My understanding is that ATM doesn't handle retransmissions.
Correct. About the only physical network that does is Token Ring. Most let TCP handle it, and the TCP retransmission delay is what I was talking about.
Furthermore, Bell's data shows that network wide, with millions of customers and trillions of ATM cells flying about per month, they only suffer from about 3500-4500 cell loss events per month.
I suspect those numbers (without their context) may be misleading. I can leave mtr running for a month across any backbone's network and get a hell of a lot more than 5000 dropped packets in a month (assuming isolated cell loss events cause an entire IP packet to be dropped), even if everything's operating normally. Most SLAs I've seen only promise < 0.5% packet loss.
Queueing Theory says that around 70% utilization is when delays occur.
Delays occur whenever anything is waiting in an output queue instead of being immediately transmitted. This could happen at very low average utilization levels if multiple sources all try to send data across a link simultaneously. The delay time is a function of the number of bytes waiting to be transmitted and the transmit speed.
Retransmission delays occur when the output queue gets full, the router drops additional packets as they come in, and the TCP connection hangs until the retried packets come through (700ms for the first one, much more for subsequent dropped packets). To avoid compounding the problem, output queues on routers are typically sized to something a fair bit less than 700ms.
Don't blame the patent examiner on this one there is only between 8 hrs (most experienced) to 16 hrs (least experienced) to find prior art and then reject all the claims (time is not adjusted for extra claims).
If poor college undergrads constantly call you on the phone just to sell you crap you wouldn't blame them? They're just doing their job.
The system is broken at every level. Blaming everyone involved in it at every level is a good first step to getting it shut down entirely.
Isn't it amazing how the Republicans manage to label every single candidate that we run as the "most leftist" or "most liberal"?
Let's not single out the Republicans for this. As someone who participated in the Democratic Caucus (and is therefore on their rolls), I've already received junk mail touting McCain as a dangerously conservative... umm... conservative.
When TCP/IP links get to 80% or more, they are essentially saturated. It takes a lot of abuse to get that last 20% of capacity to show up on a graph.
Exactly. What a lot of people forget is that those graphs are averages over time. The reality is that a network link is either idle or transmitting at full speed at any given instant, and its output queue is either empty or has packets waiting to go out. Another way of looking at an 80% full link on a 5-minute-average graph is that that line was pegged for four out of those five minutes and during those four minutes, packets had to wait in line behind other packets. When that output queue gets full, the router drops them on the floor and you get congestion-based packet loss.
As the connection gets more and more bogged down, any interactive connections (ssh, rdp, ica, voip, gaming, etc) take a latency hit from their packets waiting in all of these output queues, and if there's packet loss, then those apps (if based on TCP) get to wait 700ms for the first retry.
I wonder how much less I could run my A/C every year just because of the shade provided by solar cells on my roof?
Your average silicon PV cell is 12% efficient. That means that for every watt of electricity out, 7 watts goes into heating up the cell, and very little gets reflected back out (since they are black).
A white or light-shaded composition shingle roof would reflect about 30% of the light energy hitting it. While an asphalt shingle generates no electricity, it would absorb 20% less heat than the PV cell.
Hopefully you have a little bit of an air gap between your PV cells and your roof.
How are you going to know if anyone is unhappy if everyone is too scared to say anything?
If you abuse your power long enough and recklessly enough, then the game changes. It's no longer about the destroyed lives that you've heard about - it's about your own life having been destroyed. It's no longer about who you know has been through the same, it's about who you guess hasn't. It's no longer about what you have to gain, it's about having nothing to lose.
At that point, the ante has been upped - if the government has already put you away somewhere, you're screwed. If they haven't, the government is screwed.
That's OK, as long as the passenger cage itself remains intact. (Permanent damage is preferable to any rebounding action.)
The N600 and the old Minis were very unsafe, so you're reinforcing my point. Remember, the Mini was withdrawn from sale in the US in 1968 because it couldn't meet US crash standards. *1968* US crash standards.
Of course a lighter car is going to have a harder time meeting crash standards, especially a foreign car that wasn't originally designed with those standards in mind.
I acknowledged that weight is a factor - I'm just saying that, given that weight is not something you can compromise on in an airplane (ask any pilot whether they'd like crumple zones, or whether they'd like a slower stall speed, lower sink rate, better climb rate, reduced takeoff/landing distance, increased maneuverability - all things that make you safer in the air), there are still ways to make it relatively safe. I'd rather be in an accident in any modern 1300lb car than anything produced before 1950.
To be safe, you need to get a lot of metal around you.
To be safe, you need to minimize G forces to the passengers in the event of a collision, while also minimizing their risk of getting crushed. One factor that does help is to boost weight, so that the other vehicle doesn't bounce you the opposite direction as badly. The other factor that helps, which is employed on all passenger vehicles these days, is to have large crumple zones surrounding a strong passenger cage. The crumple zones increase the deceleration time, reducing the G forces, and the strong passenger cage reduces the risk of getting crushed.
If it's going to fly, you can't compromise on weight. They say in the article that they intend it to weigh no more than 1320 pounds, so that it can be certified in the new light sport aircraft category. So, crumple zones and a strong passenger cage it is. 1320 pounds isn't that much less than a Lotus Elise or even a Chevrolet Chevette. It's actually more than a Honda N600 and about the same as an old Mini.
BTW, in your materials list, you left out the perennially-popular aluminum as well as the carbon fiber the article says the plane will actually be made of.
a heat pump might only consume 500W of electrical power (I made that number up) in order to dump the same 1000W into the same room.
Real numbers, for the curious: Not more than 303 watts, for Energy Star compliant geothermal heat pumps, and not more than 427 watts for Energy Star compliant air heat pumps. The ratio for the first is the Coefficient of Performance (COP) rating - the lowest mentioned there is 3.3, 1000/3.3=303. For the second, it's Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF), which is the same thing except in BTUs/hr per watt instead of watts per watt. The lowest HSPF is 8.0, or 2.34 watts per watt. 1000/2.34=427.
Very often, especially in American news reporting, you'll see an exact unit converted from a previously-rounded metric figure. To make up an example: "Witnesses said the flames from the fuel tanker crash reached between 328 feet to 656 feet in the air." Of course, the source they are quoting said "100-200 meters". It kinda sucks because it implies a level of precision that wasn't ever there.
And drag isn't effected by weight, so the only downside to adding more weight is the initial cost of getting the thing moving.
The other friction component is rolling resistance, which is proportional to weight. These cars are fully streamlined and only go 10-20mph. I wouldn't be surprised if rolling resistance saps more energy than parasitic drag.
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Correct. About the only physical network that does is Token Ring. Most let TCP handle it, and the TCP retransmission delay is what I was talking about.
I suspect those numbers (without their context) may be misleading. I can leave mtr running for a month across any backbone's network and get a hell of a lot more than 5000 dropped packets in a month (assuming isolated cell loss events cause an entire IP packet to be dropped), even if everything's operating normally. Most SLAs I've seen only promise < 0.5% packet loss.
Market forces don't concern themselves with market definitions.
Delays occur whenever anything is waiting in an output queue instead of being immediately transmitted. This could happen at very low average utilization levels if multiple sources all try to send data across a link simultaneously. The delay time is a function of the number of bytes waiting to be transmitted and the transmit speed.
Retransmission delays occur when the output queue gets full, the router drops additional packets as they come in, and the TCP connection hangs until the retried packets come through (700ms for the first one, much more for subsequent dropped packets). To avoid compounding the problem, output queues on routers are typically sized to something a fair bit less than 700ms.
How can inflation be keyed to minimum wage if there aren't a significant number of people living on it?
If poor college undergrads constantly call you on the phone just to sell you crap you wouldn't blame them? They're just doing their job.
The system is broken at every level. Blaming everyone involved in it at every level is a good first step to getting it shut down entirely.
Sure helps, but no, not even that is necessary.
It's happened a number of times. All you have to do is get enough people to agree with you.
Of course he doesn't. Laws, precedence, bungled defense be damned: the court is wrong.
Of course. Why, ISO is an ISO-9000-compliant organization!
Let's not single out the Republicans for this. As someone who participated in the Democratic Caucus (and is therefore on their rolls), I've already received junk mail touting McCain as a dangerously conservative... umm... conservative.
I don't think we're that far away from finding microbes that like to eat the plastic and the cardboard, leaving the metal.
Maybe we can start by breeding Pringles' customers.
Exactly. What a lot of people forget is that those graphs are averages over time. The reality is that a network link is either idle or transmitting at full speed at any given instant, and its output queue is either empty or has packets waiting to go out. Another way of looking at an 80% full link on a 5-minute-average graph is that that line was pegged for four out of those five minutes and during those four minutes, packets had to wait in line behind other packets. When that output queue gets full, the router drops them on the floor and you get congestion-based packet loss.
As the connection gets more and more bogged down, any interactive connections (ssh, rdp, ica, voip, gaming, etc) take a latency hit from their packets waiting in all of these output queues, and if there's packet loss, then those apps (if based on TCP) get to wait 700ms for the first retry.
Anyone know if Canada has any laws similar to the US's Racketeer influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act?
Autodesk should be careful with that. For a large number of their customers, a lawsuit would be cheaper, even if they managed to drag it out a bit.
At least that's not a list of military budgets.
Maybe you mean Carnot? More importantly, if you have a source for this assertion, I'd be very interested in reading it.
Your average silicon PV cell is 12% efficient. That means that for every watt of electricity out, 7 watts goes into heating up the cell, and very little gets reflected back out (since they are black).
A white or light-shaded composition shingle roof would reflect about 30% of the light energy hitting it. While an asphalt shingle generates no electricity, it would absorb 20% less heat than the PV cell.
Hopefully you have a little bit of an air gap between your PV cells and your roof.
Good call - 300 kph = 186.411mph
If you abuse your power long enough and recklessly enough, then the game changes. It's no longer about the destroyed lives that you've heard about - it's about your own life having been destroyed. It's no longer about who you know has been through the same, it's about who you guess hasn't. It's no longer about what you have to gain, it's about having nothing to lose.
At that point, the ante has been upped - if the government has already put you away somewhere, you're screwed. If they haven't, the government is screwed.
Gas stations and road signs. I'm sure they'll make a law just for you though.
That's OK, as long as the passenger cage itself remains intact. (Permanent damage is preferable to any rebounding action.)
Of course a lighter car is going to have a harder time meeting crash standards, especially a foreign car that wasn't originally designed with those standards in mind.
I acknowledged that weight is a factor - I'm just saying that, given that weight is not something you can compromise on in an airplane (ask any pilot whether they'd like crumple zones, or whether they'd like a slower stall speed, lower sink rate, better climb rate, reduced takeoff/landing distance, increased maneuverability - all things that make you safer in the air), there are still ways to make it relatively safe. I'd rather be in an accident in any modern 1300lb car than anything produced before 1950.
To be safe, you need to minimize G forces to the passengers in the event of a collision, while also minimizing their risk of getting crushed. One factor that does help is to boost weight, so that the other vehicle doesn't bounce you the opposite direction as badly. The other factor that helps, which is employed on all passenger vehicles these days, is to have large crumple zones surrounding a strong passenger cage. The crumple zones increase the deceleration time, reducing the G forces, and the strong passenger cage reduces the risk of getting crushed.
If it's going to fly, you can't compromise on weight. They say in the article that they intend it to weigh no more than 1320 pounds, so that it can be certified in the new light sport aircraft category. So, crumple zones and a strong passenger cage it is. 1320 pounds isn't that much less than a Lotus Elise or even a Chevrolet Chevette. It's actually more than a Honda N600 and about the same as an old Mini.
BTW, in your materials list, you left out the perennially-popular aluminum as well as the carbon fiber the article says the plane will actually be made of.
Real numbers, for the curious: Not more than 303 watts, for Energy Star compliant geothermal heat pumps, and not more than 427 watts for Energy Star compliant air heat pumps. The ratio for the first is the Coefficient of Performance (COP) rating - the lowest mentioned there is 3.3, 1000/3.3=303. For the second, it's Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF), which is the same thing except in BTUs/hr per watt instead of watts per watt. The lowest HSPF is 8.0, or 2.34 watts per watt. 1000/2.34=427.
Very often, especially in American news reporting, you'll see an exact unit converted from a previously-rounded metric figure. To make up an example: "Witnesses said the flames from the fuel tanker crash reached between 328 feet to 656 feet in the air." Of course, the source they are quoting said "100-200 meters". It kinda sucks because it implies a level of precision that wasn't ever there.
The other friction component is rolling resistance, which is proportional to weight. These cars are fully streamlined and only go 10-20mph. I wouldn't be surprised if rolling resistance saps more energy than parasitic drag.