I don't think this issue is specific to SSDs. A regular hard drive also corrupts the sector if it loses power during a write. Especially if the data is in the cache and hasn't been written to the disk. And both types of drives often lie about their fsync capabilities.
If I'm reading the wiki link provided in the grandparent post correctly, in a MLC (but not SLC) drive, not only can the current write be corrupted, but previously performed (and assumed safe) writes can be corrupted as well.
Well, ARM designs the IPs that will go into those products... and they are ready to start selling the IP. It takes a couple of years to build SOCs around them, and then to build the devices.
I've been wondering about just how much lead time they gave their partners prior to this announcement. Given the rate at which AMD is burning cash and credibility, I doubt they can afford a lead-time that's too long.
More likely, there was some development going on in parallel between ARM and their partners. If I had to guess, AMD started the move to ARM about the time they began discussions on purchasing Seamicro, and soon after lost a bunch of senior executives and engineers (at least some of who probably disagreed over the migration from x86 to ARM).
Just as Kim Jong-Un had to purge a bunch of his father's old advisers in order to solidify his grip on North Korea, so too must new CEOs purge a board member or two in order to prove they're the boss.
A Kim-style board member purge would certainly make for a quite a show: Kim Jong-un Orders North Korean Army Minister To Be 'Executed With Mortar Round' On the orders of Kim Jong-un to leave "no trace of him behind, down to his hair," according to South Korean media, Kim Chol was forced to stand on a spot that had been zeroed in for a mortar round and "obliterated."
Communism has become Newspeak [wikipedia.org] for totalitarianism.
And the Newspeak was right in the names of the countries; the more often you saw "Democratic" and "People's" on the label, the more oppressive you could bet the country would turn out to be:
West Germany: "Federal Republic of Germany" vs. East Germany: "German Democratic Republic" Taiwan: "Republic of China" vs. Mainland China: "People's Republic of China" South Korea: "Republic of Korea" vs. North Korea: "Democratic People's Republic of Korea"
"When the people are being beaten with a stick, they are not much happier if it is called 'The People's Stick.'" --Mikhail Bakunin
Yes, it is 'only' a category one hurricane. That is going to cover ALL of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Massachusettes, and parts of Virginia, Kentucky, West Virginia, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine with at least tropical storm force winds.
Yup, it's a good example of quantity having a quality all it's own. Although the local damage will likely be mild compared to famous storms of the past, it will be applied over a huge area, resulting in a very large $ figure when it is finished.
You're apparently not paying much attention, apple does indeed do their own in-house cpu designs
My apologies, I am aware of the Apple Ax-series processors, but reflexively wrote "CPU" when I should have explicitly said "Desktop/Laptop CPU". I still believe that if they're going in-house for their PCs, at some point Apple will need a lot of resources -- including IP for the inevitable patent war with Intel (however useless and destructive that would be for everyone involved).
When you let your institutional knowledge leave the building, it goes for good. MBAs don't understand this.
Maybe they do. There is some speculation that AMD management is prepping the company for a sale, and thus mostly concerned with making the short-term numbers look good. From what I understand, AMD's x86 cross-licensing agreements with Intel do not transfer over to a new owner, so their ARM posturing may make sense in that fashion, as the only buyers with both the cash and the need (for anti-Intel IP) would be interested in that field.
An intriguing possibility is Apple. Now, Apple would never buy AMD for their x86 CPUs, as they have historically been more useful to Apple as a price-negotiation cudgel, to get better deals from Intel. However, if Apple decides to finally make the jump to in-house CPU designs, then it starts to make sense -- especially considering Apple's current Patent Paranoia.
You know, this is an interesting inversion of the Broken Window fallacy.
In the former, you destroy real value to make imaginary dollars move around. In this case, we have real value being created each time someone finds the software to be useful, even though most players don't earn more than a sliver of profit.
Well, I TRIED adding those articles last month, but some fascist admin going by the name "Causality" reverted all my changes and eventually banned me! They said it was to "protect reality from obvious time paradoxes", but I know it was because they were babysitting their own articles.
Pfft. I had a run in with the so-called Mr. Causality, and he threatened to ban my Grandpa! Obvious nuts, since there's no way he cou
If I was a terrorist leader I'd blow up a few bags of ball bearings in the lines of people waiting to nudie-scanned. The country would implode overnight...
No problem, we just need an Airport Screening Line Pre-screening Line!
So the TSA makes up approximately 0.2% of the federal budget.
By comparison, NASA constitutes something like 0.4 - 0.5% of the budget.
Why would I make that comparison? Well, because it makes for a reference point in comprehending how big a tenth-percent of a federal budget is, and what sort of things you could do with that much money.
Perhaps there are occasional devout individuals who have given thought to the theological implications of an autopsy, or who follow some particular clerical leader who have issued an explicit edict. But I'm guess more often, "religious objection" is used by the general public as a more acceptable way to say "It makes me feel afraid" or "It makes me feel icky". It's not pleasant to think of your loved one having their rib cage cracked open and organs poked at, or their brain sliced up and soaked in formalin.
autopsies are very expensive taking many hours of a pathologists time as well as extensive time of technical and assistant staff.
Quite right, it's not really clear who's on the hook to pay. In theory, the cost of autopsies are supposedly covered in the contracts hospitals have with government and private insurance, but often as a hazy "it's included" concept, often with no budget earmarks for the departments that would actually do the work, and no change in funds for increased (or decreased) use of autopsies.
Sure there is. For instance, the UTI drug Methenamine -- it operates via a very non-specific mechanism of action, and thus is equally in-effective against everything:P
Hell, I got a bill for a rape kit once... I didn't pay.
Not sure I understand this correctly, if you were billed for something you didn't use, or billed for something you feel you shouldn't have to pay for. Anyway though, if you're getting medical bills for random items out of the blue that you didn't receive, it is possible some uninsured person is using your SSI or contact information to obtain care. Better check to make sure weird things aren't going into your medical/credit record.
Take a bladder infection -- if they see red blood cells, that's confirmation of a bladder infection and they prescribe a generic antibiotic.
Suggestive of a bladder infection, but RBC contamination is frequent in menstruating females. Viral infections of the bladder can also cause it, especially adenovirus.
In my experience power adaptor degradation is the main culprit. Over time the adaptor will provide lower voltages and a less stable current. This translates into a lower signal output and higher noise respectably. I've seen bad adaptor turn repeaters into signal jammers - trust me, that was not an easy issue to troubleshoot...
I can second this, we had a cheap DLink router (running ddWRT) that started exhibited a creeping decrease in bandwidth and reliability, which could be temporarily "fixed" by a reboot, but wasn't permanently resolved until I replacaed the wall-wart power supply. Interestingly, even as the Wi-Fi connections on it became increasingly unusable, hard-line Ethernet connections to it behaved fine the whole time, and ddWRT's status page reported everything was just peachy.
I know exactly where he's coming from. In 6th grade I was reading multiple novels a week and had a college reading level. I know exactly what it's like to sit in a classroom while the class slowly, haltingly stumbles, one student at a time down each row, through reading one paragraph at a time from the textbook aloud to the class. I'm lost in the book, reading 7-8 chapters ahead as usual, so of course when the teacher gets to me and I "don't know my place", I get in trouble. So then I had to learn the skill of covertly reading ahead but still keeping track of the classroom's progress so I didn't get in trouble.
Ah, I remember this game from childhood. Just count the number students ahead of you, and skip down that many paragraphs. Briefly take note of the first and last sentences of the paragraphs before and after your predicted section, just in case the teacher doubles-up a short paragraph or splits a large one.
For bonus points: If you memorize your assigned section, then ostentatiously close your book and then recite it perfectly from memory, teachers will generally stop giving you shit.
I learned that on April 24, Google put in an algorithm that penalized websites for "webspam". What is webspam? They identified it very vaguely, but the examples they gave were egregious - people who put thousands of unrelated words on a page, or people who were running massive link exchanges designed to boost other websites' popularity in Google's results. But my site did none of that - yet Google cut it from appearing in the search results by about 70%.
Hmm, maybe a competitor might have "joe-jobbed" you, spamming your website name as a way to knock you down in the ratings?
Using repurposed military robotics and AI, create an unstoppable geriatric-mecha-juggernaut with the voice and personality of your deceased grandmother, who will then carve a swath of destruction through the city as it takes Grandpa on a trip to the beach. Or at least, that's what Anime tells me you should do. :)
The effect of liver flukes in CCA in the U.S. is still thought to be minimal however. Given our lifestyles, much greater roles are thought to be played by auto-immune diseases of the biliary system; viral hepatitis; and the concentration and secretion of foreign carcinogenic substances in bile (generally, substances with aromatic characteristics and somewhat higher molecular weight, and not otherwise excreted through urine).
I don't think that statement is actually correct. There was an experiment done where people where told to eat until they were full out of a bowl of soup. And the amount people ate was strongly correlated to the size of the container, despite everyone believing they only ate the amount they needed.
The plan I'm on is the same price as the Samsung SGS3. So no, it's not "huge markups". This same one trick pony is trotted out with respect to Apple PCs too, and it's as false there as it is here. A top of the line Android is every bit as pricey, depending on setup and/or contract.
Not "huge markups" for you, but (at least in the U.S.), for your mobile carrier. Apple is well-known for demanding substantially higher subsidy rates from their partners, who then have to try to recoup the extra cost from subscribers. For instance, back when Sprint finally caved in and offered the iPhone, they broke their own records for new subscriber enrollments -- and simultaneously lost 1.3 billion that same quarter, in large part due to the exorbitant price they had to pay.
The price customers typically pay for a new iPhone is a heavily discounted rate cushioned by the carriers, who buy the devices from Apple for close to their full retail price tags. (The 16 GB iPhone 4S that generally goes for $199 with a two-year contract has a list price of $649.) Carriers eat the difference and make it up by padding the monthly cost of their customers' phone contracts. The iPhone's subsidy typically runs about $400 per device -- the highest of any smartphone on the market.
First, my condolences regarding your diagnosis, I hope you are receiving proper care for your condition. However, I would like to offer some corrections and commentary on your post.
The worm attaches near the bile duct and produces chemicals that create cancer so it can eat the by-products.
The exact mechanism resulting in the increase in cholangiocarcinoma is not known with certainty, but is thought to involve the constant inflammation and irritation produced by the parasite's presence, which results in increased cellular proliferation and hyperplasia. To say it "produces chemicals that create cancer so it can eat the by-products" doesn't make much sense to me.
But as Chinese fish is exported, and ends up in places like cheap sushi bars in Birmingham
Sushi fish are salt-water species (with a few special exceptions which Americans are unlikely to encounter), which compared to freshwater fish, are hosts to far fewer species of parasites able to infect humans -- the Japanese originators of Sushi recognized this, and selected only certain species of fish for use, for this reason. Liver flukes are not among the species they are able to transmit.
In addition, in the U.S., it is recommended Sushi fish to be deep-frozen for an extended period of time, which destroys helminthic parasites. Freezing and storing at -4F (-20C) or below for 7 days, or freezing at -31F (-35C) or below until solid and storing at -31F (-35C) or below for 15 hours, or freezing at -31F (-35C) or below until solid and storing at -4F (-20C) or below for 24 hours is sufficient to kill parasites, per FDA guidelines. As you say though, cheap and unskilled Sushi places do not always reliably follow the safety guidelines, and there is also the possibility that you may be served freshwater fish fraudulently mis-identified as an accepted saltwater sushi fish species.
Good news is a yearly de-worming should be sufficient to prevent bile-duct cancer, if anyone cared about this.
Here's the problem -- there is always some risk with pharmaceuticals, a small proportion of recipients will experience allergic reactions or unforseen drug interactions. Due to the very low incidence of liver flukes in the U.S., the number of patients to treat to prevent one case of CCA is very, very high. Even in China, with an estimated 12.5 million infected, only about 1k CCA cases a year result (M.B. Qian et al., PLoS 2011). So even ignoring the time and cost spent, if you do a blanket de-worming of the entire population, you will likely impose a greater morbidity on the population from the cure than the disease.
I don't think this issue is specific to SSDs. A regular hard drive also corrupts the sector if it loses power during a write. Especially if the data is in the cache and hasn't been written to the disk. And both types of drives often lie about their fsync capabilities.
If I'm reading the wiki link provided in the grandparent post correctly, in a MLC (but not SLC) drive, not only can the current write be corrupted, but previously performed (and assumed safe) writes can be corrupted as well.
Well, ARM designs the IPs that will go into those products... and they are ready to start selling the IP. It takes a couple of years to build SOCs around them, and then to build the devices.
I've been wondering about just how much lead time they gave their partners prior to this announcement. Given the rate at which AMD is burning cash and credibility, I doubt they can afford a lead-time that's too long.
More likely, there was some development going on in parallel between ARM and their partners. If I had to guess, AMD started the move to ARM about the time they began discussions on purchasing Seamicro, and soon after lost a bunch of senior executives and engineers (at least some of who probably disagreed over the migration from x86 to ARM).
Just as Kim Jong-Un had to purge a bunch of his father's old advisers in order to solidify his grip on North Korea, so too must new CEOs purge a board member or two in order to prove they're the boss.
A Kim-style board member purge would certainly make for a quite a show:
Kim Jong-un Orders North Korean Army Minister To Be 'Executed With Mortar Round'
On the orders of Kim Jong-un to leave "no trace of him behind, down to his hair," according to South Korean media, Kim Chol was forced to stand on a spot that had been zeroed in for a mortar round and "obliterated."
Communism has become Newspeak [wikipedia.org] for totalitarianism.
And the Newspeak was right in the names of the countries; the more often you saw "Democratic" and "People's" on the label, the more oppressive you could bet the country would turn out to be:
West Germany: "Federal Republic of Germany" vs. East Germany: "German Democratic Republic"
Taiwan: "Republic of China" vs. Mainland China: "People's Republic of China"
South Korea: "Republic of Korea" vs. North Korea: "Democratic People's Republic of Korea"
"When the people are being beaten with a stick, they are not much happier if it is called 'The People's Stick.'" --Mikhail Bakunin
Yes, it is 'only' a category one hurricane. That is going to cover ALL of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Massachusettes, and parts of Virginia, Kentucky, West Virginia, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine with at least tropical storm force winds.
Yup, it's a good example of quantity having a quality all it's own. Although the local damage will likely be mild compared to famous storms of the past, it will be applied over a huge area, resulting in a very large $ figure when it is finished.
It involves a spinning magnet beneath the parked vehicle which turns another magnet in the underside of the car.
Oh wow, it's a jumbo Magnetic Stir Plate! Perfect for that 1000L Erlenmeyer Flask in your garage.
You're apparently not paying much attention, apple does indeed do their own in-house cpu designs
My apologies, I am aware of the Apple Ax-series processors, but reflexively wrote "CPU" when I should have explicitly said "Desktop/Laptop CPU". I still believe that if they're going in-house for their PCs, at some point Apple will need a lot of resources -- including IP for the inevitable patent war with Intel (however useless and destructive that would be for everyone involved).
When you let your institutional knowledge leave the building, it goes for good. MBAs don't understand this.
Maybe they do. There is some speculation that AMD management is prepping the company for a sale, and thus mostly concerned with making the short-term numbers look good. From what I understand, AMD's x86 cross-licensing agreements with Intel do not transfer over to a new owner, so their ARM posturing may make sense in that fashion, as the only buyers with both the cash and the need (for anti-Intel IP) would be interested in that field.
An intriguing possibility is Apple. Now, Apple would never buy AMD for their x86 CPUs, as they have historically been more useful to Apple as a price-negotiation cudgel, to get better deals from Intel. However, if Apple decides to finally make the jump to in-house CPU designs, then it starts to make sense -- especially considering Apple's current Patent Paranoia.
Android is not making money
You know, this is an interesting inversion of the Broken Window fallacy.
In the former, you destroy real value to make imaginary dollars move around. In this case, we have real value being created each time someone finds the software to be useful, even though most players don't earn more than a sliver of profit.
Well, I TRIED adding those articles last month, but some fascist admin going by the name "Causality" reverted all my changes and eventually banned me! They said it was to "protect reality from obvious time paradoxes", but I know it was because they were babysitting their own articles.
Pfft. I had a run in with the so-called Mr. Causality, and he threatened to ban my Grandpa! Obvious nuts, since there's no way he cou
There's always pop-culture. Can't you see the day when all new entries are limited to 140 characters?
I can see the day when all entries are videos.
I can see the day when said videos all involve some guy getting hit in the balls, with zany sound effects mixed in.
If I was a terrorist leader I'd blow up a few bags of ball bearings in the lines of people waiting to nudie-scanned. The country would implode overnight...
No problem, we just need an Airport Screening Line Pre-screening Line!
So the TSA makes up approximately 0.2% of the federal budget.
By comparison, NASA constitutes something like 0.4 - 0.5% of the budget.
Why would I make that comparison? Well, because it makes for a reference point in comprehending how big a tenth-percent of a federal budget is, and what sort of things you could do with that much money.
Perhaps there are occasional devout individuals who have given thought to the theological implications of an autopsy, or who follow some particular clerical leader who have issued an explicit edict. But I'm guess more often, "religious objection" is used by the general public as a more acceptable way to say "It makes me feel afraid" or "It makes me feel icky". It's not pleasant to think of your loved one having their rib cage cracked open and organs poked at, or their brain sliced up and soaked in formalin.
autopsies are very expensive taking many hours of a pathologists time as well as extensive time of technical and assistant staff.
Quite right, it's not really clear who's on the hook to pay. In theory, the cost of autopsies are supposedly covered in the contracts hospitals have with government and private insurance, but often as a hazy "it's included" concept, often with no budget earmarks for the departments that would actually do the work, and no change in funds for increased (or decreased) use of autopsies.
There's no such thing as a "generic antibiotic"
Sure there is. For instance, the UTI drug Methenamine -- it operates via a very non-specific mechanism of action, and thus is equally in-effective against everything :P
Hell, I got a bill for a rape kit once... I didn't pay.
Not sure I understand this correctly, if you were billed for something you didn't use, or billed for something you feel you shouldn't have to pay for. Anyway though, if you're getting medical bills for random items out of the blue that you didn't receive, it is possible some uninsured person is using your SSI or contact information to obtain care. Better check to make sure weird things aren't going into your medical/credit record.
Take a bladder infection -- if they see red blood cells, that's confirmation of a bladder infection and they prescribe a generic antibiotic.
Suggestive of a bladder infection, but RBC contamination is frequent in menstruating females. Viral infections of the bladder can also cause it, especially adenovirus.
In my experience power adaptor degradation is the main culprit. Over time the adaptor will provide lower voltages and a less stable current. This translates into a lower signal output and higher noise respectably. I've seen bad adaptor turn repeaters into signal jammers - trust me, that was not an easy issue to troubleshoot...
I can second this, we had a cheap DLink router (running ddWRT) that started exhibited a creeping decrease in bandwidth and reliability, which could be temporarily "fixed" by a reboot, but wasn't permanently resolved until I replacaed the wall-wart power supply. Interestingly, even as the Wi-Fi connections on it became increasingly unusable, hard-line Ethernet connections to it behaved fine the whole time, and ddWRT's status page reported everything was just peachy.
I know exactly where he's coming from. In 6th grade I was reading multiple novels a week and had a college reading level. I know exactly what it's like to sit in a classroom while the class slowly, haltingly stumbles, one student at a time down each row, through reading one paragraph at a time from the textbook aloud to the class. I'm lost in the book, reading 7-8 chapters ahead as usual, so of course when the teacher gets to me and I "don't know my place", I get in trouble. So then I had to learn the skill of covertly reading ahead but still keeping track of the classroom's progress so I didn't get in trouble.
Ah, I remember this game from childhood. Just count the number students ahead of you, and skip down that many paragraphs. Briefly take note of the first and last sentences of the paragraphs before and after your predicted section, just in case the teacher doubles-up a short paragraph or splits a large one.
For bonus points: If you memorize your assigned section, then ostentatiously close your book and then recite it perfectly from memory, teachers will generally stop giving you shit.
I learned that on April 24, Google put in an algorithm that penalized websites for "webspam". What is webspam? They identified it very vaguely, but the examples they gave were egregious - people who put thousands of unrelated words on a page, or people who were running massive link exchanges designed to boost other websites' popularity in Google's results. But my site did none of that - yet Google cut it from appearing in the search results by about 70%.
Hmm, maybe a competitor might have "joe-jobbed" you, spamming your website name as a way to knock you down in the ratings?
Using repurposed military robotics and AI, create an unstoppable geriatric-mecha-juggernaut with the voice and personality of your deceased grandmother, who will then carve a swath of destruction through the city as it takes Grandpa on a trip to the beach. Or at least, that's what Anime tells me you should do. :)
Roujin Z: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102812/
I was unaware of the paper on Granulin-like growth factors secreted by O. viverrini, thank you.
The effect of liver flukes in CCA in the U.S. is still thought to be minimal however. Given our lifestyles, much greater roles are thought to be played by auto-immune diseases of the biliary system; viral hepatitis; and the concentration and secretion of foreign carcinogenic substances in bile (generally, substances with aromatic characteristics and somewhat higher molecular weight, and not otherwise excreted through urine).
I don't think that statement is actually correct. There was an experiment done where people where told to eat until they were full out of a bowl of soup. And the amount people ate was strongly correlated to the size of the container, despite everyone believing they only ate the amount they needed.
That was professor Wansink's group at the Cornell Food and Brand lab,he's also written a mass-market book about the topic:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindless_Eating:_Why_We_Eat_More_Than_We_Think
The plan I'm on is the same price as the Samsung SGS3. So no, it's not "huge markups". This same one trick pony is trotted out with respect to Apple PCs too, and it's as false there as it is here. A top of the line Android is every bit as pricey, depending on setup and/or contract.
Not "huge markups" for you, but (at least in the U.S.), for your mobile carrier. Apple is well-known for demanding substantially higher subsidy rates from their partners, who then have to try to recoup the extra cost from subscribers. For instance, back when Sprint finally caved in and offered the iPhone, they broke their own records for new subscriber enrollments -- and simultaneously lost 1.3 billion that same quarter, in large part due to the exorbitant price they had to pay.
http://money.cnn.com/2012/09/12/technology/iphone-5-carriers/index.html
The price customers typically pay for a new iPhone is a heavily discounted rate cushioned by the carriers, who buy the devices from Apple for close to their full retail price tags. (The 16 GB iPhone 4S that generally goes for $199 with a two-year contract has a list price of $649.) Carriers eat the difference and make it up by padding the monthly cost of their customers' phone contracts. The iPhone's subsidy typically runs about $400 per device -- the highest of any smartphone on the market.
First, my condolences regarding your diagnosis, I hope you are receiving proper care for your condition. However, I would like to offer some corrections and commentary on your post.
The worm attaches near the bile duct and produces chemicals that create cancer so it can eat the by-products.
The exact mechanism resulting in the increase in cholangiocarcinoma is not known with certainty, but is thought to involve the constant inflammation and irritation produced by the parasite's presence, which results in increased cellular proliferation and hyperplasia. To say it "produces chemicals that create cancer so it can eat the by-products" doesn't make much sense to me.
But as Chinese fish is exported, and ends up in places like cheap sushi bars in Birmingham
Sushi fish are salt-water species (with a few special exceptions which Americans are unlikely to encounter), which compared to freshwater fish, are hosts to far fewer species of parasites able to infect humans -- the Japanese originators of Sushi recognized this, and selected only certain species of fish for use, for this reason. Liver flukes are not among the species they are able to transmit.
In addition, in the U.S., it is recommended Sushi fish to be deep-frozen for an extended period of time, which destroys helminthic parasites. Freezing and storing at -4F (-20C) or below for 7 days, or freezing at -31F (-35C) or below until solid and storing at -31F (-35C) or below for 15 hours, or freezing at -31F (-35C) or below until solid and storing at -4F (-20C) or below for 24 hours is sufficient to kill parasites, per FDA guidelines. As you say though, cheap and unskilled Sushi places do not always reliably follow the safety guidelines, and there is also the possibility that you may be served freshwater fish fraudulently mis-identified as an accepted saltwater sushi fish species.
Good news is a yearly de-worming should be sufficient to prevent bile-duct cancer, if anyone cared about this.
Here's the problem -- there is always some risk with pharmaceuticals, a small proportion of recipients will experience allergic reactions or unforseen drug interactions. Due to the very low incidence of liver flukes in the U.S., the number of patients to treat to prevent one case of CCA is very, very high. Even in China, with an estimated 12.5 million infected, only about 1k CCA cases a year result (M.B. Qian et al., PLoS 2011). So even ignoring the time and cost spent, if you do a blanket de-worming of the entire population, you will likely impose a greater morbidity on the population from the cure than the disease.