My understanding was that "int" was always "short int", though yes, it's entirely possible for this to change between compiliers.
int is never the same as short int, in that they are always distinct types for purposes of e.g. overload resolution in C++. On a 16-bit machine they are normally both 16-bit (the minimum allowed by the standards). On a 32-bit machine, int is normally 32-bit.
on the bool, yes, I was braindead on that one as far as the bit/byte thing was concerned, as for bool, are you sure only C++ has it? I thought ANSI C had bool
C99 includes a _Bool type, and I think including <stdbool.h> gives you a typedef for bool. But there isn't a built-in bool type. Maybe that's splitting hairs.
long int bytes, I didn't know this ever varied, I thought it was defined by the standard
The standards specify the ranges of integers that must be representable by each of the various integer types, which in effect require short int and int to have at least 16 bits and long int to have at least 32 bits (and the same for their unsigned counterparts). That doesn't mean they can't have more bits. Nor does it require that bytes have 8 bits. (On DSPs it's not unknown for all the other integer types to have 32 bits, which means they have 32-bit bytes. (Byte = char.))
time_t typedef, does POSIX not specify that it's a 32bit int? I don't exactly have the cash to order a copy of the standard
POSIX might say that time_t is a 32-bit integer; I really don't know. If so, then POSIX needs to be changed at some point.
for breaking a lot of code written under invalid assumptions, yes, I'm aware this is possible, but that code is arguably already broken and should be fixed.
Agreed - but an OS vendor or distributor cannot take such breakage lightly. Users don't want their programs breaking, and if they break when the OS changes, guess what they'll blame.
1: The planes must have been flown by the terrorists into the buildings. I have a hard time believing that a pilot of an airliner would be at the helm and be a part of such an attack
Two commercial pilots have been reported to have crashed their planes deliberately in recent years - those of SilkAir flight MI-185 on 19th December 1997 and of EgyptAir flight 990 on 31st October 1999 (both still disputed).
There are so many errors in this that I find it very worrying that it ever got a score of 4.
There are several other integer types in C and C++, in particular plain 'int' and 'unsigned int'. These are often equivalent to the corresponding short or long types, but this is not necessarily so.
The bool type is specific to C++, and it holds a single bit. The number of bytes used for its representation varies between implementations.
The number of bytes used for a 'long int' also varies between implementations.
The type that time_t is typedef'd to be also varies between implementations, but it is true that on Unix it is generally a 32-bit signed integer.
Consequently it is not necessary to use a 64-bit system; only to change the typedef for time_t. Unfortunately this will break a lot of code that was written with the assumption that time_t means int or that it means long or that it can safely be converted to and from that type. Such assumptions were never valid.
I think you mean to change time_t to be an unsigned long int. This should work since this type is guaranteed to hold at least 32 bits. Unfortunately it would also break a lot of that code written under invalid assumptions.
1. Each country wants to protect its incumbent carriers, which it does through tax and regulatory schemes designed to keep competitors out
This is absolutely not true. This would be illegal under EU law. Besides which, there are many multinational carriers like Vodafone (who I think own Verizon now), Deutsch Telekom, and KPN/Orange. The EU's competitition office (I forget quite what it's called) recently raided several carriers in the UK and Germany to gather evidence about anti-competitive behaviour in the setting of roaming call charges.
2. Europeans are used to POTS per minute (or click) charges and companies see that as more profitable or are simply too short sighted to try something bold
In the UK at least, few calling plans have different rates for local and national calls, and generally they include some number of minutes of these. I have yet to hear of flat-rate pricing of international calls anywhere.
3. Europeans are not as mobile as Americans, i.e. a five hour car trip is no big deal here, but to many of my European friends that is a major road trip. I realize I'm generalizing (and not trying to start a flame war, as I have lived and traveled regularly in Europe, although in my defense my swiss friends thought me nuts when I would drive from Zurich to Genf just to have a cup of coffee and walk around the lake, and I confirmed that suspicion when I drove to Berlin for a 4 day weekend.), but my conclusion is that they are willing to put up with the occasional long distance charge since they don't regularly roam outside of their home area.
I guess I'm not a proper European citizen; I require a boat, plane, or tunnel to get to the mainland. However, I know plenty of British people who think nothing of driving over to France for a day or so (usually to buy cheaper liquor), and they'll certainly take their phones with them then and when they go on a longer European holiday. Roaming is definitely common. Some people avoid the call charges by using text messages instead while roaming (which are also over-priced, but no so much).
The marginal cost of providing 500 minutes vs 200 is negligible, so rather than compete on price, companies compete on the number of minutes they provide for a fixed fee.
But how come I can get 200 (off-peak) minutes a month for around £12 ($17) here when I'd be lucky to get anything for that price in the US?
As for pre-paid services, that is a very different model, because of the ease with which consumers can switch carriers (I can get a phone for around $10 - $20 after rebates, with a bargain rate of.75 cents/minute for calls, which means the phone cost is not the major cost to use the service)
That's a bad model. Here the carriers have realised that it's lunacy to subsidise pre-paid phones. Even in the US, Cingular certainly wasn't doing this when I used their service. While working in the US I got a pre-paid SIM (not a new phone) from them which cost me $50 including only $10 of calls! Then they charged me up to 50 cents a minute to make and receive calls.
In short, they gouge you because they know you're not likely to be a long term customer.
It doesn't happen this way in the UK. I think the US cellular companies have a bad attitude towards their customers.
Canada has the same cell-phone frequency assignments as the US, if I'm not mistaken, but for GSM these are unlike the rest of the world.
There are a few GSM phones that work on the PCS band as well as the two normal GSM bands, the most popular ones coming from Motorola's Timeport range (L7089, P7389, T250, T260, T270). There are a larger number that work on the PCS band and the 900 MHz GSM band, including the VisorPhone.
Cingular certainly doesn't make an extra subscription charge for its GSM customers to roam overseas. However, call charges during international roaming can be very steep. Perhaps non-GSM operators make a charge because they have to make special provisions to enable such roaming whereas it's designed into GSM and can be set up on-demand.
Monthly subscriptions in the US are still comparatively expensive - you can get huge numbers of minutes for about $50 a month, but if you only want say 200 minutes then you're still stuck paying around $30 a month. (These are rough figures from memory.) Pre-paid service is fairly expensive too.
I would quibble with your 'time waiting for bags' - in my experience it rarely takes more than 15 minutes, though when flying to the US I often have to queue for a long time at immigration before collecting my bags (after which it takes 5 minutes to collect the bags).
You forgot to include taxiing time which is often 30 minutes or more of the gate-to-gate time.
Still, I'd be happy to cut my 10 hour trans-atlantic flights down to 1 hour.
One of the big problems with IPv4 is the difficulty of routing. Given that there's a shortage of IP addresses, we can't let ISPs allocate large blocks, so they have to get several smaller blocks which results in several entries in routing tables. Worse, if an ISP's customer wants its own address allocation that it can take to another ISP or make accessible through multiple ISPs for redundancy, that makes another entry in the routing table. The result is that routing tables are huge and not always well optimised.
By making address allocation dynamic, IPv6 makes it possible to optimise address allocations for simplicity of routing. That should result in better routing decisions even as the number of addresses in use increases.
It doesn't cost $50 to replace it. Purchasing and installing a new one could easily account for $50-100 worth of someone's time, given the care that has to be taken in choosing a suitable machine. Add to that the lost productivity for the person who is temporarily without a working computer, and it doesn't look nearly so cheap.
Mozilla's file type database is a bit broken at the moment, but should end up using mime.types and mailcap under Unix, as earlier versions did. I can't find the Bugzilla number for this at the moment, but it's in there somewhere.
For the sake of your sanity, it's a good idea to make sure Windows Explorer is configured properly before using a Windows account.
The folder view options are accessible either by selecting 'Options' from the 'View' menu or by selecting 'Folder Options' from the 'Tools' menu, depending on version. In the 'Advanced Options' section of this dialog, you'll probably want to tell Explorer to:
Display the full path in the address and title bar.
Show hidden files and folders.
Not hide file extensions for known file types.
Not hide protected operating system files.
The exact names of these options vary between versions; I'm reading these off Windows 2000.
I believe that RS-232 connectors are meant to be hot-pluggable. RS-232 ports are usually (?) opto-isolated, i.e. part of the connection between internal signal lines and the port is optical rather than electrical.
I can't help but wonder, though, whether it's the cradles themselves zapping MOBO's, or whether it's customer misuse: customers pulling out serial connecters while the units still on, unplugging and plugging in the power connector with the serial adapter still connected, stuff like that.
I thought RS-232 connectors were meant to be hot-pluggable? In which case this isn't misuse.
In general, what's said in a British or American court cannot be counted as libel, slander or defamation. Anyway, what's the sense in starting another court case when the existing one can be used to establish the truth of any allegations?
No. The DNS protocol imposes a limit of 255 bytes on the list of root server names and addresses, which seems to mean that there can only be 13 of them.
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Israel is occupying foreign territory. Don't the residents of that territory have the right to fight that occupation?
Sure - I was just saying that it's unreasonable to claim that a commercial pilot would never do something like that.
int is never the same as short int, in that they are always distinct types for purposes of e.g. overload resolution in C++. On a 16-bit machine they are normally both 16-bit (the minimum allowed by the standards). On a 32-bit machine, int is normally 32-bit.
C99 includes a _Bool type, and I think including <stdbool.h> gives you a typedef for bool. But there isn't a built-in bool type. Maybe that's splitting hairs.
The standards specify the ranges of integers that must be representable by each of the various integer types, which in effect require short int and int to have at least 16 bits and long int to have at least 32 bits (and the same for their unsigned counterparts). That doesn't mean they can't have more bits. Nor does it require that bytes have 8 bits. (On DSPs it's not unknown for all the other integer types to have 32 bits, which means they have 32-bit bytes. (Byte = char.))
POSIX might say that time_t is a 32-bit integer; I really don't know. If so, then POSIX needs to be changed at some point.
Agreed - but an OS vendor or distributor cannot take such breakage lightly. Users don't want their programs breaking, and if they break when the OS changes, guess what they'll blame.
Two commercial pilots have been reported to have crashed their planes deliberately in recent years - those of SilkAir flight MI-185 on 19th December 1997 and of EgyptAir flight 990 on 31st October 1999 (both still disputed).
There are so many errors in this that I find it very worrying that it ever got a score of 4.
AOL/TW is not human, it's a corporation. Like most groups of humans, it behaves worse than any individual.
This is absolutely not true. This would be illegal under EU law. Besides which, there are many multinational carriers like Vodafone (who I think own Verizon now), Deutsch Telekom, and KPN/Orange. The EU's competitition office (I forget quite what it's called) recently raided several carriers in the UK and Germany to gather evidence about anti-competitive behaviour in the setting of roaming call charges.
In the UK at least, few calling plans have different rates for local and national calls, and generally they include some number of minutes of these. I have yet to hear of flat-rate pricing of international calls anywhere.
I guess I'm not a proper European citizen; I require a boat, plane, or tunnel to get to the mainland. However, I know plenty of British people who think nothing of driving over to France for a day or so (usually to buy cheaper liquor), and they'll certainly take their phones with them then and when they go on a longer European holiday. Roaming is definitely common. Some people avoid the call charges by using text messages instead while roaming (which are also over-priced, but no so much).
But how come I can get 200 (off-peak) minutes a month for around £12 ($17) here when I'd be lucky to get anything for that price in the US?
That's a bad model. Here the carriers have realised that it's lunacy to subsidise pre-paid phones. Even in the US, Cingular certainly wasn't doing this when I used their service. While working in the US I got a pre-paid SIM (not a new phone) from them which cost me $50 including only $10 of calls! Then they charged me up to 50 cents a minute to make and receive calls.
It doesn't happen this way in the UK. I think the US cellular companies have a bad attitude towards their customers.
Canada has the same cell-phone frequency assignments as the US, if I'm not mistaken, but for GSM these are unlike the rest of the world.
There are a few GSM phones that work on the PCS band as well as the two normal GSM bands, the most popular ones coming from Motorola's Timeport range (L7089, P7389, T250, T260, T270). There are a larger number that work on the PCS band and the 900 MHz GSM band, including the VisorPhone.
Cingular certainly doesn't make an extra subscription charge for its GSM customers to roam overseas. However, call charges during international roaming can be very steep. Perhaps non-GSM operators make a charge because they have to make special provisions to enable such roaming whereas it's designed into GSM and can be set up on-demand.
Monthly subscriptions in the US are still comparatively expensive - you can get huge numbers of minutes for about $50 a month, but if you only want say 200 minutes then you're still stuck paying around $30 a month. (These are rough figures from memory.) Pre-paid service is fairly expensive too.
I'm surprised. Surely some of their customers will mis-spell the name sometimes.
Pine's licence fails to meet the OSD, on at least two counts:
Then why the fake User-Agent field?
I thought corporations were supposed to take away individual liability. Isn't that the whole point of them?
I would quibble with your 'time waiting for bags' - in my experience it rarely takes more than 15 minutes, though when flying to the US I often have to queue for a long time at immigration before collecting my bags (after which it takes 5 minutes to collect the bags).
You forgot to include taxiing time which is often 30 minutes or more of the gate-to-gate time.
Still, I'd be happy to cut my 10 hour trans-atlantic flights down to 1 hour.
One of the big problems with IPv4 is the difficulty of routing. Given that there's a shortage of IP addresses, we can't let ISPs allocate large blocks, so they have to get several smaller blocks which results in several entries in routing tables. Worse, if an ISP's customer wants its own address allocation that it can take to another ISP or make accessible through multiple ISPs for redundancy, that makes another entry in the routing table. The result is that routing tables are huge and not always well optimised.
By making address allocation dynamic, IPv6 makes it possible to optimise address allocations for simplicity of routing. That should result in better routing decisions even as the number of addresses in use increases.
It doesn't cost $50 to replace it. Purchasing and installing a new one could easily account for $50-100 worth of someone's time, given the care that has to be taken in choosing a suitable machine. Add to that the lost productivity for the person who is temporarily without a working computer, and it doesn't look nearly so cheap.
You should just memorise your partition table rather than relying on backups.
If you can memorise it, recovery is a simple matter of re-entering the correct values with fdisk and re-running lilo.
Mozilla's file type database is a bit broken at the moment, but should end up using mime.types and mailcap under Unix, as earlier versions did. I can't find the Bugzilla number for this at the moment, but it's in there somewhere.
For the sake of your sanity, it's a good idea to make sure Windows Explorer is configured properly before using a Windows account.
The folder view options are accessible either by selecting 'Options' from the 'View' menu or by selecting 'Folder Options' from the 'Tools' menu, depending on version. In the 'Advanced Options' section of this dialog, you'll probably want to tell Explorer to:
The exact names of these options vary between versions; I'm reading these off Windows 2000.
I thought the job of the consumer was to be the weak.
You're right - many US radio stations do operate a pay for play system. This is supposed to be illegal, but there are loopholes.
Then maybe you can include Quake, bridge, backgammon, strip poker, etc...
I believe that RS-232 connectors are meant to be hot-pluggable. RS-232 ports are usually (?) opto-isolated, i.e. part of the connection between internal signal lines and the port is optical rather than electrical.
I thought RS-232 connectors were meant to be hot-pluggable? In which case this isn't misuse.
In general, what's said in a British or American court cannot be counted as libel, slander or defamation. Anyway, what's the sense in starting another court case when the existing one can be used to establish the truth of any allegations?
No. The DNS protocol imposes a limit of 255 bytes on the list of root server names and addresses, which seems to mean that there can only be 13 of them.