The floating water bridge
Elmar C Fuchs, Jakob Woisetschlager, Karl Gatterer, Eugen Maier, Rene Pecnik, Gert Holler and
Helmut Eisenkolbl
1. Introduction Water undoubtedly is the most important chemical substance in the world. Many attempts have been made to measure or calculate the structure of liquid water beyond the scale of the H2O molecule. This is a difficult task because of the hydrogen bonding network which itself is a subject of various experimental and theoretical studies. It is being held responsible for many of water's special properties and is also the reason why water must not be treated as a simple liquid [1, 2]. The interaction of water with electric fields has been intensely explored over the last years, e.g. in context with electrospray-ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) [3], but also unusual phenomena have recently been reported, e.g. the electric field driven self-propulsion of a water droplet on a solid surface [4]. In this paper we report another unusual effect of liquid water exposed to a dc electric field: the floating water bridge. The first presentation of the water bridge was published by the ETH Zurich via the worldwide web [5].
2. Experimental details The set-up consists of two beakers (100 mL) filled with triply deionized water. When exposed to a high dc voltage by putting electrodes into the beakers, water forms a stable, cylindrical bridge between the two beakers. For the experiments presented herein the beakers were set on an even plane, one was fixed, the other movable and controlled by a step motor, and both beakers were separated by 1 mm. The beakers were filled with triply deionized water (R = 18Mcm) such that the water surface was about 3mm below the beaker's edge. Now one electrode was charged with 15 kV, the other was set to ground potential. A Phywe 'Hochsp.Netzger. 25kV' (Order No 13671.93) or alternatively a high-voltage generator using a LinFinity SG3524 pulse width modulator was used with a 24 nF ceramic capacitor set parallel to the electrodes. The voltage was measured by a potential divider of 500M/500 k to ground level. Since the voltage generators provide a limited current output, the electric current, which was measured with an oscilloscope, was stable at 0.5 mA. After a short electric discharge, which was build up between the two water surfaces, a water connection formed spontaneously between the two beakers; the water moved up the glass walls and built a water bridge. This effect is shown in figures 1(a) and (b). All experiments were performed under normal laboratory atmosphere using triply distilled water. High speed visualization was done using a colour Kodak Motion Corder SR-Series 1000 (Eastman Kodak Company, San Diego, California), including a second on-board storage and a 8-48mm zoom objective. For direct and indirect illumination two 24 V/150W halogen lamps were used. For visualization of high frequency density oscillations inside the bridge a green Laser Pointer (Leadlight Technology Inc., Tao-Yuan, Taiwan,5mWSeries GLP-C0P1-05)was used. To record the surface temperature along the water bridge, an Inframetrics Model 760 Infrared Thermal Imaging Radiometer (Inframetrics, North Billerica, Massachusetts)was used, including a 20◦ IR lens. Operated at a 50Hz mode and in the 8-12μm standard range, every 4 frames were averaged for the evaluation presented in figure 2. In order to calculate the water surface temperature from the IR emission, an emissivity value of 0.96 was assumed for the distilled water. For Schlieren visualization a standard Schlieren set-up was used, including a 200mW argon-ion laser (ILT 5490, Ion Laser Technology, Salt Lake City, Utah) operated in the multiline mode and a 20× microscope objective together with
One other piece of math you need to address.... If the buyer already has a car that isn't fully paid for, how do you pay for it, as well as put aside the money for the new one? Your plan is all well and good if you can afford to effectively make two car payments a month. Not everyone can do that.
Not to give the cops a free pass, but I wonder how many people of Middle Eastern decent are acting differently? The real key though, is why. I'd call it a safe bet that a lot of them are nervous to be subjected to scrutiny because they've actually done nothing wrong, but realize there is a good chance they'll get pulled aside anyway.
... and the same thing can happen going from the US to Canada. When someone from our firm went north to repair a piece of equipment, he caught the same kind of crap. Why? Because he had his tools with him, and said he was going across to fix equipment. First question they asked at the border was if a Canadian could do the job.
My first question would be what service she was using for the email, and second would be what crap she signed for for with the account after she got it.
Guilty until proven innocent works for them, because they're providing the service. It pushes back on the user to provide proof they're not guilty. Perhaps draconian in your view, but a good use of whatever IT and legal limited resources U Kansas may have.
While the article doesn't mention how, a previous study on XiTiMonitor's site shows that they're using share of visits by each browser type to the sites in question.
The key is new computer users. They don't already have a Windows or Mac background, so they don't know any differently. There's nothing to re-learn, since they're starting from scratch.
The current "in-thing" to do is to test how far those in power can stretch the limits - US goverment has been trying, and succeeding, at establishing new boundaries for its rights over its citizens, while corporations, as always, are trying their hardest to stretch their powers over their customers.
So, if Microsoft was based in Brazil, South Korea, or Finland, this would never happen? It's time to stop kidding yourself.
Slashdot Mirror
The floating water bridge
Elmar C Fuchs, Jakob Woisetschlager, Karl Gatterer, Eugen Maier, Rene Pecnik, Gert Holler and Helmut Eisenkolbl
One other piece of math you need to address.... If the buyer already has a car that isn't fully paid for, how do you pay for it, as well as put aside the money for the new one? Your plan is all well and good if you can afford to effectively make two car payments a month. Not everyone can do that.
Why make it difficult? Just let the commercial community wither and die.
clicky here
Is the name coincidence? I think not.
....except youth is too disinterested to demonstrate. The downward spiral continues.
So if you want to charge for usage, do you charge just for down, or do you charge for up too?
Not to give the cops a free pass, but I wonder how many people of Middle Eastern decent are acting differently? The real key though, is why. I'd call it a safe bet that a lot of them are nervous to be subjected to scrutiny because they've actually done nothing wrong, but realize there is a good chance they'll get pulled aside anyway.
how do the search engines communicate these privacy options to the user? If it's not easy to opt-out, it won't matter.
Actual term is "substantially equivalent" when compared to a medical device that has been previously cleared for market. In this case there are two predicate devices, the Meditron Stethoscope System and the STG Monitor Multichannel Lung Sound Analysis System. FDA's 510(k)summary page is here - http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/ cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=21693
PDF of the summary is here -
http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf6/K061495.pdf
... and the same thing can happen going from the US to Canada. When someone from our firm went north to repair a piece of equipment, he caught the same kind of crap. Why? Because he had his tools with him, and said he was going across to fix equipment. First question they asked at the border was if a Canadian could do the job.
Taco's got a case of the Mondays
My first question would be what service she was using for the email, and second would be what crap she signed for for with the account after she got it.
One little problem with the drugged air theory - it would equally affect the casino's employees.
Guilty until proven innocent works for them, because they're providing the service. It pushes back on the user to provide proof they're not guilty. Perhaps draconian in your view, but a good use of whatever IT and legal limited resources U Kansas may have.
While the article doesn't mention how, a previous study on XiTiMonitor's site shows that they're using share of visits by each browser type to the sites in question.
The key is new computer users. They don't already have a Windows or Mac background, so they don't know any differently. There's nothing to re-learn, since they're starting from scratch.
I'm sure Chairman Sheng-Ji Yang thinks it would be. And if you don't, a little nerve stapling might help.
Their report (interim rankings only)
Final rankings won't be available until September. Wonder what they'll be dicking around for three months for....
Ahh, but stories that promote ranting replies also generate page views and hence increased revenue.
You're screwed if you switch to DSL where I live - mandatory 2 year contract with Frontier, with penalties for early cancellation.
The current "in-thing" to do is to test how far those in power can stretch the limits - US goverment has been trying, and succeeding, at establishing new boundaries for its rights over its citizens, while corporations, as always, are trying their hardest to stretch their powers over their customers.
So, if Microsoft was based in Brazil, South Korea, or Finland, this would never happen? It's time to stop kidding yourself.
Psst.... "Evan" is a he.
But Homer is on the correct side.... Go figure.
You mean WoW ;-)