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New Test Supports NASA's Controversial EM Drive

An anonymous reader writes: Last year, NASA's advanced propulsion research wing made headlines by announcing the successful test of a physics-defying electromagnetic drive, or EM drive. Now, this futuristic engine, which could in theory propel objects to near-relativistic speeds, has been shown to work inside a space-like vacuum. NASA Eagleworks made the announcement quite unassumingly via NASASpaceFlight.com. The EM drive is controversial in that it appears to violate conventional physics and the law of conservation of momentum; the engine, invented by British scientist Roger Sawyer, converts electric power to thrust without the need for any propellant by bouncing microwaves within a closed container. So, with no expulsion of propellant, there’s nothing to balance the change in the spacecraft’s momentum during acceleration.

480 comments

  1. This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 0, Troll

    In Dr. White’s model, the propellant ions of the MagnetoHydroDynamics drive are replaced as the fuel source by the virtual particles of the Quantum Vacuum, eliminating the need to carry propellant.

    Let's see: we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo. Riiiight. Where do I send my check?

    1. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      They've gone into plaid?

    2. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, maybe it works by a different mechanism. The article's about an actual experiment which showed positive results, not just some guy theorizing.

    3. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      In Dr. White’s model, the propellant ions of the MagnetoHydroDynamics drive are replaced as the fuel source by the virtual particles of the Quantum Vacuum, eliminating the need to carry propellant.

      Let's see: we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo. Riiiight. Where do I send my check?

      I see you like to comment on something without reading it.... try taking a look at the article... it says specifically that conservation of momentum is NOT violated...

    4. Re:This again? by Greyfox · · Score: 5, Funny

      Well the tests keep showing the damn thing works! Maybe it's just magic. Works based on fairies flying out of an engineer's butt, or something. Hopefully it doesn't break the universe :-/

      --

      I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

    5. Re:This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 2

      I see you like to comment on something without reading it.... try taking a look at the article... it says specifically that conservation of momentum is NOT violated...

      Well, the article says it, so it must be true.

      If you're not throwing anything out of the back of the rocket, you're violating conservation of momentum.

    6. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I am willing to accept that maybe they have found a corner case where Virtual Particles can be converted to real particles and used as fuel, since it's basically just converting energy back to mass to be used a propellant. That's not a violation of the laws of physics, it's just reversing the normal flow of matter in to energy.

      That being said, the claims of 'warp bubbles' being suspected I am skeptical about. They are going to have to show me a dozen of independent tests before I am willing to get my hopes up about possible FTL applications.

      Extraordinary claims require Extraordinary evidence.

    7. Re:This again? by Penguinisto · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Let's see: we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo. Riiiight. Where do I send my check?

      The practical result says that it works anyway.

      I suspect that there is a balance in physics somewhere... just that no one knows where or what that is yet.

      I am kind of curious though - does it have the acceleration curve of a VASMIR/Ion engine, or can we build something with it that will give greater speed in less time?

      (...also, is the acceleration graph linear, curved sharply in either direction, hits a curve at a certain point... what?)

      --
      Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
    8. Re:This again? by barc0001 · · Score: 1

      Nice snark. Explain why they're still seeing observed results in testing then. The latest test in a vacuum chamber is the interesting one as a lot of people expected it to fail as they surmised the other teams were observing thrust from convection. Now that it has succeeded, things look exciting. Obviously it doesn't violate the physical laws of the universe, but it's also apparent nobody knows WHY it works just yet. More study is needed.

    9. Re:This again? by painandgreed · · Score: 1

      In Dr. White’s model, the propellant ions of the MagnetoHydroDynamics drive are replaced as the fuel source by the virtual particles of the Quantum Vacuum, eliminating the need to carry propellant.

      Let's see: we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo. Riiiight. Where do I send my check?

      Although I haven't seen the math or read the articles yet, the above sentence makes sense to me. Instead of inputing energy to fuel and kicking out the back, they input the energy to the virtual pairs that are in all space. That gives the drive it's thrust as they are pushing against the virtual pairs which then recombine and cease to exist. However, when they cease to exist, they should still have a higher net energy over free space which would result in EM radiation being released when the virtual particles cease to exist. They might not cease to exist and thus the new particles never recombine and become actual particles, but the energies of the two particles (minus what was inputted into them) would be opposite of each other.

    10. Re:This again? by Revarg · · Score: 3, Funny

      Actually, the test shows that is not fairies flying out of the engineer's butt, but rather invisible unicorns pushing the unit. Those tricky magical bastards....

    11. Re:This again? by Dredd13 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I suspect that there is a balance in physics somewhere... just that no one knows where or what that is yet.

      This.

      Just because we can't see the balance doesn't mean it isn't there.

    12. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you're not throwing anything out of the back of the rocket, you're violating conservation of momentum.

      If two magnets get close enough and snap together are they violating conservation of momentum when forces are acting on them to accelerate toward each other?

      I thought the idea with magnetic forces is that the forces by which things attract or repel is such that momentum is conserved with the system.

    13. Re:This again? by goombah99 · · Score: 1

      My guess is it's the same sort of testing magic the latest cold fusion dude in italy is peddling.

      --
      Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    14. Re:This again? by ClickOnThis · · Score: 5, Insightful

      This might be another Cold Fusion moment. Or, it might be the start of something very interesting.

      When an experiment contradicts a theory, there are two possibilities: (1) there's something wrong with the experiment; or (2) there's something wrong with the theory. If the correct answer is (1), then it's par for the course: mistakes happen, and the process of science corrects them eventually. But if the correct answer is (2) then it's cork-popping time, because you have discovered new science.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    15. Re:This again? by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That is what peer review, replication of results and further study are for...and I am biting my lip not to add "dumbass" to the end of that sentence.

      And BTW: those things are already happening. Other scientists are critiquing (constructively rather than your sort of nonsense) and others are carrying out new experiments in the same and novel situations to eliminate confounds. You know, the scientific world doing what they do.

      What I find absolutely amazing here (apart from the *potential* discovery) is how everyone is more interested in bagging on the science than commenting on how this might be a major breakthrough after NASA (FFS) has been confirming the results.

      Yes, it may not be as it is. But it is also WAAY too early to cry foul.

      Some days the internet its like watching a tribe of chimps...

    16. Re:This again? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      (...also, is the acceleration graph linear, curved sharply in either direction, hits a curve at a certain point... what?)
      As long as you don't change power input, acceleration is always linear.
      No idea why you ask this, that is a no brainer.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    17. Re:This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 4, Funny

      If two magnets get close enough and snap together are they violating conservation of momentum when forces are acting on them to accelerate toward each other?

      Of course not. The total momentum of the system stays zero.

      When I was a kid, I tried to make a self-propelled car by putting magnets on the back and front bumpers of a toy car, reasoning that the front magnet would attract the back one, and therefore produce thrust. When I built it, I learned a valuable lesson: it doesn't work. Because the force pulling the back magnet forward is exactly counterbalanced by the force pulling the front magnet backward.

      The EM drive is closely analagous to this idea. Except that they didn't figure out when they were eight that this will never work.

    18. Re:This again? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      The inventor knows.
      He formulated the theory of the device. And actually it is pretty easy to grasp for a layman. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E...

      Can't be so surprising that a scientist draws/imagines a "thing" and engineers build it and: surprise, surprise, it works like the scientist thought it out. (*facepalm*)

      The creationists must have done good work in america to destroy the "faith" in science!

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    19. Re:This again? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Instead of inputing energy to fuel and kicking out the back, they input the energy to the virtual pairs that are in all space.

      "Impulse Drives" don't work by pushing "against something".

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    20. Re:This again? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 2

      Well the tests keep showing the damn thing works! Maybe it's just magic.

      If it is based on magic, then scientists are ill prepared to detect that. Instead you need a professional magician, who is skilled in the art of deceit and deflection. Is James Randi available?

    21. Re:This again? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 0

      If you're not throwing anything out of the back of the rocket, you're violating conservation of momentum.
      Care to explain: why?

      Hm?

      Yes?

      Next try?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    22. Re:This again? by Penguinisto · · Score: 1

      Asking because apparently no one knows just yet exactly *why* this thing is putting out, err, 'thrust'. They know how, well, sort of...

      --
      Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
    23. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      https://xkcd.com/1404/

    24. Re:This again? by Assmasher · · Score: 1

      I see you like to comment on something without reading it.... try taking a look at the article... it says specifically that conservation of momentum is NOT violated...

      Well, the article says it, so it must be true.

      If you're not throwing anything out of the back of the rocket, you're violating conservation of momentum.

      So... You're now arguing that you can violate the conservation of momentum. Interesting.

      --
      Loading...
    25. Re:This again? by david_thornley · · Score: 2, Informative

      The practical result says that it works anyway.

      There's nothing currently practical about it. It's in the experimental stage. If we had a spacecraft flying around on one of these, I'd be much more confident. The last time an observation violated the laws of physics like this, it turned out to be a loose cable connection.

      By Noether's theorem, if we're violating the law of conservation of momentum, the laws of physics must vary from place to place in the Universe. (Unfortunately, I don't understand general relativity well enough to generalize this.) If this actually works, we're going to need a rewriting of physics comparable to Special Relativity. We definitely should push ahead with testing this thing, although I still think it's going to turn out not to be a reactionless space drive.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    26. Re:This again? by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 1

      He's asking if 2x the electricity means you get 2x the speed.

      --

      "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

    27. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are claiming that NASA is fudging results?

      To what end?

      Ohh thats right you're an armchair warrior that thinks they know better then the people who have spent their life studying physics. I'll tell you what when you spend your life studying physics you can discuss how fake this is, mmm'k?

    28. Re:This again? by Guspaz · · Score: 5, Insightful

      More like tests keep showing that it IS working, and nobody is sure why. Either the problem is with the test, or there's something else happening that we don't understand, but either way, nobody is sure yet what's going on.

      I think it's likely that the test is faulty, but they need to figure out why or how the test is faulty.

    29. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Area man refuses to accept that something was demonstrated by a scientific experiment can possibly be true - insists that his knowledge of science as an 8 year old was more advanced than that of actual actual specialized scientists.

    30. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am willing to accept that maybe they have found a corner case where Virtual Particles can be converted to real particles and used as fuel, since it's basically just converting energy back to mass to be used a propellant. That's not a violation of the laws of physics, it's just reversing the normal flow of matter in to energy.

      That being said, the claims of 'warp bubbles' being suspected I am skeptical about. They are going to have to show me a dozen of independent tests before I am willing to get my hopes up about possible FTL applications.

      Extraordinary claims require Extraordinary evidence.

      Not warp bubbles, this is more like impulse power which supposedly could produce speeds up to but not matching and certainly not exceeding the speed of light in Star Trek fiction. Also note that even if this thing works, approaching the speed of light with it is still a massive undertaking which at it's top end has increasingly diminishing returns.

      I should also add the obligatory "Peer review, or it didn't happen" comment that appears to be missing from /. of late.

    31. Re:This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 1

      The inventor knows.
      He formulated the theory of the device. And actually it is pretty easy to grasp for a layman. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E...

      Have you actually read the paper? Hint: there's a very, very good reason why it is not in a peer-reviewed journal.

    32. Re:This again? by Assmasher · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's just silly. The people reporting this observable phenomenon do not claim to understand why this happens - in fact the point of the article is that we should strive to understand why this works.

      Just because YOU don't understand why this works doesn't mean that they are claiming to be violating the conservation of momentum - especially since they are not. Most especially because there's a clear expenditure of input energy - a grossly inefficient (it would seem) one.

      --
      Loading...
    33. Re:This again? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      For the physics you can google yourself.
      As articles about the EM drive are showing up on /. since 3 or 4 years, and the physics is published since at least 2000, which was 15 years ago if you are bad in math, it should not be difficult for you to figure how the drive is "supposed" to work.

      How exactly do you want to be spoon fed? If you have not even read up the basics, what exactly do you ask me to tell you about it?

      When somebody sounds like a total fucking crackpot, they almost always are.
      Did not know that NASA is meanwhile down to crackpots. (Regarding the EM drive)
      Or that the US Navy is now down to crack pots as well. (Regarding cold fusion)

      You must have a strange definition of "crackpot" ... or must live in some basement playing counterstrike all day and night.

      (If you want to know how to get banned from a server by doing 10 head shots in a row, obviously without cheating, I tell you ... it is super simple)

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    34. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except that the cold fusion peddlers set up their own experiments, perform their own experiments, declare their own experiments a success, and don't let anyone else examine their experiments.

      Three countries have now built their own versions of the engine and each of them get a result (it is interesting that they don't get the same result, maybe they should swap engines and try again so that everyone performs the test with every version of the engine to determine if variations in the engine cause the variations in the results or if all three sets of experiments are flawed in different ways to produce different incorrect results).

      Personally? I'll say: do it in space. Within Earth's magnetic field anything electromagnetic has a huge variable that I'm not seeing being controlled for.

    35. Re:This again? by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      Everybody's busy bagging on the science because reactionless space drives are known to be impossible, and if it turns out this is actually one, it's going to be a real interesting time to be a physicist because some really basic assumptions are going to have to be replaced.

      The chance that this is due to some systemic experimental effect that nobody's noticed yet is still way higher than the chance that this actually works as advertised, so it's WAAY too early to cry fair either.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    36. Re:This again? by Assmasher · · Score: 2

      Why do you keep saying this? They aren't giving an answer. They don't understand why it works, they clearly suggest that we should figure out why it does...

      You seem to be building a straw man argument so you can rant about the COM.

      --
      Loading...
    37. Re:This again? by drerwk · · Score: 5, Informative

      If I were to peer-review a paper on this, I would insist on a plausible physical explanation for the claimed measurement. The burden of proof is on them: they are making a truly extraordinary claim, one that, if true, would entail revising all of physics from its very foundation.

      When somebody sounds like a total fucking crackpot, they almost always are.

      You might have missed high temp super conductivity entirely then. The phenomenon was measured and replicated in many labs - but it was at least a few years before any plausible theory came out - and 20 years on we do not have firm agreement on the cause.

    38. Re:This again? by sosume · · Score: 1

      They power up the device, and apparently it works by providing thrust somehow. What fault? I really need one of those for my car ASAP.

    39. Re:This again? by barc0001 · · Score: 2

      Except he in involved with all the tests and sets the parameters. This has been replicated by 3 different teams using their own manufactured cavity chambers and one of those teams works for NASA. Just a wee bit of a difference.

    40. Re:This again? by Rei · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Or, rather than all of physics being wrong, maybe they have an erroneous measurement setup.

      That doesn't mean you shouldn't investigate anomalous measurements. But at this stage you shouldn't be writing fluff pieces with page after page of how much your new technology will change spaceflight. You should be publishing a paper with a name like "Measurement of anomalous thrust in a microwave apparatus operated in a hard vacuum" and trying to avoid the media insomuch as possible - and when you need to talk with them, trying to explain "we don't know what's going on... we have some theories but they're controversial... we need to do more testing." etc.

      --
      Sigur RÃs: I didn't know that Heaven had a rock band.
    41. Re:This again? by lister+king+of+smeg · · Score: 0

      Not really as velocity approaches C it becomes a asymptotic curve as you have mass a positive mass you will never reach C without infinate energy.

      --
      ---Saying gnome 3 is better than windows 8 not so much a compliment as it is damning with light praise.
    42. Re:This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 1, Troll

      That's just silly. The people reporting this observable phenomenon do not claim to understand why this happens - in fact the point of the article is that we should strive to understand why this works.

      They're measuring an anomalous force in an electromagnetic cavity. That's a measurement, a concrete fact. They're claiming that they'll be able to make a starship with it. That's beyond any credibility. It's totally delusional.

    43. Re:This again? by Rei · · Score: 1

      Haha, my concept as a child was to have a buoyant container on wheels in a tube full of water that would rise up, roll down a ramp on the other side, and re-enter the tube through an airlock on the bottom.

      Wish my dad had taken the time to tell me why it wouldn't work rather than just saying "perpetual motion is impossible".

      --
      Sigur RÃs: I didn't know that Heaven had a rock band.
    44. Re:This again? by Megol · · Score: 1

      So NASA didn't build the device, they weren't allowed to control the device, they weren't allowed to check the wires going into the device but assumed that the chamber was emptied to a hard vacuum and that the force sensors worked right?

      There's no comparison.

    45. Re:This again? by Megol · · Score: 1

      There is already a proposed mechanism that doesn't require "revising all of physics from its very foundation".

    46. Re:This again? by Sloppy · · Score: 1

      Where do I send my check?

      Send it to Larry Niven. I always wondered how his "reactionless drives" worked, and now I finally und-- actually, no, I don't understand how this works at all.

      --
      As copyright owner of this comment, I authorize everyone to defeat any technological measure which limits access to it.
    47. Re:This again? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Works based on fairies flying out of an engineer's butt

      Does that mean we have to send that blessed engineer into space to power the probe? I'd rather "have to" send politicians. If bullsh1t turned out to be a powerful propellant, we could hook it up to the bozo's in Washington DC and visit Andromeda.

      P.S. don't walk into the EMD lab wearing a red shirt until they find out how it works.

    48. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This isn't necessarily a violation of the law of conservation of momentum. Consider, for example, the momentum from a photon. We can clearly generate photons through, say, an LED, emit them, and increase momentum of one object without a violation of the conservation of momentum. The thing is that we don't think that energy has momentum, but we don't really understand what "momentum" means in terms of energy outside a particle. Certainly, if there are particle pairs appearing, then, for the life of that pair of particles, then no violation has occurred.

    49. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Um.. "The EM drive is closely analagous to this idea. Except that they didn't figure out when they were eight that this will never work."

      How so?
      I mean, it DOES work.. So just because you don't understand it does not stop it from working. Child toy playtime and not understanding things has nothing to do with it.
      They also never claim it has anything to do with two magnets repelling each other. It works by pumping microwaves into a asymmetrical resonate cavity. They get thrust. Two main ideas for why this is are that there is either direct interaction with Quantum Vacuum virtual particles so that if functions like a normal ion drive but without having to use stored actual particles for thrust, or perhaps instead it acts like a virtual toroid and that due to the asymmetric group velocity of the microwaves in the cavity the energy 'lost' to the Quantum Vacuum interactions of the virtul toroid must be made up, thus for conservation of momentum to be intact there must be the same amount of thrust as the energy 'lost' to the Quantum Vacuum.

      Also, don't forget, regardless of anything else the entire universe is awash with magnetic fields from various sources. So in the end if you had a big enough electromagnet, a large enough power source and an understanding of what fields were naturally present you could propel yourself anyplace in the universe with it.. No strings or propellant needed.

    50. Re:This again? by dAzED1 · · Score: 1

      "If I were to peer-review a paper on this, I would insist on a plausible physical explanation for the claimed measurement." That's stupid. Providing proof that something interesting is happening and repeatable is viable science all on its own. I've read quite a lot of highly-respected papers from highly-respected people in highly-respected journals which did nothing other than document a pattern of behavior without explanation. In fact, most scientists I know will say they rarely ever really think they know *why* something happened, but that doesn't stop them from wanting to know. Some things get thousands of perfectly cromulent papers written prior to anyone really having a firm grasp on the "why" - hell, if you have the "why" then you probably have the last paper that will ever need to be written on the subject. Even farking *gravity* is still a bit of a mystery. We're pretty good on exactly *how* it works, but the *why* that you insist is necessary, for even something we all pretend to understand, isn't really yet known.

    51. Re:This again? by Tablizer · · Score: 5, Funny

      Just because we can't see the balance doesn't mean it isn't there.

      So it's powered by a typical Comcast bill

    52. Re:This again? by NatasRevol · · Score: 1

      There's no 'seem to be' about it. That's exactly what he's doing.

      --
      There are two types of people in the world: Those who crave closure
    53. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except that they didn't figure out when they were eight that this will never work.

      Oh my, not only are you smarter then a physicist, you were smarter at 8 years old!! /sarc
      Unless you are a physicist, your opinion that this is junk science is less then worthless, it actually detracts from the conversation.

      Why dont you let us know when you hit the age of 30 instead of 8, maybe you will have a bit more common sense.

    54. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Let's see: we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo. Riiiight. Where do I send my check?

      The practical result says that it works anyway.

      I suspect that there is a balance in physics somewhere... just that no one knows where or what that is yet.

      I am kind of curious though - does it have the acceleration curve of a VASMIR/Ion engine, or can we build something with it that will give greater speed in less time?

      (...also, is the acceleration graph linear, curved sharply in either direction, hits a curve at a certain point... what?)

      If history is any indicator, it will likely be mostly linear under normal conditions and curve when the word "relativistic" becomes applicable. With rockets it is always a mass versus thrust per unit of time and is a curve when all those things are taken into account (in terms of energy required to accelerate a craft by X unit of distance / y unit of time not taking into account the diminishing mass of the craft due to expended fuel.). In Kerbal space program, the rocket that would be needed to approach relativistic speeds is , ridiculously, obscenely, impractically massive.. it is slightly larger than earth's moon! This is more of a "set it and forget it" type of drive like the ion engine that provides steady but almost imperceptible acceleration over a long period of time at a very low energy cost. Consider this, that the energy source here is not even on the level of the weak nuclear force. You cannot meet or exceed the speed of light while having any significant mass without manipulating the structure of the fabric of spacetime.It is like Burning rubber in a mustang but on an infinitely long carpet. At a point your mass works against you accelerating any faster and the energy required approaches infinity. Also realize that when an "Infinity" is invoked in any math anywhere, this is not an amount required or anything that you can point to and say is a quantity. Infinity is not a number, it is a label. In terms of math Infinity is undefined.

    55. Re:This again? by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 1

      To an outside observer. I don't think it's the same in the inertial frame.

    56. Re:This again? by danbert8 · · Score: 1

      I prefer Penn and Teller. Much more entertaining.

      --
      Yes it's an anecdote! Were you expecting original research in a Slashdot comment?
    57. Re:This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 2

      "If I were to peer-review a paper on this, I would insist on a plausible physical explanation for the claimed measurement." That's stupid. Providing proof that something interesting is happening and repeatable is viable science all on its own.

      If they simply wrote a paper saying "we noticed an anomalous force in this experimental setup, and we don't understand why", then nobody would have a problem with it. They're not doing that. They are claiming that it can be used as a reactionless propulsion system, a claim which is entirely incredible without a solid physical theory to justify it.

    58. Re:This again? by NatasRevol · · Score: 1

      So, you're limited to, what, 5000 characters and can't/won't/haven't pointed it out?

      Stop making vague insults and actually say something meaningful for or against the theory or test. Because you haven't come close to that yet.

      --
      There are two types of people in the world: Those who crave closure
    59. Re:This again? by blue+trane · · Score: 0

      Laws of conservation are derived from Thermodynamics which makes very limiting assumptions.

      Violations of conservation laws are empirically measured: Dark Energy, for example.

    60. Re:This again? by sycodon · · Score: 1

      Except the test results seem to indicate that it does.

      But then you are a world class physicist and know better than this NASA team that's been testing this device for years, eh?

      Wouldn't a more reasonable person think that there must be some interesting physics going on here instead of poo pooing the idea like a modern day Baron Kelvin.

      --
      When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
    61. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ummm no.

      See dark matter, dark energy, and high temperature superconductors. All real phenomena with no plausible physical explanation.

      Experiment >>>>> Theory.

      If you were a reviewer you should suggest more experiments to rule out a mundane explanation of the observation. If it works then theory can be developed later.

    62. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The speed of light was different in Star Trek fiction?

    63. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In other news, the Van Allen belt will prevent any manned spaceship from getting to the Moon!

    64. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The US gov agency NASA had nothing to do with the experiments here, they were conducted by a private shop that calls itself NASA Eagleworks and publishes results on a private domain (not a gov domain) called NASASpaceFlight.com. It's not what you think it is.

    65. Re:This again? by sycodon · · Score: 1


      Over 27,000 cycles of data (each 1.5 sec cycle energizing the system for 0.75 sec and de-energizing it for 0.75 sec) were averaged to obtain a power spectrum that revealed a signal frequency of 0.65 Hz with amplitude clearly above system noise. Four additional tests were successfully conducted that demonstrated repeatability.

      Is that enough?

      --
      When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
    66. Re:This again? by wiggles · · Score: 1

      > When somebody sounds like a total fucking crackpot, they almost always are.

      At this point, we need to ask if he does indeed sound like a total crackpot.

      A crackpot would say: "THIS WORKS! By mechanism xyz, this Definitely works, and you should PAY ME!"

      A real scientist would say "Umm, when I do this, it does that. Anybody know why? This doesn't make sense." Then, with enough people saying the same, things get exciting.

      The question is, are we the former or the latter? The former sounds like Rossi with his e-cat. The latter sounds like this situation. I think we're just starting to get to the exciting phase; let's hope we get more experiments to confirm what we think is happening is really happening.

    67. Re:This again? by Lord+Apathy · · Score: 1

      Tests are showing the damn thing works. When the Chinese said worked I would have rather believed there where fairies flying out someones ass. But now that NASA tests are showing repeatable results there might be something here.

      But no matter what, if the damn thing does work, it does not defy the laws of physics. It might work based on some laws we don't understand or some principal that we haven't thought of. But it isn't magic.

      --

      Supporting World Peace Through Nuclear Pacification

    68. Re:This again? by rogerbly · · Score: 1

      > Except that they didn't figure out when they were eight that this will never work.

      This one goes to 11.

    69. Re:This again? by sycodon · · Score: 1

      Whatever happened to those guys?

      --
      When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
    70. Re:This again? by dAzED1 · · Score: 1

      again, we can have a very good grasp on *what* without having a grasp on *why*, as in the example I gave: gravity. We use it as a law, it's an accepted thing in nearly any super-particle physics, yet we don't really know *why* it works. And again, as soon as we know *why* something works, that's the last paper that will ever need to be written on the subject. Every paper should explain how to repeat the experiment, with observations about the experiment. You're demanding of this paper something few - if any - papers in the history of science has ever attempted to accomplish.

    71. Re:This again? by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      Piffle, you don't need a theory to prove it works. Build a test engine in a microsat, release it in orbit, point it at the moon and fire it up. If it sits there and sputters, then yeah it's probably bogus, if on the other hand the thing accelerates for a couple of days then slams into the lunar surface, well then you've got grant money for the next 30 years easy.

    72. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When did vaccuum flux become butt specific?

    73. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Extraordinary claims require Extraordinary evidence."

      Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.

    74. Re:This again? by scubamage · · Score: 1

      Uh, no. Eagleworks is the name of an experimental propulsion lab that is part of NASA. It's located in Johnson Space Center. It is not a "private shop".

    75. Re:This again? by blue+trane · · Score: 1

      Why the fetishistic obsession with balance? Isn't anti-symmetry the reason we exist at all?

    76. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the loose cable was BS. deep down you know it.

    77. Re:This again? by PvtVoid · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You might have missed high temp super conductivity entirely then. The phenomenon was measured and replicated in many labs - but it was at least a few years before any plausible theory came out - and 20 years on we do not have firm agreement on the cause.

      Poor comparison. High-Tc superconductivity was a demonstration of a known phenomenon (zero resistance current) under new physical circumstances. A better comparison might have been the photoelectric effect, which really had no explanation under the then-known laws of electromagnetism. The explanation for the photoelectric effect in fact did require a deep and radical revision of the basic laws of physics: Quantum Mechanics. Sometimes this happens.

      These guys have not measured something which clearly requires such a revision of physics, yet they are full of breathless claims about its significance. Red flags all over the place.

    78. Re:This again? by scubamage · · Score: 1

      Well, to be fair, when someone notices that their experiments repeatably cause propulsion, it's probably not a huge stretch to say it could have applications in propulsion even if we don't know how it works. Hence the "further discussion" section of most scholarly journals.

    79. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      if the damn thing does work, it does not defy the laws of physics

      Physics is not defined by laws. Physics merely is. Humans are the only ones making the laws and principles as a (hopefully) reasonably accurate representation of what is.

      Oh and your definition of magic might also need adjusting using the same declination.

    80. Re:This again? by BCGlorfindel · · Score: 2

      "If I were to peer-review a paper on this, I would insist on a plausible physical explanation for the claimed measurement." That's stupid. Providing proof that something interesting is happening and repeatable is viable science all on its own. I've read quite a lot of highly-respected papers from highly-respected people in highly-respected journals which did nothing other than document a pattern of behavior without explanation. In fact, most scientists I know will say they rarely ever really think they know *why* something happened, but that doesn't stop them from wanting to know. Some things get thousands of perfectly cromulent papers written prior to anyone really having a firm grasp on the "why" - hell, if you have the "why" then you probably have the last paper that will ever need to be written on the subject. Even farking *gravity* is still a bit of a mystery. We're pretty good on exactly *how* it works, but the *why* that you insist is necessary, for even something we all pretend to understand, isn't really yet known.

      Dr. Schweitzer will tell you the same thing. She found what looked like soft tissue in a T-Rex bone back in 1993 and published her results, in shock herself and knowing that it was impossible to really be that. She checked and rechecked to rule out contamination and other causes, never finding one. The entire scientific community though refused the possibility it was soft tissue because Schweitzer couldn't explain how it could be preserved. By the year 2000 though she'd found the same results from enough other fossils that she's finally getting some traction and it's now starting to be taken by others as true, and there is new research now into how the heck it has happened. Not many people would carry that a decade.

    81. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This would hardly imply that "all of physics is wrong." It could just be a part of physics we don't fully understand yet. What's that? We understand it all? OK. Nevermind.

    82. Re:This again? by Lobachevsky · · Score: 1

      Since the device is a thruster, the question should probably be interpreted as asking whether 2x the electricity means you get to velocity k in 1/2 the time. And, well, since no one really knows how any thrust at all is being generated off virtual particles, it's conjecture that the thrust output scales linearly with electricity, though "locally linear" makes sense, with some likely non-linear relationship at absurdly large scales of electricity.

    83. Re:This again? by mikael · · Score: 1

      The system bounces microwaves inside a cone. When a photon hits the base of the cone, that pushes the vehicle forward as it bounces backwards. But the conical shape means that the next "bounce" of the photon will be distributed between a sideways movement and a small backwards movement. But because of the circular shape of the cone, the sideways movements cancel out. The forwards force is greater than the backwards force, so the final velocity is forwards.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    84. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's not the line.

      They've gone to plaid!

    85. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Take that back! That's an insult to Chimps!

    86. Re:This again? by Man+On+Pink+Corner · · Score: 1

      Area man still remembers a couple of guys named Pons and Fleischmann.

    87. Re:This again? by Rei · · Score: 0

      Oh hey, since we've got (assumedly) a lot of physics nerds on this thread, and because my mind hasn't suddenly stopped being curious about random topics even though I grew old: here's one of my more recent things that left me with unanswered questions:

      One of the commonly cited tritium-generating reactions is 7Li+n(>2.466 MeV) -> 4He + 3H. But is 7Li not also capable of transmutation to 8Li via slow neutron capture? If so would that not yield a 16.004 MeV beta to 8Be, and then immediately into 2 alphas with an additional energy of 0.092 MeV? If so, is there not potential for a future nuclear reactor? Spallation currently yields neutrons for about 25MeV each. If one could cut that in half or less - which I don't see any laws of physics in the way, just improvements in accelerator efficiencies and the spallation process - could this not yield a net positive, using direct deceleration/capture of the beta to generate power without having to suffer Carnot losses? And if so, would that not be a very desireable reactor - nonproliferative, abundant fuel, harmless waste, high ratio of fuel to energy conversion, direct spacecraft thrust possibilities, etc? Or am I totally off base here?

      --
      Sigur RÃs: I didn't know that Heaven had a rock band.
    88. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In my lifetime nothing really new in applied physics..
      Except Quantum tunneling.
      Something that until very recently would have been considered crazy..
      The idea that if you throw something at a wall enough times it will simply 'appear' on the other side of the wall some small %of the time...
      Impossible!
      What like it just 'transports' to the other side of the wall?

      YES

      Not only is it true, it is the number one barrier to smaller MOSFET transistors.
      In actuality Quantum Tunneling is happening to electrons in the CPU in the PC I use to write this millions, maybe billions of times a second.

      Then comes: TFET
      Quantum Tunneling Field Effect Transistors.
      They are real..
      They work, and the next gen of processors will not only have to take Quantum Tunneling into account but will directly rely on it.

      I point this out because Quantum Tunneling was just a quirky prediction of Quantum Mechanics mostly ignored by the wider science and engineering community and was thought of as just a mathematical 'parlor trick'... Until people started actually making components small enough and threw enough electrons at them with a sensitive enough of a system that it became apparent as a real phenomena with real-world implications.

      Perhaps this new drive works and it is just using an odd corner of physics that no one really explored before fully, or perhaps our understand of physics is fundamentally wrong on some level.

      Or.. it's junk.. I'd be sad if it is junk.

    89. Re:This again? by blue+trane · · Score: 1

      "When somebody sounds like a total fucking crackpot, they almost always are."

      Aristarchus of Samos sounded like a total fucking crackpot, and if you had called him out your prediction would have been right - for a couple millennia.

      What if instead of taking your attitude, the Greeks had devoted their energy to developing better sensors to test Aristarchus's claims about the parallax motion of the stars? Instead of sitting around calling him a crackpot, we could have had an accepted heliocentric model of the solar system some 1800 years before Copernicus.

    90. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean like this one from last year at NASA?
      http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140006052

      Don't confuse science news reporting with scientific reports

    91. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OK, so:
      The fabric of the universe tears open and flesh eating spiders start flowing out by the billions devouring everything in their path.
      There you are, at the top of Mt. Everest with me.
      We are the last two living people on the plant.

      We look down from our peak at the billions of inter-dimensional spiders moving like a great flowing sea of nightmare up the sides of the craggy mountain.
      I say to you:

      "Good thing there is no plausible physical explanation for this.. Otherwise we might get eaten....."

    92. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "some principal that we haven't thought of."

      Maybe Mr Weatherbee? He was a principal. Maybe you meant "principle"?

    93. Re:This again? by rfengr · · Score: 1

      Ha ha, I was 6 I was going to wire a motor to a generator, then connect them via belt, and watch them run forever. Dad explained to me about perpetual motion. Next idea was to take a bunch of one-way mirrors, and make a box of them to trap light.

    94. Re:This again? by roc97007 · · Score: 1

      Right. But this is the era of "one weird trick" and "this revelation shocked scientists" and other wishful thinking. If you can't work "This is the most important video you will ever watch" into the article, nobody will pay attention.

      --
      Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
    95. Re:This again? by sconeu · · Score: 1

      If you're accelerating, you're not in an inertial frame.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    96. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, this cannot defy the laws of physics. It can violate the known laws of physics, but that merely speaks to our incomplete knowledge.

      All observed phenomena obey the laws of physics. By definition.

    97. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But it isn't magic.

      Sure it is.

      If it works and you don't know why, that's pretty much the definition of magic.

      Also, I propose renaming astronauts to cosmomancers and issuing them cool robes to wear while lounging around in the employee break room.

    98. Re:This again? by thesupraman · · Score: 1

      Area man bases all decisions on the first popular media example that strings to mind.

    99. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, it's a sailboat with a nuclear-powered fan pointing at the sail. That seems logical in space, where a medium like water is lacking.

    100. Re:This again? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      The creationists must have done good work in america to destroy the "faith" in science!

      That's not it so much as the fact that pop science "skeptics" don't believe something works until Neil Degrasse Tyson and James Randi say it works.

      There is nothing scientific about pop skepticism. It's entirely about hero worship and being a dick.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    101. Re:This again? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      Hint: there's a very, very good reason why it is not in a peer-reviewed journal.

      And what is that reason?

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    102. Re:This again? by naasking · · Score: 1

      Let's see: we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo.

      If the observations are confirmed and not explained (which is currently the case), there's still something to talk about. So yes, this again.

    103. Re:This again? by mikael · · Score: 1

      With Newtonian physics, if we could find something that wasn't symmetrical with regards to conservation of motion, we have a perpetual motion system and unlimited energy. So far, every process that converts energy from one form to another always has some loss due to friction or heat.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    104. Re:This again? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      I really need one of those for my car ASAP.

      Forget the car. I'm packing for Alpha Centauri. By the way, anyone know what the weather is in Alpha Centauri? I mean, will I need a sweater?

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    105. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I mean, it DOES work.. So just because you don't understand it does not stop it from working.

      No. It doesn't. They turn power on, and see measurement results that they don't expect. Until they either launch it into space and actually see a propulsive effect, or have a reasonable explanation of what mechanism is actually in play here with matching data, they just have a weird device that produces anomalous readings. A device cannot be considered to work unless you've either tested it in its actual intended environment, or can explain why your artificial test sufficiently approximates your intended environment to be considered valid.

    106. Re: This again? by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 5, Insightful

      So you're one of the swags that believes all physics is right? Puh-leeze lets make up some more shit like dark matter an dark energy to make it so!

      Any time you have an assumption based on physical laws, it must be able to be tested and measured and accounted for and predicted, and if the prediction based on those physical "laws" differs from what is observed, one must first, check their math for errors, check their method of measurement and if all of that checks out to be accurate to ask questions along the lines of: "What are the implications of what we have observed and measured and verified here?" or as Einstein asked "What would the universe be like if it operates the way we have observed it to here?" This is what allows science to side step conundrums based on incorrect assumptions and asking poorly worded questions that lead research astray and into asking the "Wrong questions". Before Einstein, the question was "Why does light always seem to be moving the same speed regardless of the point of view or movement of the observer with respect to that light, when we know that it can't?" That is a poorly worded question, because it assumes that what we know, but that we are unable to use to explain what we observe is correct, when it is likely it is not correct. This is why I hate the term "Laws of Physics" because it implies that they way we understand the universe is the way it operates, when these "Laws" are just our shorthand for documenting and understanding what we observe. This is also not to imply that when someone says "This breaks the laws of physics!" that they are pulling a James Dean, rebel attitude and getting something for nothing, it really, most likely means someone does not fully understand the thing they are dealing with and some corrections will be needed to science books of the future. As HAL9000 said in 2001, A Space Odyssey, "The problem can only be attributable to human error."

    107. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This isn't junk science. This is junk sensationalized journalism reporting about science. Rest assured that if any agency capable of orbital launches was actually confident in the merits of this device, it would be in orbit within the month.

    108. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Moron detected. Actually read the article.

    109. Re:This again? by avgjoe62 · · Score: 4, Informative

      You might want to look at this nice summary from Reddit of all the experiments performed in China and at NASA about these drives:

      The FACTS as we currently know them about the EmDrive and Cannae Drive

      --

      How come Slashdot never gets Slashdotted?

    110. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Oh hey, since we've got (assumedly) a lot of physics nerds on this thread"

      You don't. You have a lot of morons in this thread.

    111. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      But the conical shape means that the next "bounce" of the photon will be distributed between a sideways movement and a small backwards movement. But because of the circular shape of the cone, the sideways movements cancel out. The forwards force is greater than the backwards force, so the final velocity is forwards.

      Do realize that after the glancing blow, the photon will continue to move towards the narrow end of the cavity, and continue to bounce against the angled walls, producing a cumulative effect equaling the initial impact on the wide end of the cavity, dropping your net impulse back to zero. Classical mechanics says this doesn't work, so if you want to postulate a theory on its operation, you need to do it using something more complex than classical mechanics.

    112. Re:This again? by Stenboj · · Score: 0

      C'mon, guys, it's radiation pressure; all conventional physics and it really can work. A photon of energy hv carries momentum hv/c where c is the speed of light. A beam of EM radiation of power W exerts a reaction force of W/c on the object that emits it. Each photon is a bit of energy, which is equivalent to a bit of mass as Einstein taught us. So yes, something is being ejected - photons. And yes the craft gets lighter as they leave. The craft really is using up reaction mass, and energy to accelerate it. It really does work for the same reason that a conventional rocket works. The only weird thing is that the exhaust velocity is the speed of light, so the specific impulse of the "fuel" is about 30 million seconds, not a few hundred as with chemical fuels. So the craft gets lighter very slowly. This is the natural engine for a nuclear powered long-mission spacecraft. It is hard to make much thrust this way, but you don't use up your fuel very fast. This electromagnetic thrust is well known to guys designing solar power satellites; the expected thrust from 10GW of power beam is 33 Newtons. Sunlight being absorbed by the solar panels exerts an even larger force. Another effect of light pressure is the force on a solar sail. (A so-called radiometer spinner is a quite different effect that you can look up.) Remember the spacecraft (Voyager?) that was experiencing anomalous acceleration in the outer solar system when the expected accelerations were extremely small? A thermal power generator was radiating its waste head in mostly one direction. Add in the tiny thrust from that and it all came out even. So this effect has even been tested in space, although unintentionally.

    113. Re:This again? by cbhacking · · Score: 1

      That's an excellent example. Gravity is still, in some ways, a mysteroius answer. We know a lot about it, and we can use what we know to make a lot of predictions, but we also know there's a lot that we don't know, and some of our theories about its properties are better termed guesses than predictions.

      Now, obviously the EmDrive is far more mysterious than gravity, both because it's much more conceptually novel and unexplored, and because we can really easily detect there's *something* causing the effect called gravity while only a handful of labs around the world are equipped to test the thrust of an EmDrive. I'm not attempting to equate the two. But, as you say, the actual mechanism of gravity has never been observed directly, and the theories about it are still unconfirmed. Similarly, the EmDrive offers some (much less mature) theories as to its operation, but nobody has actually been able to confirm or deny those theories.

      Of course, the EmDrive itself hasn't been confirmed yet, at least not to the degree that makes it practical for anything real-world. We have repeatable experiments saying that emitting microwaves into a specially-shaped resonant cavity causes a *tiny* thrust, and we've accounted for some of the likely errors in the experiment (atmosphere, whether the same result happens with a dummy load that doesn't generate the microwaves, etc.), but as of writing this, we have no direct evidence that it scales to useful sizes.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    114. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But if the correct answer is (2) then it's cork-popping time, because you have discovered new science.

      I say you've discovered new science either way, so pop that cork, we've got some drinking to do!

    115. Re:This again? by cerberusti · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That is pretty close to what is going on.

      There are now several experiments which confirm the production of thrust, many efforts to falsify the results, and a few efforts to come up with a theory which explains what we are seeing. There may be another test or two on the ground, but the first real space trial is likely coming soon. The only real way to be sure is to launch one and measure the dv.

      I had the same thought they did initially, which is that convection of air was responsible for their thrust. That will not happen in vacuum, so that idea is right out.

      This is a very promising experimental result, following several other very promising experimental results from different labs. I would say there is now serious evidence that this works, or at least that there is more to it than we can easily explain given our current understanding of physics.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    116. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Difference:

      Pons and Fleischmann announce, others try to reproduce, fail.

      vs.

      British engineer announces, China tries to reproduce and succeeds, NASA tries to reproduce and succeeds. Supposedly BAE Systems, EADS Astrium, Siemens and the IEE have also gotten positive results.

      Of course, there is still a lot of work to be done to see if it isn't some other effect contaminating the data.

    117. Re:This again? by CaptainLugnuts · · Score: 4, Funny

      On the actual surface of Alpha Centauri? Probably not.

    118. Re:This again? by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 0

      TL;DR; if White didn't understand the issues with his setup the first time around (vacuum wasn't the biggest), I don't trust him to make a meaningful measurement this time either.

      The biggest question I had wasn't whether this would work in a vacuum, it was whether this was really an "anomolous" electromagnetic torque against the steel vacuum chamber due to improper shielding of the RF the thing radiates out combined with the effect of piping the RF in from outside the balance (ie the wires carrying the RF lines stiffenning in a weird way when carrying current).

    119. Re:This again? by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 1

      No one would ask you to since you have no experience in the field...

    120. Re:This again? by cerberusti · · Score: 2

      Their measured force is far greater than radiation pressure could explain (around 1 newton /kW now, expected to be 500-1000 newtons per kW with some refinement if their current theories are correct), and it was not tested in sunlight as far as I know.

      It cannot be simple radiation pressure, of this NASA is certain.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    121. Re:This again? by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 1

      Stop being willfully moronic.

      NOTHING is known to be IMPOSSIBLE. It is fundamentally impossible to prove something is impossible.

      What we have reported here is an interesting experimental result that is being tested as it should be.

      It is too soon to cry "Eureka!" but also too soon to be pontificating as if you have a clue about this which you quite obviously don't.

    122. Re:This again? by cerberusti · · Score: 1

      If I remember correctly they oriented the first one (in atmosphere) in several different directions during the test in order to rule this out.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    123. Re:This again? by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 1

      Given some of the responses to my above statement I totally agree.

      And just to prove I am the bigger Simian:

      I apologise unreservedly to all chimps everywhere for any insult that was taken from my statements. I see the error of my ways and am happy to state that, given the evidence that has come to light, that chimps are far and away more valuable to our world than almost all the mouth breathers I have witnessed on the internet.

      Live long and prosper.

    124. Re:This again? by cbhacking · · Score: 1

      No offense, but even an AP physics class could point out that this doesn't make any sense. Yes, the perpendicular (sideways) moments (instances of thrust imparted by bouncing particles) would cancel out, but the thrusts at the normal to the back plate (that is, inline) would also cancel out. The inline component of the thrust has to exactly equal the inline-but-opposite component of the thrust caused by the bounce. You don't get to start out the set of all emitted photons with a net velocity in one direction.

      If you think about it in terms of where the particles end up, it's pretty obvious this doesn't work: if there's always more thrust on the front side of the chamber (towards the thruster) than on the back, then that means the photons would all end up at the back of the chamber. For that to happen, the back of the chamber must have absorbed their perpendicular components towards itself, or the particles would have bounced back to the front of the chamber. But that would produce a thrust pushing the back plate away, which (since it's attached to the whole assembly) would counter the forward thrust.

      Also, your idea just flat-out doesn't make sense: the sloped section is the forward part of the thruster (the cone points in the direction of travel). The back plate perpendicular to the direction of thrust. By what you're saying, the full component of the particle's bounce-imparted momentum would be acting *against* forward thrust, while only part of the thrust in the other direction would. The net thrust would be opposite the observed direction.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    125. Re:This again? by Earthquake+Retrofit · · Score: 1

      ... Next idea was to take a bunch of one-way mirrors, and make a box of them to trap light.

      This actually works but there needs to be cat inside the box.

      --
      Fifty years of Yippie! 1968-2018
    126. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 2

      "They" are many different people here. The experiment has been reproduced by, what, five different teams all across the world by now? As I understand, only the guy with the original idea is making outlandish claims; everyone else is just trying to figure out what the hell is going on.

      One observation that the other teams did make is that the observed output seems to be scaling nonlinearly with input, which implies that there's a peak of efficiency. They have a model that tries to guess what that is, which seems to be consistent with the results to date. If that model is right, the peak efficiency is very high - high enough for practical uses not just in space. That is speculation, of course, but it's strictly fact-driven (and comes with a very big "if" - if the engine actually works by itself).

      The rest of it is the usual journalist pop sci.

    127. Re:This again? by captnjohnny1618 · · Score: 1

      Things are so much easier now that scientists invented magic!

    128. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      The "intended environment" is not necessarily space. If it produces thrust (which it does, since that's what they are measuring), it doesn't matter where it does that, it's still useful work that can be tapped.

    129. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I pray that it's actually fairies flying out of somebody's ass. Then we'd have to hear Neil Degrasse Tyson explaining it on Cosmos.

    130. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      The acceleration graph is definitely not linear. They have tried to model the relation so far, and if it holds, then it will peak at about 1 newton per watt, which is insane if it really works that way - forget ion thrusters, we could throw away the car engines!

    131. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      As long as you don't change power input, acceleration is always linear.

      I assume the question was rather whether acceleration (i.e. force) scales linearly with power input. In the experiment, it did not.

    132. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      Consider, for example, the momentum from a photon. We can clearly generate photons through, say, an LED, emit them, and increase momentum of one object without a violation of the conservation of momentum. The thing is that we don't think that energy has momentum

      Of course energy has momentum. Photons, in particular, have momentum. That's why there's nothing strange about the experiment as you describe it - you increase the momentum of your rocket, but that increase is exactly counterbalanced by the momentum of the emitted photon. And when that photon hits something eventually, it will transmit its momentum to that thing etc. Overall, momentum is conserved, not just "right now", but at any future point. This doesn't seem to be the case with this engine.

    133. Re:This again? by Whiteox · · Score: 1

      I agree. Some advanced high school physics can explain more.
      There is a 3rd option here. That is of force vectors. e.g. repulsion between a number of fixed coils @ 45 degrees to each other in the shape of a cone, causes a magnetic field. The simple vector calculation would show that the field is pushed outward, away from the coils like the shape of a rocket exhaust.
      What if you replace the coils with a cone* of electrons? As the repulsive force between parallel streams of electrons is enormous yet shaped as a cone, the repulsive force pushes the electrons away from the center of the cone, outside the cone itself. Again, it is easy to visualize the vectors here. A CRT only uses a single stream of electrons. Add another stream and the resultant force between them will push them away from each other. Nothing remarkable here.
      But what if you contain the electrons with an external magnetic field, pushing the repulsive force back toward the center?
      You will have force acting on nothing. No law was broken. The electrons are contained, moving from the apex of the cone to its base. The repulsive force is directed out of the base. There are no particles emitted, just force.

      There's no magic in this. If you think about it, this force vector engine can have quite a few applications.

      *The cone is actually a funnel within a funnel, sealed at the apex and base. The electron streams are in a vacuum between the walls of the funnels, moving from apex to base.

      --
      Don't be apathetic. Procrastinate!
    134. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      A few physicists have already ripped it apart (and the fact that the physics is unsound is why it took so long for anyone to actually try to properly reproduce it). Basically, the thing may well work, but if it does work, it's very unlikely that the explanation that its inventor has provided is legitimate.

    135. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 4, Informative

      Note that this is the fifth experiment so far that has reproduced the effect (and every new experiment tries to account for some explanation that could possibly invalidate the previous one; e.g. for the last one, they ran it in vacuum).

    136. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      Are you saying that you would completely ignore the repeatedly reproducible result of an experiment if there were no good theoretical physical explanation for said result?

      I mean, it's your choice, but it sounds extremely stupid. If the thing works, figuring out why it works is definitely a very interesting question well worth devoting resources to, but making it useful doesn't require fully understanding the theory.

    137. Re:This again? by ericloewe · · Score: 5, Informative

      Wrong.

      Conservation of linear momentum is most certainly NOT derived from Thermodynamics.

      Conservation of linear momentum is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry - in other words, momentum is conserved if the laws of physics are invariant in space. Similarly, angular momentum is conserved if the laws of physics are invariant by rotation.

    138. Re:This again? by cbhacking · · Score: 2

      First of all, you need to be careful of your pronouns. "They" the inventor of the device is mostly just saying it can be used to replace satellite thrusters, which would be a huge weight saving (no need for maneuvering or stationkeeping fuel). "They" NASA are saying that, *if* it scales up the way their current model says (yes, they have one), then after a lot of refinement and with a nuclear reactor powering it, this thing could produce hundreds of Newtons of thrust at a scale that would be feasible for spacecraft propulsion. Some people have worked out, based on the predicted thrust and the likely mass of such a craft generating that thrust, that it can be used to reach Alpha Centauri in under a century. The first of these is an obvious use case for anything that can generate a tiny thrust for a long time. The second is a straightforward application of the current-best (though probably still in need of major refinement) model of thrust detected to power input, which has been measured. The model is a guess, but the fact that more power = more thrust has been demonstrated; it is, as you say, a concrete fact. The third thing - the starship drive - is simply once again a straightforward application of the results of the model. Nobody is saying that the EmDrive makes starships possible, just that if we *had* a starship, and if it was propelled by an EmDrive that corresponds to the current model of power output, then it could reach Alpha Centauri in N years. That's simple mathematics; you can do the same for chemical rockets or solar sails or any other form of propulsion that works in vacuum.

      Second, I don't know why you're calling the idea of scaling up an observed result "delusional". The first Wright Flyer could barely get one person off the ground for a few seconds, flew slower than a horse could run, and was so fragile that it was shattered by a gust of wind after only four flights. But, once you've demonstrated that it *works* - that heavier-than-air flight is actually possible (which should have been obvious to everybody, given that birds and bats and insects exist, but plenty of people thought humans would never achieve it) - then scaling that up to WW2 bombers was pretty straightforward: more-powerful-for-their-weight engines (the Wright brothers had to design their own engine; the existing ones at the time didn't have enough power to weight ratio), stronger-for-their-weight materials, lots of refinements to the design (the Wright brothers pioneered the use of wind tunnels and used them to fix several significant errors in the equations that govern aspects of flight like lift, but their first Flyer was still a very primitive design with many compromises or outright flaws), and other simple, iterative improvements. Breaking the sound barrier was a bigger challenge than getting across the ocean in one flight, in terms of theoretical challenges. All this from a craft that could barely get one guy a few hundred feet down a beach.

      If somebody had watched the Wright Flyer and said "one day, people will be able to fly to Europe from the US in less than a day" would you have called them "totally delusional" too?

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    139. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Big difference.

      You built it and tested it and got no thrust, other 8 year olds built it, tested it and also got no thrust. Conclusion: Your idea didn't work.

      They built it and tested it and others have built it and tested it, and all have appeared to have produced thrust. Conclusion: Seems to work, lets figure out why.

      See the difference?

      They don't know why, clearly say they don't know why, and suggest we should look at it some more. Seems to me they are doing exactly what scientists should be doing.

    140. Re:This again? by NostalgiaForInfinity · · Score: 1

      When an experiment contradicts a theory, there are two possibilities

      This experiment doesn't contradict any theory, it only contradicts the Platonic ideal of the vacuum and flat spacetime that Einstein used in the Theory of Relativity. In the real world, all we can say is that there is no good explanation how this setup could generate this amount of force.

      Most likely, it's an experimental error, and few people are willing to waste much time on such out-there experiments. But it's good that some people are daring and check up on this stuff.

    141. Re:This again? by rahvin112 · · Score: 2

      The more reproductions without someone figuring out what's wrong with the test the more likely it is that it's not the test that's wrong.

      This engine is interesting on many fronts, the most important of which is it appears to violate what we know about conservation of momentum and IF it does it's going to actually point to some fundamental constant or principle of the universe that we've missed as long as it's not an experimental error. This is a big hurdle to take so it's going to take a LOT of evidence there is no mistakes with the test or engine.

      Could be pretty cool if it turns out real. We won't need to ever worry about fuel for satellites and all you would need to travel to mars or even Pluto or even another star would be an energy source that would last the length of the journey. I wouldn't be surprised to see the DOD put one of these into space ASAP to find out if the work, it would revolutionize spy satellites if they don't have to worry about propulsion fuel.

    142. Re:This again? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      Basically, the thing may well work, but if it does work, it's very unlikely that the explanation that its inventor has provided is legitimate.

      If it works, then the explanation the inventor provided is irrelevant. Someone else will come up with a better explanation. I doubt anyone would say, "we shouldn't continue testing this EM engine thingy because we don't know why it works."

      Sometimes, it's better to be lucky than good, you know?

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    143. Re:This again? by ganv · · Score: 1

      It is very hard to believe that they are going to send a propulsion system into space without a clear understanding of how it works. They claim that they have a device that violates very basic physics. They shouldn't be thinking about space flight at all. They should be asking the best experimentalists in RF cavities to collaborate with them to win the Nobel prize that will be given to anyone who shows a human scale object that violates the known laws of physics. It would be easily the most important discovery of the last 50 years. But for that same reason, it is 99.9% likely to be a misinterpretation of their experimental results.

    144. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The theory to explain it is there, it's just no one believes the theory without experimental evidence. It's 'just' a corner case of relativity if it works, just a dropped term in an expansion if it doesn't ;).

      It is worth putting the effort in to test, our economy is based on electricity which was also a corner case of a corner case of physics until the engineering came along to exploit it.

    145. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is what they did. All the "fluff pieces" are written by outside media based on a few highly technical posts on an obscure forum where experimental propulsion researches talk to each other. It's a community of individuals working in near total obscurity, not some PR machine. I follow the board due to personal interest, but it's enormously boring stuff for a layman - people trying to figure out how to build these devices, and what they may actually be doing, spending months following some lead and rebuilding the machine with some tweaks, only to see no effect whatsoever. The existence of thrust is questionable, the conjectures on what may be causing it are almost certainly wrong, but they keep working on it and hoping for *some* kind of predictable results so that real research can begin.

    146. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      Yes, of course. I don't support this ridiculous notion that we shouldn't try to get something useful out of the experiment just because we can't explain the theory.

    147. Re:This again? by cerberusti · · Score: 1

      The fact that the anomalous readings are net thrust is pretty encouraging.

      Launching things into space is expensive, devices intended for space are harder to design, and it makes the experiment harder to run and measure. Better to run some tests on the ground first, produce a model on which they can base a more efficient design, test that design in order to maximize the thrust they can easily get, then go design an actual test spacecraft (which will probably be tiny, and take some time to do.)

      A series of promising results on the ground are a good sign, and are what make it worthy of the further work and expense necessary to test it in the intended environment. I am sure someone will get around to launching a test vehicle in due time if nobody comes up with a better explanation for the results than generation of thrust.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    148. Re:This again? by cerberusti · · Score: 1

      This isn't junk science. This is junk sensationalized journalism reporting about science. Rest assured that if any agency capable of orbital launches was actually confident in the merits of this device, it would be in orbit within the month.

      Most of those are governments... Maybe you are hoping SpaceX will make this a priority as a non income generating research project? If not, I think there is an important life lesson about the speed at which government agencies and their contractors accomplish tasks in your future.

      With five years is more likely, assuming a better explanation which makes it useless as propulsion is not found. Maybe within a year if it gets the attention of those who create the budget.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    149. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When the times are most desperate, the balance will be returned by an adopted son of a farmer from a desert farming community.

    150. Re:This again? by jythie · · Score: 1

      The experiment being discussed was done at a NASA lab by NASA people.

    151. Re:This again? by jythie · · Score: 1

      Actually, I would describe the US Navy as being pretty crackpot heavy. ONR houses a rather.. ahm.. special.. community of researchers who go down all sorts of off the wall paths.

    152. Re:This again? by Peristaltic · · Score: 1

      I really need one of those for my car ASAP.

      Sounds like you need some Flubber?

    153. Re: This again? by DigiShaman · · Score: 2

      Well in that case, I've got plenty of Comcast bills to donate. They just need to be paid in full.

      --
      Life is not for the lazy.
    154. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And, some pedant will correct me, but *they* includes BAE, Lockheed, NASA, and agencies in China.

      Heavy hitters that have no reason to stand around in a circle jerking each other off over junk.

      They all measured thrust. They all wanted to prove they were smarter than the morons who measured thrust.

      At this point, thrust is more likely than not. This could be so Nobel they create a new award class for such discoveries.

    155. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did they have an idea when they built it ? Has that idea been disproven, while the device apparently works ?

      Between this quantum effect drive, and the cold fusion device we could be coming to the next great leap in technology.

    156. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bah! Humbug! I'm so skeptical and negative, I must be highly intelligent!

    157. Re:This again? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      Which is very good but the yelping of "four days to Mars" distracts a lot from something that may have implications or may not. I know you are not doing the yelping, but there's enough of it about to obscure the issue and have anyone who asks "I wonder what is really going on in that machine" yelled down as a luddite.
      In a few years there may be an opportunity to put something like this above the atmosphere and see what happens.

    158. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. This is definitely Roswell technology!

    159. Re:This again? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      NASA had a manager forced on them who was most definitely a crackpot, but aside from that crackpot ideas do occasionally turn up in respectable places.
      Back when I was working in a University mechanical engineering department we had one of those massive fuel saving engine nuts, who was also a famous artist, turn up with his modified car engine that was tuned to idle instead of running under load. Sure enough, it didn't use much fuel, but that's because the power output was buggerall and you couldn't use it for anything. The artist was very paranoid that we would steal his useless work but we managed to work out what he'd done just the same and we had to break it to him gently that it wouldn't have been interesting news in 1880.
      So whether this is the next big thing or just something weird just having it tested by NASA is no sign of validity, it's what NASA say about it that matters. At the moment they are still saying it's something weird. That could go somewhere, but not "four days to Mars" as yet.

    160. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not in the sweded version...

    161. Re:This again? by dbIII · · Score: 2

      It took me years before I came to the conclusion that I have no clue how high temp super conductivity works. We've got some ideas that match what happens in one material and then another material that couldn't possibly conduct with that theory goes and does it. I'm no expert but I've been following it for a few decades and made up and examined some of the cheaper to fabricate materials.

    162. Re:This again? by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      Within the realm of laws of physics that people are really, really sure of, it's impossible. Don't be wilfully moronic. This means it's going to take a lot of convincing, and it almost certainly isn't a real effect, but it's going to be a real big thing if it is.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    163. Re:This again? by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      We already know about photon thrust. As a practical matter, it sucks as a space drive, since the amount of momentum we get from a given amount of energy is pitiful. This engine is claimed to produce a lot more thrust than a photon engine, which means it isn't just transferring momentum to photons.

      Are you talking about virtual particle pairs? Where does the momentum go when they vanish? Bear in mind that they appear and vanish faster than we can directly notice them, so how is momentum transferred, and how is it conserved over, say, a millisecond?

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    164. Re:This again? by scottbomb · · Score: 1

      Unless you're like me and purposely ignore such garbage. AND YOU WON'T BELIEVE WHAT HAPPENS NEXT!

    165. Re:This again? by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 1

      Unless it's Clarkeian magic. Then you need a sufficiently advanced scientist to explain it.

    166. Re:This again? by scottbomb · · Score: 4, Informative

      There are several medications doctors prescribe although they and even the researchers that invented them don't how or why they work.

    167. Re:This again? by krashnburn200 · · Score: 2

      obligatory, something something land at night.

    168. Re:This again? by krashnburn200 · · Score: 1

      Woosh....

    169. Re:This again? by joe_frisch · · Score: 1

      There are a number of concepts for accelerator driven nuclear reactors. Nothing fundamentally crazy, just none have been made practical yet. I don't know if there is enough room to increase the efficiency of generating and collecting neutrons - it may be that you just can't quite get there. Similar situation to muon catalyzed fusion. It *almost* works, but the muons stick to the helium after it is formed and you can't quite come up with a scheme where it is a net energy producer.

      Theses sorts of concepts are being looked at - they may eventually get one to be practical, but so far no.

    170. Re:This again? by joe_frisch · · Score: 1

      If you use energy to create real particles out of virtual ones, you are building something very like a photon drive. Its just like an LED converting electricity to matter (photons). Those photons produce thrust - but the thrust / power is extremely tiny. This limit applies to any sort of particles you might produce.

    171. Re:This again? by sjames · · Score: 1

      Or it's managing to accelerate something on the opposite direction. It's clearly not air. Perhaps it's this "dark energy" or "dark matter" that doesn't get half the skepticism here even with sparse evidence. Or perhaps it actually is virtual particles. Would it really be all that shocking that there's something about the quantum foam that we don't know yet?

      It could be that there is a more conventional explanation. Perhaps not. But stomping and saying impossible won't get us anywhere. Nor will throwing out unsupported theories as if they were established fact. That's not science at all.

      Personally, I'd like for the next run to measure electrostatic and magnetic effects though honestly, I doubt that would explain it.

    172. Re:This again? by joe_frisch · · Score: 1

      I have spent my life (or at least 35 years) studying physics and doing experiments, many of which include high power microwaves.

      There are a lot of ways for them to have gotten this wrong, and it violates very fundamental physics principals. They can publish in a refereed journal with enough details to satisfy other physicists if they really have something.

    173. Re:This again? by tlambert · · Score: 2

      It is very hard to believe that they are going to send a propulsion system into space without a clear understanding of how it works.

      We send drivers on the road every day who don't have a clear idea how cars work.

      Knowing how something works is nice, but not knowing how it works won't diminish its utility, so long as it *does*.

      We use gravity daily to generate hydroelectric power. Ask a group of physicists how gravity works. We have the math for it, but we don't have the story of it. Either way, the lights come on when the water weight is converted from potential to kinetic energy, and we are still damned if we know the mechanism of conversion. If we did, we'd al be riding around on hoverboards.

    174. Re:This again? by shutdown+-p+now · · Score: 1

      I think that the people who are actually doing the real work here (i.e. the scientists) all have fairly realistic expectations. The rest of us can party if it makes us feel better, and it won't hurt if the end result is increased funding for science in general. And if nothing happens in the end, well, there won't be any more articles, and in a month everyone except for those genuinely interested will forget it was even there (well, there will also be the occasional science freak posting about it on Slashdot in every future story on space propulsion, but that's what Slashdot is for).

    175. Re:This again? by ClickOnThis · · Score: 3, Informative

      Conservation of linear momentum is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry - in other words, momentum is conserved if the laws of physics are invariant in space. Similarly, angular momentum is conserved if the laws of physics are invariant by rotation.

      And energy is conserved if the system is invariant over a translation in time.

      Hooray for Emmy Noether.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    176. Re:This again? by cheesybagel · · Score: 1

      Dude. White did the best he could with the money he had. Not everyone has the facilities to conduct those kinds of tests.

    177. Re:This again? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      However excessive hype leads to "fatigue" and we end up with the "don't tell me about it until I can buy it at Walmart" attitude creeping into even places like this.

    178. Re:This again? by funkyb · · Score: 1

      Good on you for mentioning that. The correspondence between symmetry and conservation laws has always been one of my favorite takeaways from the undergrad years. Good stuff that.

    179. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nicely done.

    180. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just remember kids... if you break the laws of society, you get punished. If you break the laws of nature, you get a nobel prize.

    181. Re:This again? by Will.Woodhull · · Score: 1

      Your logic is sound for an eight year old. More mature logic has to deal with the fact that the drive does appear to work.

      Try looking up Casimir-Polder force on wikipedia, for another example of quantum level physics producing classical level forces. Oh, I just did that for you.

      While in a classical sense these phenomena appear to involve breakage in conservation of momentum, that apparent loss of momentum might well be explained through some aspect of quantum foam behavior. Can energy waves be transferred through quantum foam? Why would that not act like any other medium?

      I'm guessing that as we learn more about manipulating quantum events like this drive and Casimir plates, we will get a better understanding of dark energy. But what do I know. I'm much more into woo-woo metaphysics than classical physics or quantum mechanics.

      --
      Will
    182. Re:This again? by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 1

      OK, I will try to restate in my baby talk since I don't remember this correctly.

      Given that you are accelerating, the appearance to you is that you are doing so linearly, and time dilation is happening to you. It could appear to you that you reach your destination in a very short time, much shorter than light would allow. To the outside observer, however, time passes at a different rate and you never achieve light speed.

    183. Re:This again? by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 1

      You are still talking shit...and being very small minded.

      This is a verified experimental result.

      It needs further investigation and is an exciting result.

      All your jibber jabber does not change this fact or my previous one.

    184. Re:This again? by jandersen · · Score: 1

      ...we can violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo

      As far as I can see, Roger Shawyer is not a wild-eyed madman, but a serious engineer, who argues his case soberly. That is not to say that his claims are correct, but simply means that he actually offers something that is worth scientific scrutiny and which can be discussed and tested. On the other hand, since this is not all over the new channels, it is not something that has been demonstrated unambiguously enough yet; if this was definitely proven, then we would hear about it even in the general press.

      There are two wikipedia articles:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E...
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q...

      - that seem relatively trustworthy. To me it looks like a slightly speculative concept, but one that could well have some theoretical support; I am not an expert in QM, but to my eyes it looks somewhat plausible. He doesn't claim to violate fundamental laws of physics - if he is right, and this drive works, then it uses the same phenomenon that lies behind the Casimir effect (well, read the articles, really). It doesn't generate energy from nothing, energy is expended in the process; and it doesn't work like a rocket, it seems, but like a paddle steamer, in that it sort of crawls along in the soup of quantum fluctuations (yes, I don't know what actually means either, but it sounds cool, and apparently it is an observed phenomenon, ie. real).

    185. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If I were to peer-review a paper on this, I would insist on a plausible physical explanation for the claimed measurement.

      You do realize that its possible to discover an effect and even build machines that take advantage of it without understanding the mechanism behind it? Like we do with gravity, for example.

    186. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If I were to peer-review a paper on this, I would insist on a plausible physical explanation for the claimed measurement.

      So you're philosophically opposed to experimental physics uncovering things that theoretical physics hasn't yet uncovered? That's an extremely odd - and totally unscientific - position to hold.

    187. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you mean that others *initially* failed. LENR has been successfully reproduced a lot since then. Not just by NASA:
      http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20130001794
      But many other researchers.
      http://www.currentscience.ac.in/cs/php/feat.php?feature=Special%20Section:%20Low%20Energy%20Nuclear%20Reactions&featid=10094
      Altogether there has been thousands of papers on LENR. The first attempts at reproduction may have been difficult due to how poorly understood it was but it is clearly not impossible.

    188. Re:This again? by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      Which "they" are you talking about? The linked article *does* give an "answer" - "the Quantum Vacuum (the quantum state with the lowest possible energy) behaving like propellant ions behave in a MagnetoHydroDynamics drive".

      It also claims that a model based on this theory is being used to guide the NASA team's experimental design. To be fair, that's not necessarily unreasonable, in the absence of a more credible theory.

    189. Re:This again? by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      It is too soon to cry "Eureka!"

      Did you read the article? Sounded pretty much like "Eureka!" to me.

    190. Re:This again? by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      I think that if this is valid, the correct theory will follow soon enough anyway, but in principle, why must we know how something works before letting it benefit humanity? Did the early caveman have a deep understanding of fire when they were roasting their woolly mammoth cuisine?

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
    191. Re:This again? by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      Just as well the EM drive still requires a source of energy then. What I'd like to know though is where the energy is going to. Is it just bouncing around inside the cavity and heating it up as a result?

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
    192. Re:This again? by cerberusti · · Score: 1

      I am sure they will experiment with a few prototypes and come up with a model of how it works before they launch it.

      You want an explanation as to why it either fits with our current understanding of physics or where our understanding was wrong, which is not required in order to make use of it. From an engineering perspective all we need to know is how much thrust it produces, if there are any side effects that could cause problems, and how to keep it functioning.

      We can do all of that through trial and error and some basic modeling, without understanding exactly what is happening.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    193. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Its pointless - we still havent invented the inertial dampeners to go with it ! Hey Look at me I have accelerated to near FTL , OH SHIT NO BRAKES !!!!!!!

    194. Re:This again? by Rei · · Score: 1

      I've seen plenty of work on accelerator-drive heavy isotope reactors but nothing for light isotope reactors like lithium. Accelerator driven heavy isotope reactors still deal with many of the problems of conventional fission reactors - they're greatly improved in many regards, but still problematic (you still have some plutonium, you still have some fuel availability/cost limitations, you still have some long-lived waste, you still have some harder to shield radiation, you still have a wide range of daughter products making corrosion control more challenging, etc - just not to the degree of a regular fission reactor). A light isotope reactor using lithium would virtually eliminate all of these problems. And it has a higher burnup ratio, which is of course critical for space uses.

      And while everything I've seen about past improvements in accelerator efficiencies and spallation process improvements, and what's being worked on now, suggests no limit any time soon on neutron production efficiencies - at least that's how it looks from the papers I've read. Plus, even if efficiencies couldn't be improved any further (there's not that much further one needs to go), one could hybridize a heavy isotope and light isotope reactor, using a heavy isotope target as a neutron multiplier to bombard the lithium. You'd require significantly reduced quantities of heavy isotopes relative to a pure heavy isotope reactor, and most of the energy from the lithium side could be as mentioned captured without Carnot losses, which is a big bonus. Any non-thermalized neutrons of sufficient energy would produce tritium as a byproduct, which of course would be a value-added product - in fact, given that the tritium-breeding reaction with 7Li and a high energy neutron yields a lower-energy neutron, the thermalization could potentially be done via tritium breeding in the first place. And tritium is a valuable product whether one has interest in D-T fusion or not.

      I just think it's weird that I've not come across any work on a lithium-based accelerator-driven spallation reactor, and was just wondering if there's a reason for that. It certainly looks appealing to my non-expert eyes. I mean, it looks even cleaner and more fuel-available than D-T fusion, and looks closer to being viable on a full-system perspective. Versus accelerator-driven heavy isotope fission you get less power per neutron (about a quarter as much), of course, even accounting for Carnot losses in the former - but that's not what matters. Cost is what matters, and if you're eliminating the use of super-expensive fuel, not producing any costly-to-manage waste, have no incident radiation, no proliferation concerns, etc, you're completely changing the cost picture - without even considering the possible joint production of saleable tritium.

      --
      Sigur RÃs: I didn't know that Heaven had a rock band.
    195. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >(2) then it's cork-popping time, because you have discovered new science.

      What a stupid thing to say. Science is a method. Would they have discovered a new method?

      Don't get me started on whippersnappers who hate their religious parents saying "I believe in science."

    196. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When I was a toddler I built a cold fusion experiment using a mayonnaise jar and some rock salt. I left it running in my toybox and now it powers the town of Oconomowoc, WI.

    197. Re:This again? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      just having it tested by NASA is no sign of validity
      Of course it is not.
      However when I have to bet on either the NASA or on a basement couch potato, I rather take NASA :D

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    198. Re:This again? by ConceptJunkie · · Score: 1

      It stands to reason: Fairies flying out of the engineer's butt would more likely apply 50 micro-newtons of force to the engineer, not the experiment.

      --
      You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
    199. Re:This again? by ConceptJunkie · · Score: 1

      Has anyone ever taken Randi up on his challenge? Or are they all chicken?

      I enjoy his contributions to the field of skepticism, along with his fan Brian Dunning from skeptoid.com.

      --
      You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
    200. Re:This again? by Agripa · · Score: 1

      I had the same thought they did initially, which is that convection of air was responsible for their thrust. That will not happen in vacuum, so that idea is right out.

      The two sources of experimental error that first occur to me are interference with the signal conditioning for the load cell and the Lorentz force.

    201. Re:This again? by Agripa · · Score: 1

      Electrodynamic propulsion works but conservation of momentum still applies.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E...

    202. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They come up with dark energy, nobody bats an eye. They come up with EM drive and everyone loses their minds.

    203. Re:This again? by Greyfox · · Score: 1

      It creates a "Virtual quantum burrito"? As long as there's a burrito in the microwave, thrust is always guaranteed to be generated!

      --

      I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

    204. Re: This again? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      That's pretty much what they're doing. NASA has been pretty quiet about the whole thing. The results have mainly been presented at conferences.

      It's an extraordinary claim, but it does seem like they're working to provide extraordinary evidence. Also, the thrust claims aren't really very subtle. 1 N is pretty easy to measure, and the Chinese say they can get that using only 1 kW. It sounds like you could build one of these with a decent metal shop and a household microwave.

    205. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      +1 well thought out and articulated. Deep and thought provoking.

      There should be more of this type of post in slashdot.

    206. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not so sure the"correct theory" will follow. I am sure a theory will follow, and the best we can really hope for is that multiple theories will follow.

      I am not convinced of the correctness of many theories, however they do yield predictable results and have been useful. Unfortunately this is usually enough to convince most people.

      I wonder how much we are missing out on because we stopped looking for answers much to early.

    207. Re: This again? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      The article talks about a model made by the NASA group assuming acceleration of virtual particles. It suggests greater than linear thrust to power ratios with increasing power, up to an optimum. Presumably the details would also depend on the type of device, frequency of microwave, etc.

    208. Re: This again? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Possibly momentum imparted to virtual particles can be transmitted through the EM quantum field, eventually being imparted to any real matter along the way.

    209. Re:This again? by Assmasher · · Score: 1

      They're measuring an anomalous force in an electromagnetic cavity. That's a measurement, a concrete fact. They're claiming that they'll be able to make a starship with it. That's beyond any credibility. It's totally delusional.

      Jesus H you're dishonest. They HOPE to use it to propel objects from LEO to GEO. The reason that NASA is looking into this is in the HOPE that it bears fruit. NOBODY said they WILL be able to make a starship with it.

      Some of the statements get rather ambitious, but they aren't statements of fact they're suggestions about what COULD be possible if this pans out.

      --
      Loading...
    210. Re:This again? by joe_frisch · · Score: 1

      There are still a lot of ways for the experiment to get the wrong result in vacuum. The force is really quite tiny.

      Their "hard" vacuum was 1e-6 torr scale. That might still be enough to to produce some force. There can be effects from temperature causing anomolus forces in the suspension mechanism. There can be magnetic field effects from power cables. Torque from RF cables getting warm.

      This would be a very difficult experiment to do correctly. Without details, it is much more likely that they got it wrong, than that they have found a violation of conservation of momentum.

      As an aside, quantum mechanics still conserves energy and momentum. The pushing on virtual particles from the vacuum doesn't work unless you add enough energy to turn them into real particles - and then you just have a photon drive variant (which would produce far less thrust).

    211. Re:This again? by DrJimbo · · Score: 1

      All observed phenomena obey the laws of physics. By definition.

      Bullshit. All correctly observed phenomena obey the laws of physics. Funny thing is that the vast majority of observations that apparently violate the laws of physics turn out to be incorrect.

      The current case is a good example. NASA used 100 watts and measured a force of 50 microNewtons. You would need a force 20,000 times larger than that to levitate an apple. Unless you increase the efficiency of the effect by many orders of magnitude then, even if it exists at all, it has no practical application.

      In these sorts of situations where experimentalists measure a very very small effect (the measurement made in China, which was not in a vacuum, was over 100 times larger) and there is no reasonable theoretical explanation for the effect and the effect contradicts the established laws of physics then the explanation is almost always experimental error.

      --
      We don't see the world as it is, we see it as we are.
      -- Anais Nin
    212. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      NASA hasn't been confirming the results. NASA Spaceflight is not affiliated with NASA in any way.

    213. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Shame on me for not reading the original article. Very odd indeed.

    214. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      there are two possibilities: (1) there's something wrong with the experiment; or (2) there's something wrong with the theory.

      I believe you've forgotten:

      (3) There's something wrong with the experimenter.

      and (4) You're being scammed.

    215. Re: This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      acceleration of virtual particles

      Virtual particles don't carry momentum out of a system. In fact, they don't leave the system at all; that's what makes them virtual. In fact, you can always reorganize your system equations to do the same thing without virtual particles ever "existing". They're more of a mathematical convenience or an intuitive way of organizing perturbation theory than a real part of the universe.

      Experiment is a scam. That somebody managed to squander government funds on this and tarnish NASA's reputation is sad. That said, it's not clear to me if the experimenters are aware that they're running a scam. It's possible they've gone the full L Ron Hubbard and have started to believe their own lies.

    216. Re: This again? by obscuro · · Score: 1

      Somebody please +1 this guy informative. This was a perfect, simple explanation after a sea of gobbledygook

      --
      Every rule has more than one consequence.
    217. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "there needs to be cat inside the box"

      That is not difficult to accomplish. BOX + CAT=CAT in BOX is a natural law.

    218. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "A real scientist would say "Umm, when I do this, it does that. Anybody know why? This doesn't make sense." Then, with enough people saying the same, things get exciting."

      Thanks for this. Despite myself I was at risk of overhyping something (unrelated to this EM drive). What you describe is exactly how things should go.

    219. Re:This again? by delt0r · · Score: 1

      5 citations required. Note that they have not been published and have all have large issues with experimental procedures.

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    220. Re:This again? by Megol · · Score: 1

      Which was my point. The Italian scam (by a convicted scammer even) haven't allowed a scientific examination of the device but have allowed the scammer himself unhindered access to the device.

      This is something done in a NASA lab with NASA people using a scientific methodology.

    221. Re:This again? by Lord+Apathy · · Score: 1

      Oh and your definition of magic might also need adjusting using the same declination.

      My definition of "magic" doesn't need to be adjusted. There is no such thing as magic. Just laws and principals that we do not understand at this current time. To define them as "magic" would put us on the same level as the homo erectus cowering caves as the thunder and lightning flashed in the storm.

      --

      Supporting World Peace Through Nuclear Pacification

    222. Re:This again? by SuperDre · · Score: 1

      but the simple thing is, all those 'laws of physics' are not actual facts, they are based on stuff 'we' think we know, and need to put into some laws just so we can try to understand what is going on, up to a moment when the laws don't count for something we see happening but can't understand due our self defined laws of physics... remember, the smartest people in the world also said the world was flat and if you said otherwise you were a heretic, but later we knew the world wasn't flat.........

    223. Re:This again? by ericloewe · · Score: 1

      It's one thing to be open to the possibility that something is incomplete.

      It's quite another to write a long web page with grand predictions for something that is unproven and has no theoretical explanation yet.

      It's also ludicrous to make a computer model without any sort of theoretical basis. I can "invent" a warp drive by imagining that $_phenomenon is a good approximation of $_supposed_operating_principle and making a computer model of that. Naturally, the results are pure bullshit and profoundly meaningless.

      Neither of the above disproves very solid physics. It'll take something a lot more formal to reasonably conclude that space is asymmetric.

    224. Re:This again? by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      This is an experimental result. It means something, and it might even mean something interesting. It should be investigated further until we know what's going on.

      If it is a reactionless drive, it violates some very fundamental and well-tested physics. That would be an extraordinary claim, and hence requires extraordinary evidence. I haven't seen extraordinary evidence, and am 99% sure it isn't a reactionless drive.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    225. Re:This again? by danbert8 · · Score: 1

      I asked Teller once... He was silent on the matter.

      --
      Yes it's an anecdote! Were you expecting original research in a Slashdot comment?
    226. Re:This again? by SuperDre · · Score: 1

      But NASA already has it working in their laboratorie...... And it does work.....

    227. Re:This again? by Mike+Van+Pelt · · Score: 1

      If they simply wrote a paper saying "we noticed an anomalous force in this experimental setup, and we don't understand why", then nobody would have a problem with it. They're not doing that. They are claiming that it can be used as a reactionless propulsion system, a claim which is entirely incredible without a solid physical theory to justify it.

      Eppur si muove always trumps "all the laws of physics say." Always. No exceptions. Our understanding of the laws of physics will just have to try to catch up to the reality. That's assuming, of course, that the gizmo really does muove.

    228. Re:This again? by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      the expected thrust from 10GW of power beam is 33 Newtons

      And the expected thrust from 1W is 3.3 nanonewtons. See the problem? I'll give you a hint- they measured ~1millinewton/W.
      They're measuring more thrust than the photons they're generating actually have to give.
      The problems of no leaking emissions, thus making this not a photon drive, or what they're theoretically pushing against (magical quantum vacuum effects at microwave photon energies) are secondary to the problem that they have magically generated more momentum than they put into the system.

    229. Re:This again? by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      We use gravity daily to generate hydroelectric power.

      Really, we use the sun to generate hydroelectric power. We use the gravity and terrain to reclaim the energy the sun gave the water in a less complicated fashion ;)

    230. Re:This again? by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      Wait- really?
      The system is both magnets... the sum of the momentum change is 0.
      Now put 2 magnets in freefall, and get one of them to move another without moving itself, now you've recreated the EM Drive.

    231. Re:This again? by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      Alpha Centauri??? With a perpetual motion drive? To hell with that. I'll see you at the end of the Universe.

    232. Re:This again? by Zalbik · · Score: 1

      the first real space trial is likely coming soon.

      No, it won't.

      They haven't even completed the first round of formal experiments. You know, the kind with scientific write-ups and peer review of experimental setup and such.

      So far there have been some tiny anomalous observations that may or may not be due to a force we don't understand. They are far more likely due to a force that we understand perfectly, but have failed to take into account while making the observations.

      NASA hasn't published anything definitive on this. The have (quite stupidly, IMHO) given some of their initial results to the press, who (of course) blew the story up beyond any sensible measure.

      The next thing we will likely see is a better experimental setup at higher power, which will likely explain the completely conventional reasons we see these results. These will be published, and not picked up by the press (cause it's "boring"), and in a few years people will wonder "whatever happened to that EmDrive thing?" Conspiracy nuts will claim government cover-up, illuminati, stolen by bigfoot, etc.

    233. Re:This again? by ericloewe · · Score: 1

      "Something weird is going on" is not the same as "it works and we can actually do stuff with it".

    234. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Right, but there is wiggle room in curved spacetime *if* the invariant breaks down at sufficiently large scales.

      It does, at cosmological scales -- we see that in the metric expansion of space, with the dark energy content refusing to dilute away as space expands.

      It shouldn't, however, in the limit where the volume of the spacetime region under study goes to zero, since there are decent theoretical reasons (not to mention the HUUUUUGE historical one) to think that SR is exact in the local section of the fibre bundle. Thus you recover the relevant Poincaré symmetry *locally* whatever curvature there happens to be, at least in the low-energy limit where semiclassical gravity is a good EFT. (Although that statement itself is under scrutiny thanks to the AMPS "paradox").

      But we can in principle introduce motion against an observer's coordinates that is an *apparent* violation of Poincaré invariance but which vanishes with a suitable change of coordinates.

      That's not likely to be what's going on here at all, but I raise it as a way of saying that the conservations of linear and angular momentum, and the conservation of energy, are *local* invariants, and it is easy to see at the very largest scales of the observable universe that all of those conservations are violated *dramatically* on a global basis. The theoretical explanation is straightforward: there is a more general conservation of energy-momentum at work in General Relativity (you can write it as $\nabla_{\mu}T^{\mu}_{~\nu}=0$, which basically says that you can shift momentum between matter-energy and the curvature of spacetime, and wholly violate the conservation of energy or the conservations of momentum that you expect in a static flat space.

      Finally, the mass-energies involved in these lab experiments simply cannot make a large enough trade-off for that more general conservation law to have a non-negligible impact. For all practical purposes the lab and experiment can be considered to be operating in a local patch of flat space, and SR should apply beyond the current limit of our ability to measure violations of Lorentz invariance. (Otherwise, to hell with using this as a *thruster*, we can take advantage of Lorentz-invariance-disruption to build an antitelephone!)

    235. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Photons have the equation of state of radiation, and not of matter, in any reasonable model of the universe.

      Even looking at a local model like The Standard Model, photons are not matter, as they are massless in their proper centre of momentum frame of reference (and their mass is frame-of-reference-invariant; a change of frame of reference (or coordinates) leads to a change in momentum, but not mass).

    236. Re:This again? by blue+trane · · Score: 1

      The universe seems to be speeding up its expansion. Doesn't that violate every conservation law?

    237. Re:This again? by catmistake · · Score: 1

      I think it's likely that the test is faulty, but they need to figure out why or how the test is faulty.

      There is actually a better chance that curiosity, need, whatever, will continue to drive development of practical technology without science having uncovered the secrets of how it achieves its practice until long after its wide adoption. You may have heard of boat building, which our species invented here on Earth a long time ago and long, long before anyone realized what water really was and why things sink or float. NASA is one of the few organizations that justifiably has been long prided by I think everyone to be a group of ideally dedicated smart likeably cooperative over-achievers that successfully apply science rationally to develop technology to achieve the goals set before them. If you had the capital and need to do so, who would you hire to get you safely there and back if "there" was Earth's orbit or beyond? NASA's on everyone's short list. I'm interested because this is pretty good nerd news, and not any weekly world tripe, that some scientists with merit have (with transparency and established process) produced eye-popping results in an experiment and with an apparatus that does not share the secret of its result in any obvious way, IOW, wtf, that's impossible... what gives? I can't just hand-wave off that obviously one of these bozos messed up... it's NASA, they really can't afford bozos... just the regular type of professional scientists and engineers that excelled in such a way professionally to interest NASA into hiring them, and they're neither a dime a dozen nor are there very many dozens of them to begin with... considering... Merica... today... a little soft in the middle, but some of our agencies and facilities are still intact. NASA is one of them, and very much alive... everyone, everyone, should just fucking send NASA $10, you know they won't steal it, they'll actually use it to complete their mission. The first thing I'd doubt before doubting NASA was the fidelity of the information between reports and what NASA really did and said. So you can bet that somehow NASA did a faulty test, while I can bet that somehow between you me, the editer, reporter and the laws of physics something might have slid a little and a small error, in comprehension or reporting, whatever it was... a small error has turned into something now widely reported. Or maybe there is no error... something really great is happening and our best guys don't know why but they're sure the best guys we have to mess around with this and develop if it indeed is doing what they're reporting... even if it reads like a practical joke, I don't really care, its so much better news than... you know all the other crappy news... crime... war... etc...

    238. Re:This again? by RivenAleem · · Score: 1

      Ah, so it's like Bistromatics?

    239. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This might be another Cold Fusion moment. Or, it might be the start of something very interesting.

      When an experiment contradicts a theory, there are two possibilities: (1) there's something wrong with the experiment; or (2) there's something wrong with the theory. If the correct answer is (1), then it's par for the course: mistakes happen, and the process of science corrects them eventually. But if the correct answer is (2) then it's cork-popping time, because you have discovered new science.

      Sorry, but tt's not really as much of a boolean state as you think. Yes, both those possibilities are valid, but there are additional possibilities...

      (3) There's something wrong with both -- Declaring an experimental result to be invalid does not provide a proof of the opposite case to what it originally showed.
      (4) There's an additional factor involved that hasn't been accounted for -- even if the results are valid, original theory may not have been broken; there may be something else here yet to be discovered which would provide the counterbalance.

    240. Re:This again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are several medications doctors prescribe although they and even the researchers that invented them don't how or why they work.

      I think your use of the word "several" there could be considered to be the understatement of the decade.

  2. because, as we all know by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When you make a discovery violating conservation of momentum, you immediately publish your findings in an internet forum thread.

    1. Re:because, as we all know by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Or maybe, as the case was here, you document your experiment in a paper, publish it through proper channels, then science reporters get wind of it, blow it out of proportion and completely distort what you said, then someone else links to that distortion on an internet forum.

    2. Re:because, as we all know by Rhinobird · · Score: 1

      Why not discuss the current experiment setup and results in an online forum? If the experiments pans out, then publish in a journal.

      --
      If Mr. Edison had thought smarter he wouldn't sweat as much. --Nikola Tesla
  3. Fuel sucks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When it spends 99% of its launch mass lifting itself to orbit, you have a bad system. Nice to see people trying to think outside the box.

    1. Re:Fuel sucks by Gr8Apes · · Score: 2

      When it spends 99% of its launch mass lifting itself to orbit, you have a bad system. Nice to see people trying to think outside the box.

      Technically, they're keeping it all in the box.

      --
      The cesspool just got a check and balance.
    2. Re:Fuel sucks by scubamage · · Score: 1

      WHAT'S IN THE BOX!?!?!?

    3. Re: Fuel sucks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pain.

  4. I want this to be true, but... by MetricT · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I want a non-Newtonian drive as much as any other nerd out there, but it's still more probable that (assuming it works) it uses conventional physics, just in ways they haven't figured out yet.

    That said, I think this result is the point where NASA, DOD, Lockheed Martin, Boeing et al should turn on the money spigot for research. There's obviously something going on, even if it's just conventional physics in unexpected ways. And on the odd chance it *is* new physics, the results could change the world.

    1. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am willing to believe that it could work and that It's not 'new' physics. We know that at the start energy was converted in to matter so I strongly suspect that this device is not emission free, it's just found a way to convert energy back to a reaction mass.

      If it is doing what they claim by some voodoo on Quantum Virtual Particles, then it has to be converting their state to real particles giving rise to thrust and therefore, should have an emission rate of greater than NULL.

      SOMETHING should be coming out of the tailpipe.

    2. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That said, I think this result is the point where NASA, DOD, Lockheed Martin, Boeing et al should turn on the money spigot for research. There's obviously something going on, even if it's just conventional physics in unexpected ways. And on the odd chance it *is* new physics, the results could change the world.

      The original "result" would never have made it past peer review and the people pushing it knew it. Their experimental methods had a ton of holes in it (as many people pointed out), and they didn't even have a theoretical basis for why it would work really (the supposed explanation based on White's quantum woo got torn apart by theorists). So they never even tried to publish - the most they did was talk about it at a conference.

      This new "result" comes from a post on an internet forum. I'm a bit skeptical about major breakthrough results in physics that are announced via forum post, especially since I'm very skeptical of this group based on their past claims. This doesn't mean that the results are wrong, but let's hold off of the DoD funding for a bit.

    3. Re:I want this to be true, but... by BitZtream · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Its not a violation of the laws of conventional physics.

      Some of the microwave radiation escapes, thats where your thrust comes from. Matter propellant isn't used, energy is the propellant. What I don't get is why people keep calling it controversial or defying the laws of physics. To defy the laws of physics, it would have to accelerate with no energy supplied to the system at all, but it has a supply of energy it is expending.

      Remember kids, in our universe Matter and Energy are more or less one and the same and completely interchangeable IF you have sufficient spare energy :)

      Photons of light (which are EM just like microwaves, just a different frequency) impart energy on things the impact, this is well known ... where do they think a solar sail comes from?

      Like you said, they may not understand how the microwave radiation is moving the device, but saying its breaking the laws of physics just makes it clear to anyone listening that you have made no attempt to understand what it does.

      This is the drive output portion of the Impulse drive from startrek, once refined of course ... the input portion would be fusion generators to power it all to some useful energy level.

      --
      Persistent Volume manager for Kubernetes - https://github.com/dwimsey/openshift-pvmanager
    4. Re:I want this to be true, but... by tnk1 · · Score: 1

      Well, we know that conventional physics doesn't cover everything, obviously. I'm pretty skeptical of this myself, but I'm reserving my opinion.

      Virtual particles are definitely not a fringe understanding of the quantum mechanical realm, but they've always been representative of something... well... virtual. They would be generally expected to cancel out at macro scales. The only example I've heard of where they don't is Hawking radiation, and that's only because of the very specific consequences of anything that goes across an event horizon.

      While the probability of any one discovery being a real quantum leap (so to speak) is very, very small, we know that our incomplete understanding of the quantum realm also means that finding new physics is almost certain, given enough time. So I'm interested in this, although not overly excited yet. I'm thinking someone had a bad network cable or something. :)

    5. Re:I want this to be true, but... by dargaud · · Score: 4, Interesting

      But, if they call it an engine, it must have a lot more specific impulse / momentum than just beaming microwaves off the back of the device. You CAN move by pointing a flashlight the opposite way (in space), but the acceleration is so low that you'll be dead of old age before you've moved a meter. So this must clearly be different and quite a few orders of magnitude better.

      --
      Non-Linux Penguins ?
    6. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Dutch+Gun · · Score: 4, Funny
      --
      Irony: Agile development has too much intertia to be abandoned now.
    7. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      "After consistent reports of thrust measurements from EM Drive experiments in the US, UK, and China – at thrust levels several thousand times in excess of a photon rocket, and now under hard vacuum conditions – the question of where the thrust is coming from deserves serious inquiry."

      It produces much more thrust than it should if it were just the effect of shooting microwaves.

    8. Re:I want this to be true, but... by BitZtream · · Score: 0

      yes, its not a flashlight ... except if you mean a highly focused 100kilowatt flashlight, BUT it certainly stands to reason from our observations of the universe that some frequencies of EM are better suited to this purpose than others, as well as various drive configurations.

      And for reference, if you read the article ... they compare it to photon drive engines, they are very real (although very weak)

      You might want to checkout the definition of engine too, I think yours is probably not the one the scientists are using. Its not always about having a hemi.

      --
      Persistent Volume manager for Kubernetes - https://github.com/dwimsey/openshift-pvmanager
    9. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      +1. When something happens, by definition, it's compliant with the laws of universe. This is not a claimed "perpetual motion machine" that stops after a while. This is a system which isn't fully understood, but is clearly functioning, and THEREFORE WITHIN THE LAW. That's what it means to function. It's lawful, or the law is wrong, and not a law at all.

    10. Re:I want this to be true, but... by david_thornley · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, it is a violation of physical law, just not the ones you're thinking of.

      We're talking about the law of conservation of momentum here. It isn't the microwaves. We know the energy-to-momentum ratio of photons, and the reason using photons for thrust is impractical is that the momentum is far too small for given energy. TFA says this looks far more powerful than a light drive.

      A pity that you made no effort to understand what laws of physics it's appearing to break.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    11. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Megol · · Score: 1

      The problem is that the measured thrust is greater than that model would provide. And if that model would need to be revised we'd have a fucking huge problem on our hands :P

      But until the experiment have been reproduced by others the safe bet is some measurement/calculation error. Hope I'm wrong though...

    12. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      LHC makes and then measures lots of 'virtual' electron-positron pairs. I assume they create a large enough EM field to make a pair, split it with electrodes or magnetic fields or something, accelerate each beam separately, and then fire it out? I don't know if this is actually the way they do it but I don't think this scheme violates any laws, and it would let you get as much momentum as you want by accelerating the not-so-virtual-anymore matter up to any momentum.

    13. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is not a light drive at all, as mentioned in the article. Allow me to amateurishly explain. IANAP.

      The equation for radiation pressure (according to wikipedia) is P=Ef/c, where Ef is energy flux in watts per meter and c is the speed of light. You could multiply out the area, they should be equal, which gives you F=P/c, or force is power emitted over the speed of light. Oh, and TFA says the power was 2.5kW.

      If that is true, that the force from radiation pressure would be 8.3 MICROnewtons. They were measuring a force about 100,000 times greater than what could be accounted for by radiation pressure alone. *THAT* is why they know there is interesting physics going on here.

    14. Re:I want this to be true, but... by AnotherBlackHat · · Score: 1

      What I don't get is why people keep calling it controversial or defying the laws of physics.

      Because (assuming the experiment is correct) the force the EM drive is producing is more than 3 orders of magnitude greater than a photon drive.

      They're claiming 0.4 newtons per kilowatt.
      That's about 9 times the thrust of an Ion drive, without the propellant.

      It could be a hoax, but if so, it's a damn good one.

    15. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Considering that they're generating about a newton per kilowatt just for the research experiments, I highly doubt that its just "escaping radiation" thats responsible for the force. that's WAAAAY higher than it should be, for that.

    16. Re:I want this to be true, but... by AchiestDragon · · Score: 1

      from what i recall , it does not defy the laws of physics , it uses a traveling em wave to crate "grip" to the static universal em background field
      , this method provides thrust from input power by creating a traveling wave that is out of phase to the external one causing motion , like swimming through the background field using the background field to displace it like a phase drive motor , just that its too easy to miss in the maths

    17. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "let's hold off of the DoD funding for a bit."

      By making funding scarce, you're self-fulfilling the prophecy of conservation laws.

    18. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hmm, why am i thinking that this may lead to something like cold fusion?

    19. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Spy+Handler · · Score: 1

      Maybe it's not new physics, but old physics. Would the universal aether from ~18th century explain this phenomenon?

    20. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Its not always about having a hemi.

      Funny choice of simile - a Hemi isn't even a Hemi -> back in the 60's it was a Hemispherical combustion chamber with a compression ratio that would detonate (in the automotive sense) non-stop on today's lower octane and "up to 10% Crapinol" contaminated fuel. Nowadays, 'Hemi' is a marketing term.

    21. Re:I want this to be true, but... by cbhacking · · Score: 5, Informative

      100KW is the theoretical energy that you might be able to make a deep-space craft out of with this drive. The power it's been tested with so far is three orders of magnitude lower.

      BUT it certainly stands to reason from our observations of the universe that some frequencies of EM are better suited to this purpose than others, as well as various drive configurations

      BS. That most certainly does not "stand to reason". Higher-energy photons have more momentum, not less, yet this thing uses microwaves (much lower energy than visible light) and gets orders of magnitude more thrust than could be explained by the quite-well-understood thrust from EM radiation. Besides, why would there be a net thrust in one direction? The microwaves should escape the cavity in all directions, not just out the back, if they're escaping at all. A light drive has to be open at the back, or the photons would bounce off the rear wall and counter the thrust they imparted to the ship by bouncing off the reflector around the emitter.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    22. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, you can use conventional physics to propel yourself by spitting microwaves out the back. However, when you do that the ratio of applied force to power consumed is at most 1/c. Here the ratio is only about 0.00029(s/m), which is five orders of magnitude better. Thus, this drive seems to be beating what you could get using a conventional light drive by a factor of 100,000 or so.

    23. Re:I want this to be true, but... by cbhacking · · Score: 2

      The order of magnitude isn't actually the weird part. It's the "without propellant" part, or the "but the back is closed" (this thing produces infinite orders of magnitude more force than you'd get out of a photon drive with nowhere for the photons to escape, yet the microwaves are emitted into a sealed chamber).

      Basically, it appears to be reactionless. All other propulsion systems are reaction based. When walking, your feet push on the ground; ground goes one way and you go the other. When sailing, your sails push on the wind (bending it to go in a direction more behind you than it otherwise would) and your boat goes in the opposite direction from where the wind goes. When flying, your engines (or an animal's wings) push the air out behind you; air goes backward and you go forward. With a chemical rocket, burning gases come out of the rocket going one way, and the rocket goes the other way. With an ion drive, particles (usually of a gas, like xenon) are ionized and then shoot towards a magnetic field (with their ionization canceled out before passing through the field, so they don't get pulled back by the field); particles go one way, spacecraft goes the other. With a light drive, photons go out one end of the ship (and yes, they have momentum even though the conventional Newtonion function for momentum, mass times velocity, suggests that massless photons shouldn't have any momentum) and each one going backwards imparts and equal (tiny!) amount of momentum in the other direction to the emitter or reflector that they were directed backward from.

      In each case, the momentum of the stuff being pushed one direction equals the momentum imparted to the thing doing the pushing. Then we get this thing. With the EmDrive, nothing comes out of the drive. There's nothing (that we can detect) going out the back of the drive. No momentum in one direction to impart momentum in the other. Despite this, the drive tries to go forwards. This is a really, seriously, mysterious result.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    24. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 1

      It has been reproduced by others. That's why everyone's scratching their heads. It's also why some people are starting to get bent out of shape. Their precious model of the universe is being challenged. From my armchair I see four possibilities: the microwaves are finding something to push against; the microwaves are creating something with mass and a net velocity pointed in a certain direction; the microwaves are distorting the shape of space-time; different groups of really bright people around the world are designing spectacularly fracked up experiments and coming away with agreeing yet completely fracked up results.

      The last one is easiest to prove/disprove. Throw the device into space and see if it produces delta-v. If its one of the first three, regardless of which one, the world as we know it is no more.

      --
      Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
    25. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 1

      from what i recall , it does not defy the laws of physics , it uses a traveling em wave to crate "grip" to the static universal em background field , this method provides thrust from input power by creating a traveling wave that is out of phase to the external one causing motion , like swimming through the background field using the background field to displace it like a phase drive motor , just that its too easy to miss in the maths

      The problem is that theoretically, there is no "background field" to "grip". You appear to be proposing a "universal aether" or maybe "phlogiston". Those aren't exactly groundbreaking ideas.

      According to theory the quantum vacuum has virtual particles in it, but that doesn't make it a "fabric" to grip or push against.

      I am interested to see what kind of thrust they DO claim to have gotten this time. And I am also curious why they chose to use a lower-power source, rather than trying to replicate the original experiments.

    26. Re:I want this to be true, but... by khayman80 · · Score: 1

      I'm interested to see why Sawyer's still repeating the same nonsense after ~10 years:

      http://johncostella.webs.com/s...

    27. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because after ten years, NASA has tested it with what appears to be positive results -- which is the point where anyone not suffering from confirmation bias concedes that perhaps the device is worth some investigation after all.

    28. Re:I want this to be true, but... by khayman80 · · Score: 1

      No, that's actually why the U.S. patent office stopped accepting applications for perpetual motion machine patents. They wasted uncountable hours debunking experiments that seemed plausible at first glance but always just ended up wasting everyone's time.

      It's not just that Shawyer's claims violate conservation of momentum. The Alcubierre and Natario drives also violate conservation of momentum, but at least they explain that violation in the context of Noether's theorem. In contrast, Shawyer just made a ridiculous mistake by forgetting that the normal force a microwave photon exerts on a surface is always normal to that surface. Sadly, Shawyer seems to have duped a lot of otherwise skeptical people into uncritically cheerleading his absurd claims.

    29. Re:I want this to be true, but... by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      Its not a violation of the laws of conventional physics.

      It actually really is ... We know full-well that photons have momentum, and we know exactly how much with extraordinary precision since that particular portion of QED is very well understood, and confirmed to as much accuracy as we have the technology to test for.

      However, this appears, contrary to any form of common sense or known theory, to be ridiculously more powerful than a photon rocket of equivalent power and perfect efficiency (perfectly collimated, perfect e->g conversion- ie, impossible).

      This isn't a bunch of highly educated scientists just now learning the Kzinti Lesson, this is a bunch of highly educated scientists scratched their head because the conservation of momentum appears violated.

    30. Re:I want this to be true, but... by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      The point is that the laws of physics, as currently understood, do not allow the "universal em background field" to be used in that way.

    31. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      The microwaves should escape the cavity in all directions, not just out the back, if they're escaping at all. A light drive has to be open at the back, or the photons would bounce off the rear wall and counter the thrust they imparted to the ship by bouncing off the reflector around the emitter.

      Not that I believe in the EM drive, but wouldn't making one wall thicker than the other cause a larger leakage rate in one direction than the other and thus [minute] thrust?

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    32. Re:I want this to be true, but... by MrL0G1C · · Score: 1

      So if I stick my microwave in the back of the car and shoot it, it'll make my car go faster?

      --
      Waterfox - a Firefox fork with legacy extension support, security updates and better privacy by default.
    33. Re:I want this to be true, but... by cbhacking · · Score: 1

      Probably (assuming there's any leakage at all), but then you've just got a thruster that is a *less efficient* light drive. As in, it's like a normal photon drive, but a lot of the photons it produces don't actually produce thrust. That would lead to the opposite affect of what we're seeing here, which is a drive that appears to only produce photons yet gets hundreds to thousands of times as much thrust as a photon drive would at that power.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    34. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >A pity that you made no effort to understand what laws of physics it's appearing to break.

      Why is this a pity? This is the internet. People respond to comments without thinking things through the majority of the time. The real pity is that people think they get internet credibility from telling people they are dumb/ignorant/pitiful.

    35. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Proof is in your kitchen.

      Heat coffee A with microwave oven.
      Heat coffee B with similarly rated light(s).

    36. Re:I want this to be true, but... by quax · · Score: 1

      There is more to physics than just the conversation of energy. Specifically this thing, the way it is supposed to work, violates the conservation of momentum.

    37. Re:I want this to be true, but... by szundi · · Score: 1

      At least there will be some extra motivation for fusion reactor development too. I want to see that happen in my lifetime, dammit!!

    38. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, this cannot be simply a photon drive. A photon drive at maximum theoretical efficiency requires 300 MW/N. The claimed results are orders of magnitude better than that. Whatever it is (if the results are valid at all), it must be something other than a photon drive.

    39. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Not having a sound theory to explain the phenomena is hardly a condemnation of the phenomena itself: see gravity - we've got essentially no idea how it works beyond "very well, thank you", but everybody trusts that it does. In fact a lot of major technologies have worked that way: We were making cheese, beer, etc. for thousands of years before we had any sort of microbial theory to explain the process. Gunpowder long before we had a sound theory of the chemistry involved. Etc.

      Now the shoddy experiments on the other hand are an absolutely good reason to not take the initial results too seriously - but *good* experiments on something like this are expensive, so it's only natural that the preliminary experiments are shoddy - they're essentially the proof of concept used to justify the investment needed to perform better experiments. And that's exactly what we've been seeing: a progression through increasingly rigorous experiments which have, thus far, continued to confirm the phenomena. Now it's been tested in hard vacuum, ruling out the leading conventional explanations of ion drive and/or thermal convection effects. Assuming they again tested it in multiple alignments to rule out systemic flaws in the testing apparatus, it's beginning to look like there may really be a new phenomena present. Hopefully now someone will be able to get the funding to build a thruster powerful enough to be tested by NASAs more accurate and time-tested facilities.

      And assuming they're still seeing the effects after a rigorous ground-based test, then probably someone will eventually be willing to invest the millions of dollars necessary to launch an EM-driven satellite to give it a real-world test. Though if the results are conclusive enough to spend that kind of money, it may well be that it then attracts more serious R&D dollars for further development on Earth until it's powerful enough to be useful.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    40. Re:I want this to be true, but... by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      The microwaves should escape the cavity in all directions, not just out the back, if they're escaping at all. A light drive has to be open at the back, or the photons would bounce off the rear wall and counter the thrust they imparted to the ship by bouncing off the reflector around the emitter.

      Not that I believe in the EM drive, but wouldn't making one wall thicker than the other cause a larger leakage rate in one direction than the other and thus [minute] thrust?

      The article mentions the use of an HDPE dielectric in one of the tests. HDPE, High Density Polyethylene , is the type of plastic that milk jugs are made out of in America.When the word dielectric is used it invokes the idea of capacitors. How capacitance and a microwave cavity fit together is not explained by the article however.

    41. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Yep. The catch of course is that "throwing the device into space" can easily cost millions of dollars, while the experiments thus far haven't been able to attract a fraction of that level of funding. So the march of science plods on, doing it's best to make enough incremental improvements in the effectiveness of the drive and confidence of the experimental integrity to justify the next round of more expensive experiments that will hopefully be conclusive enough to justify the next round of experiments... until eventually, hopefully, the results are conclusive enough to justify spending serious money on it.

      Some folks like to mock scientists as always leaving their experiments inconclusive enough to justify further research, but in practice I think it's very rarely by choice - pretty much everyone I've ever met would rather do the properly conclusive experiment up front so that they can start focusing on applications (or get on with their lives) - but the people controlling the purse strings aren't going to part with the necessary money without having a high confidence of success, so instead it takes years of time and money "wasted" on incremental experiments whose only payoff is avoiding spending "conclusive experiment" money up front on a lot of dead ends. How many researchers have died of old age before the devices they designed in their youth have aver been properly tested?

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    42. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Well, to be fair you should say it *appears* to violate conservation of momentum. It's probably a fair bet that, assuming it does actually work, the universe is simply a bit more complicated that we thought. Whether it's pushing against virtual particles, asymmetrically distorting spacetime, or something else entirely, I would bet that there is in fact a momentum transfer occurring, but that we simply don't yet understand where it's being transferred *to*.

      For example - if it's somehow pulling on the fabric of spacetime itself then it might not be unreasonable to consider that the entire rest of the universe is the reaction mass being pushed in the opposite direction. If it's pushing on virtual particles, then perhaps we misunderstand the ultimate nature of those particles and/or how they interact with spacetime. Perhaps they are "real" within a parallel universe, and we are transferring momentum to that universe. Or... I just heard of a new hypothesis making the rounds (if you'll excuse me doubtless butchering it badly) that quantum entanglement such as between a pair of virtual particles actually involves direct wormhole connections between the entangled particles - allowing them to remain in direct, distanceless contact even when one has crossed the event horizon of a black hole, thanks to the alternate path connecting them - which apparently resolves at least one set of QM/GR paradoxes. I admit I didn't understand the leap, but their suggestion seemed to be that the multitude of miniscule wormholes, taken collectively, actually constructs what we consider to be the normal fabric of spacetime. Related? Who knows, but it sure sounded interesting.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    43. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      How about the Casimir effect, where a pair of slightly separated parallel plates experiences an anomalous attractive force? There is some controversy, but I believe that's generally accepted as being the result of restricting the wavelengths of virtual particles that can form between the plates, and thus generating a net inward pressure on the apparatus due to the longer-wavelength particles that can only form and bounce off the outer surfaces of the plates. Granted, with both plates moving towards each other there is no net momentum transfer, but you still have a normal macroscopic apparatus directly interacting with the "quantum foam"

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    44. Re:I want this to be true, but... by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      If it was just about microwave energy going out the back, then it would be a microwave oven without the shielded enclosure. And the engineers would probably be in the hospital!

    45. Re:I want this to be true, but... by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      Easiest hypothesis to explain the reaction, a teeny tiny undiscovered particle, likely it would explain a lot of other things as well. So the real question is, could a particle be small enough that it is impossible to directly observe outside of it's interactions with other particles. It is there because we can observe the outcomes of interactions but it is not there because it is simply too small to directly observe. Those interactions would likely be indirect field actions rather than direct actions. The measure of the engine less likely to be concentrated power output but how large an interaction the engine can produce, an engine that operates more outside of itself rather than within itself.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    46. Re:I want this to be true, but... by quax · · Score: 1

      Need much more convincing data before I'd be comfortable to join into these happy speculations :-)

    47. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      You've just described most of particles physics - most of the really interesting particles are so unstable on their own that they can only be detected by their byproducts. Quarks for example basically don't exist outside a proton or neutron -we know they're there by tracing the energy "fingerprints" of their nergetic interactions: To consistently get A and B from C and D, the intermediate components must have the following properties...

      If it were pushing against some hitherto unknown particle, that would possibly be even MORE dramatic - we'd have a fundamentally new particle, and with it all new physics to explain how it can interact with normal matter / microwaves in such a way that it's only been detected in this very specific scenario, despite the fact that it must exist everywhere and be capable of passing through normal matter largely unimpeded. Even the "here there be dragons" of Dark Matter won't qualify- this appears to be interacting far to strongly with EM fields.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    48. Re:I want this to be true, but... by RespekMyAthorati · · Score: 1

      Only if you then throw it out the back.

    49. Re:I want this to be true, but... by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      The idea is that the drive works by accelerating fluctuations in the quantum vacuum which acts as the reaction mass. The real question is whether it can ever produce useable amounts of thrust.

      If you look at the physics in detail any successful ‘gravity engine’ will either push against space time (Alcubierre warp drive), a zero point field or ether, or something like the quantum vacuum, or maybe use negative mass. There is always a reaction mass somewhere.

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
    50. Re:I want this to be true, but... by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      It isn’t any universal field it is gripping but the virtual particles in the vacuum. At least that’s the way I understand it.

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
    51. Re:I want this to be true, but... by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      Again it isn’t a photonic drive. RTFA. Conservation of momentum is only violated if you have a closed system - therefore if you get acceleration the system is not closed... (it is supposed to be pushing against fluctuations in the quantum vacuum)

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
    52. Re:I want this to be true, but... by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      Same difference - particles and fields are the same thing in Quantum Field Theory. It isn't thought to be possible to use virtual particles that way - I'm not sure whether Dr. White is proposing a modification to QFT or is interpreting it differently, but either way, there are few if any professional physicists who believe his proposal is credible.

      That doesn't prove that it's wrong, but it invites legitimate skepticism.

    53. Re:I want this to be true, but... by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      Scepticism is always legitimate.. :)

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
    54. Re:I want this to be true, but... by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      I did RTFA, the photon rocket is relevant, because that's all the momentum they have to work with in the system, implying this is truly non-newtonian thrust. I don't buy pushing against quantum fluctuations in the vacuum, because the energy levels are too small, and the scale too macro. At any reasonable length, the quantum vacuum averages to 0. You don't get to push against it.

      What will interest me, is if NASA can reproduce thrust in hard vacuum at more than 50 millionths of a Newton per kW. At that little thrust, I'm willing to accept all kinds of measuring problems with the rig, or local EM interactions with the Earth. When they start pulling thousandths of a Newton or even Newtons in hard vacuum, then I'll concede that we have in fact found out that we can push against space itself with something is meek as microwaves.

    55. Re:I want this to be true, but... by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      If it were pushing against some hitherto unknown particle, that would possibly be even MORE dramatic

      On the other hand, this could be a new interaction with an existing particle. How dramatic would that be? Can you rank it on the scale of 0 to Telemundo?

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    56. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Hmm, tough call... I'll say 2.718 Telemundos.
      New interactions would probably imply either new forces, or new properties of the particle - and either would pretty much require rebuilding the theories upon which particle physics is based.

      Of course we're also departing from the fact that there's presumably nothing but microwave photons, virtual particles and passing neutrinos within the thruster's resonating chamber. The photons can't escape, and wouldn't provide more than a tiny fraction of the measured thrust even if they did. Available neutrinos probably don't offer anywhere near the reaction mass necessary even if they could be teased into interacting with the microwaves. That leaves the virtual particles, and I suppose the fabric of spacetime itself. So a poorly understood phenomena, and a complete unknown, prime candidates for discovering new physics weirdness!

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    57. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We have an excellent understanding of how gravity works in General Relativity; what we're missing is a full understanding of the mechanisms that generate the metric. We have a *good enough* understanding of those mechanisms that semiclassical gravity predicts and accords with observations extremely well, and has no obvious breakdowns right to (and in some cases *through*) black hole event horizons.

      You are describing the state of understanding of gravity in the Newtonian model. We are well beyond Newton (and even Einstein) these days.

      Simple version: when you throw a ball, you are accelerating it right up to the point where you release it, at which point it transitions into free-fall (ignoring interactions with air). Free fall trajectories follow geodesics, and the accelerations you throwing a ball provides can only reach highly curved geodesics which lead back towards the centre of the Earth (and are intercepted by the ground). If you were a comic book superhero, perhaps you could launch a ball onto a geodesic which escapes to infinity, but armed only with existing rocket and spaceflight technology, you're more likely to be able to reach only geodesics which curve around the Earth many many many many times (e.g., orbit) or which curve around the sun, or curve around the centre of mass of the local bit of the galaxy, like the Pioneer and Voyager probes, which are now in free fall on geodesics which are much less curved than the ones you can throw balls onto. That's it, that's General Relativity's gravity vs everyday human-scale objects. Everyday objects can only be put onto geodesics which ultimately curve back to the surface of the Earth; with effort one can boost objects onto geodesics which ultimately curve to the surface of another object on the solar system, such as the moon, or Mars, or a comet (however most of the time you will need to apply further accelerations along the way, so really, there are boosts from one geodesic to another to another...).

    58. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Yes, we have a very good working theory of the *manner* in which gravity bends spacetime. But we can't answer even the most basic question about its *method* - why does mass bend spacetime? Or have we found some clues when I wasn't watching?

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    59. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If we look at it in your direction (where we assign the left hand side based on the configuration of the right hand side, in the usual way it's written down (i.e., $R_{\mu\nu}-\dfrac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu}R+g_{\mu\nu}\Lambda=\dfrac{8\pi G}{c^4}T_{\mu\nu}$), then yes, you have a bit of a mystery of explaining that relation in terms of the exchange of gauge bosons (for example).

      However, if you look in the opposite direction (where the left hand side determines the momenta on the right hand side) then the question mostly reduces to predicting self-gravitation (since in this view, geometry acts like mass-energy), and the major problem there is that a suitable RG is not yet known. This view has been reasonably successful with all sorts of vacuum solutions, and (anti-)de Sitter, and to some extent "matter just comes along for the ride", at least in the low-energy limit.

      So in the latter view, an object like the sun doesn't start by having its microscopic constituent bits of dust and gas curve space significantly around them, but rather, having those bits simply travel geodesically about a curved volume of spacetime (it gets complicated for various foliations, though, if you want to think about the evolution of a star) where the curvature is almost entirely a geometric ("gravity self-gravitates") effect. The mechanism is then not so much how, say, hydrogen ions pull each other together, but rather how they interact to boost one another onto geodesics that do not point directly to the centre of mass. Their charges or other mechanisms that create degeneracy pressure (in compact stars) provide an acceleration, so they're not in free fall, any more than you are still in free fall when you smack into the Earth's surface (you may bounce!).

      For historical reasons -- and from intuitions from everyday life -- people focus more on reading right-to-left, and wonder how matter causes curvature and changes in distance. However, it is perfectly reasonable to flip that and wonder about the left-to-right picture. Namely, if curvature and changes in distance are can arise even in the absence of matter, how does matter resist being told where to go by the geometry? For regular matter and radiation, we already know the answers to that: the exchange of gauge bosons. For the dark matter, the answer is likely to be similar. We don't know enough about dark matter to do much more than speculate wildly about its equation of state. Otherwise the mass-energy behaves just like curvature (and changes in distance), and we know how the geometry interacts with itself even where the nonlinearity is relevant. And this simple answer is at the cost of retaining a fully classical geometric background, as we have in (for example) semiclassical gravity.

      Semiclassical gravity has been more useful in practice than right-to-left systems that require exchanges of gravitons or the like between fundamental particles. Proposed solutions to AMPS have included geometrization of entanglement and other features of QM or specific QFTs, and it is not wholly far-fetched to think that a unification theory will be geometrical, at which point the answer to your question "why does mass bend spacetime?" becomes: because mass *is* spacetime.

      Until then, except in the limit of strongly curved spacetime or extremely high-momentum-high-invariant-mass objects (which we cannot produce and do not clearly see in astronomical observations), the answer to "why does mass bend spacetime?" is, "it doesn't -- spacetime imparts momentum to it, and sometimes it can pile up in one place because that's where their curved geodesics take them". Substitute "how does curvature bend spacetime?" and the answer there is: the curvature follows a series of dynamic non-linear PDEs which show that the components of the tensor all contribute individually to curvature, or alternatively, that gravity self-gravitates. At which point you set an initial values surface and calculate away. If your IVS isn't entirely uniform, then you will end up with "clump

    60. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      So, if mass-energy is just along for the ride, why don't we see discrepancies between gravitational and inertial mass? Surely if there's not a causal linkage then you would have mass occasionally "escaping" from its "assigned" position and accumulating elsewhere.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    61. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not exactly sure what you are asking.

      We see a series of invariant quantities when we translate, rotate or boost from one flat geodesic to another. Those invariants may not be conserved where geodesics are curved. There are several ways to look at this. Firstly, *local* Lorentz invariance is the only promise of GR; there are no global promises (and in fact, the observable universe is enormously curved at cosmological scales ("lengths" along any of the four axes, where c=1). Secondly, GR has a series of more general symmetries than the Poincaré group provides SR. One of the important ones is, by Noether, the conservation of energy-momentum: the right hand side of the equation can give *all* its energy to the left, or vice-versa, in a generally covariant way.

      Inertia was built into GR because it was a useful way to narrow the possible set of coordinates with which to study GR as it applies in this universe (or toy models of subsets thereof). The existence of inertia is a postulate of most models (note, not just metrics or the GR framework), rather than something derived from relativity. There's a turn-your-head-upside-down exploration of this at http://www.mathpages.com/home/...

      The meat is in the second half of the second last paragraph. GR was explored starting with perturbations of the flat space metric, and it is normal still to think of free-falling objects in asymptotically flat space moving inertially (because, in part, "inertial frame of reference" is what more specialized theories of relativity -- SR and Galiliean, for instance -- call their special coordinate systems). However, it is reasonable to think of some aspects of geodesics in dynamical, curved spacetime as imparting an acceleration to test particles, even a "proper accelerometer" comoving with the test particle points nowhere in particular. One sees this used for real when introducing pseudogravitational fields to solve various GR problems, or even in real problems such as the apparent acceleration of the bulk of the Earth towards a test particle free falling on a geodesic its surface will intercept.

      "Mass" can be extremely different conceptually in GR and in SR. There are various "mass in General Relativity" articles out there, few are especially easy to grok imho.

      So one way to answer your first question "why don't we see discrepancies between gravitational and inertial mass?", the answer is variously [a] we can, it depends on how one states the equivalence principle (there are several EPs) [b] they're different in GR even if they are not always treated differently (especially in a region of asymptotically flat space), and mostly the equivalence is treated like a gauge symmetry or other symmetry, [c] the holographic principle can violate the EP dramatically in principle (this is relevant in the AMPS paradox, for example), as can various 3+1 gravity foliations, and probably other answers depending on which model, metric and coordinate systems one is using.

      "you would have mass occasionally "escaping" from its "assigned" position and accumulating elsewhere"

      Well, that's one problem with semiclassical gravity in the high energy limit -- an extremely compact massive excitation in a matter field may not localize well, so where does its gravity point to and how strong is it, or alternatively and equivalently, where does curvature tell it to "settle", and how does it "skip" from one such place to another (maybe it tunnels between "wells" ER style; or EPR style; maybe that's the same thing; the object doesn't know if most versions of the EP hold up )?

      So, one way to look at Hawking radiation is precisely what you are asking: field content somehow escapes from its "assigned" position inside the black hole's horizon and lands on another geodesic which takes it elsewhere (perhaps to infinity). You can treat this as interactions among all the dynamical curved spacetime causing geodesics to materialize right at the in

    62. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Ugh, feeling too sick to really wrap my head around that, so for now I'll settle on trying to clarify my question. Apologies if you've already answered.

      The are three things we commonly label "mass", and (so far as I understand) we have no real theory to explain why we always find them in the same ratio:
      Gravitational mass: Fg = G(m1+m2)/r^2 (in the Newtonian simplification)
      Inertial mass: F=ma
      mass-energy: E=mc^2

      If the particles (mass-energy) are "just along for the ride", then over the course of 14 billion years one would naively expect some fraction of particles to encounter just the right set of circumstance to "escape", such that they still have the same mass-energy, but are no longer at the center of a (tiny) "gravitational well" that alters the path of nearby objects. We could detect such a discrepancy by subjecting a sample to sufficiently precise measurements based on each of the three equations, but we have never yet seen such a thing (though admittedly I don't think we've often tested the mass-energy directly, if at all).

      As another thought experiment - I have a lead ball sufficiently large to clearly measure the gravitational "force" associated with it. I then move the ball. If the particles are "just along for the ride", why does the gravitational distortion move to follow the ball?

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    63. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry to hear you're not feeling well.

      The really short answer: mass is very very different in General Relativity than in Special Relativity, and there is no obvious a priori way to relate them to one another. So GR-ists tend to use the EP and the assumption of inertia to "translate" for SR-ists.

      But there's no reason not to modify or even outright discard the assumption of inertia in GR (in which it's a postulate, and is not derived).

      Your question in the second-last paragraph is an active area of reasearch and relates to black hole evaporation.

      Your question in the third paragraph can be answered right-to-left (mass distorts spacetime) as well as left-to-right (spacetime moves mass) in a variety of ways. One way is that when you accelerate the lead ball you move its individual components onto new geodesics and occupied geodesics and unoccupied geodesics interfere with each other (gravity is self-gravitating, it's the nonlinearity of the theory being exposed). You can calculate the same results either way, but most people choose the right-to-left view (as you do) because we are "matter bigots". :-) And that "matter bigotry" leads to awkward questions about the mechanisms of metric generation, whereas "curvature bigotry" gives you a set of obvious mechanisms for *everything* in free fall ("The Universality of Free Fall") and then looks at ways in which matter leaves free fall (for example, by collisions or exchanges of gauge bosons).

      PS: compare the first couple lines of the first answer in this section
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M...

    64. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just by way of followup, [a] hope you're better and [b] the principal reason why working scientists use QFT (on a flat or curved spacetime) to calculate scattering amplitudes and the like rather than use a dust or fluid (on a dynamic spacetime that does all the same actions as the QFT) is that both the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian approaches to studying the former are *much* easier to calculate today than the Lagrangians for the latter (and complete Hamiltonians do not yet exist for the latter). Largely that's because the Einstein Field Equations are parallel PDEs, and linearization and other approaches to reduce the analytical solutions to something tractable to calculate on real computers either diverge or require one to be very careful about initial values surfaces and so are of limited value.

      However, work on PDE theory in general is happening (mathematicians have an interest too) and there is a dual right there in GR, so some day one may well choose whatever approach one wants. And as I said above, if you want to see how gravitation works in the presence of other complex field interactions, a geometrical approach probably is more intuitive than trying to quantize the action of gravity, and is also more explicative of what is actually going on with real (quasi-)isolated matter in real space.

      Finally, this insight is not new or controversial. AdS/CFT is a dual that uses a spacetime that is unlike ours and a quantum field theory that is unlike the ones of the Standard Model, and lets one calculate hard problems in one as easier problems in the other. While AdS/CFT has limitations too, it has been extremely useful in exploring ways to quantize gravity, and to understand how quantum fields can be geometrized. (The string theories and M-thories for gravity that arose from AdS/CFT are far from my cup of tea, but they still produced interesting mathematics with which to study complex dynamic geometrical structures that are fully dual to complex dynamic matter fields).

    65. Re:I want this to be true, but... by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Thanks. My head is still stuffed full of cotton, but not constantly hurting everywhere has never felt so good. Nasty bug, though at least the worst of it only lasted a couple days.

      This does sound intruiging, and I'm going to try to come back to it once I can think clearly, but I have a feeling I don't have sufficient background to appreciate a lot of it.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  5. Warp drive in the making! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Had to read carefully to find this gem innocently hidden in the article:
    "The ultimate goal is to find out whether it is possible for a spacecraft traveling at conventional speeds to achieve effective superluminal speed by contracting space in front of it and expanding space behind it. The experimental results so far had been inconclusive."

  6. inventor? by jbmartin6 · · Score: 1

    If nobody knows how it works, how did the guy invent it?

    --
    This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
    1. Re:inventor? by jbmartin6 · · Score: 2
      Ah of course, as PvtVoid already posted:

      [T]he EM Drive’s thrust was due to the Quantum Vacuum (the quantum state with the lowest possible energy) behaving like propellant ions behave in a MagnetoHydroDynamics drive (a method electrifying propellant and then directing it with magnetic fields to push a spacecraft in the opposite direction) for spacecraft propulsion.

      So the recent test was trying to replicate the results in a vacuum to eliminate some unknown other factor as the explanation.

      --
      This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
    2. Re:inventor? by ScentCone · · Score: 4, Interesting

      If nobody knows how it works, how did the guy invent it?

      Just like penicillin.

      --
      Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
    3. Re:inventor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      See also: History of discovery by 'thats funny', or 'oops', or 'it shouldn't do that'.

    4. Re:inventor? by magarity · · Score: 1

      due to the Quantum Vacuum (the quantum state with the lowest possible energy)

      Does the battery look like a melted Tiffany lamp?

    5. Re:inventor? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      If nobody knows how it works, how did the guy invent it?

      LOTS of stuff gets invented without the inventor knowing HOW it works, underlying physics wise. All that's necessary is to notice THAT it works, work out some details of "if you do this much of this you get that much of that", and engineer a practical gadget.

      As they say, most fundamental discoveries don't go "Eureka!", they go "That's odd ..."

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    6. Re:inventor? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      If nobody knows how it works, how did the guy invent it?

      Just like penicillin.

      1. Bacteria invents it thru mutation and natural selection
      2. Humans discover it
      3. Conglomerate steals credit & patents it
      4. Profit!

      Look Ma, no "???" needed!

    7. Re:inventor? by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 0

      If nobody knows how it works, how did the guy invent it?

      4 simple steps:

      1-By working out exactly how improbable it is.
      2- Feeding that figure into his computer.
      3- Giving it a fresh cup of really hot tea.
      4- Turning it on.

      Just watch out for the rampaging mob of formerly respectable physicists who don't like smart asses.

    8. Re:inventor? by ScentCone · · Score: 1

      Conglomerate steals credit & patents it

      Which, of course, is BS and not at all how it actually happened. Which you know.

      They guy who observed the mold's properties was terrible at communicating his thoughts about it, and had trouble getting help from chemists to stabilize the important stuff. TEN YEARS go buy, and other researchers get the work done. Then THEY travel to the US to find drug manufacturers that might be interested in taking on the complex task of mass production.

      You know, pretty much the opposite of your troll list.

      --
      Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
    9. Re:inventor? by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 1

      Inventions often arise from discoveries. e.g. Primitive people didn't have to understand the physics of combustion to create the fire that roasted their mammoth. Science is often all about throwing sh*t at a wall, seeing what sticks then circling back to figure out why.

      --
      Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
    10. Re:inventor? by Kartu · · Score: 1

      Parent post deserves more than 1 point.

    11. Re:inventor? by iMadeGhostzilla · · Score: 1

      You may be surprised but same was true with jet engines: some people put together something that works, no one understood why, and they kept improving it experimentally, while the theory came later, in "lame, bean-counter kind of way" as Nassim Taleb describes, in an attempt to account for what happened. Even with the theory, they couldn't make more engines without calling in the guys who made the original ones worked. I checked the references (you can google for it), appears to be true. In fact turns out most of the discoveries were made in the lab, without knowing why, and theory came later. Only in the last couple of generations we were made to believe that understanding "how"/"why" i.e. the theory comes first.

    12. Re:inventor? by jbmartin6 · · Score: 1

      People have understood how fireworks worked for thousand of years. One might accidentally stumble across penicillin, but it beggars the imagination to suppose one could accidentally build a jet engine without some idea of how thrust works. Perhaps another aspect of the operation was not understood, but Frank Whittle et al. *intended* to build an engine, not some other device that turned out to be a great engine. I did as you suggested, and my searches turned up nothing other than what I have described. I would appreciate if you could supply one of the references you were speaking about.

      --
      This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
    13. Re:inventor? by iMadeGhostzilla · · Score: 1

      I understand they did intend -- from what we know now -- to build some sort of engine but the theory was not available to support it so they tried everything to see what sticks -- which was a reference to the EM drive. This is what the search turned out (was surprisingly difficult I'll admit) -- Phil Scranton is a professor of history of technology at Rutger who researched the subject:

      "Philip Scranton used the history of the development of jet propulsion in the United
      States after 1945 to probe the validity of the linear model, and found little
      to no support for it. In critical areas of technology, basic science could not
      offer help because it was in too rudimentary a state. Jet engine innovation was
      “Edisonian,” Scranton concluded, as “it was a contingent, negotiated struggle with the material world’s
      capabilities and limits, a fierce effort to defeat failure along with the Soviets [...]"
      http://www.ghi-dc.org/publicat...

      This is the original text, Antifragile by Nassim Taleb where I read that first:

      "Scranton showed that we have been building and using jet engines in a completely trial-and-error experiential manner, without anyone truly understanding the theory. Builders needed the original engineers who knew how to twist things to make the engine work. Theory came later, in a lame way, to satisfy the intellectual bean counter. But that's not what you tend to read in standard histories of technology: my son, who studies aerospace engineering, was not aware of this. Scranton was polite and focused on situations in which innovation is messy, distinguished from more familiar analytic and synthetic innovation approaches, as if the latter were the norm, which it is obviously not.

      I looked for more stories, and the historian of technology David Edgerton presented me with a quite shocking one. We think of cybernetics—which led to the cyber in cyberspace—as invented by Norbert Wiener in 1948. The historian of engineering David Mindell debunked the story, he showed that Wiener was articulating ideas about feedback control and digital computing that had long been in practice in the engineering world. Yet people—even today's engineers—have the illusion that we owe the field to Wiener's mathematical thinking. "

    14. Re:inventor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We still don't know exactly how aspirin works either. Yet, we use it all the time.

      There are tons of inventions out there where the exact mechanism by which it operates is unknown.

    15. Re:inventor? by jbmartin6 · · Score: 1

      That is really interesting, thanks for the information! The summary and article gave me the impression they had no idea how the EM drive worked, but I guess they had a vague idea that it might work, and stumbled on this setup.

      --
      This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
    16. Re:inventor? by iMadeGhostzilla · · Score: 1

      You're welcome, I was quite surprised as well. Coming from comp-eng background I kind of guessed that things would have worked with or without Norbert Wiener's theory, but thought that computer engineering was the exception and in real sciences theory always comes first. But that theory came first is written in the textbooks by theoreticians, it seems.

      I guess many of us were raised to believe in theory first -- here's another slashdot comment on the topic:

      "Actually this is the one criterion missing from the list of "what would it take to convince you that it is real": a viable theory as to how the drive works which makes a prediction that can be tested by another experiment."

      and a reply that set the record straight: "That the device works is proven engineering. Why it works is unresolved science."

    17. Re:inventor? by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      I find it interesting that people assume that invention often follows science. The only devices I can think of where that was the case are the laser and semiconductor tech.
      Granted those are important in the modern day and age, but most things we use were invented in primitive form, next the theory behind the working was discovered, next the device was massively improved based on the theory, next the theory was improved based on anomalies in the improved device, repeat.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
  7. SlashTabloid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Don't write "physics-defying", this is not a tabloid for uneducated morons, or is it? Nothing is physics-defying, motherfucker.

    1. Re:SlashTabloid by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      Don't write "physics-defying", this is not a tabloid for uneducated morons, or is it? Nothing is physics-defying, motherfucker.

      That one is kind of like the in-joke line from Star Trek IV the Voyage Home, when Spock is testing his memory of science and history in front of the cool UV colored computer panel, one of the questions he is asked is:

      "What was Kerra Kim Phosphor's First Law of Metaphysics?" to which his answer was, that "Nothing Unreal Exists."

      Loved that one.

  8. Awesome!!! I'm so excited by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    and I don't even know what all that means

  9. physics is wrong.. no need to expell by I4ko · · Score: 0

    Not saying this is how this thing works, but you don't need propellant. It already uses waves. You can set it so at one of the half period the waves amplify each other, and some physical piece goes into a resonance, yet on the other half period the waves cancel each other. What you get in the end is one way directed vibration. Subject something to that long enough and it will accelerate. It is the same as if you are locked in a cage and bump yourself against the wall - the cage eventually moves. yet nothing is expelled outside of the cage.

    1. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by dpidcoe · · Score: 2

      It is the same as if you are locked in a cage and bump yourself against the wall - the cage eventually moves. yet nothing is expelled outside of the cage.

      Doesn't that only work because of static friction though? Bump hard enough to break the static friction and scoot across the floor, then move slowly when reversing such that you don't break the static friction on the way back.

    2. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Un-huh, and what exactly are you pushing against to generate the force you impact the cage with?

    3. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by I4ko · · Score: 1

      Correct.. But you can jump inside the case as well. When you are not into contact with it, it just transfer your momentum. Imagine that you apply X amount of momentum when you are inside the case to bump into a wall, yet apply only half to return to the center of the cage. At the end you have X/2 momentum applied over the cage wall for your entire movement. If you use waves to carry particles, or accelerate particles through EM, you can do the same. Accelerate them for a time X till they bump into the container, then accelerate them back with X/2 to move them back inside.. Since the container is heavy you can't accelerate it with the EM changes, only the particles inside, then repeat.. Not very effective, but with a big and light container and a lot of particles inside (you want them to stay inside) the container will eventually get moving even in the frictionless environment of space. And the nice part it you can actually leave some of the effort to return the particles to their original positions to diffusion. All you have to do is manipulate where in the volume the mass is and how it is distributed.

    4. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by dpidcoe · · Score: 1

      Correct.. But you can jump inside the case as well. When you are not into contact with it, it just transfer your momentum.

      ....that's literally the same thing? Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If you transfer momentum while in the air, you're going to move back and continue moving back until you contact something (the bottom or opposite wall of the cage). If you were in a frictionless vacuum, the momentum would cancel as soon as you hit the opposite wall. In this case it doesn't transfer back again because of static friction.

    5. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by I4ko · · Score: 1

      No, not really.. Imagine a box. make it a 2d square to make it simpler. you have sides names a, b, c, d (c is opposite of a, d is opposite of b). Have a few particles in the center.. now accelerate them via EM field towards side a, until they collide with it. They have transferred momentum to side a. Now accelerate them back, towards c, but with a lower force, so it takes them more time to reach c (or just allow them to diffuse because of Brownian motion and skip the next step). Now, before they actually reach c, you accelerate them towards b and d sides with a comb like fields. The particles collide with b and d, effectively cancelling out the momentums on each side, so you reverse the filed until you put them in the center and accelerate towards a again. So at the end, over time you will get a single non-zero vector of the force being applied on a (all others cancel each other out). The tricky part is to be able to split the particles equally in half and collide them in a plane perpendicular to the plane of motion so they cancel each other (or wait long enough for diffusion).. no friction required.

    6. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by dpidcoe · · Score: 1

      You've basically just described taping a magnet to a pole and suspending it in front of your car in order to make it go forwards, only in a slightly more complex way such that it's hard to see that's what's being proposed.

      You seem to be forgetting that accelerating the particle towards A produces a backwards force. By the same token, diverting it sideways doesn't cancel out whatever backwards momentum it still contains, nor does hitting other particles to slow down (they hit other particles in turn and eventually transfer all the way to the back).

    7. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by I4ko · · Score: 1

      You forger that when a particle changes its heading due to an EM field, the particle only affects the EM field locally and not the EM field generator. Hence there is no magnet on a pole (no Munchausen pulling himself out of the mire). It is not a perpetum mobile as energy is constantly being brought into the system by the EM field generator power supply.

    8. Re:physics is wrong.. no need to expell by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      It is the same as if you are locked in a cage and bump yourself against the wall - the cage eventually moves. yet nothing is expelled outside of the cage.

      No- it is *not* like that.
      This is like you throwing yourself against the wall, and it reacting with the force of a Saturn V.

  10. Conservation of momentum by Comrade+Ogilvy · · Score: 1

    There is no law of physics that says physical propellant is necessary. Any light bulb and mirror can create momentum, with no propellant expended. SF writers have known for a long time that, in principle, electromagnetic effects like powerful lasers can create thrust. I need more details to make sense of this article.

    1. Re:Conservation of momentum by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      In the situation you describe the photons are your propellant. In this EM drive the propellant is hypothetically particles popping into existence within the drive which are then accelerated by the microwaves and then disappear before hitting the rear wall.

    2. Re:Conservation of momentum by JimFive · · Score: 2

      Any light bulb and mirror can create momentum, with no propellant expended. SF writers have known for a long time that, in principle, electromagnetic effects like powerful lasers can create thrust.

      By expelling photons, which are then acting as a propellant.
      --
      JimFive

      --
      Please stop using the word theory when you mean hypothesis.
    3. Re:Conservation of momentum by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      No, but we do know the momentum of photons having a given energy, and we're talking about a lot more apparent momentum change than can be accounted for by the energy used.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    4. Re:Conservation of momentum by cbhacking · · Score: 3, Informative

      Leaving aside the fact that light has momentum and therefore is sufficiently "physical" a propellant for this example, and the fact that this thing produces orders of magnitudes more thrust than a few Watts worth of photons could impart, you're still missing a really key problem:

      You can impart momentum on a mirror by shining a flashlight on it, but you can't impart momentum on a sealed box by having a lit flashlight *inside* it!

      The EmDrive uses a sealed cavity. There's nowhere for any propellant to come out, even if there were any!

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    5. Re:Conservation of momentum by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 1

      Yes, but unlike reaction drives you are not carrying around a tank of photons that you impart energy upon to sling them out the a** end of your rocket. Both photon drives and the experiment are not carrying anything but energy yet managed to produce (or seem to produce) thrust. The part that's annoying people is that the experiment seems to be doing so at orders of magnitude greater than the photon drive. It's kind of like challenging the existence of a religious person's god. It tends to ruffle their feathers a bit.

      --
      Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
    6. Re:Conservation of momentum by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      It's kind of like challenging the existence of a religious person's god.

      I think it's more like showing them direct evidence that their God doesn't exist. If this isn't a measurement problem or some incredibly overlooked aspect of relativity or QED, then the world is fucked. Once conservation of momentum is violated, we might as well throw in the towel, Einstein was wrong- the Universe *isn't* comprehensible.

    7. Re:Conservation of momentum by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      100,000x as much, in fact.

    8. Re:Conservation of momentum by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      It's kind of like challenging the existence of a religious person's god.

      I think it's more like showing them direct evidence that their God doesn't exist. If this isn't a measurement problem or some incredibly overlooked aspect of relativity or QED, then the world is fucked. Once conservation of momentum is violated, we might as well throw in the towel, Einstein was wrong- the Universe *isn't* comprehensible.

      You act like we have lost something when we may have gained something. (hypothetically speaking that is, provided this reaction-less effect is found to be real.) A hint clueing us into a more thorough and complete understanding of how the universe actually operates. We would do the opposite of throwing in the towel, because we would need to use that towel to wipe away the sweat of all the hard work that is now cut out for us! Yes initially the realization that we don't know all that we thought we know would be disheartening, but if we are smart, we get over it quickly and get on with learning, researching and building new things and changing the world! No this would not be the end of the world as you imply, it would me more like the beginning of a new type of physics being explored and used, in much the same way that Einstein's relativity is used to correct the calculations used in the GPS satellite and receiver system, we would have an understanding of how it is possible to create reaction-less drives and how they generate thrust.. and their power consumption and how those energies can be translated into one another and how efficient the energy transfers involved are. I am all for this being the case.

    9. Re:Conservation of momentum by Boronx · · Score: 1

      It would just mean it's more nuanced than we originally thought. If our very simple concepts turn out to be only mostly correct, it wouldn't be the first time.

    10. Re:Conservation of momentum by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      I don't know. The implication is that we can leverage more momentum from a system than we put into it. This is a concept that is going to make any Scientist's hair bristle. Even if we're pushing against the nothingness of space, using static friction against some quantum vacuum, it's still generating more momentum than we put into it in the form of low-energy photons. This is a bomb on fucking beaver cleaver-ville. It implies that there is some macro-scale reaction against the universe that is possible that allows photons to impart more momentum into a system than they actually have.

      More likely, is it's a measuring error or some reaction against a local field of the test-rig/Earth.

    11. Re:Conservation of momentum by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

      I totally understand what you're saying, and I agree entirely, except when it comes to conservation of momentum. It's a simple concept that is necessary for this Universe to make any sense and be stable in any way. If photons could grant a system more momentum than those photons actually possess, then there are plenty of cosmological phenomenon that could result in practically infinite momentum increase, linear or angular. That's a tough pill to swallow.

    12. Re:Conservation of momentum by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      I totally understand what you're saying, and I agree entirely, except when it comes to conservation of momentum. It's a simple concept that is necessary for this Universe to make any sense and be stable in any way.

      Not really. There may be well-defined circumstances in which it can be violated, which rarely occur in the "natural" order of things. In theory, planets can make their own functional electronic circuits through ordinary volcanic and geologic processes, in practice... 42, I guess. It has long been observed that the laws of physics seem to break down at very high and very low energy states. If they behave themselves at most other times, then most things will behave in a way that is highly predictable at most times.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    13. Re:Conservation of momentum by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      The EmDrive uses a sealed cavity. There's nowhere for any propellant to come out, even if there were any!

      sure, the only thing it could do if it remained sealed would be emit black body radiation, and the whole reason this report is interesting is that it's apparently moving a lot more than you'd get from such a result. well, perhaps it could offgas, that's been mentioned elsewhere.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    14. Re:Conservation of momentum by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      Einstein was wrong- the Universe *isn't* comprehensible.

      Every time humanity comes close to explaining the universe the universe is replaced seamlessly with something more silly.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
  11. Why are people posting this nonsense? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 0

    it appears to violate conventional physics and the law of conservation of momentum;
    No, it does not, otherwise it would not work.

    the engine, invented by British scientist Roger Sawyer, converts electric power to thrust without the need for any propellant by bouncing microwaves within a closed container. So, with no expulsion of propellant, thereâ(TM)s nothing to balance the change in the spacecraftâ(TM)s momentum during acceleration.
    The expulsion (should that not be expulsion or something?) are micro waves ... hence the name: EM drive.

    I really wonder how retarded the /. community and in general the science community got meanwhile.

    There is no violation of any physical law as we know it in EM drives. If you believe otherwise, point one out.

    --
    Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    1. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      it appears to violate conventional physics and the law of conservation of momentum;
      No, it does not, otherwise it would not work..

      While something appearing to violate conventional physics is damned good reason to be skeptical, it isn't proof that it was a mirage. We've falsified conventional physics many times in history and upgraded physics thereby.

    2. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nope, they're not. It's generating three orders of magnitude more thrust than would be generated merely by the momentum of emitted microwaves.

    3. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There's no violation of known laws - but it also doesn't expel microwaves, it converts their energy to inertial mass. The ideal EMDrive would have a cavity with an ultra-high Q-factor (like a superconductor). It works off the relativistic effects experiences when the waves are attenuated inside the cavity.

    4. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by wiggles · · Score: 1

      At the same time, when you hear hoofbeats, you think horses, not zebras.

      The problem we're having is a whole bunch of people claiming we have unicorns.

      Let's wait and see what happens before we all go to Mars, eh?

    5. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      it appears to violate conventional physics and the law of conservation of momentum;
      No, it does not, otherwise it would not work.

      Someone in a fancy robe said something similar to Galileo once...

    6. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I see your missing the point. When you put food in a microwave why don't the microwaves push the food around?

      The reason for this is that it is just energy, yes we can move objects with just energy but it does not generate thrust. Just a constant field that repels objects, once your outside that field no thrust. if you map this field then you quickly see that no energy is gained or lost, just potentials are changed. For thrust you need to push against something constantly. To do this with such fields would require an ever increasing field, and since field decay is important to the reciprocal of the radius squared the energy requirement for this would be impossibly large.

      Okay, but the microwaves are pushing off the cone, right? Well maybe, but newtons 3rd law states that for every force there will be an equal and opposite force. Thus the emitter should also see that it is being pushed against thus resulting on no thrust. Previously the only ways known to convert energy into thrust were to have some physical object do the pushing for us. One example is to heat water until it boils, thus push with steam. Another is Ion engines which ionize matter around them then attract it to another plate thus causing force as the matter moves past. In all cases there is some matter involved even if it is a tiny amount.
      The logic behind the argument that the microwaves are pushing it has some problems. If the microwaves could push objects this way, then microwaves would not work as they would take off, neither would any wireless technology, or radios, all for the same reason. They would push against their environment and would quickly break, especially radio towers. (including cell phone tower, there is so much power in one of those that the tower would be crushed almost instantly)

      This engine has the potential to revolutionize physics to the same degree as the discovery of a monopole magnet. This doesn't mean it will, but it is definitely a very interesting area that merits investigation.

    7. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      it appears to violate conventional physics and the law of conservation of momentum;
      No, it does not, otherwise it would not work..

      While something appearing to violate conventional physics is damned good reason to be skeptical, it isn't proof that it was a mirage. We've falsified conventional physics many times in history and upgraded physics thereby.

      Violate is the wrong word, it is a better indicator that our current explanation of what is happening and how things work is not entirely correct or accurate as we think it is. Skeptical is a good thing to be. This is what makes science better than religion, because the scientific method, properly wielded, has a built in error correcting mechanism called peer-review.

    8. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Pluvius · · Score: 1, Funny

      it appears to violate conventional physics and the law of conservation of momentum;
      No, it does not, otherwise it would not work.

      A theoretical physicist, an applied physicist, and an engineer walk into a bar.
      The engineer says, "Thanks barkeep, may I have another?"
      The bartender bets the three that he can serve them beer at FTL speeds.
      The theoretical physicist says, "Preposterous! That would violate all sorts of fundamental laws including causality!"
      The applied physicist says, "If it works, it doesn't matter what your theory says!"

    9. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > At the same time, when you hear hoofbeats, you think horses, not zebras.

      > The problem we're having is a whole bunch of people claiming we have unicorns.

      The problem is that some people are then insisting that because unicorns don't exist, you can't possibly be hearing hoofbeats.

    10. Re:Why are people posting this nonsense? by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 1

      I don't care about hearing anything. I want to throw the damn thing up into space and see if we get delta-v. Then we can hypothesize whether we heard anything and if so what the hell animal it was. Given the apparent reproducibility of something so profoundly game changing surely we're at a point to merit putting this thing on orbit to finally decide if we have something here.

      --
      Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
  12. A perfect combination by DrJimbo · · Score: 5, Funny

    They say one of the limiting factors (aside from violating the laws of physics) is the political will to launch a large nuclear power plant into space. The solution is obvious: use Cold Fusion to power the EM drive. There is great efficiency here because they can get two Nobel prizes with only one gadget.

    --
    We don't see the world as it is, we see it as we are.
    -- Anais Nin
    1. Re:A perfect combination by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      use Cold Fusion to power the EM drive.

      That's for amateurs. Elite engineers use a perpetual motion machine (PPM) to power it. In fact, skip the EMD, just use the PPM to power the whole damned ship. Keep it simple.

    2. Re:A perfect combination by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And. it also heat up a space dinner for the astronauta. Sadly, it doesn't want to make babies with them, the astronauta.

    3. Re:A perfect combination by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      They say one of the limiting factors (aside from violating the
      laws of physics) is the political will to launch a large nuclear
      power plant into space. The solution is obvious: use Cold Fusion
      to power the EM drive. There is great efficiency here because
      they can get two Nobel prizes with only one gadget.

      Cold fusion.. well I loved how in the show Stargate Universe, it turned out the ship, the Destiny, was powered by solar plasma that it collected by diving into a star and scooping some out.. I don't know about you, but I don't really want to go on that ride.

    4. Re:A perfect combination by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You don't even need cold fusion. Just some well-contained good ole' fashioned hot fusion.

      http://www.eweek.com/news/lockheed-martin-claims-sustainable-fusion-is-within-its-grasp.html

  13. A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    A lovely summary from the Physics StackExchange which sums up my thoughts:

    "The initial tests were at atmospheric pressure. To test the fan hypothesis, an easy way is to vary the pressure, another easy way is to put dust in the air to see the air-currents. The experimenters didn't do any of this (or at least didn't publish it if they did), instead, they ran the device inside a vacuum chamber but at ambient pressure after putting it through a vacuum cycle to simulate space. This is not a vacuum test, but it can mislead one on a first read.

    In response to criticism of this faux-vacuum test, they did a second test in a real vacuum. This time, they used a torsion pendulum to find a teeny-tiny thrust of no relation to the first purported thrust. The second run in vacuum has completely different effects, possibly due to interactions between charge building up on the device and metallic components of the torsion pendulum, possibly due to deliberate misreporting by these folks, who didn't bother to explain what was going on in the first experiments they hyped up. Since they didn't bother to do a any systematic analysis of the effect on the first run, to vary air-pressure, look at air flows with dust, whatever, or if they did this they didn't bother to admit their initial error, this is not particularly honest experimental work, and there's not much point in talking about it any more. These folks are simply wasting people's time."

    http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/23725/is-the-emdrive-or-relativity-drive-possible

    In conclusion, they did a really really bad experiment and got a bad result. Wow!

    1. Re:A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Agreed. Except...that was from 3 years ago.

      The new tests from NASA have yet to be satisfactorily explained...

    2. Re:A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Agreed. Except...that was from 3 years ago.

      The new tests from NASA have yet to be satisfactorily explained...

      Well, the first set of experiments demonstrated either open incompetence or dishonesty. A quick read of the most recent set looks similar and got "published" on internet forums. The authors didn't even try and get anything peer reviewed.

      That raises enough red flags that the default position isn't "hey, this needs to be satisfactorily explained". The default position is "I don't think so. I'll start to listen if you can get it through peer review".

    3. Re:A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's NASA, the bureaucracy will take two more years to explain anything at all...

    4. Re:A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The new tests have nothing to do with NASA. The discussion comes from NASA Spaceflight which is a site absolutely unrelated to NASA. So... that.

    5. Re:A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But...But... the null hypothesis was proven false!

    6. Re:A lovely summary from StackExchange by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am astonished by how much everybody talks about this topic without having even tried to read the paper published last summer. Fourth page:
      "To simulate the space pressure environment, the test rig is rolled into the test chamber. After sealing the
      chamber, the test facility vacuum pumps are used to reduce the environmental pressure down as far as 5x10E-6 Torr."
      White performed the experiment IN VACUUM. OBVIOUSLY.

  14. I believe the movie Primer by CuredPorkBelly · · Score: 1

    was based on the physics of this theory. So real world results will prove very interesting when time travel is thrown into the equation.

    1. Re:I believe the movie Primer by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      was based on the physics of this theory. So real world results will prove very interesting when time travel is thrown into the equation.

      Based on that logic, while we are at it, we might want to interview Simon Pegg and get his expert opinion, seeing as he is Mr. Scott, chief engineer of the U.S.S. Enterprise.

      And, true story, I am eating an apple while writing this, and I have an orange on my plate, perhaps we can compare them.

  15. Eddy currents by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The other thing you get when you generate RF is eddy currents in nearby materials, generating magnetic fields from nearby materials. Nothing to see here, move along...

  16. Where to send check? by WindBourne · · Score: 1

    Try NASA or the guy that invented it.

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  17. Ok...Manuvering thrusters.. aaand by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

    Impulse Power Mr Cuthulu!

  18. I'm not holding my breath waiting for superluminal by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

    this gem ... hidden in the article:

    "... whether it is possible for a spacecraft traveling at conventional speeds to achieve effective superluminal speed by contracting space in front of it and expanding space behind it. ..."

    They've been playing at that for a while. It would allegedly work by creating a condition of cosmic expansion behind the craft and its converse in front of it, so the spacecraft is in a bubble where it's running slower than lightspeed (i.e. stopped) but the cosmic expansion and contraction regions behind and ahead of it each total to the opposite sides retreating or advancing faster than light (which is allowable).

    I'm not holding my breath waiting for that to fall out of this - or anything. Effective superluminal translates to "Sending messaages into the past." and "Violating causality." if you pick your reference frames correctly. So I expect flies to appear in this ointment at some point: Like something broken about what happens at the sides, needing big-bang energy levels (and not being able to transfer them between the front and back so they're free), or not being able to set up the condition in front because the agency making it happen must involve actual superluminal signal propagation.

    Nevertheless, an "electric motor" that works by pushing against virtual particle-antiparticle pairs (or the total mass of the matter in the universe, or of an inverse-square weighting-by-distance of it so it's mostly the local stuff, or dark matter, or the neutrino background, or whatever), instead of ejected exhaust, is just DANDY! Let's see if they can make it work for real at human-palpable, nontrivial, efficiencies and power levels.

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  19. Where's the loose wire? by Chalnoth · · Score: 1

    This would be really awesome and exciting if it really worked, but, well, it's apparently challenging models of physics which have withstood a tremendously diverse battery of scientific tests. Smart money is on the measurements being a mistake with the experimental apparatus.

  20. ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    [eliminating the need to carry propellant]...violate conservation of momentum by invoking some sort of vaguely defined quantum woo...

    What are we calling "propellant"? It requires power to generate the radiation. How is this diff than say an ion engine? It needs SOME energy source, just not necessarily traditional sources such as flammable chemicals.

    And as the radiation bounces around inside the Gumby-head-shaped chamber, it does lose some energy on each bounce such that the radiation generator has keep doing its job.

    What's unknown is if we get "bonus" energy beyond what say an ion engine can do with the same amount of electricity.

    The speculation is kind of like cold-fusion for space: direct matter-to-energy conversion without the messy side-effects such as high temperatures and dangerous radiation found in traditional nuclear reactors.

    1. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by Fwipp · · Score: 1

      Ion Engines throw ions out the back at very high speeds. Those ions (matter) are the propellant, like xenon. This means you gotta accelerate all the fuel that you're bringing with you - and that it's possible to run out of fuel.

      If this device works as claimed, you could conceivably convert any energy source (nuclear, solar panels, whatever) and turn that directly into acceleration, even in the void of deep space.

    2. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A simple pressurized container (like an inflated party balloon) can be opened, releasing the contents, providing thrust. The contents are the propellant.

      A traditional chemical rocket combines reactants, and the ensuing reaction accelerates the byproducts out of the engine at a high velocity. The reactants (fuel) are the energy source, the byproducts are the propellant.

      An ion drive accelerates the ions and spits them out at extremely high velocity. It needs an energy source, and the ions (the propellant).

      This drive generates microwaves within a fully enclosed resonating chamber *without* spitting anything out. It needs an energy source, but no propellant.

      There are a number of theories about the physics behind how these drives. None of them involve any "vaguely defined quantum woo", but there's not yet enough evidence to decide which is correct, if any.

    3. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      *without* spitting anything out.

      But no known container is 100% radiation-leak-proof. Thus, energy is leaking out of the container in some form. Even heat can generate thrust, as the "Pioneer anomaly" investigation showed. I would assume they accounted for that.

      But it would be cool if they discovered the lopsided chamber resulted in the conversion of microwave radiation into dark energy or dark matter, which seem difficult to measure, explaining the puzzlement.

      Flying saucers: just around the corner?

    4. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by cbhacking · · Score: 1

      Yep. An ion engine also can't be closed at the back the way the EmDrive is; the emitted particles (ions) would hit it and bounce, canceling out the thrust they provided.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    5. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by cerberusti · · Score: 1

      The results say this is generating orders of magnitude more thrust than could be explained by radiation pressure (which is what you are describing.) It may contribute a little bit, but cannot explain the results.

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    6. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      It's interesting researchers say the efficiency falls off at higher power. That suggests it *is* quantum-related, because quantum stuff always seems to have tricky walls that limit its practical use. God doesn't only play dice with the universe, but teases us with near misses.

    7. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      That would certainly be cool, but unfortunately it wouldn't produce any more thrust (per unit energy) than a conventional photon drive. (Less, in fact.)

      I suppose in principle the device could be propelling the ambient dark matter. That would be kind of cool too, though probably difficult to prove.

    8. Re:ion engine compare? [Re:This again?] by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Recheck the pioneer anomaly analysis. The residual difference *was* within the error bars they generated, but look at exactly what magnitude it was and whether there appears to be a coincidence there.

  21. Radiation pressure by thunderdanp · · Score: 1

    I wonder if radiation pressure from the solar panels supply the power would alternatively augment or inhibit the effectiveness of this drive.

  22. Where we need to get to call this real by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 1

    Before we call this real, we need to put one on some object in orbit, leave it in continuous operation, and use it to raise the orbit by a measurable amount large enough that there would not be argument regarding where it came from. The Space Station would be just fine. It has power for experiments that is probably sufficient and it has a continuing problem of needing to raise its orbit.

    And believe me, if this raises the orbit of the Space Station they aren't going to want to disconnect it after the experiment. We spend a tremendous amount of money to get additional Delta-V to that thing, and it comes down if we don't.

    1. Re:Where we need to get to call this real by wiggles · · Score: 2

      Before we put it on the ISS, let's start by putting one on a cheap metal box with some dumb sensors and communication equipment on it. I'd rather test this on something that doesn't have somebody living in it.

    2. Re:Where we need to get to call this real by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 1

      It's a radio transmitter in a can. It would take an even larger departure from known physics to make it go boom. We have a good deal of experience with radio transmitters in space.

  23. Please stop calling it "NASA's" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It was made by a guy in his garage who "published" the test results and the concept behind it online seeking either to get the credit or attain financial support to continue working on it. From there everyone more or less called him a whacko until it was tested by the Chinese who published in one of their journals - Chinese journals have a tendency to publish fake reports so people still considered it fringe science at best. A bunch of other independent researchers (people in their garages) then tested it and reported success on various websites. Then NASA decided to test it. It was never, not even remotely, created by NASA - they will at best draw attention to it so the original creator can get the credit and reap the rewards but in any case it is a horrible misstatement to attribute the idea to NASA in any way.

  24. Science requires a certain agnosticism by frog_strat · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If you learn of an alleged unusual phenomenon, and you have an immediate rigid response, please stay away from science. Go into religion or politics. The only appropriate response is "Hmmm interesting, let's look into this". Human knowledge is always provisional. Careless, absolute, knowledge claims are the currency of religion.

    1. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In My experience such a rigid Person should not even go into religion.

    2. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      i certainly hope it pans out. so far the chinese, the english(?) and north americans have shown it does. so leave the ortodoxy aside and get the thing working. remember the heavier-than-air airshi debate? if this pans out, it might open up a new field for physics

    3. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by joe_frisch · · Score: 2

      There is an old saying that you should keep your mind open, but not so open that your brains leak out.

      When someone claims a violation of very well tested physical laws, AND that violation is not under some new unusual condition, it is very reasonable to be skeptical.

      It this was seen with TeV protons at LHC, or in ultra-strong electric fields, or in strong gravity, or other unusual conditions it would be different. Physicists paid attention to the (later dis-proven) FTL neutrinos from CERN because that experiment was a new measurement under different conditions (very high energy neutrinos). We all expected (correctly as it turned out) that the effect was an instrumentation error, but we paid a lot of attention because it was possibly it was something extraordinary. This isn't.

    4. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by dcollins · · Score: 1

      "The only appropriate response is 'Hmmm interesting, let's look into this'."

      Sometimes the appropriate response is, "I don't have time for this nonsense". There's always a cost/benefit assessment with one's time about how likely a claimed effect is to be real -- or how important.

      --
      We know where leadership by an anti-intellectual "strongman" who scapegoats minorities and likes boisterous rallies goes
    5. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >Careless, absolute, knowledge claims are the currency of religion.

      This absolute statement was written quite carelessly.

    6. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by frog_strat · · Score: 1

      I am not sure where you are going with this, maybe trying to create a class of claims that should be always dismissed outright ? Thomas Kuhn and others have pointed out how unfortunately significant the impact upon reason by consciousness, can be. In his writings, this sabotage by emotion to quickly dismiss, is directly at the center of the problems described in the book. And the solution is simple: There is no need to take a position without investigating. If the claim is interesting, then investigate. This premature position taking is the fuel that keeps dogmatic religion going.

      I do not think that jumping to rigid positions quickly is a good strategy. I am probably talking more psychology than philosophy at this point. I have read that openness to new experience is actually a core trait, and it is hard to imagine this not being involved.

    7. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by frog_strat · · Score: 1

      Ok, permit me to rephrase it. Most religions require the taking on of theological / epistemological positions that are unwarranted for a multitude of reasons. Which is odd in a way, since I think [intellectual] honesty would be high on the list of character traits one would want to aspire to. I was raised in such a tradition and it came as quite a surprise to me that we cannot even be sure what our original sacred texts said, due to the large number of differences in the remaining copies. So building these large theological structures on little pieces of sentences starts to look like a really bad idea.

      The Agnostic Manifesto: If I don't know something, I don't say I know it.

    8. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by Dread_ed · · Score: 1

      As punishment, lets leave all the "Warp Deniers" on Earth when we travel to Alpha Centauri.

      I think you give humans too much credit in your last sentence. Careless, absolute knowledge claims are the default position of the human brain. Fortunately we have developed the scientific method and it works moderately well at counterbalancing that natural human predisposition.

      --
      When the only tool you have is a claw hammer every problem starts to look like the back of someone's skull.
    9. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by frog_strat · · Score: 1

      I too may not have the time or interest and may ignore a claim. But I don't call that science. And I don't take a position on it. It simply goes into the "need further investigation" drawer.

    10. Re:Science requires a certain agnosticism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I wish I could mod you up beyond 5.

  25. Would useful fricking links be too much to ask for by Crashmarik · · Score: 1

    Seriously in the links provided there was absolutely nothing that made it possible to evaluate the claims.

  26. This is not a photon drive by DrJimbo · · Score: 3, Informative

    The expulsion (should that not be expulsion or something?) are micro waves ... hence the name: EM drive.

    What you are describing is a photon drive where photons are the propellant. But the fine article explains:

    After consistent reports of thrust measurements from EM Drive experiments in the US, UK, and China -- at thrust levels several thousand times in excess of a photon rocket, and now under hard vacuum conditions -- the question of where the thrust is coming from deserves serious inquiry.

    The reason I don't believe it is real is the same reason I don't believe cold fusion is real. They put in metric ton-loads of energy and measure a very small effect. They say they will need to increase the efficiency by many orders of magnitude to create a practical device. I say they probably made a mistake somewhere and the tiny effect they measured is either noise or due to something else they haven't yet accounted for.

    --
    We don't see the world as it is, we see it as we are.
    -- Anais Nin
    1. Re:This is not a photon drive by naasking · · Score: 1

      They put in metric ton-loads of energy and measure a very small effect. They say they will need to increase the efficiency by many orders of magnitude to create a practical device. I say they probably made a mistake somewhere and the tiny effect they measured is either noise or due to something else they haven't yet accounted for.

      They didn't actually put in that much energy compared to the thrust they measured. If the tiny effect is what you're worried about, then a proper metric ton-load of energy would immediately point out any error.

    2. Re:This is not a photon drive by DrJimbo · · Score: 1

      They didn't actually put in that much energy compared to the thrust they measured.

      The fine article says otherwise:

      [...] assuming a 500 to 1,000 Newton/kW efficiency EM Drive system.

      While the current maximum reported efficiency is close to only 1 Newton/kW (Prof. Yang's experiments in China), Mr. March noted that such an increase in efficiency is most likely achievable within the next 50 years provided that current EM Drive propulsion conjectures are close to accurate.

      Best case scenario here is that 1,000 Newton/kW is 100% efficiency in which case their current efficiency is 0.1% or worse. If 1,000 N/kW is not 100% then their current efficiency is even worse than 0.1% in all experiments.

      Also, note that Newtons measure force while kilowatts measure power so it makes no sense to express efficiency as a ratio of Newtons to kilowatts. For example, a c-clamp rated at 10,000 pounds-force will produce 44,000 Newtons for an indefinite period of time without consuming any energy/power after the initial tightening.

      BTW, a 108 gram apple feels a force of roughly one Newton on the surface of the earth. Using 1 kilowatt to keep an apple suspended does seem extremely inefficient to me. Also note that I can keep an apple suspended indefinitely with a table and no ongoing energy expenditure.

      Finally note that the one experiment that got close to one Newton/kW was not done in a vacuum. It would not surprise me if that one Newton of force could be explained by the light-mill effect.

      --
      We don't see the world as it is, we see it as we are.
      -- Anais Nin
    3. Re:This is not a photon drive by naasking · · Score: 1

      Those conjectures are based on the author's explanations of the mechanism, which we already know to be largely bunk.

      Compared to the actual momentum imparted by 1kW worth of photons, which is what current physics suggests would be the only source of momentum, the amount of force measured is much more significant. Hence, fairly efficient by comparison.

      Finally note that the one experiment that got close to one Newton/kW was not done in a vacuum.

      The NASA tests measured the same force in both vacuum and non-vacuum environments. Any results from China are suspect since falsification is much more rampant there.

    4. Re:This is not a photon drive by DrJimbo · · Score: 1

      Those conjectures are based on the author's explanations of the mechanism, which we already know to be largely bunk.

      Bzzt. Wrong. Those conjectures were from from Paul March who is "an engineer at NASA Eagleworks". None of the authors are named March.

      Compared to the actual momentum imparted by 1kW worth of photons, which is what current physics suggests would be the only source of momentum, the amount of force measured is much more significant. Hence, fairly efficient by comparison.

      It is true that the small force that was measured was much greater than the even smaller force of a photon drive (hence my post and the quote therein) but it was still very small compared to the energy that was used and was orders of magnitude smaller (per kilowatt) than what March said would be needed for a practical device.

      The NASA tests measured the same force in both vacuum and non-vacuum environments. Any results from China are suspect since falsification is much more rampant there.

      I agree that the result from China should not be trusted. On the other hand, the NASA results measured a significantly smaller force per kilowatt than what was measured in China. The article implies the NASA experiments measured 50 microNewtons with a 100 watt input. Or 2 Megawatts per Newton. So you would need 2 Megawatts of power to levitate an apple:

      The simulation for the 100 Watts input power (as used in the latest tests at NASA) predicted only ~50 microNewtons (in agreement with the experiments) [...]

      I trust the extrapolations of the computer model even less than I trust the experimental results from China. I think it is overly optimistic to pin one's hopes of a viable method of propulsion on a measurement of a force of 50 microNewtons from a device that is putting out 100 watts. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. I see no signs of such evidence here. I think the laws of physics as we know them still hold and they experimentalists made a mistake, just like with Pons and Fleischmann (even though their claims did not violate basic laws of physics like these so-called results do).

      --
      We don't see the world as it is, we see it as we are.
      -- Anais Nin
    5. Re:This is not a photon drive by naasking · · Score: 1

      Bzzt. Wrong. Those conjectures were from from Paul March who is "an engineer at NASA Eagleworks". None of the authors are named March.

      The article text you quoted is completely ambiguous as to where "EM Drive propulsion conjectures" come from. If March had his own theory, then we'd be hearing about it more than the EM drive inventors' theory. I haven't. You find me the post where he claims to have this theory in the megathread the article was based on, and I'll concede the point.

      I see no signs of such evidence here.

      There is sufficient evidence of an anomolous result. Whether this result can be accounted for by conventional physics, either due to experimental error or because of some hitherto untested combination of physical mechanisms, remains to be seen.

    6. Re:This is not a photon drive by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      While your post makes sense, here you are wrong: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
      Evidence is evidence. No special extraordinarility needed.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    7. Re:This is not a photon drive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Metric ton-loads of power"? Please define.

      TFA states "less than 100 Watts in the US experiments". I wouldn't call that much. The CN and UK experiments were using up to 2.5kW. That's a bit more, but for comparison, my microwave oven uses 0.8 kW on full power. My car produces 140kW of power.

      The higher powered tests produced about 0.7N of thrust. That's not a small effect. I recall measuring thrust of than order of magnitude in 8th or 9th grade. We did not need to use state-of-the-art equipment. Comparison: a can of coke pushes on the surface it is standing on with a force of about 3.5N (at one gravity).

      Not that more verification is not needed, but the figures for the non-NASA experiments looked like something one could get from a household wall outlet and measure with household scales -- no truckloads of energy combined with microscopic results. Which of course makes it all the more extraordinary, if it is true.

  27. Just because you can't explain it... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    While there's still obviously (a lot more) testing to be done, it's hilarious how far people who identify as scientifically minded have gone to dismiss this out of hand.

    At no point does scientific principle advocate dismissing repeatably testable results merely because it can't be explained by current understanding.

    The unexplained is the epitome of everything that makes science exciting and relevant. It is precisely why science is so important.

    1. Re:Just because you can't explain it... by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

      While there's still obviously (a lot more) testing to be done, it's hilarious how far people who identify as scientifically minded have gone to dismiss this out of hand.

      At no point does scientific principle advocate dismissing repeatably testable results merely because it can't be explained by current understanding.

      The unexplained is the epitome of everything that makes science exciting and relevant. It is precisely why science is so important.

      I loved the quote from the show "Heroes" by the character Mohinder Suresh: "The default position of science is one of skepticism."

  28. Flashlight: enables near relativistic speeds .. by burni2 · · Score: 1

    from "The hobo guide to travelling the galaxy"

    After a certain amount of many many many yrs. and hopefully not your energy source running out you will have gained mass by speed without jogging and not by eating:

    but relativistically which is why it is sooo hard to reach even near relativistic speeds[1].

    So with this "flash light" with a certain amount of power and energy (and direction) you can travel the universe.

    Back to topic:
    So the described idea is basically that of a "photon gun" or flashlight or microwave gun

    Micro waves are "also" part of the electromagnetic spectra therefore we can ask them "wave" or "particle" and they will answer "trans" and decide politcally correct in a s(p)lit to interfere into a figure of light and shadow.

    But therefore the laws of physics still apply:
    Photons have a mass equivalent to their energy the energy of a photon can be descbribed by it's frequency, the higher the frequency the higher the energy the higher the mass and if there is mass there is an impulse.

    final advise to travel the universe with a flash light, a wodden back plate and some mylar sheets:

    And for goods sake if you're in space use a monochromatic high power photon gun (L.A.S.E.R.) or a (M.A.S.E.R.) or a Magnetron for propulsion. Not an old flash light!

    And use some solar sails where solar sailing is ultimatly cheaper.

    rubber bullet point
    And if you want to be initially driven by your friend standing on the moon shooting with objects at you, demand (s)he takes elastic objects like a rubber ball and make sure to have your solid deflection plate perpendicular to the intended flight vector but between you and the "ball" otherwise your journey start will be painful or deadly (but it would work, however not that good)

    And if you think after all these experiments that you have violated the laws of physics .. No you don't have.

    physical bullet points to rubber ball propulsion
    The rubber ball will transmit force when hitting you and when bouncing off instead of an inelastic object (Elastic collision)[2].

    - "solar sails"
    - photonic impulse

    [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M...
    [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E...

  29. Not till they let Elon Musk at it by Sarusa · · Score: 1

    Not believing a word of this till they let some practical types have at it. Scientists are really easy to trick - just ask Penn and Teller.

  30. controversial? by Goldsmith · · Score: 1

    Shaping quantum vacuum states was covered in my graduate quantum mechanics class many years ago - by an experimental spectroscopist who was doing it in his lab. This isn't something your average rocket scientist will know about, but mucking around with the vacuum state is well established in physics.

  31. Thinking about it.. by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

    This reminds me of an article that was posted in Omni magazine back in the 1980s about a company that noticed that an electrically charged metal structure lost weight when it was electrified. The weight loss was not significant but was measurable.(The Omni article called it "antigravity" but it was actually more like electrostatically caused air movement.) The company marketed the technology as an air purifier, seeing as it ionized the air that was passing though the structure and caused an increase of weight in some of the particulate matter in the air.. causing it to either stick to the metal structure or to drop out of the air.

    On Youtube there are countless hobbyists who make serpinski style triangular frames of cardboard and aluminum foil and light wires and charge them with an external power supply and note they are "lifters" the amount of thrust is tiny though, not nearly big enough to lift the power source, to say nothing about using it to power a craft to leave the atmosphere or achieve escape velocity. I don't remember where I read it, but I do think it was in Scientific American that the "Lifters" lift was attributed to electrostatic movement of air through the structure and would do nothing in the vacuum of space. (Best buy does have some nice indigo colored fan "rings" that work this way and that are silent because they have no moving parts.I also think that this is the same technology that was supposedly used in the Red October's "Magneto hydrodynamic", "Silent running" drive, and I have heard that something like that was actually used in submarines.) This may be different, though a peer review is needed and some alternative methods of testing are needed to differentiate what is happening here apart from the various notions about what could be happening. This is part of the peer review process to determine what the properties of such a propulsion method are so we can know if it is viable for space travel. My guess is that this is not something that would allow you to build a flying car or anything like warp drive, more like impulse power in theory, but would produce an amount of force close to the weight of a business card on a spacecraft, in Earth gravity, that is.

    I am forced to wonder as an electrical engineer, if they are using strain gauges to measure the amount of thrust.. as I understand it, Strain gauges use metal traces that are of a known capacitance the way they are placed on a material and any slight amount of distortion of the surface it is mounted on causes a predictable change in this capacitance, which is how most electronic bathroom scales measure your weight. I wonder if the electrical field of this type of device would mess with the capacitance in their detector.. provided they are using that method of measuring thrust.. it might be a measurement error due to the method they are using to gauge the amount of thrust.

    It is funny though, the part of my brain as a kid that loved Doctor Who is forced to wonder, if in a pinch The Doctor could fashion an "impulse thruster" out of the Klystron of an old microwave. I do know this, Those devices are dangerous, point it in the wrong direction, you can cook body parts. Don't try this at home! In a class in my Bachelor's degree we literally "Nuked" grapes in mid air with a Klystron under controlled conditions and, it burned the grape so intensely hot that it created a pinkish glow.. which was Plasma! Don't point this space drive at your junk, was the takeaway I would add. Not to say that all the people that are paranoid about electrical fields from cellular phones and high transmission lines cause cancer are right.. that has been thoroughly debunked. (and I am not interested in hearing from people who believe that I am wrong about that.. The amount of energy put off by a cellular phone transmitting at full power is not even 1/10th of what is needed to even pop a kernel of popcorn.. or even get it perceptibly warm for that matter. It is funny though that they say oh "Cellular phones on planes can cause all kinds of electrical inte

  32. Action reaction principle has no meaning in electr by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Since more than a century it is known that in electrodynamic action reaction principle has no meaning.
    Discussion in www.asps.it/azione.htm

    Probably our prototypes on ballistic pendulum work as EM drive

    http://www.asps.it/prova116.mpg
    http://www.asps.it/prova121.mpg
    http://www.calmagorod.org/inerzia-della-pnn/

  33. reacting with the Earth's magnetic field? by pghmike4 · · Score: 1

    I'm not a physicist, but could the anomalous force simply be a reaction between electric currents generating the microwaves, and the Earth's electric field? As I recall, wires carrying current generate a force within a magnetic field, and we all live within a magnetic field.

  34. Re:A perfect combination [correction PMM] by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    Oops, I meant PMM. I have Lexdysia. My ships travel backward.

  35. The Amazing by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

    Is that enough?

    No that's not enough! I need to know what Penn and Teller say about this or no dice.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  36. Elon Musk announces TransMartian Warp Drive by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So who thinks its just an accident they setup SpaceX, the GigaFactory and have the worlds largest battery factory on tap?

    Conspiracy theorist might be proposing about now; this has happened before.. and it will happen again.

  37. Re:A perfect combination [correction PMM] by DrJimbo · · Score: 1

    Oops, I meant PMM. I have Lexdysia. My ships travel backward.

    I think you mean Lexxdysia. (link)

    --
    We don't see the world as it is, we see it as we are.
    -- Anais Nin
  38. PETA has been informed by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    I have an ugly feeling this ultimately involves unpleasantries with cats.

  39. Send a test package to the ISS by mrflash818 · · Score: 1

    I think it would be nice to create a test rig, send it up to the ISS in the next supply haul, and let them try it from orbit.

    To me, that would an excellent way to test if the propulsion is real, or is just another 'cold fusion.'

    --
    Uh, Linux geek since 1999.
  40. Re:I'm not holding my breath waiting for superlumi by GaAs+oldAce · · Score: 1

    this gem ... hidden in the article:

    "... whether it is possible for a spacecraft traveling at conventional speeds to achieve effective superluminal speed by contracting space in front of it and expanding space behind it. ..."

    They've been playing at that for a while. It would allegedly work by creating a condition of cosmic expansion behind the craft and its converse in front of it, so the spacecraft is in a bubble where it's running slower than lightspeed (i.e. stopped) but the cosmic expansion and contraction regions behind and ahead of it each total to the opposite sides retreating or advancing faster than light (which is allowable).

    I'm not holding my breath waiting for that to fall out of this - or anything. Effective superluminal translates to "Sending messaages into the past." and "Violating causality." if you pick your reference frames correctly. So I expect flies to appear in this ointment at some point: Like something broken about what happens at the sides, needing big-bang energy levels (and not being able to transfer them between the front and back so they're free), or not being able to set up the condition in front because the agency making it happen must involve actual superluminal signal propagation.

    Nevertheless, an "electric motor" that works by pushing against virtual particle-antiparticle pairs (or the total mass of the matter in the universe, or of an inverse-square weighting-by-distance of it so it's mostly the local stuff, or dark matter, or the neutrino background, or whatever), instead of ejected exhaust, is just DANDY! Let's see if they can make it work for real at human-palpable, nontrivial, efficiencies and power levels.

    I always wondered if that is how we could be able to go from subliminal.. to super luminal speeds in a fraction of a second while on the ship.. I can be sitting there in a chair and not spill my coffee. I think that might be Star Trek Physics.

  41. I love it when the theory has to catch up by Tesseractic · · Score: 1

    Several labs have detected the effect, now NASA has shown it happens in a vacuum.

    Theorists must be scrambling to make sense of it.

    Here's a paper that uses something called Modified inertia by a Hubble-scale Casimir effect. (MiHsC)

    http://www.ptep-online.com/ind...

  42. Simple experiment by Dereck1701 · · Score: 1

    Just put a small version of this thing on some spacecraft/satellite (ISS, Progress, Dragon, etc) and run it for a while, if it works the satellite should show some noticeable change in its orbit if it doesn't its garbage. Unfortunately the supposed thrust of this thing is so miniscule that it is the only way we're going to get definitive proof that there is an actual thrust from this thing.

  43. Already been reproduced... a year ago by cbhacking · · Score: 1

    I get that this is Slashdot and almost nobody reads TFAs, but seriously, the last time this thing was discussed there were plenty of comments pointing out that it had already been replicated in three different labs around the world... *last year*! True, I don't know if the "... in a vacuum" result has been replicated yet (though at least one lab has offered to do so) but considering that the results in the vacuum were consistent with the atmospheric results (and also considering the care that was taken to ensure that the result wasn't being caused by the atmosphere anyhow, like comparing the operational device with a dummy load that still generates the same heat, or turning the device around) I don't think that the error in our expectations is due to vacuum-vs.-atmosphere, so the other experiments are useful examples of the same effect.

    --
    There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    1. Re:Already been reproduced... a year ago by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      "It is a good rule not to put overmuch confidence in a theory until it has been confirmed by observation. I hope I shall not shock the experimental physicists too much if I add that it is also a good rule not to put overmuch confidence in the observational results that are put forward until they have been confirmed by theory."
      - Arthur Eddington

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    2. Re:Already been reproduced... a year ago by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      That can be easily shorted to "It is a good rule not to do anything overmuch" because overmuch is like that.
      If an experiment is verified sufficiently and independently we can assume it is correct. If the theories do not agree then the theories are wrong.
      See gravity. We don't know how it works but we have sufficiently and independently proved that it works. Even sir Eddington would not doubt the existence of gravity because we don't know how it works.
      Ergo, once and if the EM drive effects are confirmed by a dozen labs around the world and at least two experiments in deep space I would be really confident that the current theory is wrong.
      As it stands now there is reason to begin to think of what could be wrong with the theory in the case that the EM drive experiment is verified sufficiently. Just to get a head start, you know.
      However claiming that the current physical theories are bollocks is jumping the gun at this point.
      As usual the wisest path is across the middle ground.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
  44. not completely physics defying by NostalgiaForInfinity · · Score: 1

    There are a number of reactionless drive proposals, not all of them unreasonable:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R...

    Given that space is far from empty (vacuum fluctuations, dark matter, dark energy), the traditional view of reactionless drives is also not entirely supported, since in non-empty media, you can "swim" in one form or another. So, you may not only be able to "swim" against spacetime (see the link), but also against these other backgrounds.

    Of course, anything that ejects photos can also be used for propulsion (photon rocket), and you can eject photons even from an antenna, so in principle, even a wire with an oscillator can generate some thrust which looks reactionless.

    1. Re:not completely physics defying by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Really, you have no clue. "Looking reactionless" and being reactionless are two entirely different things. And pressure from radiation is a well-known and established physical principle and not reactionless at all.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    2. Re:not completely physics defying by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And pressure from radiation is a well-known and established physical principle and not reactionless at all.

      Well, gosh, you're stating the obvious. What I'm reminding people of is that while photon rockets usually are thought of putting out tons of light, you could get the same behavior with antennas, i.e., a device that's basically a chunk of metal with some power source and some circuitry. You know, kind of like the device in the TFA.

      "Looking reactionless" and being reactionless are two entirely different things.

      Indeed, which is why I said looking reactionless: i.e., it doesn't look like the usual photon rocket and has no other obvious reaction mass, yet actually is not reactionless.

      Really, you have no clue.

      You're an illiterate moron.

    3. Re:not completely physics defying by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      The devices on that wiki page are:
      Dean drive: We can safely assume it's a hoax because he doesn't want anyone verifying the experiment.
      Gyroscopic Inertial Thruster (GIT): Verified a hoax.
      Quasi-reactionless methods: Not reactionless.
      EmDrive: That'd be the device this whole fuss is about.
      Micronewton electromagnetic thruster: A small ion drive. Not reactionless at all.
      Woodward effect: Many experiments have failed to produce thrust. If it worked it would be cool but for now it seems like the experiments that have produced thrust are measurement errors. I'd love to be wrong on this of course.
      Cannae drive: Similar to EM drive. If the EM drive works the Cannae will be tested with similar rigor.
      Devices that do not generate thrust: Not relevant in the topic of reactionless drives.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
    4. Re:not completely physics defying by NostalgiaForInfinity · · Score: 1

      Your point being what? The fact remains that there are several plausible proposals for reactionless propulsion. And, yes, devices that do not generate thrust are still a reactionless drive: they are reactionless and they move.

    5. Re:not completely physics defying by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      several plausible proposals

      Filtered for
      a. better than "can be assumed to be a hoax"
      b. "really reactionless"
      Woodward: I wouldn't call it plausible because many experiments have failed to produce thrust and the thrust produced is in the range of measurement error.
      EM and Cannae drive: EM is the drive we are talking about. Cannae is similar.
      So in fact we have 2 similar methods. One of them is what this discussion about so it doesn't count. The other is similar to that one.
      My conclusion: the word "several" is pulled out of your ass.

      And, yes, devices that do not generate thrust are still a reactionless drive: they are reactionless and they move.

      A tennis ball in a car is reactionless and moves. That doesn't make it a drive. By definition if it doesn't produce trust it is not a drive in the sense of an engine.
      However I shall comment on the devices mentioned:
      The Alcubierre drive is very far beyond our current technology and is not really an engine as the EM drive is. It is more of a way to help an engine cheat the laws of physics.
      I say this because the Alcubierre drive doesn't move you from A to B. It makes the distance from A to B shorter so a normal engine (be it rocket, orion or reactionless) can get there in a reasonable amount of time.

      "Swimming in spacetime" is not a drive because it's not a device. It is an interesting theory and if proven correct it may eventually be possible to build a drive based on it but for now it's not a drive.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
    6. Re:not completely physics defying by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're playing meaningless semantic games. Grow up and stop being such an idiot.

    7. Re:not completely physics defying by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are still completely missing the point. What I pointed out is that devices that look like the one in the TFA are not automatically "physics defying". The Wikipedia article that summarizes such devices happens to be entitled "reactionless drives", but also lists some that are, in fact, not "drives" or "reactionless".

      What are you? A nerdy 7 year old?

    8. Re:not completely physics defying by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      Granted, I was a bit semantic. You overstated things and I called you upon it. If you want to cal that semantics I can't nor do I want to stop you.

      It is physics defying because the current theories do not allow for the drive to work. If it does that means our current theory of physics is wrong, which is not a major problem because we know our current understanding is not complete.
      It is however, very interesting. If it works.
      The theory of how the EM drive works is simply wrong, relativistic effects don't allow you to ignore conservation of momentum.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
  45. Re:inventor? "If nobody knows how it works...." by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    please see the classic case of Lee De Forest and the Audion Tube.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audion De Forest was famous for saying [of the Audion] that he "didn't know why it worked, it just did".

    See also Ken Burns adaptation of Tom Lewis's 1992 "Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio"

    See additionally the story of Edwin Howard Armstrong, a brilliant engineer who most certainly DID "know why it worked" but was driven to suicide by the philosophical ancestors of our modern patent trolls. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Armstrong

  46. Once upon a time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    A brainy science man called Lord Kelvin told a young* upstart called Darwin that there was no way the earth could possibly be millions of years old. Reasoning that no known chemical processes could sustain the sun for more than a few thousand years, and thus his "natural selection" was a load of unscientific nonsense.

    *for certain values of young

  47. To answer my own questions. by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2
    I followed the "thread 2" forum for a while. It appears that the effect they are seeing is approximately 2 micronewtons. That's a pretty small effect. This comment was interesting:

    I can attest that it is not thermal. It works in a vacuum. It works in a Faraday cage and it works when you reverse the device (the thrust reverses).

  48. Pathological science by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  49. Scientific fraud by gweihir · · Score: 0

    If they had anything real, they would not demonstrate a drive, they would create a minimalistic, clear and reliable lab-setup that demonstrates the effect beyond all doubt and that could be recreated by other teams. Instead, they insist on a relatively complex set-up that cannot easily be recreated but can easily be manipulated. This is the hallmark of scientific fraud: Make grand claims and demonstrate them in a way that looks good but could be entirely due to measurement errors, hidden energy sources and effects, etc. and that cannot be validated by other teams.

    Furthermore, if it violates established physics, it needs more than simple scientific proof (i.e. an experiment that other groups can repeat), it needs extraordinary proof. It does not even have simple scientific proof.

    For some nice other fraud in this venue, look up the Rossi E-cat or centuries of perpetual motion machines.

    --
    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  50. EM Drive? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So event horizon, basically.

  51. Rigid assumptions make for bad science by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The earth is flat, man cannot fly, earth is the center of the universe, internal combustion engines will never exceed 1 hp per cubic inch,the sound barrier cannot be broken,The 4 minute mile is impossible for a human.
    All very modern and solid scientific facts based on "known scientific laws"
    Never assume that physics "laws" can't be broken, they are, after all, only the "law" insomuch as our current knowledge allows.

  52. Re:A perfect combination [correction PMM] by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    To me, she has 2 vaginas and 1 tit

  53. Difficult experiment, clearly wrong . by joe_frisch · · Score: 4, Informative

    Its not easy to measure 50 micro-newtons of force when you change a power level by 50 watts.

    Currents cause magnetic forces. Things get hot and outgas producing thrust. RF power cables get hot and distort causing a force.

    Think about it. The device weighs something like 5Kilos. That is 50 newtons gravitational force. So a 1 micro-radian tilt will cause a 50 micro-newton force. Walking across the lab floor could cause that amount of deflection. If the chamber is 1 meter across, a 0.1 degree temperature change on one side of the chamber (from a nearby power supply) could cause that much tilt.

    There of course could be force just from photons - but that is a simple and well understood photon drive - known for at least 50 years now - basically a light-sail.

    This is a very difficult experiment to do correctly, and they have not published in enough detail.

    Meanwhile: conservation of momentum has been tested under conditions ranging from ultra-cold gas atoms to 100GeV particle collisions, to orbiting neutron stars. The RF fields they use are very modest. At SLAC we run hundreds of megawatts, not 50 watts. We have superconducting cavities where we easily see the deflection caused by the momentum in the microwave fields - operating at many thousands of times higher power than this experiment - we see nothing unexpected.

    So: Difficult experiment. No unusual physical conditions. Apparent violation of one of the most carefully tested conservation laws in all of science.

    It it literally more likely that the sun will not rise tomorrow (since that is also based on conservation of momentum) than that this experiment was correct.

    1. Re:Difficult experiment, clearly wrong . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So you're saying this is the Improbability Drive?

    2. Re:Difficult experiment, clearly wrong . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It it literally more likely that the sun will not rise tomorrow (since that is also based on conservation of momentum) than that this experiment was correct.

      or frame of reference or whatever... you do know the Sun doesn't actually ever "rise," at least not in the way we refer to it as doing so... and arguably, the "cause" of the illusion of the Sun rising out of the horizon could be a fooled observer. I'm sure you're right about your conservation of blah blah or whatever, you sound really scientific, thanks.

  54. Flubber by lymond01 · · Score: 1

    Not logged in I saw a post by someone about Flubber. Can't easily find it (or log in) using an iPhone so here I am.

    im a pretty firm believer that gravity has a lot to do with everything. Action over a distance is poop. There's something underneath the vacuum -- we are all just jiggles of whatever that is, and space is just a little less jiggly.

    If someone is pulling energy from nowhere, it's likely scooting in nearly undetectable across the aether.

  55. Stupid question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What if a space ship had a proton factory that made protons out of thin air via pair production. Manufactured protons and anti-protons were then accelerated to 99.999...lotsof9s..% C for thrust to maneuver the space ship.

    It takes a lot of energy to make protons and a lot of energy to accelerate them. If you used that same amount of energy (assuming 100% efficiency) to power a laser for thrust wouldn't it produce the same amount of thrust as the proton accelerator?

  56. knowledge honeypot! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    mm awesome stuff. Curious. mmm knowledge honeypot.

    Does it break a few known laws? If yes then redo the laws :p time to move forward!

  57. Re:I'm not holding my breath waiting for superlumi by DamnOregonian · · Score: 1

    Or just being unable to find a way to have negative energy density in a volume of space required for expansion of the universe (unless there are other ways to expand spacetime, but as far as I know, the quantum physicists haven't yet found a way to replace the Einstein Tensor)... Maybe we'll get our hands on some condensed dark energy ;)

  58. Three Body Problem by cpm99352 · · Score: 1

    Have none of you read Three Body Problem??? No spoilers in my post, but the answer is out there... (Yes, I'm going for funny)

    Seriously, though that book is awesome and should win the Nebula this year. If you like hard SF you need to read it right now.

  59. No. by aepervius · · Score: 1

    The EM drive is controversial because it was never shown to work in proper test condition (at rest - starting up by powering it) and excuse are being made up for why it needs to be in motion to be tested , a fact make it magnitude more harder to test if there is ANY effect whatsoever.

    --
    C. Sagan : A demon haunted world:
    http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345409469/
    visit randi.org
  60. No more nerds here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Try the xkcd forums; I believe they have one for physics or chemistry....

  61. Living amongst humans requires skepticism by foreverdisillusioned · · Score: 1

    First let me grant that this is obviously worthy of more study due to all of the experimental confirmations. However... you can't go through life saying "hmm, interesting" to every weird claim everyone makes. For example, if you listen to a moon hoaxer or 9/11 truther you will very quickly hear something that is either:

    1. Complete nonsense, delusions and/or lies

    2. A gross distortion of the actual facts

    3. A somewhat interesting and entirely truthful claim about reality, but one that has a much simpler explanation than the one the nutjob is putting forth.

    4. (not yet seen this one) an unexplained phenomenon

    5. (not yet seen anything remotely resembling this one) Proof that explains away the evidence that appears to support conventional wisdom and supports the nutjob's theory instead.


    You literally can spend your entire life examining the claims made by these nutjobs--just these two specific types of nutjobs (nevermind the homeopaths and miracle workers and such.) You occasionally run into item #3, which is cool but doesn't significantly add to our understanding of the world. It's not reasonable to chastise us that we must keep digging, we must stay perfectly neutral and agnostic because of the possibility of #4 or #5. The world is utterly teeming with nutjobs and cynical snake oil salesmen. The burden of proof must remain on those with the extraordinary claims, even if us skeptics do not have a ready alternative explanation.

    One main issue here is the nutty behavior and statements of the original inventors). This is somewhat alleviated by experimental replication, but the other outstanding issue is, as others (and XKCD) have noted is the very low efficiency. If you pump a large amount of power into something and there is a small unexplained movement, the natural assumption is there is some unnoticed flaw in the system that is somehow allowing the apparatus to turn a small portion of that energy into physical motion through conventional, well-understood physical laws. It's a mystery, sure. But it's not one that automatically demands huge amounts of our attention and money.

  62. Go big or go home by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Here is an idea, build a really big one, point w.e. end it's supposed to push on to the ground and see if you get lift.

    We can drink some Champagne on Mars and figure out how the hell we got there later.