Words take on new meanings. It happens. Deal with it. Have you ever used the word "gay"? I hope you weren't talking about homosexuals, because the word means "happy". Ever use the word "computer"? I hope you were talking about a person who does addition.
People. Human beings. They use the word "Linux" to refer to a Linux Distribution. Whether you like it or not is irrelevant. It happens. And no amount of bitching and griping about the word being misused is going to prevent the word from evolving if popular culture takes it up that way.
And it's your own damned fault, too... all those years when you told people you didn't use Windows, and that you had Linux on your computer? Well... where do you think they got the idea that "Linux" referred to the complete system?
Languages evolve. That's actually in the definition of a language... they need to be capable of adapting to current needs, and they need to be capable of spontaneous generation of words and phrases.
"utilities and abilities" is just that. Nowhere does that require that actual Unix code find its way in. Just utilities that duplicate or replicate functionality that you find in Unix.
BASH... Bourne Again SHell. It's a clone of the Bourne Shell (SH), specifically to get around distribution and copy issues associated with AT&T Unix. XFCE... again, GPL code from the ground up, but its intention, at the start, was to provide an interface that mimicked the Common Desktop Environment from Unix. Two very simple examples of programs under Linux which were written specifically to clone a similar program under Unix.
McBride may be a troll, but he did speak truthfully when he said that Linux is, at least in part, a copy of Unix. Copy in the sense that it's a reasonable facsimile, not that it's a bitwise perfect clone.
You expect the so-called intellectuals to understand that languages evolve, and that words take on new meanings over time. The noun Linux refers to both the kernel itself, and the collection of distributions/operating systems centered around said kernel. You can hold out, and sing until you're blue in the face to prevent it from taking on this meaning, but it'll be about as effective as trying to bail back the tide with a thimble.
As for what drives this change: people are fundamentally lazy. It's easier to type either "GNU" or "Linux" than "GNU/Linux", and "Linux" is easier to pronounce, so that's what's found its way into the vernacular.
You're right. It isn't. It is, however, Unix-like. And intended to be POSIX compliant. And an awful lot of Unix utilities and abilities have found their way into Linux, starting with the System V-compatible init. X, BASH (and its variants)... you could go on for hours listing programs and commands that have found their way into Linux from the Unix world. Perhaps the most obvious example aside from BASH would be XFCE, which models its interface after the CDE.
I don't think that's grounds for a lawsuit. If anything, Linux developers have a case against SCO for including Linux code in their products. McBride is a nutter, and a really bad manager who thought that he bought the rights to everything included in it when they bought Caldera. But you'd be naive to think that Linux doesn't behave like Unix.
It also depends a lot on the age of the child, and the circumstances. Going out and buying a 40 of Stoli for a kid's bush party is not in the same degree as giving your 15-year old a glass of wine at Christmas dinner.... To say nothing of the cop having discretion to choose when to enforce a law and when not to.
I doubt that they'll be the only ones. Most bookstores would have to scrap half their teen section, and check ID's on most everything else-and the online sellers would have to implement some verification system or drop the Oregon market. Fighting the law's cheaper.
It's a big world out there. You can find a fetish for everything... look hard enough, you'll find somebody who gets off on magazines like Good Housekeeping.
And yet... for some reason... I have life insurance.
Funny thing, that. It's a matter of personal preference. I do have a reason to have it. Whether you agree with it or not doesn't matter, does it? It's my money, after all.
Besides which, how do you know that I'm the only signer for my student loan? It's possible to get a co-sign on something like that, if you go through a bank. Which, incidentally, you may have to do if the gov't won't approve you for it for one reason or another, like, say, you have too much wealth accumulated (material assets, specifically artwork, in my case), or you come from a family which is too wealthy (also the case).
If you have a co-sign on your debt, then they can most certainly be held accountable for it, even if you happen to die.
My question is, why would a young unmarried person have a life insurance policy at all?
Because I have $30,000 in student debt left to pay off, and a good funeral usually costs about $10,000? I have a $50,000 policy in private insurance. It's also possible that there's a policy through his (former) employers... part of the benefits package where I work includes 2 years' life insurance coverage, or roughly $75,000 in additional coverage.
That's why it's important to discuss things like organ donation with your family... My family knows my wishes, and, having had it explained to them, they agree and have signed their cards as well.
Yes. Everything that happens in court can be seen as setting a precedent, even the cases where RIAA dropped out because it looked like they were going to lose. The difference is that this ruling, like several others that've been passed against them recently, is actually useful to reference in a case.:)
It's a benefit for Dell, because it means that Dell is still selling XP-based computers to consumers who want it. When word gets out that Dell are the only ones selling computers with XP on them, and that not only is it pre-installed, it's going to be supported by phone-in tech. support....
You're right. MS gets to book it as a Vista sale. Because technically, it *is* a Vista sale. But the end user isn't going to care that they have actually bought a copy of Vista, they're going to care that their nice, shiny, brand new computer still has XP on it. It's going to mean more sales for Dell.
If you compare The Lord of the Rings movies movies with other fantasy movies (book based or not), it is extremely well done with a minimal amount of cheese-ness that you expect from a fantasy movie.
In comparison to a lot of fantasy movies, yes. They were well done. In comparison to every other attempt at making a movie out of LOTR, they're absolutely amazing. In comparison to cinema at large, they were overbearing, filled with a poor attempt at grandeur, and pedantic. Then again, the original LOTR books were much the same... the difference, of course, is that once you get past the begats in the book, it gets entertaining. Sorry if you disagree, but 5h is too effin' long for a movie, and you could not pay me enough to sit through 15h of film to tell one story. Even the Godfather movies, which are better by leaps and bounds, total less than 10h between the three of them.
I, for one, am happy that Jackson isn't making the Hobbit movie. del Toro is a better director. The Hobbit is a better story. 'nuf said.
Your argument is predicated on a fallacy... the reality is that the copyright holder has decided not to distribute the product as a trial or free basis. Whether you're more likely or not to purchase the product having sampled it is irrelevant: you still stole a copy of it in order to try it. If the developper/publisher wanted you to have the option of downloading a copy and trying it out before buying, then they would have distributed a shareware/trialware version of the software. It's a distribution model that's been around for decades, and has worked quite well for some. It is, after all, how Id got off the ground.
Now. In Canada, there's a concept called Fair Dealings, which basically says that private users can do what they want with stuff they've bought. We don't have copyright. We do, however, have distribution rights. It's illegal to distribute software without a license from the IP owner... this means that you, the end user, can't really be prosecuted for downloading it, but the person you downloaded it from can most certainly be taken to court over it.
No matter how you cut it, though, it is *not* ethically right to download content like that. It may be legal to do so, but downloading encourages the content distribution which *is* illegal, and *does* hurt the distributor.
Lost revenue does harm the publisher, which in turn harms the developer. For a wide majority of older software, the publisher either isn't still in business, or couldn't care less whether you pirate a game from 1987... that's what makes up Abandonware. Some companies actively enforce their rights on older IP, even if they don't still intend to profit from it: LucasArts, for example. Others will distribute older software along with newer software... Sid Meier's Pirates!, for example, came with a copy of the original 1987 game, Pirates, on the DVD. Still others will freely distribute older IP through their website for free, like RockStar games with the Grand Theft Auto series. It's really up to the company.
But for product that they're still selling or have plans to still sell (for example, anything that's on the Wii virtual console, or could be on the VC), they can quite easily demonstrate lost revenue from your copying the files.
Just because you don't know the person that your actions harm, or you don't like them, doesn't mean that your actions don't have consequences. Whether your conscience is ok with that or not is up to you. I'm not getting involved. But don't lie to yourself over whether it harms anybody, because it hurts your argument.
That's the thing of it, isn't it? Most power-enhancing modifications will also improve fuel economy. Because power is directly related to the percent combustion you're getting out of the fuel: if your combustion percentage is only 85%, then you're only getting 85% of the energy out of your gas. You squeeze more ponies out of an engine by improving the combustion rate, and improving the combustion rate improves fuel efficiency. Having better efficiency means better fuel economy, unless you're driving the piss out of your car.:)
Air is one of the most corrosive substances there is. Specifically, the oxygen in the air is. It just takes time. Normally, a server won't be in operation long enough for this kind of corrosion to happen, especially if it uses gold-plated contacts, but it will happen.
Air is less corrosive. But depending on the liquid that's in use in a liquid cooling rig, it usually isn't corrosive or dangerous to a computer anyway. Liquid cooling rigs are usually an oil such as mineral oil or an alcohol like propanol, neither of which is particularly harmful to electronics.
Also... while it's a technicality, air *is* conductive. It just has a very high impedance. It *will* conduct electricity, and I'm pretty near certain you've seen it happen: it's called lightening.
Finally... if your server is running hot enough that mineral oil is boiling off, you've got more serious things to worry about than that. (its boiling point varies, based on the grade, between 260-330'C -- http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/M7700.htm )
IIRC, the Google.cn site de-lists sites not approved by the great firewall. From that point, it wouldn't be difficult to add the non-Google.cn versions of Google to the firewall's block list, no?
I have a 42" 1080p that I watch from about 3m away, (LG 42LB5D) and I can tell you that there's a pretty big difference between 720p and 1080p images. Very noticeable.
There's two main factors in that, though... the size of the screen, and how far away I am. The subjective picture quality boils down to the relative size of the pixels on screen, and there's exactly two solutions: sit further away from the TV, or get a higher resolution display.
I'm not saying that a decent sound setup is a waste of money. I've got a 5.1 setup on mine. But I am going to point out that a lot of what you'll be watching is still going to be in plain old 2.0 Stereo, whereas you can pick up 1080i/p on *broadcast* over-the-air TV. I'm watching the Ottawa/Pittsburgh game 2 as I type this, and it looks *way* better on the OTA HD even than it does on the satellite TV.
What about brand identity, too? Like... if you register mycompany.us, does the registrar prevent registrations at mycompany.ca.us, mycompany.ny.us, etc?
Up here, we still have that. You have to pay for registration, but my own domain is killerbob.ca. Because I've registered that, I need to give express written consent in order to register anything else in.ca namespace which includes the name "killerbob". I went for the national-level TLD, but I could have gone for a cheaper, more local, TLD instead, like killerbob.on.ca, or killerbob.toronto.on.ca. Likewise, the city websites actually are at city.ottawa.on.ca, or city.toronto.on.ca, though both of those have also registered ottawa.ca and toronto.ca (and the Toronto one redirects to toronto.ca). Other cities across the country do this, as well...:)
Ah well. *shrugs* US TLD namespace is just messed up. I wouldn't register a.com,.org, or.net specifically because of NSI. I dealt with them back in the '90s when I was working tech. support for an ISP based out of Tennessee.
This is why I'm happy that the TLD authority for *my* website is CIRA. They don't pull this kind of crap. They also give every domain holder a vote, and bind themselves to the will of the voting majority on what they do with it. Sure, a.CA is more expensive than a.COM, but it's well worth the extra price, IMO.
Admittedly, it's a different environment entirely than what you're running, but let me see if I can shed some light on it for you....
I administer a small server, which runs its services in virtual sandboxes. One physical box, but through KVM the Apache/PHP/MySQL is in one sandbox, the SMTP/IMAP is in another, etc. Each VM image is about 20GB, give or take, and the machine has two physical hard drives. My backup is periodic, and incremental. And the backup alternates between the drives... at any given time each hard drive will have two copies of every VM, not counting the one that's actually running.
Now... here's where the full system backup comes in: because it's a virtual machine, it's only a single 20GB file. Backing it up is as easy as shutting down the VM and copying the file. Recovering from a backup is where it gets even easier... all I have to do is copy that one file back, and start it up. Poof. *everything* is back the way it was at the time of the backup. Total time to recover? Less than a minute.
And the host OS is easy to rebuild, too, because there's no configuration files to worry about. SSH and KVM are the only services the host is running, and for the most part an out of the box configuration for most Linux distributions will handle it quite nicely.
So... I guess to answer your question... in my case a complete system backup makes administering, and recovering from "oh shit" moments a hell of a lot easier.:) If you have the hard drive storage space available, I'd definitely suggest going that route.
External drives seem to have one year warranties, but even SATA drives at Best Buy mostly have 3 years
3 years is pretty much the industry standard on hard drives. Likewise for monitors, btw... so if your HP or Dell starts having problems with the monitor, you should check the warranty on the monitor because it'll usually be longer than the warranty on the desktop.:)
But yes... external peripherals usually only have a 1 year warranty. My 1TB external drive is the only thing I've ever bought the extended warranty on... 3 years with Future shop.:P
I still have a working 10MB hard drive from an IBM 8088... >.> (and yes, that system still works too, complete with the Hercules monochrome graphics and orange scale CRT)
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Words take on new meanings. It happens. Deal with it. Have you ever used the word "gay"? I hope you weren't talking about homosexuals, because the word means "happy". Ever use the word "computer"? I hope you were talking about a person who does addition.
People. Human beings. They use the word "Linux" to refer to a Linux Distribution. Whether you like it or not is irrelevant. It happens. And no amount of bitching and griping about the word being misused is going to prevent the word from evolving if popular culture takes it up that way.
And it's your own damned fault, too... all those years when you told people you didn't use Windows, and that you had Linux on your computer? Well... where do you think they got the idea that "Linux" referred to the complete system?
Languages evolve. That's actually in the definition of a language... they need to be capable of adapting to current needs, and they need to be capable of spontaneous generation of words and phrases.
"utilities and abilities" is just that. Nowhere does that require that actual Unix code find its way in. Just utilities that duplicate or replicate functionality that you find in Unix.
BASH... Bourne Again SHell. It's a clone of the Bourne Shell (SH), specifically to get around distribution and copy issues associated with AT&T Unix. XFCE... again, GPL code from the ground up, but its intention, at the start, was to provide an interface that mimicked the Common Desktop Environment from Unix. Two very simple examples of programs under Linux which were written specifically to clone a similar program under Unix.
McBride may be a troll, but he did speak truthfully when he said that Linux is, at least in part, a copy of Unix. Copy in the sense that it's a reasonable facsimile, not that it's a bitwise perfect clone.
sighs
You expect the so-called intellectuals to understand that languages evolve, and that words take on new meanings over time. The noun Linux refers to both the kernel itself, and the collection of distributions/operating systems centered around said kernel. You can hold out, and sing until you're blue in the face to prevent it from taking on this meaning, but it'll be about as effective as trying to bail back the tide with a thimble.
As for what drives this change: people are fundamentally lazy. It's easier to type either "GNU" or "Linux" than "GNU/Linux", and "Linux" is easier to pronounce, so that's what's found its way into the vernacular.
You're right. It isn't. It is, however, Unix-like. And intended to be POSIX compliant. And an awful lot of Unix utilities and abilities have found their way into Linux, starting with the System V-compatible init. X, BASH (and its variants)... you could go on for hours listing programs and commands that have found their way into Linux from the Unix world. Perhaps the most obvious example aside from BASH would be XFCE, which models its interface after the CDE.
I don't think that's grounds for a lawsuit. If anything, Linux developers have a case against SCO for including Linux code in their products. McBride is a nutter, and a really bad manager who thought that he bought the rights to everything included in it when they bought Caldera. But you'd be naive to think that Linux doesn't behave like Unix.
It also depends a lot on the age of the child, and the circumstances. Going out and buying a 40 of Stoli for a kid's bush party is not in the same degree as giving your 15-year old a glass of wine at Christmas dinner.... To say nothing of the cop having discretion to choose when to enforce a law and when not to.
You'll be hearing from Chaucer's lawyers with regards to your use of irony in writing.
It's a big world out there. You can find a fetish for everything... look hard enough, you'll find somebody who gets off on magazines like Good Housekeeping.
And yet... for some reason... I have life insurance.
Funny thing, that. It's a matter of personal preference. I do have a reason to have it. Whether you agree with it or not doesn't matter, does it? It's my money, after all.
Besides which, how do you know that I'm the only signer for my student loan? It's possible to get a co-sign on something like that, if you go through a bank. Which, incidentally, you may have to do if the gov't won't approve you for it for one reason or another, like, say, you have too much wealth accumulated (material assets, specifically artwork, in my case), or you come from a family which is too wealthy (also the case).
If you have a co-sign on your debt, then they can most certainly be held accountable for it, even if you happen to die.
Because I have $30,000 in student debt left to pay off, and a good funeral usually costs about $10,000? I have a $50,000 policy in private insurance. It's also possible that there's a policy through his (former) employers... part of the benefits package where I work includes 2 years' life insurance coverage, or roughly $75,000 in additional coverage.
That's why it's important to discuss things like organ donation with your family... My family knows my wishes, and, having had it explained to them, they agree and have signed their cards as well.
Yes. Everything that happens in court can be seen as setting a precedent, even the cases where RIAA dropped out because it looked like they were going to lose. The difference is that this ruling, like several others that've been passed against them recently, is actually useful to reference in a case. :)
It's a benefit for Dell, because it means that Dell is still selling XP-based computers to consumers who want it. When word gets out that Dell are the only ones selling computers with XP on them, and that not only is it pre-installed, it's going to be supported by phone-in tech. support....
You're right. MS gets to book it as a Vista sale. Because technically, it *is* a Vista sale. But the end user isn't going to care that they have actually bought a copy of Vista, they're going to care that their nice, shiny, brand new computer still has XP on it. It's going to mean more sales for Dell.
In comparison to a lot of fantasy movies, yes. They were well done. In comparison to every other attempt at making a movie out of LOTR, they're absolutely amazing. In comparison to cinema at large, they were overbearing, filled with a poor attempt at grandeur, and pedantic. Then again, the original LOTR books were much the same... the difference, of course, is that once you get past the begats in the book, it gets entertaining. Sorry if you disagree, but 5h is too effin' long for a movie, and you could not pay me enough to sit through 15h of film to tell one story. Even the Godfather movies, which are better by leaps and bounds, total less than 10h between the three of them.
I, for one, am happy that Jackson isn't making the Hobbit movie. del Toro is a better director. The Hobbit is a better story. 'nuf said.
Your argument is predicated on a fallacy... the reality is that the copyright holder has decided not to distribute the product as a trial or free basis. Whether you're more likely or not to purchase the product having sampled it is irrelevant: you still stole a copy of it in order to try it. If the developper/publisher wanted you to have the option of downloading a copy and trying it out before buying, then they would have distributed a shareware/trialware version of the software. It's a distribution model that's been around for decades, and has worked quite well for some. It is, after all, how Id got off the ground.
Now. In Canada, there's a concept called Fair Dealings, which basically says that private users can do what they want with stuff they've bought. We don't have copyright. We do, however, have distribution rights. It's illegal to distribute software without a license from the IP owner... this means that you, the end user, can't really be prosecuted for downloading it, but the person you downloaded it from can most certainly be taken to court over it.
No matter how you cut it, though, it is *not* ethically right to download content like that. It may be legal to do so, but downloading encourages the content distribution which *is* illegal, and *does* hurt the distributor.
Lost revenue does harm the publisher, which in turn harms the developer. For a wide majority of older software, the publisher either isn't still in business, or couldn't care less whether you pirate a game from 1987... that's what makes up Abandonware. Some companies actively enforce their rights on older IP, even if they don't still intend to profit from it: LucasArts, for example. Others will distribute older software along with newer software... Sid Meier's Pirates!, for example, came with a copy of the original 1987 game, Pirates, on the DVD. Still others will freely distribute older IP through their website for free, like RockStar games with the Grand Theft Auto series. It's really up to the company.
But for product that they're still selling or have plans to still sell (for example, anything that's on the Wii virtual console, or could be on the VC), they can quite easily demonstrate lost revenue from your copying the files.
Just because you don't know the person that your actions harm, or you don't like them, doesn't mean that your actions don't have consequences. Whether your conscience is ok with that or not is up to you. I'm not getting involved. But don't lie to yourself over whether it harms anybody, because it hurts your argument.
That's the thing of it, isn't it? Most power-enhancing modifications will also improve fuel economy. Because power is directly related to the percent combustion you're getting out of the fuel: if your combustion percentage is only 85%, then you're only getting 85% of the energy out of your gas. You squeeze more ponies out of an engine by improving the combustion rate, and improving the combustion rate improves fuel efficiency. Having better efficiency means better fuel economy, unless you're driving the piss out of your car. :)
Air is one of the most corrosive substances there is. Specifically, the oxygen in the air is. It just takes time. Normally, a server won't be in operation long enough for this kind of corrosion to happen, especially if it uses gold-plated contacts, but it will happen.
Air is less corrosive. But depending on the liquid that's in use in a liquid cooling rig, it usually isn't corrosive or dangerous to a computer anyway. Liquid cooling rigs are usually an oil such as mineral oil or an alcohol like propanol, neither of which is particularly harmful to electronics.
Also... while it's a technicality, air *is* conductive. It just has a very high impedance. It *will* conduct electricity, and I'm pretty near certain you've seen it happen: it's called lightening.
Finally... if your server is running hot enough that mineral oil is boiling off, you've got more serious things to worry about than that. (its boiling point varies, based on the grade, between 260-330'C -- http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/M7700.htm )
IIRC, the Google.cn site de-lists sites not approved by the great firewall. From that point, it wouldn't be difficult to add the non-Google.cn versions of Google to the firewall's block list, no?
I have a 42" 1080p that I watch from about 3m away, (LG 42LB5D) and I can tell you that there's a pretty big difference between 720p and 1080p images. Very noticeable.
There's two main factors in that, though... the size of the screen, and how far away I am. The subjective picture quality boils down to the relative size of the pixels on screen, and there's exactly two solutions: sit further away from the TV, or get a higher resolution display.
I'm not saying that a decent sound setup is a waste of money. I've got a 5.1 setup on mine. But I am going to point out that a lot of what you'll be watching is still going to be in plain old 2.0 Stereo, whereas you can pick up 1080i/p on *broadcast* over-the-air TV. I'm watching the Ottawa/Pittsburgh game 2 as I type this, and it looks *way* better on the OTA HD even than it does on the satellite TV.
*nods*
.ca namespace which includes the name "killerbob". I went for the national-level TLD, but I could have gone for a cheaper, more local, TLD instead, like killerbob.on.ca, or killerbob.toronto.on.ca. Likewise, the city websites actually are at city.ottawa.on.ca, or city.toronto.on.ca, though both of those have also registered ottawa.ca and toronto.ca (and the Toronto one redirects to toronto.ca). Other cities across the country do this, as well... :)
.com, .org, or .net specifically because of NSI. I dealt with them back in the '90s when I was working tech. support for an ISP based out of Tennessee.
What about brand identity, too? Like... if you register mycompany.us, does the registrar prevent registrations at mycompany.ca.us, mycompany.ny.us, etc?
Up here, we still have that. You have to pay for registration, but my own domain is killerbob.ca. Because I've registered that, I need to give express written consent in order to register anything else in
Ah well. *shrugs* US TLD namespace is just messed up. I wouldn't register a
This is why I'm happy that the TLD authority for *my* website is CIRA. They don't pull this kind of crap. They also give every domain holder a vote, and bind themselves to the will of the voting majority on what they do with it. Sure, a .CA is more expensive than a .COM, but it's well worth the extra price, IMO.
No... Ed Wood remains the worst director ever... and his movies actually *are* so bad they're good.... Uwe Boll's movies are just bad.
Admittedly, it's a different environment entirely than what you're running, but let me see if I can shed some light on it for you....
:) If you have the hard drive storage space available, I'd definitely suggest going that route.
I administer a small server, which runs its services in virtual sandboxes. One physical box, but through KVM the Apache/PHP/MySQL is in one sandbox, the SMTP/IMAP is in another, etc. Each VM image is about 20GB, give or take, and the machine has two physical hard drives. My backup is periodic, and incremental. And the backup alternates between the drives... at any given time each hard drive will have two copies of every VM, not counting the one that's actually running.
Now... here's where the full system backup comes in: because it's a virtual machine, it's only a single 20GB file. Backing it up is as easy as shutting down the VM and copying the file. Recovering from a backup is where it gets even easier... all I have to do is copy that one file back, and start it up. Poof. *everything* is back the way it was at the time of the backup. Total time to recover? Less than a minute.
And the host OS is easy to rebuild, too, because there's no configuration files to worry about. SSH and KVM are the only services the host is running, and for the most part an out of the box configuration for most Linux distributions will handle it quite nicely.
So... I guess to answer your question... in my case a complete system backup makes administering, and recovering from "oh shit" moments a hell of a lot easier.
3 years is pretty much the industry standard on hard drives. Likewise for monitors, btw... so if your HP or Dell starts having problems with the monitor, you should check the warranty on the monitor because it'll usually be longer than the warranty on the desktop.
But yes... external peripherals usually only have a 1 year warranty. My 1TB external drive is the only thing I've ever bought the extended warranty on... 3 years with Future shop.
I still have a working 10MB hard drive from an IBM 8088... >.> (and yes, that system still works too, complete with the Hercules monochrome graphics and orange scale CRT)