They may be, given the horrendous loss involved and the use of directional coupling. That 50 Watt limit is not absolute, it's more of a guideline for Amateur radio stations specifically, not all emitters. Your cell phone at < 4W is also closely regulated due to its proximity to human tissue. Please refer to the FCC RF exposure site for the full regs.
RF exposure is a function of frequency, duty cycle, distance, transmitter power, and antenna gain. I have a tiny 10mW 10GHz transmitter that couples its power via WR-90 waveguide. If my math is correct, that's 3.1 mW/cm^2 at the mouth of the waveguide - WAY over the exposure limit of 1.0 mW/cm^2 at 10 GHz for uncontrolled access.
STATIC magnetic fields don't seem to hurt you. Time-varying magnetic fields most certainly can hurt you. In addition to ionizing radiation (x-rays, gamma rays) which can obviously hurt you, plain old radio waves can too:
Radiation burns can also occur with high power radio transmitters at any frequency where the body absorbs radio frequency energy and converts it to heat.[1] The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) considers 50 watts to be the lowest power above which radio stations must evaluate emission safety. Frequencies considered especially dangerous occur where the human body can become resonant, at 35 MHz, 70 MHz, 80-100 MHz, 400 MHz, and 1 GHz.[2] Exposure to microwaves of too high intensity can cause microwave burns.
Amateur radio folk have been launching private sats for a very long time, and championed the cubesat format. We foster university-sponsored sats all the time. Many of these are university-sponsored sats.
I agree with your points - they're all well-reasoned.
What I haven't seen mentioned is the case where the drone arrives first and it's video shows the dispatchers that the fire is much larger/more involved than first reported so the dispatcher can roll additional equipment to the scene while the original trucks are still en route. That would be a major plus for having the drones.
Similarly, if the drone finds that the original report of a massive fire is more like a tiny shed on fire, they could cancel some of the equipment en route, freeing it up for other calls.
Another case: A train derailment or tractor-trailer accident. Much of the cargo carried in tank cars is in some way hazardous, and it would be very handy if a drone could show the dispatcher what placard numbers* are involved so that they can coordinate cordoning off the area and possibly evacuating residents. It would also help in making sure you have the right firefighting chemicals around - lots of hazardous stuff requires foam to extinguish and reacts rather violently with good old H2O.
*If you've never read the Emergency Response Guide, you should. Some of the nasty stuff that's hurtling down the highway next to you is very dangerous and/or toxic. It's eye-opening, to say the least.
We'll all scurry to the low bands where night-time groundwave propagation will still work. If the solar output drops enough, we might be able to use the low bands during the day if the lowered solar output doesn't ionize that pesky D-Layer.
Their timeline has some serious NaN math errors - I hope they're not NASA errors: "New Horizons is taking 2 images of Kerberos with LORRI from NaN km away."
It is about 100km from Guam itself hence why it could use a microwave backup.
For a single hop 100km line-of-sight radio path that just skims the sea in the middle of the path, the antennas would have to be 150m tall on both ends (or some combination of appropriate heights). Those are mighty tall towers, which might explain the storm damage. If you want to clear 80% of the 1st Fresnel zone, you'd need an additional 33m at the middle of the path.
It's in Earth orbit, which means the moon gets about the same amount of solar radiation per unit area as the Earth...
You're technically correct, which as we all know is the best sort of correct.:-)
The issue isn't the amount of light per unit area, it's the 2 week periods of darkness that will likely kill off your plants. Plants don't really like to grow in two week on/two week off spurts.
The electromagnetic field energy he was draining was not 'wasted' - it would've just oscillated back and forth as normal. Once he started coupling to it, it started pulling actual power, so he was stealing power that would've otherwise been transmitted down the line.
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They may be, given the horrendous loss involved and the use of directional coupling. That 50 Watt limit is not absolute, it's more of a guideline for Amateur radio stations specifically, not all emitters. Your cell phone at < 4W is also closely regulated due to its proximity to human tissue. Please refer to the FCC RF exposure site for the full regs.
RF exposure is a function of frequency, duty cycle, distance, transmitter power, and antenna gain. I have a tiny 10mW 10GHz transmitter that couples its power via WR-90 waveguide. If my math is correct, that's 3.1 mW/cm^2 at the mouth of the waveguide - WAY over the exposure limit of 1.0 mW/cm^2 at 10 GHz for uncontrolled access.
Remember, sunburns are actually RF burns.
Magnetic fields don't hurt you
STATIC magnetic fields don't seem to hurt you. Time-varying magnetic fields most certainly can hurt you. In addition to ionizing radiation (x-rays, gamma rays) which can obviously hurt you, plain old radio waves can too:
Radiation burns can also occur with high power radio transmitters at any frequency where the body absorbs radio frequency energy and converts it to heat.[1] The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) considers 50 watts to be the lowest power above which radio stations must evaluate emission safety. Frequencies considered especially dangerous occur where the human body can become resonant, at 35 MHz, 70 MHz, 80-100 MHz, 400 MHz, and 1 GHz.[2] Exposure to microwaves of too high intensity can cause microwave burns.
Amateur radio folk have been launching private sats for a very long time, and championed the cubesat format. We foster university-sponsored sats all the time. Many of these are university-sponsored sats.
AGMs are perfectly fine aboard aircraft.
Weyl Fermions are the next 'big thing' in electronics.
AEIOU Sometimes Y was a song by Ebn Ozn"
+1 Too Funny! The Southern streaming services, that is.
I already commented so I can't give you "+1 Right on Target". What an awful singer!
It's about sound quality. I don't need my music to be devalued by the worst quality in the history of broadcasting or any other form of distribution.
Neil Young complaining about sound quality??? Neil Young, one of the worst-sounding singers on the planet??? Please.
I agree with your points - they're all well-reasoned.
What I haven't seen mentioned is the case where the drone arrives first and it's video shows the dispatchers that the fire is much larger/more involved than first reported so the dispatcher can roll additional equipment to the scene while the original trucks are still en route. That would be a major plus for having the drones.
Similarly, if the drone finds that the original report of a massive fire is more like a tiny shed on fire, they could cancel some of the equipment en route, freeing it up for other calls.
Another case: A train derailment or tractor-trailer accident. Much of the cargo carried in tank cars is in some way hazardous, and it would be very handy if a drone could show the dispatcher what placard numbers* are involved so that they can coordinate cordoning off the area and possibly evacuating residents. It would also help in making sure you have the right firefighting chemicals around - lots of hazardous stuff requires foam to extinguish and reacts rather violently with good old H2O.
*If you've never read the Emergency Response Guide, you should. Some of the nasty stuff that's hurtling down the highway next to you is very dangerous and/or toxic. It's eye-opening, to say the least.
The old L-1011 already went to 11!
Wait, the infamous bus incident happened in 1955.
That's ok, no one remembers when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor, either.
You and the Flying Purple People-Eater. Oh wait, he's one eyed, one horned. - NVM.
That's Qwghlm. Did you mean Inner- or Outer Qwghlm?
We'll all scurry to the low bands where night-time groundwave propagation will still work. If the solar output drops enough, we might be able to use the low bands during the day if the lowered solar output doesn't ionize that pesky D-Layer.
Good point - I'm used to flat Caribbean islands, not mountainous Pacific Islands.
Their timeline has some serious NaN math errors - I hope they're not NASA errors: "New Horizons is taking 2 images of Kerberos with LORRI from NaN km away."
And before someone mentions it, the link is not necessarily single-hop:
Guam-based Pacific Telecom Inc says a backup microwave link, connecting Guam, Rota, Tinian and Saipan, has now restored emergency services.
It is about 100km from Guam itself hence why it could use a microwave backup.
For a single hop 100km line-of-sight radio path that just skims the sea in the middle of the path, the antennas would have to be 150m tall on both ends (or some combination of appropriate heights). Those are mighty tall towers, which might explain the storm damage. If you want to clear 80% of the 1st Fresnel zone, you'd need an additional 33m at the middle of the path.
It's in Earth orbit, which means the moon gets about the same amount of solar radiation per unit area as the Earth...
You're technically correct, which as we all know is the best sort of correct. :-)
The issue isn't the amount of light per unit area, it's the 2 week periods of darkness that will likely kill off your plants. Plants don't really like to grow in two week on/two week off spurts.
And Ayn Rand's dead ears just perked up. Atlas Shrugged, anyone?
Liberals: "1984" and "Atlas Shrugged" where warnings, NOT instruction manuals.
So the US just got a little more breathing room since the famous 47% is now only 43%?
There is no one true energy source to rule them all. No dilithium crystals, no Mr Fusion.
There's no Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulatoooor?
... that way they recover some wasted energy ...
The electromagnetic field energy he was draining was not 'wasted' - it would've just oscillated back and forth as normal. Once he started coupling to it, it started pulling actual power, so he was stealing power that would've otherwise been transmitted down the line.
Worked for IMDB
And CDDB (now Gracenote) before it. I remember the fury and outcry when they took all of the volunteer-entered CD data and started charging for it.