And over long distances power lines turn into transmission lines. 50Hz requires a 3,000km half-wave dipole antenna. A 3,000km power line radiates power out into the universe pretty well unless you've got 75 ohm loads on each end!
There are near field losses do to the dielectric which includes things like dirt, water, cows, people, whatever, but the structure is literally a transmission line so radiation is not a problem whether the load is matched or not.
Why HVDC? DC is a bitch to convert between voltage and current, and it (generally) is more dangerous at any given voltage, though to be fair at transmission voltage levels it makes little difference if you're a DC or AC flavored charcoal lump.
For a given power, conduction losses are proportional to the resistance and square of the current so there is a premium on using the highest voltage possible. Corona and other AC losses are higher at crest factors greater than 1. These factors make DC more efficient and cost effective for long distance transmission even with conversion losses.
Further, there are difficulties in synchronizing widely separated and large AC grids so there will be a conversion to DC and back to AC anyway. If this is done, then the transmission line might as well be DC.
We need to bring the morals of these agencies into check if we want real change. Hopefully Snowden, Klein & others have done this to an extent. It sucks that these types of acts are what makes the most difference.
I am continuing to push several of my CONgress critters to change some of our bills. In particular, I would like it to be that anything that is CLEAR TEXT, either saved on a system or sent over the net, is fair game for American intelligence. The reason is that it is similar to sending a postcard. It is also the fact that China and Russia also have easy access to this so should ours.
I would also include mass surveillance for law enforcement purposes but see below
Then anything that is ENCRYPTED means that there is an ACTIVE attempt to block others from seeing the data. As such, we then require a warrant for our intel world to see the data (basically decrypt it).
The problem with this is that under law and jurisprudence, encryption does *not* provide any expectation of privacy.
Allowing a warrant to force encryption will become no different than no encryption. That is how the FISA court works now limited only by technical measures.
If we pass this, it will no doubt anger a number of ppl here because it gave America's intel world the same carte blanche that the rest of the world have. This will no doubt cause MS, Google, Yahoo, etc to push through encryption on nearly everything.
That is basically my thought as well. I add that law enforcement might as well do it also because they are going to do it anyway whether through their own efforts, because the national intelligence agencies are doing it for them which currently happens, or by corporations doing it for them which is often the case now and then they will cover it up with parallel construction. The situation where warrants are required or national intelligence agencies or law enforcement are limited as far as mass surveillance just serves to decease those who believe mass surveillance is not occurring. The solution is technical; encrypt absolutely everything.
The preferred solution for law enforcement and national intelligence is false confidence that private data is secure by law limiting demand for strong encryption and security which is the current situation.
At the same time with this bill, I am pushing for USPO to offer up personal digital keys that are FULLY VETTED (i.e. like passport, pix and fingerprint) and they would then have a distributed network of the key-servers. And when it is trivial for somebody to obtain a single digital-key, then e-mail, blogs, etc will become not just secured, but will also be less spam, and BS that we see even in in/.
If any agency other than the individual controls the private keys, then they are not secure. If the design is not open and verifiable, then it is not secure.
With this approach, it will really push for the world to encrypt our data.
And then the large monopoly ISPs buy up the tower space or in the case of WISPs using the ISM bands, place Canopy modems at strategic locations exchanging fake traffic to block point to point WiFi.
Well. if we apply DC voltage in the case of a doubler, the device just won't work.
The doubler is only active when 120 volts AC is used which is the common situation in the US. When the input is configured for 240 volts AC, then 340 volts DC applied to the input goes through 2 of the 4 diodes in the bridge rectifier to charge the capacitors in series. So most 120 volt AC input switching power supplies internally run on 340 volts DC and that is what they expect.
I don't see how it will self destruct because the input current using DC voltage will simply drop to zero as the capacitors get charged.
The danger is that the switching regulator is expecting a nominal 340 volt DC input. If the input is only 170 volts DC as would be the case with a rectified 120 volt AC input without voltage doubling, then the input current is doubled and the switching duty cycle is higher increasing losses in the power switches by more than 2 times. Operating a switching power supply at low input voltages increases conduction losses and possible failure depending on how it was derated.
Good power supplies include an under voltage lockout or excessive input current detection to prevent damage from low input voltages.
Your issue with Power factor correction is a possible problem, but usually the reactance of a switching power supply is inductive, meaning that the easiest and cheapest way to correct this is to add capacitance. Common circuits also add in mutual inductance between the two power lines, but copper costs money so this is not likely. Where it is used, DC won't upset the apple cart all that much, unless the current demands are wildly varying and the variances are happening pretty often, but most of this would be absorbed by the capacitance. I don't see a serious problem with this though in most situations.
As with any "off spec" use of things, you need to know what you are doing and understand there are risks associated with going off label. However, using DC to drive a switching power supply designed to accept AC is pretty low risk if you keep the DC voltages applied within the peak to peak voltage AC voltage on the label.
This is a separate problem with some active power factor correction designs. They should work with any input waveform that has the proper RMS voltage and stays within their crest factor limitations but some inexplicably fail with DC. It is a big enough issue that "correct operation with DC input" has become an advertised feature on the first page of some datasheets.
I've been flogging this horse for maybe 20 years... central micropayments site for the media providers. Joe Surfer makes a deposit. every news site he now hits, there is a deduction to the provider to pay for the posting. why in hell can't they do this, and be assured of a wider, non-PO'ed audience providing cash?
And then it becomes third party data subject to mass surveillance for use against you in court with the added bonus of demonstrating a monetary transaction across state lines. It is not like this is not already the case but why make it easier? No thanks.
True, but 99.99% of PC power supplies built today will accept DC just fine because the first thing that happens is the AC is converted to DC in a bridge rectifier. Other designs are possible, but they are considerably more expensive to implement so they are not used.
The problem is that common rectifier/capacitor input 120/240 volt power supplies operate internally on 340 volts DC by either rectifying 240 volts AC or rectifying and voltage doubling 120 volts AC. Operating them at a lower DC voltage will fail if you are lucky or risk damage the input stage do to excessive input current.
The more recent power supplies which have active power factor correction should work fine but some active power factor correction controllers expect an AC input and misbehave on DC.
If no warrant is required, then how is the phone company supposed to know it is a legitimate crime investigation, and not some cop trying to track down the guy dating his ex-girlfriend?
The phone company knows because police honor is above reproach; they would never ask for data which they were not legally entitled to. The phone company also knows because they have a nice company and it would be a shame if something happened to it.
One other thing, the notion that Congress is where every little detail about the implementation of a law gets hashed out is patently false. The CFR has been around for something like 80 years. The nondelegation doctrine, as interpreted by the SCOTUS in 1928 only requires that Congress provide an "intelligible principle" to guide the executive branch. It would be ridiculous for the Congress to be expected to explain what is and isn't covered by copyright as new art forms arise, or which drugs should be approved, or how to best protect workers from benzene. They're too busy fundraising and running the country into the ground to actually explain their laws in detail.
Look at the ACA. It was what, a billion pages long? And even it left a bunch of questions to be answered by others. Can you imagine if they had tried to hash out every single detail?!
The buck stops with Congress. Anything being done under their authority is their responsibility.
>Let's rather go collect some money and buy us a ho ourselves.
It might be better to bankroll a professional lobbyist, so you have the potential to persuade more than one politician. Give your lobbyist a list of issues to work and a budget for researchers, lawyers, and bribes (I mean.. err, an entertainment budget for business lunches, etc). They're going to need an office, too.
Now, the lobbyist is going to cost about US 150K + bonuses and benefits. A legislative researcher pulls about 50K, and you're probably going to fork out another 80K for the lawyer. To be honest... you're going to want someone to handle office administration, reception, and errands, so probably throw another 35-40K in there for that. Oh, and you're going to pay around US 4500/month for office space.
You're getting close to 400K just to start up, and that's before you've figured out how much it costs to actually DO something with that office and those people. It's not unusual to spend millions on lobbying in DC.
So... maybe 1.5 million per year to start. Can you crowd fund that? Given the events of the last year, are you prepared to show all the money comes from Americans? How are you going to decide which issues your team should work on? (I can answer the last question - break your crowd funding attempt up by subject, divide efforts by the budget proportions). Who is going to give the orders to the team, judge their effectiveness, etc.?
It's perhaps not as big a job as you might think, but it's not simple, either.
And then behind your back, concentrated interests will pay your lobbyist more to sabotage your efforts while assuring you of progress. Ask Springfield Armory and Rock River Arms how that works.
If its going back to permanent tracking cookies injected, it'll fail in the free market, as consumers seek net neutral providers.
EAE, encrypt absolutely everything. You would think law enforcement and national security agencies would be pushing for net neutrality so that the population feels safe about sending plaintext and they can continue easy mass surveillance but maybe they are asleep at the switch or simply lack influence compared to the communication companies. Or maybe all of the big endpoints are compromised anyway.
Eventually we will have garbage collection techniques with low enough latency overhead to be usable in kernels and low-level firmware, and those will ship in language implementations.
How long have they been working on low latency garbage collection? If they have not developed it after decades of basically static hardware, then it will never exist. Garbage collection will always have lower performance than the alternatives so it is not suitable for low level code.
I agree with ESR that C and C++ are flawed but no modern language has solved those flaws either so I do not care.
Yah, too many have forgotten about those little shenanigans from Chipzilla
Too many forgot that the shenanigans never stopped. The court decision just required them to post an ambiguous unsearchable notice that they might be deliberately disabling optimizations on non-Intel processors.
I guess if you add in a heat pump? Still by the time you count the power pumping the water your gain is going to be marginal.
A heat pump working against merely warm water is in a much better situation than a heat pump working against cold outside air and it cools the return water. The water has to be pumped whether the heat pump is used or not and with it, the flow rate may be lowered significantly.
I remember one cold wave we had in southern California when we lived in an all electric house with a heat pump. That was a miserable situation.
I wondered this also. I'm guessing at that time, they perhaps didn't have MUL or DIV instructions, or even the concept of SHL or ROL which would have allowed a test for "divisible by 2".
A single shift left can be replaced by adding a register to itself. In some ISAs, one might be preferred to the other if they affect different flags.
The US and reconstituted Soviet government could join forces to make a world government. We could call it the CoDominium with different areas represented by Grand Senators.
It will be interesting to see the mental gymnastics conservatives have to go through to defend this.
Give ISP the freedom to mess with your pipe. Nickel and dime you for opening any port that is not HTTP/HTTPS. That sounds like a great idea. Why haven't we been doing it already?
And the end result will be that every protocol duplicates HTTPS. That should do wonders to aid traffic shaping and surveillance.
There is so much wrong with this I don't know where to begin, but your argument basically boils down to "the free market will fix it".
And there is more than ample evidence that that flat out will not happen.
There are still plenty of areas where there is only one provider, sometimes none. Cities that tried to start their own ISPs were sued and forced to abandon their efforts. There are more than enough dirty tactics employed by the encumbrance ISPs to make it incredibly difficult for small ISPs to get off the ground, and eliminating net neutrality will just give the existing ISPs that much more power to crush emerging competition.
So the free market gets the blame for not existing do to government regulation? That is sure convenient.
Slashdot Mirror
And over long distances power lines turn into transmission lines. 50Hz requires a 3,000km half-wave dipole antenna. A 3,000km power line radiates power out into the universe pretty well unless you've got 75 ohm loads on each end!
There are near field losses do to the dielectric which includes things like dirt, water, cows, people, whatever, but the structure is literally a transmission line so radiation is not a problem whether the load is matched or not.
Why HVDC? DC is a bitch to convert between voltage and current, and it (generally) is more dangerous at any given voltage, though to be fair at transmission voltage levels it makes little difference if you're a DC or AC flavored charcoal lump.
For a given power, conduction losses are proportional to the resistance and square of the current so there is a premium on using the highest voltage possible. Corona and other AC losses are higher at crest factors greater than 1. These factors make DC more efficient and cost effective for long distance transmission even with conversion losses.
Further, there are difficulties in synchronizing widely separated and large AC grids so there will be a conversion to DC and back to AC anyway. If this is done, then the transmission line might as well be DC.
We need to bring the morals of these agencies into check if we want real change. Hopefully Snowden, Klein & others have done this to an extent. It sucks that these types of acts are what makes the most difference.
Irrelevant.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?...
I am continuing to push several of my CONgress critters to change some of our bills. In particular, I would like it to be that anything that is CLEAR TEXT, either saved on a system or sent over the net, is fair game for American intelligence. The reason is that it is similar to sending a postcard. It is also the fact that China and Russia also have easy access to this so should ours.
I would also include mass surveillance for law enforcement purposes but see below
Then anything that is ENCRYPTED means that there is an ACTIVE attempt to block others from seeing the data. As such, we then require a warrant for our intel world to see the data (basically decrypt it).
The problem with this is that under law and jurisprudence, encryption does *not* provide any expectation of privacy.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/p...
Allowing a warrant to force encryption will become no different than no encryption. That is how the FISA court works now limited only by technical measures.
If we pass this, it will no doubt anger a number of ppl here because it gave America's intel world the same carte blanche that the rest of the world have. This will no doubt cause MS, Google, Yahoo, etc to push through encryption on nearly everything.
That is basically my thought as well. I add that law enforcement might as well do it also because they are going to do it anyway whether through their own efforts, because the national intelligence agencies are doing it for them which currently happens, or by corporations doing it for them which is often the case now and then they will cover it up with parallel construction. The situation where warrants are required or national intelligence agencies or law enforcement are limited as far as mass surveillance just serves to decease those who believe mass surveillance is not occurring. The solution is technical; encrypt absolutely everything.
The preferred solution for law enforcement and national intelligence is false confidence that private data is secure by law limiting demand for strong encryption and security which is the current situation.
At the same time with this bill, I am pushing for USPO to offer up personal digital keys that are FULLY VETTED (i.e. like passport, pix and fingerprint) and they would then have a distributed network of the key-servers. And when it is trivial for somebody to obtain a single digital-key, then e-mail, blogs, etc will become not just secured, but will also be less spam, and BS that we see even in in /.
If any agency other than the individual controls the private keys, then they are not secure. If the design is not open and verifiable, then it is not secure.
With this approach, it will really push for the world to encrypt our data.
Amen.
And then the large monopoly ISPs buy up the tower space or in the case of WISPs using the ISM bands, place Canopy modems at strategic locations exchanging fake traffic to block point to point WiFi.
Wear clothing printed with the EURion constellation. Or maybe QR codes with SQL exploits.
Well. if we apply DC voltage in the case of a doubler, the device just won't work.
The doubler is only active when 120 volts AC is used which is the common situation in the US. When the input is configured for 240 volts AC, then 340 volts DC applied to the input goes through 2 of the 4 diodes in the bridge rectifier to charge the capacitors in series. So most 120 volt AC input switching power supplies internally run on 340 volts DC and that is what they expect.
I don't see how it will self destruct because the input current using DC voltage will simply drop to zero as the capacitors get charged.
The danger is that the switching regulator is expecting a nominal 340 volt DC input. If the input is only 170 volts DC as would be the case with a rectified 120 volt AC input without voltage doubling, then the input current is doubled and the switching duty cycle is higher increasing losses in the power switches by more than 2 times. Operating a switching power supply at low input voltages increases conduction losses and possible failure depending on how it was derated.
Good power supplies include an under voltage lockout or excessive input current detection to prevent damage from low input voltages.
Your issue with Power factor correction is a possible problem, but usually the reactance of a switching power supply is inductive, meaning that the easiest and cheapest way to correct this is to add capacitance. Common circuits also add in mutual inductance between the two power lines, but copper costs money so this is not likely. Where it is used, DC won't upset the apple cart all that much, unless the current demands are wildly varying and the variances are happening pretty often, but most of this would be absorbed by the capacitance. I don't see a serious problem with this though in most situations.
As with any "off spec" use of things, you need to know what you are doing and understand there are risks associated with going off label. However, using DC to drive a switching power supply designed to accept AC is pretty low risk if you keep the DC voltages applied within the peak to peak voltage AC voltage on the label.
This is a separate problem with some active power factor correction designs. They should work with any input waveform that has the proper RMS voltage and stays within their crest factor limitations but some inexplicably fail with DC. It is a big enough issue that "correct operation with DC input" has become an advertised feature on the first page of some datasheets.
I've been flogging this horse for maybe 20 years... central micropayments site for the media providers. Joe Surfer makes a deposit. every news site he now hits, there is a deduction to the provider to pay for the posting. why in hell can't they do this, and be assured of a wider, non-PO'ed audience providing cash?
And then it becomes third party data subject to mass surveillance for use against you in court with the added bonus of demonstrating a monetary transaction across state lines. It is not like this is not already the case but why make it easier? No thanks.
Let me know when I can pay in untraceable cash.
What's wrong with being an organ donor. It's not like you're going to miss them.
Everybody involved gets paid except the donor. If my estate is not paid, then forget it.
True, but 99.99% of PC power supplies built today will accept DC just fine because the first thing that happens is the AC is converted to DC in a bridge rectifier. Other designs are possible, but they are considerably more expensive to implement so they are not used.
The problem is that common rectifier/capacitor input 120/240 volt power supplies operate internally on 340 volts DC by either rectifying 240 volts AC or rectifying and voltage doubling 120 volts AC. Operating them at a lower DC voltage will fail if you are lucky or risk damage the input stage do to excessive input current.
The more recent power supplies which have active power factor correction should work fine but some active power factor correction controllers expect an AC input and misbehave on DC.
If no warrant is required, then how is the phone company supposed to know it is a legitimate crime investigation, and not some cop trying to track down the guy dating his ex-girlfriend?
The phone company knows because police honor is above reproach; they would never ask for data which they were not legally entitled to. The phone company also knows because they have a nice company and it would be a shame if something happened to it.
Most PHPBB style web forums do not implement or support threading and even if they did, they are still inferior to an email list server.
Several of the technical groups hosted on Yahoo that are participate in have moved to groups.io who cleverly built migration utilities to help.
One other thing, the notion that Congress is where every little detail about the implementation of a law gets hashed out is patently false. The CFR has been around for something like 80 years. The nondelegation doctrine, as interpreted by the SCOTUS in 1928 only requires that Congress provide an "intelligible principle" to guide the executive branch. It would be ridiculous for the Congress to be expected to explain what is and isn't covered by copyright as new art forms arise, or which drugs should be approved, or how to best protect workers from benzene. They're too busy fundraising and running the country into the ground to actually explain their laws in detail.
Look at the ACA. It was what, a billion pages long? And even it left a bunch of questions to be answered by others. Can you imagine if they had tried to hash out every single detail?!
The buck stops with Congress. Anything being done under their authority is their responsibility.
>Let's rather go collect some money and buy us a ho ourselves.
It might be better to bankroll a professional lobbyist, so you have the potential to persuade more than one politician. Give your lobbyist a list of issues to work and a budget for researchers, lawyers, and bribes (I mean.. err, an entertainment budget for business lunches, etc). They're going to need an office, too.
Now, the lobbyist is going to cost about US 150K + bonuses and benefits. A legislative researcher pulls about 50K, and you're probably going to fork out another 80K for the lawyer. To be honest... you're going to want someone to handle office administration, reception, and errands, so probably throw another 35-40K in there for that. Oh, and you're going to pay around US 4500/month for office space.
You're getting close to 400K just to start up, and that's before you've figured out how much it costs to actually DO something with that office and those people. It's not unusual to spend millions on lobbying in DC.
So... maybe 1.5 million per year to start. Can you crowd fund that? Given the events of the last year, are you prepared to show all the money comes from Americans? How are you going to decide which issues your team should work on? (I can answer the last question - break your crowd funding attempt up by subject, divide efforts by the budget proportions). Who is going to give the orders to the team, judge their effectiveness, etc.?
It's perhaps not as big a job as you might think, but it's not simple, either.
And then behind your back, concentrated interests will pay your lobbyist more to sabotage your efforts while assuring you of progress. Ask Springfield Armory and Rock River Arms how that works.
Please. Let's stay civilized. Plucking a chicken is so cruel.
Just throw him in the tar pit and enjoy.
Infect him with plague, liquefy him, and use a crop sprayer to distribute him over Congress.
EAE, encrypt absolutely everything. You would think law enforcement and national security agencies would be pushing for net neutrality so that the population feels safe about sending plaintext and they can continue easy mass surveillance but maybe they are asleep at the switch or simply lack influence compared to the communication companies. Or maybe all of the big endpoints are compromised anyway.
How long have they been working on low latency garbage collection? If they have not developed it after decades of basically static hardware, then it will never exist. Garbage collection will always have lower performance than the alternatives so it is not suitable for low level code.
I agree with ESR that C and C++ are flawed but no modern language has solved those flaws either so I do not care.
We've know for a LONG time that Intel's compiler can do tricks with x86 that the GCC guys could only dream of.
The major trick is disabling optimizations when the CPU does not report GENUINEINTEL.
Yah, too many have forgotten about those little shenanigans from Chipzilla
Too many forgot that the shenanigans never stopped. The court decision just required them to post an ambiguous unsearchable notice that they might be deliberately disabling optimizations on non-Intel processors.
I guess if you add in a heat pump? Still by the time you count the power pumping the water your gain is going to be marginal.
A heat pump working against merely warm water is in a much better situation than a heat pump working against cold outside air and it cools the return water. The water has to be pumped whether the heat pump is used or not and with it, the flow rate may be lowered significantly.
I remember one cold wave we had in southern California when we lived in an all electric house with a heat pump. That was a miserable situation.
I wondered this also. I'm guessing at that time, they perhaps didn't have MUL or DIV instructions, or even the concept of SHL or ROL which would have allowed a test for "divisible by 2".
A single shift left can be replaced by adding a register to itself. In some ISAs, one might be preferred to the other if they affect different flags.
Do you think that the birther conspiracy theory could ever have thrived for a white president?
Only if McCain had become President.
https://www.washingtonpost.com...
The US and reconstituted Soviet government could join forces to make a world government. We could call it the CoDominium with different areas represented by Grand Senators.
It will be interesting to see the mental gymnastics conservatives have to go through to defend this.
Give ISP the freedom to mess with your pipe. Nickel and dime you for opening any port that is not HTTP/HTTPS. That sounds like a great idea. Why haven't we been doing it already?
And the end result will be that every protocol duplicates HTTPS. That should do wonders to aid traffic shaping and surveillance.
There is so much wrong with this I don't know where to begin, but your argument basically boils down to "the free market will fix it".
And there is more than ample evidence that that flat out will not happen.
There are still plenty of areas where there is only one provider, sometimes none. Cities that tried to start their own ISPs were sued and forced to abandon their efforts. There are more than enough dirty tactics employed by the encumbrance ISPs to make it incredibly difficult for small ISPs to get off the ground, and eliminating net neutrality will just give the existing ISPs that much more power to crush emerging competition.
So the free market gets the blame for not existing do to government regulation? That is sure convenient.