It's more complicated than doubling the sampling rate. Standard PCM telephony uses 8 kHz sampling rate, 8-bit samples, non-linear encoding. It's fairly simple, resulting in 64 kbps.
Speex is a CELP (code excited linear prediction) codec that is far more complex than the simple PCM system used by the telephone company. The resultant bit rate can be fixed or variable, and is not rigidly tied to the sampling rate used for data acquisition.
Think about direct sequence spread spectrum systems that use cryptographically secure spreading codes. The PN code generator in the receiver must be synchronized with the PN code generator in the transmitter for the receiver to be able to despread and detect a transmitted signal. There are also navigation systems that are designed on the assumption that the user has a very accurate local clock. A clock driven by a high quality cesium beam frequency standard can easily gain or lose a nanosecond per day. That's a noticeable amount of error. Most fixed sources of error, such as propagation delay in cabling and electronics, can be measured or predicted.
We can always use more accuracy. Many communications systems rely on accurate clocks to keep the transmitters and receivers in synchronization. Frequency stability is also important for communications systems and test and measurement equipment. Any defects in the clock will degrade the performance of the equipment.
It's a shame that Microsoft caved in to the whining of the IT control freaks. There are legitimate reasons to encrypt sensitive information, even in the corporate setting. If you think that the possession of the Administrator password means that you should have unfettered access to every scrap of data on the network, you need to see a psychiatrist about your delusions.
If it will make you feel better, we can call them gas generators. It's the same thing, just with a friendlier name. See your automobile's air bag for an example.
The Navy has a extensive lithium battery safety program. At one time, I think they had a blanket ban on lithium batteries due to a number of fatal accidents.
There is a real concern that lithium batteries shipped as air cargo could cause a fire that would result in loss of the aircraft. See http://www.dot.gov/affairs/faa001.htm.
The telcos are common carriers. They gave up certain rights to gain certain advantages. An ISP is free to charge discriminatory rates and to refuse to offer service to some customers. Unless you can claim that they have a monopoly, Google, and most other companies, have no legal obligation to be fair or nice.
For many urban school systems, the best thing that could be done would be to demolish every public school in the system. When you've been fucking up our children for decades, don't tell me that everthing will be better if we spend more money and reduce student-to-teacher ratios. We tried that and it didn't work. The correlation between funding and results is weak. Some school systems are so dysfunctional that the only realistic solution is to pull the plug.
I'd like to see Congress mandate best practices in power supply design. Part of the problem in the marketplace is the struggle between "doing it right" and "doing it cheap". Many companies go for "doing it cheap", even if the dollar they save results in a product with a limited lifetime and poor efficiency, costing the customer substantially more than the initial savings seen by the manufacturer. Congress could mandate power factor correction and minimum efficiency levels. There are already many other products that have to meet efficiency standards.
Or maybe they could just run a data center off DC power supplies.
That doesn't buy you anything, and may be less efficient than an AC power distribution system. Modern computers have power requirements that require the use of switching power supplies and DC-to-DC converters that are physically close to the circuits that they supply.
Another issue is how do you fake it so that the thousands of people who worked for NASA's tracking network think they are tracking the Apollo spacecraft, and communicating with it, as it goes to the Moon and back. They can see where the antenna is pointing to, and the doppler shift tells them the relative velocity. You can't fake this with a satellite in Earth orbit, or Lunar orbit. It would have to be a fully robotic duplicate of the Apollo mission, complete with landing on the Moon, deploying experiment packages, leaving the Moon, and returning to Earth. It would be easier to do it with real people.
It's the Goddard Space Flight Center Data Evaluation Lab, not a movie theatre. The problem is the lack of money to keep it open, you know, to pay the people who work there, pay for the infrastructure and to maintain the hardware. If closed, the hardware would probably be put in storage and eventually sold at a government surplus auction.
These are analog tapes. They are hard to duplicate without substantial loss of quality. When they were made, the standard procedure was to run multiple recorders (two or four is typical) in case of any problems with the tape recorder or other hardware. This results in two nearly identical tapes. The best one is usually shipped back to the appropriate tape storage facility. Depending on the value of the data, the other tape may be archived or held for some period of time and reused.
These are 14-track analog recordings, 9200 feet per reel, 120 ips. If each track is digitized at 16-bits with a 4 MHz sampling rate, the result would be about 100 GB. 700 tapes would result in 72 TB of data. That's a conservative estimate, it would probably be substantially less if the sampling rate was adjusted to match the actual bandwidth of the data recorded on each track.
That was one of the topics that I was thinking of. What is thought of as "social progress" is subject to change. Fascism was also very popular in the 1930s. Who knows what our grandchildren will think of our society.
Re:How much editorial oversight is enough?
on
When Wikipedia Fails
·
· Score: 1, Insightful
Read the entries from the 80's on communism or from 70's on homosexuality.
And what's wrong with those entries? They don't conform to the shifts in public opinion among certain demographic groups? One of the conceits of the modern age is that we are necessarily smarter, wiser and more ethical than our predecessors. Some wines get better with age, and others turn into vinegar.
I think I'm about to overdose on the stench of hypocrisy emanating from the DGA. These clowns have no problem with distributors and television networks hacking their masterpieces into kibble, to fit in more commercials and eliminate the naughty bits, but if someone in Utah does it, it's an attack on their so-called "artistic integrity"? To mutilate an old joke, we know they are whores, they are just haggling over the price.
High-security spread-spectrum systems do use cryptographically secure spreading codes. Unlike the spreading codes used in less secure systems, they don't repeat and you need an accurate time reference to synchronize the PN code generator in the receiver with the PN code generator in the transmitter.
Not only that, speeding up the CPU can actually make a system run slower on heavily loaded systems with certain sets of tasks. It screws up the timing relationships of the tasks and results in non-optimal scheduling.
Maybe we need a zeroize function for our cell phones. Crypto equipment often has a zeroize feature that quickly erases all sensitive data from memory upon operator command or the detection of tampering. Modern crypto equipment is designed to be of little or no value to the enemy if the keys are erased. My GPS receiver has a similar function, that erases all waypoints and any other information that might be considered sensitive.
Slashdot Mirror
There are magistrates in the federal court system, and in some states.
Anywhere kids have grown up watching Bugs Bunny cartoons on television.
Speex is a CELP (code excited linear prediction) codec that is far more complex than the simple PCM system used by the telephone company. The resultant bit rate can be fixed or variable, and is not rigidly tied to the sampling rate used for data acquisition.
It's also lower distortion and improved signal-to-noise ratio.
Think about direct sequence spread spectrum systems that use cryptographically secure spreading codes. The PN code generator in the receiver must be synchronized with the PN code generator in the transmitter for the receiver to be able to despread and detect a transmitted signal. There are also navigation systems that are designed on the assumption that the user has a very accurate local clock. A clock driven by a high quality cesium beam frequency standard can easily gain or lose a nanosecond per day. That's a noticeable amount of error. Most fixed sources of error, such as propagation delay in cabling and electronics, can be measured or predicted.
We can always use more accuracy. Many communications systems rely on accurate clocks to keep the transmitters and receivers in synchronization. Frequency stability is also important for communications systems and test and measurement equipment. Any defects in the clock will degrade the performance of the equipment.
It's a shame that Microsoft caved in to the whining of the IT control freaks. There are legitimate reasons to encrypt sensitive information, even in the corporate setting. If you think that the possession of the Administrator password means that you should have unfettered access to every scrap of data on the network, you need to see a psychiatrist about your delusions.
If it will make you feel better, we can call them gas generators. It's the same thing, just with a friendlier name. See your automobile's air bag for an example.
There is a real concern that lithium batteries shipped as air cargo could cause a fire that would result in loss of the aircraft. See http://www.dot.gov/affairs/faa001.htm.
The telcos are common carriers. They gave up certain rights to gain certain advantages. An ISP is free to charge discriminatory rates and to refuse to offer service to some customers. Unless you can claim that they have a monopoly, Google, and most other companies, have no legal obligation to be fair or nice.
For many urban school systems, the best thing that could be done would be to demolish every public school in the system. When you've been fucking up our children for decades, don't tell me that everthing will be better if we spend more money and reduce student-to-teacher ratios. We tried that and it didn't work. The correlation between funding and results is weak. Some school systems are so dysfunctional that the only realistic solution is to pull the plug.
I'd like to see Congress mandate best practices in power supply design. Part of the problem in the marketplace is the struggle between "doing it right" and "doing it cheap". Many companies go for "doing it cheap", even if the dollar they save results in a product with a limited lifetime and poor efficiency, costing the customer substantially more than the initial savings seen by the manufacturer. Congress could mandate power factor correction and minimum efficiency levels. There are already many other products that have to meet efficiency standards.
That doesn't buy you anything, and may be less efficient than an AC power distribution system. Modern computers have power requirements that require the use of switching power supplies and DC-to-DC converters that are physically close to the circuits that they supply.
Another issue is how do you fake it so that the thousands of people who worked for NASA's tracking network think they are tracking the Apollo spacecraft, and communicating with it, as it goes to the Moon and back. They can see where the antenna is pointing to, and the doppler shift tells them the relative velocity. You can't fake this with a satellite in Earth orbit, or Lunar orbit. It would have to be a fully robotic duplicate of the Apollo mission, complete with landing on the Moon, deploying experiment packages, leaving the Moon, and returning to Earth. It would be easier to do it with real people.
It's the Goddard Space Flight Center Data Evaluation Lab, not a movie theatre. The problem is the lack of money to keep it open, you know, to pay the people who work there, pay for the infrastructure and to maintain the hardware. If closed, the hardware would probably be put in storage and eventually sold at a government surplus auction.
These are analog tapes. They are hard to duplicate without substantial loss of quality. When they were made, the standard procedure was to run multiple recorders (two or four is typical) in case of any problems with the tape recorder or other hardware. This results in two nearly identical tapes. The best one is usually shipped back to the appropriate tape storage facility. Depending on the value of the data, the other tape may be archived or held for some period of time and reused.
These are 14-track analog recordings, 9200 feet per reel, 120 ips. If each track is digitized at 16-bits with a 4 MHz sampling rate, the result would be about 100 GB. 700 tapes would result in 72 TB of data. That's a conservative estimate, it would probably be substantially less if the sampling rate was adjusted to match the actual bandwidth of the data recorded on each track.
That was one of the topics that I was thinking of. What is thought of as "social progress" is subject to change. Fascism was also very popular in the 1930s. Who knows what our grandchildren will think of our society.
And what's wrong with those entries? They don't conform to the shifts in public opinion among certain demographic groups? One of the conceits of the modern age is that we are necessarily smarter, wiser and more ethical than our predecessors. Some wines get better with age, and others turn into vinegar.
I think I'm about to overdose on the stench of hypocrisy emanating from the DGA. These clowns have no problem with distributors and television networks hacking their masterpieces into kibble, to fit in more commercials and eliminate the naughty bits, but if someone in Utah does it, it's an attack on their so-called "artistic integrity"? To mutilate an old joke, we know they are whores, they are just haggling over the price.
They buy a copy of the movie for each edited copy that they sell or rent. Try again.
-- Werner von Braun (modified by Mort Sahl)
High-security spread-spectrum systems do use cryptographically secure spreading codes. Unlike the spreading codes used in less secure systems, they don't repeat and you need an accurate time reference to synchronize the PN code generator in the receiver with the PN code generator in the transmitter.
Not only that, speeding up the CPU can actually make a system run slower on heavily loaded systems with certain sets of tasks. It screws up the timing relationships of the tasks and results in non-optimal scheduling.
Maybe we need a zeroize function for our cell phones. Crypto equipment often has a zeroize feature that quickly erases all sensitive data from memory upon operator command or the detection of tampering. Modern crypto equipment is designed to be of little or no value to the enemy if the keys are erased. My GPS receiver has a similar function, that erases all waypoints and any other information that might be considered sensitive.