This is really not a problem if we use the beauty of the compound interest. If only one of us goes to the bank tomorrow and establishes a "Save the Earth from the 2880 Rock" fund and puts in $1, then at a reasonable return of 4% compounded quarterly, in 877 years the account will contain $867,438,242,859,150.80, which should be enough to fund any solution.
Unless of course we have some minor inflation and all that will buy in the year 2880 is a bottle of cheap wine.
Well, if you are Osama, and the end game is not to torch part of Manhattan but to overthrow your secular enemy Saddam without any effort on your part and empower Islamist movements in Saudi Arabia (oil) and Pakistan (nukes) and around the world, and you thought that for the price of some flying lessons and a few one-way first-class tickets you could goad an intemperate administration into curtailing the freedoms of Americans and energizing fundamentalist Islamists while silencing the moderate Islamics, then I'd have to say, yeah, you pretty much won.
"You'll find me and millions like me are going to put a couple bucks into our republican candidates. That is going to sway them away from big business, and more towards our interests.
You have a future in standup comedy.
Here's your change, eh?
on
Making Change
·
· Score: 1
So that means what? That 83 is not a prime number in Canada?
In the last 50 years many, many scientific discoveries have been made that invalidate the Miller experiment. For instance, studies performed by NASA in the 1980's pertaining to the composition of ancient Earth's atmosphere debunk the Miller experiment's hypothesis that the atmosphere was composed largely of methane, ammonia, and hydrogen. They found that the atmospheric composition was dominated by nitrogen and carbon dioxide, with very little of Miller's hand-picked concoction present.
The conclusion of the experiment is not that the atmosphere must have been a certain composition under certain conditions - it is that high-energy processes can lead to complex biological precursors. In contrast to your statement that Miller's work has been invalidated, the opposite is true. Replication of interstellar conditions, UV radiation on ice containing H2O, CO2, CO, CH3OH, and NH3 gave 16 amino acids along with some furans and pyrroles. Activated N2 reacts with carboxylates to give amino acids in a non-reducing atmosphere. Etc. See Miller's own paper in 1988: Molecular Origins of Life (1998), 59-85. Editor(s): Brack, Andre. Publisher: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK that lists 96 references that extend and support his hypothesis.
The Miller experiment will go down in history as another irrational jump to conclusions based on a less-than-adequate scientific understanding to promote certain political needs in the scientific community in an attempt to prove macroevolution. I suspect that the only reason it's still promoted is political. It certainly isn't because it's good science. Decry the "nit-picking" all you wish, but the truth of the matter is that Miller's experiment, albeit revolutionary for the 1950's, is far from what modern science would ascribe as (1) reflective of the conditions of primeval earth and (2) extremely unlikely to occur even in the best of circumstances in the wild.
You are hung up on the nits. The bottom line is: high-energy processes can give biochemicals from small inorganic precursors.
Replies to several different posts (sorry for the lack of attribution):/Ah, but does he mention that his amino acids.../broke down as fast as they were made (in a/carefully customised device, not in the wild),/and were completely racemised at formation? Or/that no evidence of a reducing atmosphere exists?
Amino acids tend not to break down much. They are exceedingly stable once made. Those that happened to wander back into the electric current might have suffered, but the majority would have stayed safely in solution. The chemical reaction was proceeding in the gas phase; the products were sequestered in the water.
The products are racemic amino acids. Several plausible hypotheses have been put as to how it happened that the L amino acids became predominate: circular dichroism in natural radiation, preferential decompostion of D 14C labeled amino acids, etc.
We don't know all that much about the exact composition of the atmosphere at every time in the earth's history, but the fact that high-energy processes can give amino acids from simple precursors trumps all nit-picking./Also Miller had to create a "trap" to collect the/amino acids being formed to protect them from/breaking down again. What would the comparable/"natural" trap be?
The natural trap would be water. High energy events are always happening in the atmosphere (lightning, UV rays, cosmic rays). Lighting blasts convert nitrogen to nitrates. Roughly 10% of the nitrate in soil comes from nitrogen transformed by lightning, and the nitrates are trapped by water. The point to take home from the Miller experiment is that the small, high-energy intermediates formed by these processes can combine to form biologially complex building blocks./As a student of Biological Anthropology, I have/had the oppertunity to take a history of/biological anthropology in which Miller was/mentioned. Interesting guy, but the theory is not/supported any more except by the few staunchest/researchers. In other words, this is pop science./It survives in text books (like many other/evolutionary inaccuracies that nobody seems to be/willing to update). In truth, the experiment did/not conclude much. In short, the amino acid/theory in reality did not produce very much at/all
This is just wrong. The conclusion drawn from the results of the experiment was revolutionary. It is of at least on the scale of Wohler's synthesis of urea, a biochemical, from "dead" cyanogen and ammonia.
The chemical was ninhydrin. Reacts with primary amines to give a purple spot on TLC.
Glass is a good blocker of UV. That's why one uses quartz cuvettes to determine the UV spectra of solutions from ca. 400 down to ca. 200 nm. I suspect this is where the good high-energy UVs that might have given you some chemical reactions are.
This is nothing more than one of those compare and contrast essays which one has cranked out hundreds by the end of high school. Given any two professions, one could derive the same relationships: e.g.,
"When I finished grad school in blank I went to blank school to study blanking. A lot of people seemed surprised that someone interested in blanks would also be interested in blanking. They seemed to think that blanking and blanking were very different kinds of work-- that blanking was cold, precise, and methodical, and that blanking was the frenzied expression of some primal urge.
"Both of these images are wrong. Blanking and blanking have a lot in common. In fact, of all the different types of people I've known, blankers and blankers are among the most alike."
The whole house consists of one room, but with the power of Flash, Farrell never needs to leave that room. "I'm a little uncomfortable taking a leak the same place where I sleep and fry my eggs, but never having to walk more than 5 feet is pretty nice."
So...what? He sleeps in the toilet or pees into the range top or fries his eggs on his bed?
I grow impatient with the international community. We know they are hiding these leap seconds. They have thumbed their noses at us for too long. We have a clear mandate to inititate a time change. We will go in with our coalition for free time and find these missing seconds with whatever force is necessary. These timekeepers have the power to prevent this. All they need to do is surrender the leap seconds and submit to our inspections of their timekeeping devices. But we are not infinitely patient. Their time is running out.
After the events of the last few months, I am not so sure I want to be visited by an alien civilization - which is sure to have radically different notions of what behavior is justifiable - and that is sure to have unimaginable military superiority - and upon whom we can make no demands but have to accept their definition and conditions of our relationship.
We should have know something was amiss when Brokaw read the final totals: 15% for Bush, 15% for Kerry, 20% for Natalie Portman, and 50% for the next President of the United States, "that goatse guy".
Fuck the damn creationists I say it with authority, because kicking their punk asses be me paramount priority. Them wack-ass bitches say, "evolution's just a theory", they best step off, them brainless fools, I'll give them cause to fear me. The cosmos is expanding every second, every day, but their minds are shrinking as they close their eyes and pray. They call their bullshit science like the word could give them cred, if them bitches be scientists then cap me in the head.
I thought that this Wolfram guy was the smartest man in the universe and had all the answers. Now some brie-muncher comes along and proves something in math that Wolfram couldn't? This can only be due to one of three reasons:
1. When Wolfram and Hart were all killed by the Beast, Wolfram was in the house. 2. Wolfram is human and isn't as smart as the papers say. 3. He stepped up to MCHawking and is now hanging from a tree with a sign pinned to him that reads: WHACK EMCEE.
Slashdot Mirror
This is really not a problem if we use the beauty of the compound interest. If only one of us goes to the bank tomorrow and establishes a "Save the Earth from the 2880 Rock" fund and puts in $1, then at a reasonable return of 4% compounded quarterly, in 877 years the account will contain $867,438,242,859,150.80, which should be enough to fund any solution.
Unless of course we have some minor inflation and all that will buy in the year 2880 is a bottle of cheap wine.
>The gist of its report seems to be that data may be >collected from everyone, but it will only be used >against evildoers.
Whose ancestor was "Kill them all and let God sort them out".
"Or did the terrorists win?"
Well, if you are Osama, and the end game is not to torch part of Manhattan but to overthrow your secular enemy Saddam without any effort on your part and empower Islamist movements in Saudi Arabia (oil) and Pakistan (nukes) and around the world, and you thought that for the price of some flying lessons and a few one-way first-class tickets you could goad an intemperate administration into curtailing the freedoms of Americans and energizing fundamentalist Islamists while silencing the moderate Islamics, then I'd have to say, yeah, you pretty much won.
At the end of my file, they will find a picture of me doing my goatse imitation.
> FUCRC ??
>
>[tries to pronounce acronym]
>
>Oh dear...
Who's Rick?
"You'll find me and millions like me are going to put a couple bucks into our republican candidates. That is going to sway them away from big business, and more towards our interests.
You have a future in standup comedy.
So that means what? That 83 is not a prime number in Canada?
The Patriot Implant by Halliburton. Only terrorists refuse them.
In the last 50 years many, many scientific discoveries have been made that invalidate the Miller experiment. For instance, studies performed by NASA in the 1980's pertaining to the composition of ancient Earth's atmosphere debunk the Miller experiment's hypothesis that the atmosphere was composed largely of methane, ammonia, and hydrogen. They found that the atmospheric composition was dominated by nitrogen and carbon dioxide, with very little of Miller's hand-picked concoction present.
The conclusion of the experiment is not that the atmosphere must have been a certain composition under certain conditions - it is that high-energy processes can lead to complex biological precursors. In contrast to your statement that Miller's work has been invalidated, the opposite is true. Replication of interstellar conditions, UV radiation on ice containing H2O, CO2, CO, CH3OH, and NH3 gave 16 amino acids along with some furans and pyrroles. Activated N2 reacts with carboxylates to give amino acids in a non-reducing atmosphere. Etc. See Miller's own paper in 1988: Molecular Origins of Life (1998), 59-85. Editor(s): Brack, Andre. Publisher: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK that lists 96 references that extend and support his hypothesis.
The Miller experiment will go down in history as another irrational jump to conclusions based on a less-than-adequate scientific understanding to promote certain political needs in the scientific community in an attempt to prove macroevolution. I suspect that the only reason it's still promoted is political. It certainly isn't because it's good science. Decry the "nit-picking" all you wish, but the truth of the matter is that Miller's experiment, albeit revolutionary for the 1950's, is far from what modern science would ascribe as (1) reflective of the conditions of primeval earth and (2) extremely unlikely to occur even in the best of circumstances in the wild.
You are hung up on the nits. The bottom line is: high-energy processes can give biochemicals from small inorganic precursors.
Replies to several different posts (sorry for the lack of attribution): /Ah, but does he mention that his amino acids... /broke down as fast as they were made (in a /carefully customised device, not in the wild), /and were completely racemised at formation? Or /that no evidence of a reducing atmosphere exists?
/Also Miller had to create a "trap" to collect the /amino acids being formed to protect them from /breaking down again. What would the comparable /"natural" trap be?
/As a student of Biological Anthropology, I have /had the oppertunity to take a history of /biological anthropology in which Miller was /mentioned. Interesting guy, but the theory is not /supported any more except by the few staunchest /researchers. In other words, this is pop science. /It survives in text books (like many other /evolutionary inaccuracies that nobody seems to be /willing to update). In truth, the experiment did /not conclude much. In short, the amino acid /theory in reality did not produce very much at /all
Amino acids tend not to break down much. They are exceedingly stable once made. Those that happened to wander back into the electric current might have suffered, but the majority would have stayed safely in solution. The chemical reaction was proceeding in the gas phase; the products were sequestered in the water.
The products are racemic amino acids. Several plausible hypotheses have been put as to how it happened that the L amino acids became predominate: circular dichroism in natural radiation, preferential decompostion of D 14C labeled amino acids, etc.
We don't know all that much about the exact composition of the atmosphere at every time in the earth's history, but the fact that high-energy processes can give amino acids from simple precursors trumps all nit-picking.
The natural trap would be water. High energy events are always happening in the atmosphere (lightning, UV rays, cosmic rays). Lighting blasts convert nitrogen to nitrates. Roughly 10% of the nitrate in soil comes from nitrogen transformed by lightning, and the nitrates are trapped by water. The point to take home from the Miller experiment is that the small, high-energy intermediates formed by these processes can combine to form biologially complex building blocks.
This is just wrong. The conclusion drawn from the results of the experiment was revolutionary. It is of at least on the scale of Wohler's synthesis of urea, a biochemical, from "dead" cyanogen and ammonia.
The chemical was ninhydrin. Reacts with primary amines to give a purple spot on TLC.
Glass is a good blocker of UV. That's why one uses quartz cuvettes to determine the UV spectra of solutions from ca. 400 down to ca. 200 nm. I suspect this is where the good high-energy UVs that might have given you some chemical reactions are.
The image "http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2003/15/images /a/formats/full_jpg.jpg" cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.
Man, that is high resolution!
No, I meant: "Malkovich? Malcovich! MALCOVICH!! Malcovich. Malkovich? Malcovich! MALCOVICH!! Malcovich. Malkovich? Malcovich! MALCOVICH!! Malcovich."
This is nothing more than one of those compare and contrast essays which one has cranked out hundreds by the end of high school. Given any two professions, one could derive the same relationships: e.g.,
"When I finished grad school in blank I went to blank school to study blanking. A lot of people seemed surprised that someone interested in blanks would also be interested in blanking. They seemed to think that blanking and blanking were very different kinds of work-- that blanking was cold, precise, and methodical, and that blanking was the frenzied expression of some primal urge.
"Both of these images are wrong. Blanking and blanking have a lot in common. In fact, of all the different types of people I've known, blankers and blankers are among the most alike."
4LL tH353 WORLds @re YOUr5--3xcEPt EUrOP4. 4++3MPt n0 L4NdINg5 THerE
]]You can also have a Flash-Powered house:
]]Here... [bbspot.com]
The whole house consists of one room, but with the power of Flash, Farrell never needs to leave that room. "I'm a little uncomfortable taking a leak the same place where I sleep and fry my eggs, but never having to walk more than 5 feet is pretty nice."
So...what? He sleeps in the toilet or pees into the range top or fries his eggs on his bed?
Didn't someone living near Seattle build a big ass mansion with all this in it? How'd that work out for him?
I grow impatient with the international community. We know they are hiding these leap seconds. They have thumbed their noses at us for too long. We have a clear mandate to inititate a time change. We will go in with our coalition for free time and find these missing seconds with whatever force is necessary. These timekeepers have the power to prevent this. All they need to do is surrender the leap seconds and submit to our inspections of their timekeeping devices. But we are not infinitely patient. Their time is running out.
After the events of the last few months, I am not so sure I want to be visited by an alien civilization - which is sure to have radically different notions of what behavior is justifiable - and that is sure to have unimaginable military superiority - and upon whom we can make no demands but have to accept their definition and conditions of our relationship.
We should have know something was amiss when Brokaw read the final totals: 15% for Bush, 15% for Kerry, 20% for Natalie Portman, and 50% for the next President of the United States, "that goatse guy".
The trouble is, in his time, bread is $500 million a loaf and Microsoft Office 2245 is $1 trillion.
Fuck the damn creationists I say it with authority,
because kicking their punk asses be me paramount priority.
Them wack-ass bitches say, "evolution's just a theory",
they best step off, them brainless fools, I'll give them cause to fear me.
The cosmos is expanding every second, every day,
but their minds are shrinking as they close their eyes and pray.
They call their bullshit science like the word could give them cred,
if them bitches be scientists then cap me in the head.
MCHawking is a dope emcee and a pretty good astrophysicist, but what makes his opinion about biology worth more than my grandmother's?
And for Heaven's sake, don't have sex standing up. it might lead to dancing!!!!
I thought that this Wolfram guy was the smartest man in the universe and had all the answers. Now some brie-muncher comes along and proves something in math that Wolfram couldn't? This can only be due to one of three reasons:
1. When Wolfram and Hart were all killed by the Beast, Wolfram was in the house.
2. Wolfram is human and isn't as smart as the papers say.
3. He stepped up to MCHawking and is now hanging from a tree with a sign pinned to him that reads: WHACK EMCEE.