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USB Killer 2.0: a Harmless-Looking USB Stick That Destroys Computers
An anonymous reader writes: Plugging in random USB sticks in your computer has never been more dangerous, as a researcher who goes by the name Dark Purple has demonstrated his new device: USB Killer 2.0. When plugged into a computer, the deadly USB draws power from the device itself. With the help of a voltage converter the device's capacitors are charged to 220V, and it releases a negative electric surge into the USB port. This surge "fries" the USB port and, in the researcher's demonstration, the motherboard — perhaps not always after the first surge, but the malicious USB device repeats the process until no more power can be drawn.
If you have local access to the PC you could just use a sledgehammer. The old 120V into the network port almost always fries the NIC as well. The fact that someone with physical access can damage your PC shouldn't be a big surprise.
"I have never let my schooling interfere with my education." - Mark Twain
I haven't done so and I won't, how bad will it be if the positive and ground terminals were shorted?
... news on the CD which when hit with an infrared laser causes the embedded explosives to detonate!
Uh, no, it doesn't. You just drop a few of these in the parking lot outside a company, and wait for people to pick them up and stick them in their PC.
Instead, the concern is that someone (like say Uber) will print up 300 USB Killers, perhaps with a label that says something like "best porn", and scatter them around the competition's headquarters (like say Lyft - or vice versa).
Then some curious Vice President or CEO picks them up and puts them in his computer...
Found USB sticks - the poor man's 'super hack'.
excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
>> someone with physical access can damage your PC
This isn't a local access attack, though. Instead, you label your attacking USB stick with your target company's name and leave it in the parking lot or at a restaurant where you know a lot of your target's employees visit. Some foolish altruist will frequently pick it up and shove it into their computer when they get back to the office. This kind of thing works great for infecting someone's computer with command-and-control malware; if anything this "wreck the computer" attack seems less useful.
Bonus points if it has some legitmate function before it's ready to strike: 802.11n adapter, etc.
Hypothetically of course ... Just make lots and lots of these. Get a Sharpie. Label each of them with things like TAX DOCUMENTS, ACCOUNT NUMBERS, and definitely lots of them labelled PORN COLLECTION. Drop them in hotels, restaurants, restrooms, subways, bus stops, just leave them all over town. Hilarity ensues!
For more bonus points, act shocked when you hear about the mysterious computer-killing USB drives. Say you don't believe anyone would do such a thing.
http://hackaday.com/2015/10/10...
YOU have physical access to your computer. YOU insert the "Free USB stick" you received totally free from the attacker. The attacker doesn't need to access your computer himself.
I second the idea of dropping the Daily Mail in a bucket of tap water.
The War of 1812... the good 'ol days when the federal government actually tried to save New Orleans.
http://i.ebayimg.com/00/$(KGrH...
make lots and lots of these
Label each of them with things like TAX DOCUMENTS, ACCOUNT NUMBERS, and definitely lots of them labelled PORN COLLECTION
Drop them in hotels, restaurants, restrooms, subways, bus stops, just leave them all over town
Open a computer repair shop
Profit!!
If you believe that any unfamiliar USB stick looks "harmless", you clearly haven't been paying attention.
Uh, no, it doesn't. You just drop a few of these in the parking lot outside a company, and wait for people to pick them up and stick them in their PC.
And then fire their asses for being enough of a dumbfuck to use a USB stick they found in a parking lot.
Plugging in random USB sticks in your computer has never been more dangerous
I think the point of this hack is to catch people who pick up random sticks and see whats on them, something I would never, ever do. Nothing to do with needing physical access to the machine, the rube who picked the stick up is all the "access" you need. Someone up there has already made the suggestion of using them for corporate sabotage (Uber vs Lyft), scattering these things around the right place could cause all sorts of drama.
:(
Also, that poor thinkpad
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Sledge hammers, axes, picks, power drills, reciprocating saws...
All relatively simple tools that accomplish the same thing if you are close enough to stick a thumb drive into a port.
No, you miss the point. You don't need access to anyone's computer.
YOU don't put the thumb dive into someone's computer. You just leave it somewhere and THEY put it into their computer.
Anti espionage: Just leave one around the office if you suspect the cleaning crew.
Russian roulette: Get 1 killer USB and five legits and a few friends... take turns plugging into your computers.
Search and seizure revenge: "I warned you".
It has been discovered that repeatedly dropping a 20 pound sledgehammer on your laptop's keyboard is equally harmful.
"Evil will always triumph over good, because good is dumb." - Dark Helmet (Spaceballs)
What if I use a USB hub? Seeing as how I have only one USB port in this new-fangled era where apparently cables don't matter anymore...
Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
Not just a killer USB, but standards compliant as well!
Plugging random things into your computer can damage it.
Be sure to watch our followup segment on what could be in that suspicious red can you found labeled "free gas!" The results are horrifying!
And companies are absolute shit at keeping stuff secret. When it becomes public that company A pulled this stunt, company A will be sued out of existence.
I'm a good cook. I'm a fantastic eater. - Steven Brust
Worked for Stuxnet and most other state sponsored cyber attacks. Just saying. We recently ran a "security awareness" month at the UNI I work for, giving away free flash keys to students who could show us their phone was secured at least with a password or pattern. They seemed surprised that no one bothered and most people told them they are too lazy to have to swype a pattern to unlock their phones. My suggestion was to custom build some pseudo malware, load it on those flash keys, or a set of flash keys, and leave them around campus. Nothing nefarious would happen to the user who did insert it other than an autorun popup informing them that we could have owned them right there if we wanted. The didn't go with my plan, I might still do it on my own. I'm nice like that, when I taught myself to crack into WEP and weak WPA access points that had the management page accessible over wifi and the default admin passwords set, I promptly change their SSID and passwords, letting them know they need to lock that shit down. I'm nice like that
Wouldn't this be fraud? I mean you intentionally break a working device and then claim somebody else has to pay for a new and better one. I highly suspect you could end up in jail if you are caught doing a scam like that.
#4: Go to local retail store which has a big bin of discounted sticks. Buy some, modify them, put them back.
But it's not a hack. Is smashing at router with a hammer a hack? This is pure destruction, no real hack involved. It's much more efficient to deliver your malware via those keys instead of just straight up trying to fry whatever you are connected to. That gives you away as soon as you insert it, and doesn't really do much because no enterprise relies on local storage on client machines, all the data is backed up, hosted in clusters, and perfectly usable. I suspect this "attack" much like the same deal but with an ethernet port, would probably be stopped by most PoE routers/switches as they typically have some surge protection. They detect voltages and resistance and determine the class of PoE device by the resistance offered, each port is configured for a min and max allowance. I don't see this getting past one of those. It seems nasty and scary but is effectively useless.
And hub is connected to the ... ankle bone?
My question is, why would someone want to do this in the first place? Yes, it's possible, but destroying someone's computer is generally not profitable to the attacker. It's much more valuable to take over a computer for a botnet, to steal information, or hold information hostage. So while this is possible, I don't see it ever becoming a real problem. The only situation I could see is in trying to hurt competition or good old fashioned revenge. I have to believe the oldest danger is still the most realistic: hidden viruses that are much less obvious.
You still might get some damage to the PC as the power and ground leads are fed from the PC.
I take it you have never heard of China...
People ask on forums that are full of context-experts, instead of reverting to Google/Bing/etc. results that are full of context-amateurs, because they don't want to waste their time becoming a context-expert themselves as they would need to do in order to effectively filter the Google/Bing/etc. results.
Note: if you can post a stupid statement to Slashdot, you should be able to reach your brain and extract the knowledge you have. If there is ever a rare network failure causing you to be able to type but not use your own brain, I would love to see the psychological case study of such an event.
Wow, admitting to felony fraud on a public forum while logged in. Great idea!
Sledge hammers, axes, picks, power drills, reciprocating saws... All relatively simple tools that accomplish the same thing if you are close enough to stick a thumb drive into a port.
The idea is you trick someone into destroying their own computer by sending them an innocent looking device. From reading the comments here, I ask: how fucking hard to understand could this possibly be? Lots of people failed to grasp the concept and that's a shame because it's such a simple one.
Here's a hint for you, one of those life hints that will serve you well: if you think you found the great big obvious thing that everybody else overlooked because you are just so clever -- it usually means you don't understand and you're missing the point.
The stick could download crap from the network and send it out over the Internet first, then fry the computer when it's done to destroy any evidence.
Except that even if they follow policy and hand them into cyber security, the cyber guys will want to know if they have company information on them, and their computer gets fried!
love is just extroverted narcissism
The real evil will not the data that is lost (probably none, since you run your station from a VDI somewhere in the enterprise cloud), the real evil is getting a 3-4 digit amount approved to spend.
There should be extension cables that would have a trip switch for voltages that are that high. Trip switches should really be included in the computing device itself, really. Since when people connect light bulbs or any appliance directly to the main generator without anything inbetween?
Do USB hubs sufficiently insulate computers from this attack?
-- I was raised on the command line, bitch
Can this be identified by physical examination? This is disturbing because it can be used to damage an unsuspecting Noob's machine and he wont know what cause it .. Not good.
The secretary is going over the disavowing guidelines in the employee handbook.
I can envision computers at tradeshows being equipped with these:
http://www.amazon.com/Lindy-US...
My suggestion was to custom build some pseudo malware, load it on those flash keys, or a set of flash keys, and leave them around campus. Nothing nefarious would happen to the user who did insert it other than an autorun popup informing them that we could have owned them right there if we wanted.
Don't do it on your own. Don't do it with serious back up and written guarantee for support from higher ups. What you are doing is very similar to finding homes with unlatched/unlocked back porches, walking in sitting in the living room sofa and shouting boo when the home owners walk in. No matter how sensible and helpful your advice is, the homeowners are going to be jumpy, irritated, made to look like fools and they will hate you intensely.
Try to do it differently. Create these USB warning devices as you planned, but give them to students, tell them what it does and ask them to "educate" their friends and relatives. Watermark each device so that they don't prank unsuspecting people.
sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
So in your world accessing an open website with default credentials counts as 'cracking'?
Seriously. People keep "borrowing" USB flashes from me all the time.
Given the absurdly tiny USB peripherals you can get(typically circuit board and all components occupy the place where there is a plastic spacer under the 4 connectors; and have 4 pads on top where the connectors would be, so the entire device fits inside the connector); this seems like it would be quite doable.
The current design appears to start hitting the host as soon as it has had enough time to charge; but presumably one could have the 'legitimate' peripheral switch the killer's access to V+ on and off; so it could lie in wait, doing whatever legitimate thing, until some condition is met. Probably not enough room to build GPS in, so 'geofencing with extreme prejudice' might not be an option; but any NIC could listen for signals from the wire/in RF broadcast; and any peripheral could be triggered by a signal from the host computer.
No, for bonus points, whenever you check into a hotel, ask to put some items in the hotel safe, always include one of these.
Put another in the room safe.
"I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
This attack is hardly high on my list of concerns(since, as you say, there are more unpleasant things to do if you have access); but it might be an issue for 'kiosk' type systems.
If you go into a CVS or other place that does photo printing, they usually have a couple of computers so you can plug in your camera or flash drive and self-serve, maybe do a few cheesy edits. Kinkos and the like do the same thing for printing from or scanning to flash drives. Those are the sorts of places where you can't really get out a hammer or just plug one end of a cord into the wall and the other end into the USB port; but plugging in a flash drive and playing the hapless technophobic customer who doesn't understand why it isn't working if anyone confronts you would be doable.
Still a lot of trouble for a little petty destruction; but we are talking about humans here.
Way to ruin a perfectly good bucket of water..
He tried to kill me with a forklift!
All the evidence apart from the logs held on the hard disk...
To protect against that, you'd need some beefy diodes or zener diodes to divert any harmful energy. Can't see MB manufacturers doing that any time soon.
It sure is but, as long as it was only a few devices, how would you get caught? You would have to do something moronic like post about it on a forum or something.
"I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
They still tend to be connected to the devices power and ground lines, so while it might give you some protection there's still a chance of it crossing over. And the hub chip will still be fried, it's conceivable in doing so that the data lines become live too and those definitely are connected to the PC.
I wonder how many of these people would also inject themselves with a syringe filled with glowing green goo they happened to find labeled "Super-serum"?
Irony: Agile development has too much intertia to be abandoned now.
It's easier than that in most of Europe (well, things might have improved since I left but...)
Once upon a time a friend of mine was leaving the company. He didn't much care for my co-worker, who sat next to me, and nor did most of the rest of the company. So on his way out, passing by our desks, he quietly flipped the voltage selector on the PSU of my co-workers PC, which was at the time (and possibly now?) on the outside of the case at the rear of the PC where virtually anyone can access it, from 220V to 110V.
Which might have been slightly funny, if abusive and unprofessional, except the fucker got the PC wrong and killed my PC instead (or rather, I did when I turned my PC on in the morning.)
I got a free drink and many apologies after it was discovered what had happened. So there's that.
You are not alone. This is not normal. None of this is normal.
This thing might be more dangerous if plugged into one of those portable USB power supply battery packs. Not sure what would happen, but a fire is not out of the question.
If you live in the same world as Andrew Auernheimer (for slightly different but very related case), then yes, the jury does seem to think that accessing unsecured data that someone else doesn't want you to counts as 'cracking' and can lead to jail time.
#include "standard_disclaimer.h"
And hub is connected to the ... ankle bone?
I tried that. The throughput was terrible. [ 0/10 do not recommend ]
It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
And, yet, it apparently works. As in people have done it before. And, if dropping them in the parking lot doesn't work, stamp a logo on them, put them in a package with official looking marketing glossy, and send them as targeted attacks.
See, the problem is the humans are always the weak links in your chain.
Of course, you can't target what machines might be impacted. But if the general plan is mayhem, that's always easy to achieve.
Lost at C:>. Found at C.
True, but we are talking about defrauding Apple, not just any company. That's the equivalent of trash talking Scientology on a forum their zeolots frequent. It's pretty likely some martinet Apple follower has made a note.
To make it more fair, put an "if found" text document in the root of the USB, then some other juicy folders ("passwords", "account information", etc) and set the thing to trigger the pulses only if those folders are accessed. Then you don't nail innocents who were just trying to find the owner of the stick, and the people who you actually are targeting will be more likely to keep the stick plugged in long enough for it to do its damage.
But I live in Oxford, it's only about 40 minutes drive to London.
We had an office thief once. He would take anything and it didnt really matter the value. Shitty old drives, ram, a customers computer we were configuring and other random crap.
I simply connected every line to Vcc on an old IDE hard disk and put it inside of a desk. The person who owned the desk I told them what was going on.
Maybe two days later one of the technicians is complaining that his IDE controller no longer works. He would later admit to some drug problems and a predilection for theft.
Since when do people label usb drives?
"I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)
Label them in large letters 'BACKUPS', and then in small letters underneath 'always make backups!'.
This gives us a whole new thing we can call a "Flash Drive"... Imagine the confusion this will cause..
"File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
and the people who you actually are targeting will be more likely to keep the stick plugged in long enough for it to do its damage.
Watch the video, it looks like it takes less than a second, the OS doesn't even have time to try and mount it. There's a nice ominous buzzing sound and pop that accompanies it as well.
I'd be lying if I said I didn't want to carry one of these around with me.
"Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
It could definitely use a cord a few feet long that you can yank to retrieve it from whatever you just destroyed.
"Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
What happens if you plug this into a powered USB hub? Does it fry the hub?
At least hub makers could (re)design their products to handle this.
I come here for the love
If you have local access to the PC you could just use a sledgehammer.
Yeah, I suppose you could carry a 10 pound sledgehammer around and spend time beating a computer and making plenty of noise doing it. Or, you could carry a USB stick a few grams in your pocket and take a second to fry the electronics while making hardly any noise (depending on what you're frying, of course).
You can also carry a gun and just shoot the computer. Or throw it out a window, or into water. All of those "use cases" for computer destruction are different than the use case for the USB stick.
The fact that someone with physical access can damage your PC shouldn't be a big surprise.
That's not what this story is about. The headline doesn't say "man figures out how to damage computer".
"Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
That is true -- I just got one that can supply enough current to jump-start my car!
Especially if you're traveling to China.
Except that in this case, the "line voltage" is 5V DC.
It's USB.
The whole 110 / 220 volt thing in the GP's post was a joke.
Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
if anything this "wreck the computer" attack seems less useful.
Imagine that you're a CIO tasked with protecting data worth billions of dollars.
Drop a few of these in the parking lot or cafeteria, and write off a few $800 Dells to find and eliminate the employees who cannot be trained to not do stupid things that will severely damage the company.
I'd do it.
My God, it's Full of Source!
OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
TFA said there was a previous version that was 110V. They probably changed the charge pump / aconverter design to increase the zap voltage.
Then build motherboards that fry the device back.
So always ask for expense report so you know where your money is going.
Yes, but what's the *point*? So you trick someone into destroying their computer... what does that gain you? It's not as though you can steal data or install malware that way (unless the idea is that they then throw their computer away and you "rescue" it. But that's a stretch.)
it's not pre-charged.
It uses the 5v DC power from the USB port to charge the capacitor, and then discharge -220V DC into the data pins once fully charged.
Dropping this into a bucket of water would only result in a damp boost regulator and capacitor bank, if they built it with a bleed resistor.
Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
TSA: "We're going to have to take a look through all your laptops, memory devices and phones, sir."
Didn't they just have a big computer outage recently?
Because this is how you get incarceration.
Make sure everyone's vote counts: Verified Voting
Except the storage devices would be largely unaffected, and could still be removed and used for forensic analysis. This wouldn't prevent anything except a working device.
Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
Very likely. Why overvolt by 30.5x when you can go all the way to 61x?
Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
Why is this even a thing? It's in no way ingenious, just destructive. Voltage doublers/transformers are old school - how do you think camera flashes work? This is just another case of $OLD_INVENTION "... in a USB stick!" syndrome.
Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
So basically, what it sounds like, is that in addition to surge protectors for coax, ethernet, phone, and of course power (and anything else I am not aware of), we now also need surge protectors for USB ports.
"I'm not sure I like the fugnutish tone you used in your post!" -RogL (608926)-
Yeah, even if it wasn't one of these devices from TFA, that's still a pretty stupid thing to do. For all you know there could be kiddie porn on it. And you're sticking that thing in your work PC with all the associated monitoring that comes with the territory?
"I'm not sure I like the fugnutish tone you used in your post!" -RogL (608926)-
But I use a Mac running OS X... I'm immune to this, right? /sarcasm
Couldn't the same thing be applied to micro USB and kill cell phones? Though I suppose it may take longer time to build the necessary charge.
Someone left a sledgehammer lying in the parking lot. Cool, I thought. So I picked it up, went inside, then smashed my computer. Whoops, I was fooled.
Yours are unlabelled? How do you tell them apart? Mine are labelled:
4GB
16GB
2GB
Made in China - Do you want to play a game GB
Number to small to be expressed in GB because some vendor gave you this and it isn't even big enough to hold their catalog GB.
if anything this "wreck the computer" attack seems less useful.
Imagine that you're a CIO tasked with protecting data worth billions of dollars.
Drop a few of these in the parking lot or cafeteria, and write off a few $800 Dells to find and eliminate the employees who cannot be trained to not do stupid things that will severely damage the company.
I'd do it.
Ya, watch the person you catch to be the CEO.
Why do you think Apple did TouchID? It was because Apple realizes that most people don't use a PIN code or whatever because it's a hassle. And looking at usage patterns of phones, it's not really a big surprise - those things are used literally 1000 times a day for seconds to minutes per use. Entering even a 4 digit PIN 1000 times a day gets old, quick.
So most people don't actually use it.
Apple realized the only way to fix this is to have some sort of thing where users don't have to do anything - unlocking their phone happens automatically within seconds of picking it up.
Doing this means users can have a PIN (or even a complex one!) to lock their phone, yet still have the convenience of being able to use their phone at a moment's notice.
Because having a PIN is way better than not having one. And having one is a PITA when you want to quickly look at something and it takes a few seconds to enter your pin/swipe your pattern/scan your face.
No, TouchID is not perfect, and Apple treats fingerprints as lower security than passcodes or PINs (hence the requirement to use a PIN after 48 hours, or on a reboot). But if it brings up the PIN code usage from 10% to 60% or more, that's a net benefit to security.
120 V into the NIC does very little. NIC's are transformer coupled and the transformers couple very little low frequency. Most NIC magnetics provide about 1,500 Volts isolation. This provides protection from lightning induced surges. If you apply 120V on one pair of wires in the NIC, you simply burn out the transformer, but the power does not cross any further.
Caveot, POE has some DC coupling and could be damaged by excessive voltage. Most PC NIC's do not have POE.
The truth shall set you free!
When will they be selling them on Thinkgeek?
I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?
Your lack of imagination is distressing.
Some people like exploring this type of attack, with no intent to ever deploy it.
Some people are just vandals.
Some people are malicious.
Some people are looking for ways to damage target individual or organisation, for good or bad reasons.
Some people manage to have both the intelligence to devise something like this, and the stupidity to then use it without good reason.
Some people are stupid enough to use this now that someone else has devised it because they think it'll be a good prank.
The whole 'computer repair business' angle is explored elsewhere.
'only' ? Shit, good luck extracting a shattered CD from a case without damaging anything else, and what's so minimal about having to replace a CD-ROM drive anyway?
Sure, it's easy - but so is replacing a motherboard.
Anyway, what about the older version of this: Forcing a floppy disk head to damage itself, rendering the drive useless and consequently the entire machine it was built into inoperable until replaced.
*raises hand slowly*
"So long and thanks for all the fish."
Slight variation, some bored kids were always hanging down the park just up the street. One of my friends decides to test a theory and pick up rocks whenever he finds them and leave in the park near where the kids hangout. After a few weeks the pile of rocks grows bigger until one day the building next door ended up with smashed windows.
Theory proven.
I already did this when playing with an arduino and stepper motors. Accidentally bridged the 12v motor power supply with the 5v usb rail and poof! computer rebooted and came back up without sound. turns out i'd release the magic smoke from the on board sound controller.
Watch the video
Ha! Since when did we start bothering to rtfa or wtfv around here?
I had one labeled "Store 'n' Go" but I renamed it "Gore 'n' Stow". Seemed more fun.
The Quirkz Handbook of Self-Improvement for People Who Are Already Pretty Okay
Man, a story about a USB stick that fries electronics and you don't immediately watch the video? That's awful.
"Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
If there is ever a rare network failure causing you to be able to type but not use your own brain, I would love to see the psychological case study of such an event.
Erm... AOL, 4Chan, MSN... need I go on?!?
Just my $0.03 (At current exchange rates, my £0.02 is worth more than your $0.02)
That's a question of who your opponent is. If you are worried about the police, don't use the fingerprint.
I can throw myself at the ground, and miss.
Mine are labeled, but in the file system, not on the plastic itself.
Wealth is the gift that keeps on giving.
how I have only one USB port
Don't worry, that's just your shitty choice in hardware. My new Ultrabook has 4 USB 3.0 ports, a DisplayPort, a VGA port, an Ethernet port and couple others that I haven't bothered to figure out.
Wealth is the gift that keeps on giving.
Funny, I keep anything I need to access quickly that isn't worth securing on my lock screen--that is to say, when locked my phone is an excellent clock and I can see if I want to bother checking now any messages since it displays the number and what service it came in through. I want to be able to let people see my lock screen, if nothing else because it has a picture of one of a cute hamster.
Anything else? Because I use my pattern so often I don't even need to wake up, and I don't need to unlock my phone to answer calls--if my phone gets lost I want to be able to call it, and if somebody's found it I want them able to answer! (You have to unlock the phone to actually call anyone.)
Has anyone ever implemented this in reverse,ie.: modified a USB port to kill unauthorised devices? I am currently sketching up a design for doing so on a ThinkPad but would love some input on the electrical side.
Rudolf Hess edited Mein Kampf. He was the very first grammar nazi.