opening up non-dirty high thrust power modes for surface operation (airbreathing, simple fuel heating, etc, including using electricity from fragment deceleration to run a microwave beam to help ionize the air/fuel and make it more opaque to IR) and a few other space options (such as a nuclear VASIMR-like mode)

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    6. Re:Power Source by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 3, Interesting

      No form of currently-achievable propulsion yields a higher Isp than a fission fragment rocket

      We're so far from FFR, we might as well talk about fusion drives, or Harold White's warp drive.

      and a few other space options (such as a nuclear VASIMR-like mode)

      My previous comments apply to NEP vs SEP. SEP has better power/mass ratios until you are somewhere near Jupiter, and realistically probably somewhere past Jupiter.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    7. Re:Power Source by taiwanjohn · · Score: 1

      So it'll be a fair while before we need nukes, better to focus available funding on something else.

      Something I've always wondered about nukes in space: where does the heat go? In order to extract work from a nuclear reactor you need a heat gradient. But vacuum is an excellent insulator.

      I can understand if you're using the nuke to heat a propellant, because then the propellant carries away the heat. But as a constant, reliable power source, you wouldn't want it to be limited by an expendable resource, you'd want it to be a more solid-state or closed-loop design. TOPAZ seems to fit the bill, but I've never seen a discussion of how it deals with the heat dissipation issue. Is thermionic conversion so efficient that there's not much waste heat to get rid of?

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    8. Re:Power Source by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 2

      Very large radiators.

      And the radiators must be protected behind a heavy shield, because the radiation degrades them too quickly. Most designs have the reactor, then a heavy shield, a long truss and then the rest of the ship. Running down the length of the truss, carefully shaped to remain in the shadow of the shield, you have huge radiators to dump the heat from the reactor. The truss, the radiators and the shield are all additional mass required for a nuclear propulsion on top of the reactor mass. Solar arrays require radiators too, but only a fraction of the size, see the ISS.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    9. Re:Power Source by Rei · · Score: 2

      I totally disagree. A dusty fission fragment reactor has been demonstrated using a non-nuclear substitute fuel, which demonstrated proper containment and thermal management. And modelling shows that such a configuration should produce a collimated fission fragment beam. So what's so grossly impractical? Have you come across a paper indicating that it's impractical? Because I sure haven't.

      My previous comments apply to NEP

      I'm not talking about NEP. I'm talking about generating a RF plasma and funnelling it through a nozzle, like in VASIMR, but with primary heating being from an IR nuclear lightbulb. And even if I wasn't, commentary on conventional nuclear reactors vs. solar is inapplicable when one is talking about totally different type of reactor.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    10. Re:Power Source by taiwanjohn · · Score: 1

      Thank you. Makes sense. OTOH, on Mars you've got an atmosphere, so this wouldn't be a problem anyway. But eventually large-scale power will be needed in the outer solar system. I suppose by then we'll have figured out fusion or something like that.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    11. Re:Power Source by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      OTOH, on Mars you've got an atmosphere,

      Barely.

      so this wouldn't be a problem anyway.

      Even on Earth we have cooling towers.

      But eventually large-scale power will be needed in the outer solar system. I suppose by then we'll have figured out fusion or something like that.

      At the very least, we'll have a better idea what our real needs are. Right now we're like Christopher Columbus trying to design the NY subway system.

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
    12. Re: Power Source by sycodon · · Score: 2

      Funny you mention Subs. I was thinking about that this morning.

      Subs are built for very hostile environments, and that's without people shooting at them. Take the principals of sub building and modify them appropriately...aluminum instead of steel, structures to hold air in instead of water out, etc. and you have a pretty good game plan for building an actual space ship instead of a soda can with windows.

      --
      When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
    13. Re:Power Source by taiwanjohn · · Score: 1

      Good point. I wonder what the trade is like between acres of cooling vanes vs. acres of solar panels. I guess it would depend on the efficiency of both. Mars's atmosphere is thin, but the temperature is very cold... seems like there ought to be a way to take advantage of that.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
    14. Re:Power Source by fche · · Score: 1

      "The exception is where sunlight is unavailable"

      Don't forget the inverse-square law either.

    15. Re:Power Source by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Yes, but I'm pretty sure that doesn't include the mounting structure, which is where much of the weight will be. And a colony's worth is an awful lot of surface area to expose to radiation and micrometeorites.

      Existing transportable fission reactor designs (including turbines) can also already hit 100MWe in 400 tons, or about 275 W/kg, and that's for a design where mass isn't a terribly important constraint. Of course to generate 100MWe from a thermal engine you need to dump ~200MW of thermal energy, so it's unlikely to be useful for free space/small asteroids/ice moons, etc.

      Meanwhile most fusion reactor designs promise to be far less massive, and if you're doing p-B fusion you don't need much shielding or an inefficient thermal engine - you can convert the fast helium nuclei directly to electricity with near 100% efficiency. Something like the Polywell would likely be the ideal reactor for space-based applications. On Earth too, really, but the advantages would be greatly amplified in space.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    16. Re:Power Source by ultranova · · Score: 1

      No form of currently-achievable propulsion yields a higher Isp than a fission fragment rocket, with the exception of photonic / magnetic sails, which are impractically low thrust for interplanetary travel.

      You have it backwards: the longer the distance, the better option solar sails are, since low constant acceleration means the yacht will eventually overtake the dragster. It's in the short-distance travel - like Earth to Moon - where sharp but short acceleration shines. Amd of course you need it to get off from the planetary surface, at least for now.

      Of course, all this is ignoring the possibility of revolutionary new materials. There's no theoretical reason why a solar sail couldn't generate the 1+g of thrust needed to lift from Earth's surface, it would simply have to be very strong and light, perhaps made from carbon nanotubes or even plain graphene sheets.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    17. Re:Power Source by Immerman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Oh, and meant to mention: solar panels are really only promising in the inner solar system, and there's just not much worth colonizing inwards of Earth and its L-points. On Mars you only have 43% of the solar intensity, so you'll be getting only 130W/kg. At about 2 AU the asteroid belt will only see ~25%, and at over 5 AU the Trojans and Jovian moons are seeing less than 4%. And then there's everything beyond Neptune, where the sun is little more than a particularly bright star - lots of mineral wealth floating out there - I've heard estimates that the Oort cloud might extend as far as a light year from the sun.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    18. Re:Power Source by ultranova · · Score: 1

      At the very least, we'll have a better idea what our real needs are.

      To keep terrorists from dropping asteroids on the White House, I'd imagine.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    19. Re:Power Source by Immerman · · Score: 2

      >where does the heat go?

      Well, if you're on a planet, moon, or sufficiently large asteroid you can dump it into the ground. I free space, as others have said, honking big radiators.

      Or... you use p-B fusion. The energy is released as high-speed He4 ions with a narrow range of kinetic energies, which can easily be converted directly to electricity with near 100% efficiency. Plus with negligible radiation you don't need much shielding. We're a ways away from a break-even reactor yet, but the Polywell will supposedly be able to perform p-B fusion at only a slightly larger scale than an energetically comparable D-T reactor (and if the sparse Navy milestones and status reports are to be believed then they have probably already demonstrated the ability to initiate p-B fusion at non-breakeven levels)

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    20. Re:Power Source by Rei · · Score: 1

      I don't have anything backwards. As far as solar sails go, interplanetary travel is short distance.

      The thrust is really, really, really tiny, for really, really, really huge sails.

      --
      You people make me envy the deaf and the blind!
    21. Re:Power Source by FatLittleMonkey · · Score: 1

      I wonder what the trade is like between acres of cooling vanes vs. acres of solar panels. I guess it would depend on the efficiency of both.

      In space, in a vacuum, studies apparently have shown that solar wins for the inner solar system. (And that's solar panels winning just compared to the reactor mass. Adding the radiator issue makes them win further out.)

      On Mars, solar probably wins in terms of pure power/mass ratio, but solar requires storage for night power (so nearly double the panel area, plus the mass of the battery system) and extra power for heating (which the reactor gives you for free.) And in winter, the numbers get worse.

      Same for the moon, except near the poles. With 24hr (or close to it) sunlight, solar wins. Anywhere else, nukes rule.

      Mars's atmosphere is thin, but the temperature is very cold... seems like there ought to be a way to take advantage of that.

      I was being dismissive: in reality a small reactor suitable for a base wouldn't need much cooling on Mars; after all, we're not talking gigawatt scale plants. So a small set of radiators — sticking up vertically, angled perpendicular to the path of the summer sun — would be plenty. But even that may nor be necessary, you'd use the waste heat for heating the base itself, then the lower grade heat for a greenhouse. At that point, the surface area is probably great enough for the atmosphere to carry the heat away without any special radiators.

      [That atmosphere on Mars is annoying. It's too thin to be useful, but thick enough to get in the way. So it can carry enough heat away to make solar heating barely enough to keep greenhouses warm during the day, and at night (and in winter) you'd need loads of extra heating. Mars makes it hard to put up a freakin' greenhouse. And people want to live there.]

      --
      Science is all about firing a drunk pig out of a cannon just to see what happens.
  40. Spend research dollars on "very" reliable systems by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Many of our manufacturing staples: engines, refrigeration, microwave ovens etc are "good" but not "robust".

    We will need air scrubbers, heaters, chillers and ventilation systems for air quality. And liquid recycling systems for, well, waste water and gray water processing. There once was a vibrant research path in Closed Loop Environmental Support Systems. Start those up again.

    In order to live in space, we need to be able to survive. We will need better and more reliable technologies than we have today. Our current space station is in our bubble, inside the Van Allen belts, we "really" need to move out to the wild west of the general solar system in order to test our ability to survive.

  41. fund NASA to match programs directed? by k6mfw · · Score: 1

    President and Congress direct NASA to carry out such and such programs but fail to provide enough budget. Yes, same whiney post like everyone else.

    --
    mfwright@batnet.com
  42. Suggested self-replicating space habitats by Paul+Fernhout · · Score: 1

    4 years ago: http://pcast.ideascale.com/a/d...

    From there:

    My suggestion for a "Game Changing" project is that NASA (possibly in partnership with NIST) could coordinate a global effort towards designing and deploying self-replicating space habitats that can duplicate themselves from sunlight and asteroidal ore (developed under free and open source non-proprietary licenses as progress towards "open manufacturing").

    NASA showed the basic technological feasibility of this with work in the late 1970s on space habitats, and also in a 1980 study called "Advanced Automation for Space Missions".

    In a long-term space mission or a space settlement, a self-sustaining economy must be created and supported. Therefore, addressing the problem of technological fragility on Earth due to long supply lines and the inaccessibility of key manufacturing data (because it is considered proprietary) is an essential step in the development of the development of human settlement in space. Addressing such fragility would have immediate benefits to improve intrinsic and mutual security globally, and would help humanity survive in the face of plagues, wars, global climate change, asteroid strikes, earthquakes, and whatever other disasters might strike unexpectedly. As the loss of New Orleans showed, Mother Nature remains a formidable adversary even when people are not fighting amongst themselves over perceived scarce resources.

    A NASA-coordinated effort to organize manufacturing information and use it to design such habitats (or seeds that would grow such habitats), as well as improve the state-of-the-art in collaboration software, could thus help meet needs both currently on Earth and in the future in space.

    Nothing NASA is doing now compares with this at all in terms of gaining the excitement and participation of the world's technologists and technically-minded youth, given this project would have the scale of the entire FOSS movement applied to manufacturing (and simulation). Achieving this goal of a self-replicating space habitat could justify literally trillions of dollars in effort to create a technological infrastructure that could support quadrillions of human lives in space, making nonsense of current worries of "Limits to Growth" or "Peak Oil" or "Overpopulation" or whatever else.

    While NASA could coordinate this effort, many other organizations including NIST (and its SLIM program), DARPA, universities, and manufacturers globally could also participate in this effort.

    As a whole, this project would help increase US security as a sort of public outreach by helping the global security community transcend ironic and outdated visions of what security means, given that so much abundance is possible through modern technology and this NASA effort would demonstrate that:

    "Recognizing irony is key to transcending militarism "

    http://www.pdfernhout.net/reco...

    See here for more details:

    http://groups.google.com/group...?

    This effort could also be done in conjunction with this other proposal I made:

    "Build 21000 flexible fabrication facilities across the USA "

    http://pcast.ideascale.com/a/d...

    --
    A 21st century issue: the irony of technologies of abundance in the hands of those still thinking in terms of scarcity.
  43. best idea: ask for good ideas by swell · · Score: 1

    Politicians often discover that when the issue they wish to move forward is resisted by their peers, they can appeal directly to the public. Explain their plan and encourage input from everyone. If they build enough support among the voters, then their peers may be forced to support the plan as well.

    Kalil may or may not have support from the White House or anyone, but if he gets a big response to this challenge Obama and others will have to reconsider their reluctance.

    Yes, ask the Public, ask schoolchildren in particular. Five million responses from fifth graders is a force to sway elected officials. Furthermore it inspires a new generation to reach for the stars (and distracts them from daily news of terrorists and disease).

    [I offer this as a tactic for those who support this sort of thing. I am not convinced that colonizing planets is in our best interest at this time.]

    --
    ...omphaloskepsis often...
    1. Re:best idea: ask for good ideas by PapayaSF · · Score: 1

      Politicians often discover that when the issue they wish to move forward is resisted by their peers, they can appeal directly to the public. Explain their plan and encourage input from everyone. If they build enough support among the voters, then their peers may be forced to support the plan as well.

      Absolutely true.

      Kalil may or may not have support from the White House or anyone, but if he gets a big response to this challenge Obama and others will have to reconsider their reluctance.

      Now you're not being cynical enough. I think this challenge is likely to be the result of a direct White House request to come up with some good "news for nerds." I don't think it's a coincidence that we are weeks from an election that Democrats are dreading (publicly or not). It's aimed at a core voting/donating demographic that largely supported Obama but now is ticked off about the NSA, the IRS, government transparency, the Middle East, and a bunch of other things. There's no commitment, it costs little, there's little risk of a downside, and it's even legal and ethical. It's a small but perfect election-season ploy.

      But regardless of the political motivation and the odds against a real project resulting from it, I'm still in favor, for all the standard nerd reasons.

      --
      Q: What does the "B." in Benoit B. Mandelbrot stand for? A: Benoit B. Mandelbrot
  44. That's not quite what they want: by Hartree · · Score: 1

    "bootstrapping a solar system civilization with no additional money"

    FTFY.

  45. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or we could just talk about it. This way there's more money left over for bombing people half-way across the globe.

  46. Incandescent bulbs. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Funny, I was on a White House tour this summer and they still use incandescent light bulbs inside the White House. Switching to LED lights might be a good place to start.

  47. invent a space drive by anwyn · · Score: 1

    Invent a space drive. The UFO space aliens already have one. Rockets equal failure.

  48. Your forgot the part where they... by Nova+Express · · Score: 1

    ...funnel money to donors who then go bankrupt shortly after...

    --
    Lawrence Person (lawrencepersonh@gmailh.com (remove all "h"s to mail)

    http://www.lawrenceperson.com/

  49. Need a good analogy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We need a good analogy to get started. Trying to set a space habitat set up is like...

    1. Re:Need a good analogy by F34nor · · Score: 1

      Trying to live on life support in a radiation bath that vacillates between freezing and boiling.

  50. Sunset over an Empire. by Truth_Quark · · Score: 1

    Now it is China that is steadily building a stairway to the moon, while America focuses on a few scientific projects that are charismatic, but underfunding science in general.

  51. Yeah...I got some ideas... by hackus · · Score: 1

    1) Destroy instutionalized education and rebuild it with features like Oh, I don't know...how about not penalizing people who think differently and degrees based on contribution to society and not paper exams?

    2) How about not destroying our economic base by giving bankers hundreds of trillions in benefits for raping society and well, maybe using that money to build something we need...like a new propulsion tech not based on Newtonian Physics?

    I would be willing to bet with 17 trillion dollars that the Bankers go we could probably do something interesting....like open the entire resource base of the solar system to a growing humanity with lots of problems.

    --
    Got Geometrodynamics? Awe, too hard to figure out? Too bad.
    1. Re:Yeah...I got some ideas... by F34nor · · Score: 1

      500 million for the light gas gun.

  52. I would say by theuhstuf · · Score: 0

    but I won't, that you need to start with funding. Maybe the government should ask the federal reserve to share some of the interest made on their filthy artificial economy. How about we bootstrap waisted lobbyists money to a cat's belly then a butter side up slice of toast to its back.

  53. WTF by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ass wipes butt fuckers never deserved to live and ask this shit!

    Hay. When Obama is dead, will anyone cry! Hell no.

    Serves 'em right for nuking Dallas just so he can jack-off on Monday.

  54. Mars, bitches! by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

    We've seen this move before. Failing presidents love to propose stuff that they know won't happen in their lifetime. That way, they can't be accused of failure until everyone's forgotten them.

    If you really want to accomplish something, you set your sights on something that can happen within a decade, like Kennedy did with a man on the moon.

    When you go beyond that, you have no guarantees that some future President Jackoff will think that space exploration is against God's will and shut the whole thing down.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  55. Easy. by F34nor · · Score: 1

    1. Light gas gun to get mass preferably h2o into orbit at the lowest $/lbs possible. Opens up fuel, water, and food off world.
    2. Some type of lift system: space fountain, space elevator, sky hook chain, or ???
    3. Inflatable habitats.
    4. Large linear accelerator, e.g. two spinning rocks with a cable in between.
    5. IXian no-ships
    6. Diaspora
    7. Golden Path

  56. The Obvious Elephant in the Room by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Let people launch rockets. It's against FAA regulations to do it, if someone wants to be a rugged solar system colonist, then it's their right to exercise that.

  57. Quite frankly. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We're having problems to make an Earth civilization. Unless we can make a really great non-aggression treaty, this will not end well... something like what was done in Antarctica.

    Actually, because of Space, it's probably a very good idea for the most powerful nations (read UN Security Council permanent members plus other Space-capable nations like India, Japan etc.) to start working on such general lines. A good idea would be not having members from military corporations from each country, but instead doing it via UN, so that there would be UN astronauts -- not American, Russian or Chinese.

    That would be a first step.

  58. chaos creates cash by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Tell everyone you're going to war with MARS.

  59. Borders by fizzer06 · · Score: 1

    Memo to White House: how about tending to our Ebola problem for right now, okay?

    1. Re:Borders by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What Ebola problem? More people died today slipping in the bath tub than have contracted Ebola in the US.

      100 people will die in the US today from the flu. And it's not a particularly bad season. 500 children will die in the US this year from measles, an entirely preventable illness, because of declining vaccination rates.

  60. Human Rights and Equality by eriks · · Score: 1

    1. Universal human rights, including access to clean water and food, or at least arable land and the means to grow food crops.
    2. Universal and complete economic and social human equality.
    3. Ending (at least virtually) all sickness and disease.
    4. Non fossil-fuel-based energy technology.

    Once we lick all that we can go out to the other planets and beyond. There would be nothing left to stop us.

  61. Start on Earth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Let's be civilized here on Earth first..

  62. Insurance by Boronx · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Provide low-cost federal insurance for colonization and asteroid mining missions, like we do for nuclear power plants.

    1. Re:Insurance by HeckRuler · · Score: 1

      That's one of the more reasonable proposals for how the federal government could help bootstrap a space-faring civilization.

      So, it'd pay out on launch failures, deaths, and shield them from lawsuits in case everything goes tits up?

    2. Re:Insurance by penguinoid · · Score: 1

      This is rocket science. People are supposed to go "tits up".

      --
      Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
  63. Lack of Focus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Maybe the White House should focus their efforts and PR campaigns on battling Ebola?

  64. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by penguinoid · · Score: 2

    To be fair, they are pushing economics boundaries. Which are the only boundaries really holding us back from colonizing the system (and then galaxy).

    --
    Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
  65. Nasa by MrKaos · · Score: 1

    A good start would be to actually fund a space agency to do space work. It's just a thought...

    --
    My ism, it's full of beliefs.
  66. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yeah that whole rover to Mars things was a waste of time while that 4 trillion F-35 was wise spending. Quit being a fucking moron.

  67. A ship that can go anywhere doesn't need to... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If we can build a self-sufficient orbital environment we don't need to go anywhere because we can make the destination wherever we please. i.e. the ship is as good as it gets anyway as far as the best environment for life. We just need to be able to send robots to collect elements and process it into parts for more habitat ships.

    Who needs planets when your ship is large enough to survive forever by recycling and reconstructing itself? And if you have fusion power, as we seem to now have thanks to Lockheed, we can just keep making these mobile habitats until all the available mass in the solar system is consumed. Only then do we need to expand to other star systems, but long before then our robots would have reached them and started sending back materials to expand our habitats even further.

    In the far future we may need to look at moving everything to a star that has a much longer life than our sun, if we can find one that is also stable enough.

  68. The White House? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The White House wants input on a solar system civilization? Wait is there an election coming up soon? This sounds a lot like Democrats pandering with no real intention of doing anything.

  69. First of all.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... no token blacks....

  70. men do it like before by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Load up a comet with some snot and shoot them in every direction. Few million years later and a new generation of earthlings will be roaming a far away planet thinking how they can colonize a distant planet.

  71. Solar insolation is 150,000 TW, we need 22 TW by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    The subject line says it all, but just to clarify it a bit more, the global power requirement for 2020 is projected to be under 22 TW (we use 20 TW or so right now, depending on how you measure it).

    In contrast, mean solar insolation on the planet is around 150,000 TW at ground level. It doesn't take a mathematical genius to work out from this that our civilization's power needs are completely insignificant compared to the power arriving from the Sun, by orders of magnitude.

    Of course we can't harness those 150,000 TW, but 22 TW could be captured using very little acreage (0.015% of the Earth's surface) in any sunny desert, and there are lots of those available. Only a tiny fraction would be needed.

    So, I don't know where someone got the idea that solar energy cannot meet our needs, it's so hugely wrong that it's funny.

    But wait, the above figures are at ground level . Do you realize how much power could be harnessed in Low Earth Orbit and beamed down safely at low power density? (Design studies for this have already been made.) The amount of power available in LEO is so mind-blowingly enormous that doing a calculation becomes completely pointless. It's astronomic. And we don't have to stop at LEO.

    Sorry to burst the bubble of your misconceptions, but you're wrong. Solar energy is, for all human intents and purposes, limitless.

    1. Re:Solar insolation is 150,000 TW, we need 22 TW by khallow · · Score: 1

      but 22 TW could be captured using very little acreage

      For an hour around noon. You would need more plus storage to make a viable system that provides energy even when the Sun isn't shining.

    2. Re:Solar insolation is 150,000 TW, we need 22 TW by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Solar doesn't necessarily require energy storage. You just have to think bigger.

      It's always daytime and sunny in multiple places on the planet at every possible hour, so you can obtain solar from somewhere else when your own isn't available. And routing electricity is a very well established area of engineering. It doesn't even have to cost nations anything when there's a balanced tit-for-tat exchange agreement between them.

      Of course some local energy storage would be helpful as well, but that doesn't require anything new ---- the world already uses Pumped-storage hydroelectricity extensively for that purpose.

      Solar power stations in Low Earth Orbit would of course provide almost uninterrupted availability, and combined with the terrestrial routing I mentioned above, this power from orbit would be effectively available everywhere on the planet.

      Finally, it's worth pointing out that long-distance power transmission losses are not so important when it comes to solar, because you're "wasting" something of which there is an inexhaustible supply and which doesn't have any cost at source. Just capture more to compensate for losses. Not a lot of extra equipment would be needed, and the effect on power costs would be minimal.

    3. Re:Solar insolation is 150,000 TW, we need 22 TW by khallow · · Score: 1

      Good point. And there wouldn't be significant additional transmission costs since the concept requires lots of long distance transmission capacity anyway. I think there would still be some need for storage in your scheme, but existing hydroelectric probably would be more than adequate.

    4. Re:Solar insolation is 150,000 TW, we need 22 TW by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm sorry, but you're a complete idiot who hasn't even begun to think of the logistics surrounding this. Shitstains like you are a dime a dozen though. If solar power was the answer we'd be doing it on a far larger scale than we are now, but the reality is that we aren't and before you start, no, it's not a fucking conspiracy.

      Trashdot is so full of failed abortions it's astonishing.

  72. Send people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Send people, send people, send people. Let them figure out how to live there. Let the ones who stay behind figure out how to keep them alive. EVERYTHING else is a distraction and an excuse not to do it. These people might mean well, but they don't have a clue. They still have an Apollo era hero astronaut idea of how things work. Combine that to the modern "we-can't-send-people-to-Mars-until-we-develop-an-unending-series-of-new-crap" ideas, and nothing will happen. Again. Sigh.

    It is all just empty, boring talk. Again.

  73. Longet title ever by cyborg666 · · Score: 1

    "the Deputy Director for Policy for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and Senior Advisor for Science, Technology and Innovation for the National Economic Council" Does that even fit on a business card?

  74. YOU need ENERGY otherwise forget it by Slashdotgirl · · Score: 1
    Let me put it bluntly, YOU need ENERGY to bootstrap a civilisation in space and there are only two contenders.

    Fusion and the following are some of the current research being conducted in this area.

    There are others, but the above are the main ones.

    The other being Molten Salt Reactors in particular Liquid Thorium Floride Reactors .

    And if you do not have one of the above you can forget about creating a space civilisation, let alone saving mankind from a fate worse than death.

    --
    The more I know, the less I know
    1. Re:YOU need ENERGY otherwise forget it by Cthulhu's+Physicist · · Score: 1

      Our future does not look very bright when one of the few sane comments on this completely ridiculous and idiotic idea is give a score of 1! Seems very few people here have actually bothered to do some very basic math and even fewer have a grasp of the laws of thermodynamics. You rock, Slashdotgirl! Damn right, without energy our current civilization is already doomed and we sure as hell don't and won't have enough to civilize the solar system.

  75. Re:Sheesh. Five cases of Ebola and by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ELYSIUM IS NIGH :O

  76. Mayflower by zaax · · Score: 1

    Why not use the same way they was used in colonised the planet 500 years ago. With the best endeavour ships were constructed and people got on for the new lands. Some didn’t make it, some new towns didn’t make it, but humans did and we now colonise the whole planet

  77. I'd love this but... by hughbar · · Score: 1

    As a baby-boomer, still waiting for my toga and flying car [and unlimited leisure with good pay], I love this.

    However I think a clear sub-text is that the 'powers that be' have finally realised that we're fucking this planet over and we're going to need a few other places. No apologies for the language, it's an accurate description of what we're doing.

    --
    On y va, qui mal y pense!
  78. Well, let's see: by Ihlosi · · Score: 1
    3D-Printing is nice, but in the early phase, a space/planetary outpost may need to do a lot of chemical processing on a small scale (to create the raw materials for the 3D-printer, to manufacture all kinds of chemical products like lubricants, medications, etc). So the chemical equivalent of a 3D-printer would be extremely helpful (e.g. put in water and carbon dioxide, hook it up to power, and tell it to manufacture basic hydrocarbons).

    Such a device would be helpful, if not critical, for the success of colonies away from Earth. It doesn't matter if it's not very efficient, as long as it works, since it could help expand the colonies power generating facilities, life support, etc., and it's probably easier to outfit a colony with a big power supply than with all the chemical products in might possibly need.

  79. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That one Lockheed Martin project which went 100% over budget and years behind schedule is so much better than that other Lockheed Martin project which went several 100% over budget and years behind schedule.

  80. space gets defunded all the time... by Karmashock · · Score: 2

    I don't find such statements credible unless they put the money where their mouth is on the issue. If they blew what they've blown on the war on drugs on the space program we'd have a colony on mars. Think about that.

    --
    I've decided to stop wasting my time responding to AC trolls/sockpuppets... so if you want a response from me... login.
  81. X-Prizes + deregulation by bradley13 · · Score: 1

    The best suggestions I have heard consist of two things:

    - Clearly defined X-Prizes for private industry: First company to achieve X receives Y prize money, second company receives fraction-of-Y. The total cost of the X-prizes will be a tiny fraction of what a bureaucratic government effort would cost.

    - Remove as many regulations as possible from private industry - let it be a "wild west". Example: plenty of people want to volunteer for high-risk space missions. Currently, worker-safety regulations cannot be disregarded, no matter how many waivers the people sign. Get rid of that - as long as people know what they're signing up for, the government should stay out of it.

    The de-regulation bit also includes lots of other things. Just as an example, the endless environmental impact assessments required before you can build a launch facility. There are mountains of regulations that stand firmly in the way of actually making progress in space...

    --
    Enjoy life! This is not a dress rehearsal.
    1. Re:X-Prizes + deregulation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1. Roll back safety regulations.

      2. Utilize nonviolent ("white collar") incarcerated criminal volunteers to man space missions.

      3. Centralize declining prison populations.

      4. Sell off empty prison property (see http://news.slashdot.org/story/14/10/17/038219/as-prison-population-sinks-jails-are-a-steal)

      5. ???

      6. Profit!!

  82. Just impractical by fyngyrz · · Score: 5, Funny

    I have an idea...we could name a ship Botany Bay and send the worst criminals into space.

    I don't think we can make a spaceship large enough to hold congress and the supreme court at this time. Your idea will have to wait.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re:Just impractical by Immerman · · Score: 2

      We don't have to send them all at once, and we can boost payload by leaving out nonessentials like air and water.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    2. Re:Just impractical by Teancum · · Score: 1

      SpaceX and the MCT is at least trying. They claim to be able to send the entire U.S. Senate at once to Mars for permanent relocation. Just convince them that Princess Podkayne of Barsoom is real, and they may even have a reason to go!

    3. Re:Just impractical by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're one toxic libshit aren't you?

    4. Re:Just impractical by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hopefully we can include Obama and his incompetent administration too.

    5. Re:Just impractical by fyngyrz · · Score: 0

      Podkayne... isn't real?

      But... but...

      She's why I wanted to be a synthesist!

      --
      I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  83. Bull Fucking Shit by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    We can't even keep the atmosphere on our planet clean. We certainly can't manage to live on other planets. We're going to have to teach our people not to shit where they eat before they're ready to go into space

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  84. Maybe the results can only be as good as the plan. by yusing · · Score: 1

    Launching everything we need from Earth is too expensive.

    True! And yet for 50 years, I could never help noticing, we have de-orbited everything we've sent up! It seems as though noone has given any thought to making things we spend $$$$$ billions and billions $$$$ putting up there so that it will be useful in the future.

    It wasn't that long ago that they were talking about de-orbiting the ISS in 2016 !! Gosh, I wonder if there's anything long-lasting enough in the ISS that might be useful later. Gosh, maybe Henry Ford was ONTO something when he discovered standardization of parts. LEGO seems to have figured out how to make a whole lot of stuff work together. Maybe they could hire LEGO.

    Huh. I wonder if a plan would be possible. If there were only a bunch of smart guys sitting around in fancy government buildings looking for something challenging to do something that lasts longer than the next election. Instead of looking for more ways to throw more money into the Right pockets.

    --

    "You must try to forget all you have learned. You must begin to dream." -- Sherwood Anderson

  85. Space is ok by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    The problem isn't space. The problem is zero-G.

    So you can make a ring and spin it. You can hollow out an asteroid and spin it. Or, presuming you have lots of power, you can simply accelerate in some direction and then decelerate the other way. Any of those ways, the zero-G problems can be made to go away. It's an engineering problem, not a show-stopping, unbeatable environmental problem.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re:Space is ok by Sarius64 · · Score: 1

      Exactly. The science and resource abundance in the asteroid belts or even Saturn orbit warrant this effort. Zero-g problems to the physical would all be easily overcome with a ring station of some kind. Our early-warning technologies would probably need to improve for the vicinity.

  86. Basic plan by Chas · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Step 1: Build permanent habitation in orbit. In a way that can easily be converted to a "space dock".

    Step 2: Use it as a launch pad for permanent habitation on the Moon. Build the infrastructure, build large (mega-engineering projects). Once it's done, THEN move people in permanently. Use this method as the basis for expansion elsewhere in the solar system.

    Step 3: Once permanent habitation has been done within Earth-orbit, send out automated devices to construct a similar space dock in Mars orbit, and possibly one in Venus orbit.

    Step 4: Use the Mars dock as a launch pad for permanent habitation on Mars using the Moon's habitation as a template. Due to Venus' EXTREMELY unfriendly atmosphere, I'd likely say convert the Venus station into a solar power-to-battery facility.

    Step 5: Once the Moon and Mars colonies are firmly established, use the template for occupying the moons of the outer planets.

    Basically the orbital facilities would be staging areas for occupation of the various planets/moons. They serve as fall-back points in case of catastrophe. And, once the colony was safely established, they'd become fuel depots.

    Going with a "launch from orbit" model also saves fuel and wear and tear on interplanetary vehicles.

    --


    Chas - The one, the only.
    THANK GOD!!!
  87. Re:Build a golf course on the moon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Oh, that Obama! The only President ever to play golf while in office.

  88. Re:Maybe the results can only be as good as the pl by Ihlosi · · Score: 1
    LEGO seems to have figured out how to make a whole lot of stuff work together. Maybe they could hire LEGO.

    Ask the guys who make Fischertechnik instead. LEGO ist mostly for architects (with a little bit of engineering stuff thrown in); Fischertechnik is solely for engineers.

  89. Colonize the galaxy in 8 easy steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They should start with a List of what they DO have, rather than asking for all suggestions.

    http://www.amazon.com/The-Millennial-Project-Colonizing-Galaxy/dp/0316771635

  90. Cool, but why? by BluPhenix316 · · Score: 1

    Everyone is cracking jokes, or discussing how it can be accomplished, but has anyone wondered why the interest all of the sudden? Do they know something that we don't?

  91. Minimum "asset critical mass". by Ihlosi · · Score: 1
    The question is basically "What kind and amount of $STUFF does a colony need in order to grow without outside assistance?"

    If it does have this "critical mass" of assets, it has the potential to grow exponentially.

  92. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You want to encourage exploration/exploitation of space? Allow ownership of territory on bodies of the solar system. First organization to establish a manned colony for one year owns wherever that colony is, up to an area of 10 million square miles.

  93. Those are Baby steps by Martin+Spamer · · Score: 1

    .. and are questionable boot strapping projects.

    The biggest cost and therefore barrier to Space exploration is launch costs. These needs to be side stepped.

    Launch a design prize for low cost probes to be sent in their dozens, hundreds or perhaps even
    thousands to the asteroid belt on low energy transfer trajectories. These need to include cheap & reliable ways to analyse the asteroids for useful materials.

    Have a second round to design low cost extraction 'bots' to follow up the analysis probes to 'mine' those materials. These could hoard the supplies or even again use low energy transfer to Earth/Lunar Lagrangian points.

    Sell futures to fund the next step based on the value of those materials.

    We don't need (and probably don't want) full functional Von Neumann machines.

  94. It's cute they think they'll have anything to do w by stealth.c · · Score: 1

    Oh, the hibris of politicians. Once self-sufficient space colonies exist, it is highly unlikely terrestrial governments will have any hold on them. There will be a solar system civilization, but the USG will not be a part of it for long.

  95. Lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Lawyers in space. ASAP. All of them. /idea>

  96. So, we've already paid experts to plan this... by Myself · · Score: 1

    And it's pretty cool:
    The integrated space plan is an update of the document originally drawn up in the 1980s, and has been variously rediscovered since.

    It's a long-view look at where we need to go and what we need to get there. In the 1980s, commercial spaceflight was envisioned somewhat differently than it's happened, and robotics have gotten way more capable, so the refresh is definitely needed.

  97. 1. Don't Get Involved by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just monitor, inspect, learn and regulate. Keep an eye on the heavens. Find out what's out there. Just don't try to do anything proactive because you'll screw it up. Not only will you waste huge piles of money to accomplish nothing of lasting value, you'll mess it up for everyone else - and for a long time to come.

  98. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And pay people well.

  99. Move Life from earth to mars... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Easiest way to colonize the solar system would be to take some existing life like bacteria and the basic building blocks of life, and just ship them to mars. Then hope that life can survive and spread in mars. Then wait 100000 years to see what happens.

  100. Pray by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wait, don't downvote me yet!

    Think about it. "Science" can't absolutely disprove an intelligent creator (I know, my school curriculum told me so). Populating Earth was done by someone, right?

    It costs nothing, and we don't have to lift a finger ourselves. Let's pray, and the creator will just do it again, somewhere else, right?

    Why are you looking at me like that?

  101. Satellites were Once Considered Crazy by catchblue22 · · Score: 2

    This article argues that Elon Musk is in many ways like Werner Von Braun or the Soviet scientist Sergei Korolev (who pushed the Soviets into space). One thing I got from this article was that the original and primary motivation for building rockets was to make weapons. Von Braun and Kovolev almost singlehandedly pushed their own countries into building rockets to put people into space. Without them, we might not have had satellites as quickly or at all. Placing satellites into orbit and putting humans into orbit was once considered crazy. American government officials considered Von Braun to be eccentric, but they didn't care as long as he gave them better ICBM's. Now our entire civilization is built around satellite technology, and our moon shots have brought us technology advances such as the microchip.

    When we talk about putting more humans it can sound a little crazy. However I don't think it is any more crazy than having people climb Mt. Everest, having bases in Antarctica, or sending three small ships westward into the unknown ocean to find a new world. We humans have an inbuilt desire to explore. To ignore that is to go against our fundamental nature.

    --
    This and no other is the root from which a tyrant springs; when first he appears as a protector - Plato (423 to 327 BC)
    1. Re:Satellites were Once Considered Crazy by DiamondGeezer · · Score: 1

      Elon Musk is in many ways like Werner Von Braun

      You mean he's a mass murderer who used technology to rain down death onto the allies? Wow.

      --
      Tubby or not tubby. Fat is the question
    2. Re:Satellites were Once Considered Crazy by catchblue22 · · Score: 1

      Elon Musk is in many ways like Werner Von Braun

      You mean he's a mass murderer who used technology to rain down death onto the allies? Wow.

      Von Braun risked his life to even think about using his rockets for space travel while working under the nazis. He almost single-handedly dragged the Americans into the space age. He is not perfect. But he did change our world in a positive way.

      --
      This and no other is the root from which a tyrant springs; when first he appears as a protector - Plato (423 to 327 BC)
    3. Re:Satellites were Once Considered Crazy by Teancum · · Score: 1

      The interesting thing about Sergei Korolev is that he was sentenced to life imprisonment in a Siberian gulag prior to his rehabilitation in becoming the "Chief Designer" of one of the Soviet Union's rocket design bureaus. His life story is something that I find very interesting and something to even admire in terms of the adversity he went through on his life's path to designing the N1 Soviet moon rocket.

      Werner Von Braun, on the other hand, was an SS officer who employed slave labor to build his projects in Nazi Germany. I'm not really sure that is anything morally equivalent to even Korolev, much less Elon Musk. The Saturn V rocket was certainly a piece of impressive engineering for its own merits, and Von Braun's management skills in terms of running the Huntsville, Alabama engineering teams is also very impressive and something that I think Elon Musk could certainly learn from as well. None the less, there is some pretty awful baggage that came with Von Braun that if it wasn't for his role in establishing the American ICBM program would have likely put him in prison for a life sentence like did happen to other SS officers of his rank that were engaged in lesser war crimes.

  102. First-mover advantage by Immerman · · Score: 1

    Well, it *is* a competition, but that doesn't mean that everyone can't be winners, some will just win more than others. And the first group to develop viable technology will have a first-mover advantage, even if the competition piggybacks on their research. There are after all "magic" spots in the solar system that are far more valuable than the rest, and the first major government-backed group to colonize them will likely be able to make their claims stick, international treaties be damned. Some examples:

    The Peaks of Eternal Light, the only places on the moon where solar power is available continuously.
    Lunar glaciers - water is a valuable and heavy resource in space, and there's only a few known

    The closest point on the moon, and Earth-moon L1 point - the combination of which is one of only two regions where you can build a lunar space elevator, and the only one where the far tip can potentially match the tangential velocity of Earth's surface.

    The Earth-moon L4 and L5 points - the most energetically accessible spots from the moon, and hence prime real estate for space colonies built with lunar resources.

    The Earth-sun L4 and L5 points - home of the most energetically accessible asteroids from Earth, ideal for early asteroid development, and a potential site for long-term space colonies that want to maintain easy contact with Earth.

    And of course if we're talking asteroid colonization, not all asteroids are created equal - it will be a race to locate and claim the largest and richest candidates. Likewise on planets there will be competition for the most resource-rich areas.

    Oh, and two more - the moons of Mars. Really just huge asteroids, but they would make excellent massive space stations around a planet that will likely one day have it's own thriving economy, and are small enough that a dedicated enough actor could likely claim the whole thing early on.

    --
    --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  103. Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Shavano has it. We have yet to create a successful closed biosphere here on earth. Until we can do so we will be limited to robotic exploration.

  104. Procreation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Doctor, you mentioned the ratio of ten women to each man. Now, wouldn't that necessitate the abandonment of the so-called monogamous sexual relationship, I mean, as far as men were concerned?"
          "Regrettably, yes. But it is, you know, a sacrifice required for the future of the human race. I hasten to add that since each man will be required to do prodigious... service along these lines, the women will have to be selected for their sexual characteristics which will have to be of a highly stimulating nature. "

  105. Pronunciation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Kalil: is that, perhaps, pronounced "Kal-El"?

  106. How to start? by whitroth · · Score: 1

    Easy: first build several *real* space stations, not "outposts in space", that serve the same way airports do, and use orbit-to-orbit ships - true spacegoing vessels. Once those are up, interplanetary travel is *much* cheaper.

    Then we build the magelev launchers on the Moon....

                    mark

  107. A good first step by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because it would magically be replaced with people who are less selfish and corrupt?

  108. Hey, idiots by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Maybe the idea is to go somewhere without a millennia-long history of greed, corruption and dogma.

  109. Yawn. Election in two weeks, energize all micro- by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    targeted support groups. This is normal Obama campaign behavior. The administration that has done everything it possibly could to slow manned spaceflight within the bounds of the law now wants to activate that tiny slice of their base that cares about spaceflight. They have been making very narrowly targeted statements to many other interest groups lately too... all in the name of trying to eek out that last .1% of voters and try to save the senate. They did the same thing in 2008. In 2008, Obama campaigned with teachers and promised to delay NASA activities by 5 years and shift the money to education - then he went to Florida and promised the KSC workforce that he was going to speed-up the post-shuttle program (which at that time was "Constellation" - the program he killed in 2010) to "close the gap" between shuttle flights and the following program flights. A lot of people around KSC fell for the lie and voted for Obama - only to get their lay-off notices over the follwing 24 months.

    Mr Obama's NASA has actively DISABLED manned Mars missions in the near term and probably any time in the next half-century. ANY such manned mission will require multiple heavy lift launch vehicle launches in quick succession, but each launch trashes the pad and requires many days of repair. The KSC launch complex 39 was designed to have 5 pads but only 2 were ever built (39-A and 39-B) which was sufficient for the Apollo moon program but an absolute minimum for a Mars program. Under Mr Obama, only one pad (39-B) is being prepped for SLS launches that could support Mars missions but the other pad (39-A) has just been leased to SpaceX and they are prepping it to host the Falcon9H (NOT a heavy lifter). Conclusion: No matter WHAT "team Obama" SAYS, it has ruled-out manned Mars missions and has tried to lock-in policies that will prevent the next administration from going to Mars too.

  110. fail by micahraleigh · · Score: 1

    Twenty odd countries with "space programs" but no one has the means to put a human on the moon any more (which people did in the 60's!).

    Everyone gets more and more ambitious with their goals while related capabilities are being lost forever.

    Apologies to the Draper watchers: we really had it better back then.

    Anyway, I'd rather keep *my* tax dollars on the earth so I can spend it on my kids and not the religious pursuit of Science.

  111. Bio-engineering by omfglearntoplay · · Score: 1

    Once plants, animals, and people can survive off of moon dust and rocks and breath helium, then things start to get easier.

  112. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by painandgreed · · Score: 1

    Fully fund a manned mission to Mars and set a 10 year goal.

    Don't think it's possible actually. There's simply too much stuff that still needs to be worked out. Heavy launchers haven't even shown up yet. After that we still had to work out long term deep space habitats that despite the knowledge to even try and build them will take a while to work out the engineering bugs and get them good enough that they'll work for a two and half year trip away from help. Once we actually get to Mars, there is a whole series of problems with getting something capable of carrying a man down to the surface and back due to an atmosphere that isn't quite thick enough to help us and too thick to ignore. Apollo 1 didn't take men to the moon and the first in the Mars mission series won't take people to Mars.

  113. Spend research dollars on by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We need testing. Just launch wave after wave of monkeys into space and hope they tell us something. Give them funny hats.

  114. Legalize pot in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We're being told that decriminalizing drugs would bring in the big bucks. Let's put that theory to the test: make it official that the US won't object to drugs in outer space. Whether it's a short suborbital flight or a permanent moonbase, as long as you're in space, you can space out.

  115. Re:You want an idea? How about we fund NASA? by penguinoid · · Score: 1

    First organization to establish a manned colony for one year owns wherever that colony is, up to an area of 10 million square miles.

    I think you mean, first person to set up space snipers to ward off the competition, gets all the space territory they want.

    --
    Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
  116. Simple. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's easy, just stop trying to control everything. get your stupid regulations out of our way and let us invent.

  117. Oh, yeah... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What a great idea! And we all know how justified it is by this administration's endless series of massive successes with every project they undertook. Why, just imagine how well GOINGINTOSPACE.gov would work and how cheaply it could be done - and that's just a start!

  118. Ideas? Plenty. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Not giving any of them to Obama.

  119. Solar Caliphate by Optali · · Score: 1

    A good starting point would be to offer the IS people an Islamic Caliphate in some of the heavenly bodies of our solar system... and not in just any of these heavenly body but it in most important one!! As a sign of our love and appreciation we could offer them a Caliphate in de Sun.

    And why wait? we should start right now!

     

    --
    -- 29A the number of the Beast
  120. "bootstrapping a solar system civilization."?! by Cthulhu's+Physicist · · Score: 1

    Sounds to me as if Mr. Kalil wants a pony before he can take care of a hamster. I suggest that he first understand the implications of the exponential function and why growth as we know it today has an expiration date. https://www.youtube.com/watch?... Tom Murphy: Growth has an Expiration Date You can follow Tom on his blog at http://physics.ucsd.edu/do-the...

  121. It's rather cool... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    that someone official is talking about this. And not just the Planetary Society for once.

  122. Baby steps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To colonise space domes and biospheres will never work we need to construct underground not citys under a dome.Domes leak far to easily everything must be compartmentalised to handle fire,decompression,armoshiric contamination etc.food should be grown in air locked compartments with controlled separate environments with humidity,frequency of light,temperature and barometric pressure all controlled for optimum crop yields.built like track housing all with separate controlled environments.robot tending and harvesting equipment mounted above, insect,fungus,algae, and yeast farming in addition to plants. underground construction shields against radiation and minimizes risk from asteroid impacts even on mars mostly underground makes sense, it would help keep out the co2 atmosphere, control fire outbreaks,allow population control during social disturbances, and in addition to shielding from solar radiation,it would insulate making keeping people and farming warm enough while using far less energy. on the moon and mars i would use electromagnetic railing to accelerate shuttles, cargo etc. into orbit like up the side of Olympus Monds to very high speeds to reduce fuel needed for orbit. on our moon and the 2 martian moons rail acceleration alone could launch intersolar ships and satellites through out our system. As far as deep space probes, we need to shield against cosmic rays so the best way to send probes to other star systems would be to mine out a small asteroid line it internally with 21-25 ft of lead for shielding cover it in optical, infrared, ultraviolet,radio,x-ray and gamma ray telescopes, laser and radio communications arrays,lidar and radar all for navigation and exploration,fusion power with back up fission reactors preferably of a breeder reactor design to maximize fuel.fusion plasma rockets for initial acceleration, followed by sling shot maneuvers and ion engines there after for both fuel efficiency and its slow but steady continued exponential acceleration. in addition to incredibly redundant construction of all systems, including advanced computer systems with the best A.I. we can manage. dozens of probe satellites to explore planets and other anomalies of interest in the target star systems. we could also build in space an electromagnetic accelerator to launch in system cargo and satellites to planets and moons throughout the sol system. we should build buried colonies on every moon in our system in addition to mars,pluto and mercurys cool side. On moons space elevators could also be used for moving people and cargo.Space stations inside asteroids, built like the deep space probe with living quarters,food production,power,shuttle bays,cargo bays etc. could be built throughout the system, and some could be put in gravity null zones between moons and planets were gravity equalizes, especially in earth orbit combined with a lunar space elevator to the asteroid station. all bases should have lead shield shelters for radiation stormes. electromagnetic accelerators could help launch frop earth as well reducing the energy and cost to orbit.imagine accelerating up the side ov everest to hundreds of miles an hour than the rockets take over at the top in the thin atmosphere, allowing huge payloads to be launched at far cheaper costs.underground farming on earth would enable us to farm anywhere and to stack the underground fars vertically with many levels, free from the vagaries of temperature rainfall and inclement weather and insect and animal predation. hydroponics and aeroponics produce 4 acres of food per acre,being totally organic, pesticide and pest free. we too on earth could benefit from insect,fungus,algae,and yest food farming.underground aquaponics would be able to prevent pollution and parasite problems,and solar collectors and fiberoptically transmitted light from the surface to the underground farms,could also provide both power and light and act as a solar power plant. underground housing is also cheaper to heat and cool and is usually like 70 degrees year round without heating or cooling. it is also

  123. addmehits.com by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

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  124. Er, what? by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    Yet another "Ready, Fire, Aim" sally from the blind, deaf and dumb contingent. Please DO go on, it's absolutely fascinating. :)

    You might start with your definition of a "libshit"; is that a left winger? A libertarian? A librarian? What?

    Also, I was dreadfully sorry to learn that your sense of humor was shot off in the war.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  125. Transcendence by Rande · · Score: 1

    Once we give up our meatbag bodies, a lot of the physics problems go away.
    Admittedly, the tech to upload our brains into computers is a ways off, but it doesn't require amazing physics breakthroughs to get there (eg. wormholes, antigravity, FTL travel etc.).
    We can send our computer brains off the planet at much higher Gs, not have to worry too much about flight time to other solar systems, and can grow and download back into meatbags at the final destination if we still desire such things.

    Title aside, I hate the movie - dude, why didn't you just make multiple backups of yourself?

  126. Two Words: Microwave Smelter! (link to video inclu by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Put comet rocks into a microwave oven to collect metals to build more microwave ovens! http://www.instructables.com/id/microwave-smelter/