It's funny watching all you smelly communist hippies argue over user interfaces. Every minute you spend on Slashdot arguing is a minute that Microsoft and Apple are using to pull even further ahead of you.
But where's the limit? Manufacturers try to outspin each other all the time by selling CD-ROM drives with higher and higher spin ratios. Spin ratios of 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x, 56x and 64x come in a never ending stream. The CD is forced to rotate faster and faster. At what speed will a CD blow up, and can you do something to prevent it from exploding?
I decided to investigate all facts of the case:
How high speeds can various types of CD's take (for example CD-ROM's and CD-R's)?
Can one do something to make them stand even greater speeds?
What is the result when the limit is exceeded?
Are there other possible measures to increase the data transfer rate further?
The case was scientifically investigated at the electronics labs of Atlas Copco AB in Tyresö, outside Stockholm. We used a motor capable of 30,000 revolutions per minute, and a specially machined hub to keep the CD record as vibration-free as possible.
Background
The Audio CD Standard was set sometime back in the 70's. Then, it was decided that the record should rotate with different speeds, depending on where on the record the data was read, to get a constant data transfer rate. The method is named CLV (Constant Linear Velocity), or constant transfer rate. The transfer rate of an audio CD is a mere 176 kB/s, and to reach this rate the record only has to spin with 530 rpm when reading the innermost track, and 200 rpm for the outer track.
CAV is for Whimps
To be able to publish ever increasing spin ratios, many manufacturers have resorted to CAV (Constant Angular Velocity), a method whereby the record is not rotated faster when reading inner tracks. Thus they can specify impressive spin ratios for outer tracks and sell more, but in reality the spin ratio for the inner tracks is only 37.7% of this value.
CLV is for the Tough Boys
A 64x drive using CLV would have to rotate the disc with 33,920 rpm when reading an inner track, exposing the hub of the disk to a tangential force of some 45 N/mm2. A point on the periphery of the disc will be moving with 213 metres per second, slightly more than half the speed of sound. Can the disc take that?
The answer is no. A powerful no.
At about 52x, i.e. 27,500 rpm, most manufacturer's CDs blew up in a rain of plastic particles, leaving their marks on the premises. The result was a pile of shimmering plastic chips.
Experimental Set-Up
The CD-ROM which was to be strength tested was mounted inside damage-resistant testing equipment in a soundproofed room, complete with a shatterproof observation window.
The device under test A, was mounted to the hub B with a stud and a number of centering and holding washers in plastic material. The hub B was machined into the shaft of motor C, a three-phase motor for industrial washing machines. D was a sensor, sensing rotational speed and E1 and E2 the lower and upper shrapnel protectors, respectively, manufactured from 1.0 mm aluminium. F was the heavily armoured wall of the testing chamber, provided with a shatterproof observation window made of an amorphous silicon compound.
As you may see, the electronic equipment is extensive and very advanced. To the far left is a digital-analogue three-phase generator (a drive) able to deliver 10 Amps and 600 Volts with controllable frequency up to 1000 Hz, to run the connected motor up to 30,000 rpm. The drive is controlled by a portable PC, an advanced model when it was bought in 1985, today specially adapted as control terminal for our explosive experiments. Behind this you may see, carefully arranged, lots of other advanced equipment, such as an advanced roll of tape, a high tech plastic container, some superconducting cables and to the far right, an advanced roll of soldering tin (red).
The technician Thord Nilson (Ye Olde Wizarde), under maximum spiritual concentration and greatest possible silence, conducts manual balancing of one device under test. The tool in his hand, a Borkhardt SMS4579-A is used for tightening the fastening attachment in the centre of the hub (B in the picture above). The equipment in the background, the green cylinder, is a secret part of Atlas Copco's research work, a so called Spluriser. Because of this, you should forget it immediately.
Test Run
The test was conducted in such a manner that the DUT (Device Under Test) was mounted as vibration-free as possible in the test equipment, the personnel left the room, the room was hermetically sealed, protective clothing was donned, and we took up a safe position at the observation window.
The rotational speed was slowly increased from zero (ramping) towards 30,000 rpm and the operational parameters were recorded at the point of breaking.
The disc manufacturer, speed at destruction, power loss, temperature etc., were carefully recorded and became the basis of the "Table of Result", in Appendix A.
This was repeated for all eleven DUTs. It is worth noting that we increased the speed manually in the beginning, but later changed and let the explosion-control electronics increase the speed (direct ramping). The latter resulted in a somewhat increased durability of the DUT, usually a few thousand rpms.
Also note that the whining of the motor, the vibrations in the walls and the roaring of the CD-ROM disc, not unlike the sound of a crashing jet aeroplane, was impressive, and of course drew great interest from the staff at neighbouring laboratories.
When the disc fractured, there was a sharp bang and the test chamber was filled with shimmering, glittering shrapnel, and our grins were big. We hurried in and mounted the next disc, to be able to shoot again as fast as possible.
G Forces in the Disc
At 30,000 rpm the periphery of the disc is subjected to over 1500 g, and the hub is subjected to a force of 35 N/mm2 on its inner side. It is this force that will ultimately break up the disc.
Kevlar Reinforced CD Record
In our efforts of reaching ever increasing speeds, we tried to reinforce a disc with Kevlar wires. The wire was wound across the disc, as seen in the first picture. As Kevlar needs some pre-tensioning, the disc shows some warping when resting, as seen in the second picture. The warping disappears at increased speeds, though.
Kevlar is the strongest material in existence, many times stronger than unhardened steel and sewing thread. The wire we used, had an ultimate tensile strength of 80 N. As the wire was wound 5 times around the same point on the disc periphery, the wire bundle had a total ultimate tensile strength of 400 N (enough to hang a bicycle in).
It turned out our motor didn't have enough power to spin up the disc enough to explode it in one try, because the Kevlar wires consumed several hundred watts of motor power for aerobreaking.
After an extended period of time (about 20 seconds) at close to 28,000 rpm, the disc blew up with a loud bang anyway, with the wires remaining on the hub, as shown in the picture. It can be clearly seen that the wires remains pointing radially from the hub. The Kevlar wires had been stretched radially and performed as intended. What made the disc explode, was the creepage of the plastic material, i.e. its stretching over time, subjected to the high g forces.
Results
The result surpassed our wildest hopes, sorry: the result was scientifically convincing. The premises and the test equipment also became slightly modified during the testing.
The CD fragments left the disc at such high ejection speed that they deformed the shrapnel protectors, made out of 1.0 mm aluminium. The protectors were dented, torn up, and knocked off their fastening bolts.
One fragment has hit the protector with such force, that the metal has been torn up in an 8 mm rift. It is not probable that the fragment passed through the crack.
At a pre-test, performed without shrapnel protection, long rifts were torn in the ceiling, as shown in the picture. The speed sensor also had its surface coating ripped off.
Decontamination of the premises was time consuming, and yet it was not possible to recover all the shrapnel. We did remove so much, that there is no longer any great risk of damage to the environment or the climate. The picture shows the nice collection of plastic pieces remaining after the tests.
A close-up of the shrapnel, showing its enormous diversity, and its interesting colour characteristics. The self-tapping screw visible in the middle left, BZX4x12, galvanised steel, is not attributable to our experiment, but has to be ascribed to the extremely carefully, close to exaggeration, carried out decontamination process.
This final picture, shows the fragments in detail. You may study the breakage surfaces and the individual chips. It should be noted that we still haven't finished the scanning electron microscopic studies, so probably all details haven't been revealed yet. At the bottom right, the text "Corel Corporation" is visible.
Suggestions for Methods of Achieving Higher Data Transfer Rates
It is obvious the CD-ROM's are too brittle for rotational speeds over 23,000 rpm. As the speed is such a limiting factor for increasing the data transfer rate from CD-ROM records, other resolutions must be sought. Either the method of readout, or the medium should be changed.
Multiple Tracks
As most files take up more than one track on the record, it would be desirable to try to read more than one track at a time. Suppose you exchange today's reading phototransistor for a CCD array and read, for example 100 tracks at a time. This would increase the transfer speed 100 times, without the need for increasing rotational speed.
Multiple Reading Heads
For multi-user applications it would be feasible to use three or four reading heads together on the same CD record. This would need mounting four reading mechanisms at 90 degrees angle to each other in the same drive. If the same user was using all the four heads, intelligent caching could be used for increasing the transfer rate. Otherwise, four users would be able to read at four different places on the disc at the same time, with the four users experiencing increased reading speed, compared to the case of using one reading head and time-shared access.
Kevlar Lamination
Lamination with Kevlar fabric is an obvious solution. Not only does this render the disc capable of standing 20,000 rpm, but as the Kevlar fabric will have to be sandwiched between two CD records, preferably glued label-to-label, the record will be double-sided, thus having double the storage capacity of today's records, about 1.3 GB. Because it is possible to read both sides at the same time, readout speed is again doubled. The motor power required, some 300 watts, would impose a rather heavy loading on the computer's power supply, though.
Caching
It would be possible to build a hard disk into the CD-ROM drive. When a record is inserted into the drive, it will automatically start to read information onto the hard disk. All user accesses will go to the hard disk and all the advantages of the hard disk will be available, such as access times of less than 10 ms, and latency times in the order of 3-4 ms. Hard disks with the capacity to store an entire CD-ROM, today cost no more than a standard quality CD-ROM drive, so a cached CD-ROM drive would command a price of no more than 1.7-1.8 times the price of an un-cached one. This is no great hindrance for the ordinary consumer.
Safety Recommendations
The committee wishes, after finishing its work, to suggest the following safety precautions.
1. Safe distance to a CD-ROM drive with spin ratio 64x CLV should be no less than 5 metres (15 ft.).
2. All work with CD-ROM units should require safety goggles and protective clothing be worn.
3. CD-ROM drives of the 64x CLV class and higher, should be provided with shrapnel protection of no less than 3 mm aluminium or 1 mm steel.
4. To avoid operator inhalation of CD-ROM particles, CD-ROM drives should be provided with a dust suction fan with suitable filter, or have the fan duct connected directly to the outside air.
5. In addition to the laser light warning label, CD drives should be affixed with another label warning against the hazard of shrapnel, such as the one below:
Summary
CD-ROM drives with spin factors higher than 64x are impossible to build, as most records reach their ultimate strength limit at this speed. Instead, other solutions have to be sought, such as using several read heads, reading several tracks at at a time, or the like.
The general recommendation is that you never stand close to a 64x drive, if it isn't mounted in an explosion proof enclosure. You could have your stomach perforated.
Amen. Motherfucking zit-faced hypocrite cocksucking cum guzzling dick licking taking-it-in-the-rear brainless mindless sexless longhaired filthy free software sons of bitches.
Fuck off nerdboy. Go take the earnings from your web design job and use them to buy a hooker. You know it's the only way you'll ever lose your virginity.
We trolls serve a valuable purpose on Slashdot. Were it not for us, the smelly open-source libertarian virgin acne-encrusted Linux hippies would run rampant, and chaos would ensue. So, as you can see, we trolls are not much appreciated, but we do serve a valuable purpose. More respect would be nice, although I've always believed in the values of peace, understanding, and empathy. Now piss off you cocksucking AC bitch.
Ah, I see! I'll bet you're a homo-sexual as well. Let me tell you something, sonny - Jesus died for our sins. What he didn't die for are faggots like you whose only contribution to society is to spew their rectal blood all over the soil of our great nation! I may be old, but I still know a queer when I see one! Reminds me of a story about my old pal James. This was during the Recession of, what was it, '31 or '32. James' family lost everything thanks to the drought that year. His pa was devastated, just devastated. They couldn't support James anymore, so he came and lived with us for awhile. We didn't have a spare bedroom, though, let alone a spare bed, so he slept with me. Well, I never! This boy was queerer than I ever thought was possible! I was tired, so I did my best to ignore him, but let me tell you, having your manhood fondled by a stinking faggot hardly promotes a good night's rest! Eventually, I got so riled, I lifted James out of bed and beat the living tar out of him. He bled for a whole two weeks! Let that be a lesson to you liberal homo bastards - I've got it in for you, you stinking flaming sons of bitches! And Jesus does, as well!
What are you, some kind of mari-juana smoking hippie? I say we use the rights given to us by the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the United States to blow the heads off of you god-damned sons of bitches! There's enough decadence in society with Elizabeth Taylor, the harlot, running around. A floozy, she is. And it's all these movie stars' fault, bashing this liberal scum into the heads of our children like morality and virtue are sins! I never! Such snot-noses kids are today. When I was a boy, I had nothing but 600 acres of farmland, and what do kids have today? Tele-vision. High-powered radios. Computers. They don't know what it means to have responsibilities! To work! To enjoy the beauty of nature! No, they sit in their expensive houses, while their idiotic twit parents raise them to be utter irresponsible fools. They get sent off to college and have sex before marriage! They even go so far as to denounce Lord Christ our Savior. I don't know where it all went wrong, but society is ruined. Just ruined. The damned hippies, the damned Baby Boomers, I'm telling you, they should all be shot. Point-blank, in the head. That's the Second Amendment for you. Long live the NRA. May you all burn in Hell.
Slashdot Mirror
"Even the most die-hard Microsoft supporters wll admit that Linux is viable on the desktop right now." Bahahahahahahahahahahah!!!!
I do believe this is the sickest troll in the history of Slashdot. Congrats, sir.
It's funny watching all you smelly communist hippies argue over user interfaces. Every minute you spend on Slashdot arguing is a minute that Microsoft and Apple are using to pull even further ahead of you.
Thanks for spreading the word, AC. These dirty terrorism-supporting hippies must be stopped.
Introduction
But where's the limit? Manufacturers try to outspin each other all the time by selling CD-ROM drives with higher and higher spin ratios. Spin ratios of 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x, 56x and 64x come in a never ending stream. The CD is forced to rotate faster and faster. At what speed will a CD blow up, and can you do something to prevent it from exploding?
I decided to investigate all facts of the case:
How high speeds can various types of CD's take (for example CD-ROM's and CD-R's)?
Can one do something to make them stand even greater speeds?
What is the result when the limit is exceeded?
Are there other possible measures to increase the data transfer rate further?
The case was scientifically investigated at the electronics labs of Atlas Copco AB in Tyresö, outside Stockholm. We used a motor capable of 30,000 revolutions per minute, and a specially machined hub to keep the CD record as vibration-free as possible.
Background
The Audio CD Standard was set sometime back in the 70's. Then, it was decided that the record should rotate with different speeds, depending on where on the record the data was read, to get a constant data transfer rate. The method is named CLV (Constant Linear Velocity), or constant transfer rate. The transfer rate of an audio CD is a mere 176 kB/s, and to reach this rate the record only has to spin with 530 rpm when reading the innermost track, and 200 rpm for the outer track.
CAV is for Whimps
To be able to publish ever increasing spin ratios, many manufacturers have resorted to CAV (Constant Angular Velocity), a method whereby the record is not rotated faster when reading inner tracks. Thus they can specify impressive spin ratios for outer tracks and sell more, but in reality the spin ratio for the inner tracks is only 37.7% of this value.
CLV is for the Tough Boys
A 64x drive using CLV would have to rotate the disc with 33,920 rpm when reading an inner track, exposing the hub of the disk to a tangential force of some 45 N/mm2. A point on the periphery of the disc will be moving with 213 metres per second, slightly more than half the speed of sound. Can the disc take that?
The answer is no. A powerful no.
At about 52x, i.e. 27,500 rpm, most manufacturer's CDs blew up in a rain of plastic particles, leaving their marks on the premises. The result was a pile of shimmering plastic chips.
Experimental Set-Up
The CD-ROM which was to be strength tested was mounted inside damage-resistant testing equipment in a soundproofed room, complete with a shatterproof observation window.
The device under test A, was mounted to the hub B with a stud and a number of centering and holding washers in plastic material. The hub B was machined into the shaft of motor C, a three-phase motor for industrial washing machines. D was a sensor, sensing rotational speed and E1 and E2 the lower and upper shrapnel protectors, respectively, manufactured from 1.0 mm aluminium. F was the heavily armoured wall of the testing chamber, provided with a shatterproof observation window made of an amorphous silicon compound.
As you may see, the electronic equipment is extensive and very advanced. To the far left is a digital-analogue three-phase generator (a drive) able to deliver 10 Amps and 600 Volts with controllable frequency up to 1000 Hz, to run the connected motor up to 30,000 rpm. The drive is controlled by a portable PC, an advanced model when it was bought in 1985, today specially adapted as control terminal for our explosive experiments. Behind this you may see, carefully arranged, lots of other advanced equipment, such as an advanced roll of tape, a high tech plastic container, some superconducting cables and to the far right, an advanced roll of soldering tin (red).
The technician Thord Nilson (Ye Olde Wizarde), under maximum spiritual concentration and greatest possible silence, conducts manual balancing of one device under test. The tool in his hand, a Borkhardt SMS4579-A is used for tightening the fastening attachment in the centre of the hub (B in the picture above). The equipment in the background, the green cylinder, is a secret part of Atlas Copco's research work, a so called Spluriser. Because of this, you should forget it immediately.
Test Run
The test was conducted in such a manner that the DUT (Device Under Test) was mounted as vibration-free as possible in the test equipment, the personnel left the room, the room was hermetically sealed, protective clothing was donned, and we took up a safe position at the observation window.
The rotational speed was slowly increased from zero (ramping) towards 30,000 rpm and the operational parameters were recorded at the point of breaking.
The disc manufacturer, speed at destruction, power loss, temperature etc., were carefully recorded and became the basis of the "Table of Result", in Appendix A.
This was repeated for all eleven DUTs. It is worth noting that we increased the speed manually in the beginning, but later changed and let the explosion-control electronics increase the speed (direct ramping). The latter resulted in a somewhat increased durability of the DUT, usually a few thousand rpms.
Also note that the whining of the motor, the vibrations in the walls and the roaring of the CD-ROM disc, not unlike the sound of a crashing jet aeroplane, was impressive, and of course drew great interest from the staff at neighbouring laboratories.
When the disc fractured, there was a sharp bang and the test chamber was filled with shimmering, glittering shrapnel, and our grins were big. We hurried in and mounted the next disc, to be able to shoot again as fast as possible.
G Forces in the Disc
At 30,000 rpm the periphery of the disc is subjected to over 1500 g, and the hub is subjected to a force of 35 N/mm2 on its inner side. It is this force that will ultimately break up the disc.
Kevlar Reinforced CD Record
In our efforts of reaching ever increasing speeds, we tried to reinforce a disc with Kevlar wires. The wire was wound across the disc, as seen in the first picture. As Kevlar needs some pre-tensioning, the disc shows some warping when resting, as seen in the second picture. The warping disappears at increased speeds, though.
Kevlar is the strongest material in existence, many times stronger than unhardened steel and sewing thread. The wire we used, had an ultimate tensile strength of 80 N. As the wire was wound 5 times around the same point on the disc periphery, the wire bundle had a total ultimate tensile strength of 400 N (enough to hang a bicycle in).
It turned out our motor didn't have enough power to spin up the disc enough to explode it in one try, because the Kevlar wires consumed several hundred watts of motor power for aerobreaking.
After an extended period of time (about 20 seconds) at close to 28,000 rpm, the disc blew up with a loud bang anyway, with the wires remaining on the hub, as shown in the picture. It can be clearly seen that the wires remains pointing radially from the hub. The Kevlar wires had been stretched radially and performed as intended. What made the disc explode, was the creepage of the plastic material, i.e. its stretching over time, subjected to the high g forces.
Results
The result surpassed our wildest hopes, sorry: the result was scientifically convincing. The premises and the test equipment also became slightly modified during the testing.
The CD fragments left the disc at such high ejection speed that they deformed the shrapnel protectors, made out of 1.0 mm aluminium. The protectors were dented, torn up, and knocked off their fastening bolts.
One fragment has hit the protector with such force, that the metal has been torn up in an 8 mm rift. It is not probable that the fragment passed through the crack.
At a pre-test, performed without shrapnel protection, long rifts were torn in the ceiling, as shown in the picture. The speed sensor also had its surface coating ripped off.
Decontamination of the premises was time consuming, and yet it was not possible to recover all the shrapnel. We did remove so much, that there is no longer any great risk of damage to the environment or the climate. The picture shows the nice collection of plastic pieces remaining after the tests.
A close-up of the shrapnel, showing its enormous diversity, and its interesting colour characteristics. The self-tapping screw visible in the middle left, BZX4x12, galvanised steel, is not attributable to our experiment, but has to be ascribed to the extremely carefully, close to exaggeration, carried out decontamination process.
This final picture, shows the fragments in detail. You may study the breakage surfaces and the individual chips. It should be noted that we still haven't finished the scanning electron microscopic studies, so probably all details haven't been revealed yet. At the bottom right, the text "Corel Corporation" is visible.
Suggestions for Methods of Achieving Higher Data Transfer Rates
It is obvious the CD-ROM's are too brittle for rotational speeds over 23,000 rpm. As the speed is such a limiting factor for increasing the data transfer rate from CD-ROM records, other resolutions must be sought. Either the method of readout, or the medium should be changed.
Multiple Tracks
As most files take up more than one track on the record, it would be desirable to try to read more than one track at a time. Suppose you exchange today's reading phototransistor for a CCD array and read, for example 100 tracks at a time. This would increase the transfer speed 100 times, without the need for increasing rotational speed.
Multiple Reading Heads
For multi-user applications it would be feasible to use three or four reading heads together on the same CD record. This would need mounting four reading mechanisms at 90 degrees angle to each other in the same drive. If the same user was using all the four heads, intelligent caching could be used for increasing the transfer rate. Otherwise, four users would be able to read at four different places on the disc at the same time, with the four users experiencing increased reading speed, compared to the case of using one reading head and time-shared access.
Kevlar Lamination
Lamination with Kevlar fabric is an obvious solution. Not only does this render the disc capable of standing 20,000 rpm, but as the Kevlar fabric will have to be sandwiched between two CD records, preferably glued label-to-label, the record will be double-sided, thus having double the storage capacity of today's records, about 1.3 GB. Because it is possible to read both sides at the same time, readout speed is again doubled. The motor power required, some 300 watts, would impose a rather heavy loading on the computer's power supply, though.
Caching
It would be possible to build a hard disk into the CD-ROM drive. When a record is inserted into the drive, it will automatically start to read information onto the hard disk. All user accesses will go to the hard disk and all the advantages of the hard disk will be available, such as access times of less than 10 ms, and latency times in the order of 3-4 ms. Hard disks with the capacity to store an entire CD-ROM, today cost no more than a standard quality CD-ROM drive, so a cached CD-ROM drive would command a price of no more than 1.7-1.8 times the price of an un-cached one. This is no great hindrance for the ordinary consumer.
Safety Recommendations
The committee wishes, after finishing its work, to suggest the following safety precautions.
1. Safe distance to a CD-ROM drive with spin ratio 64x CLV should be no less than 5 metres (15 ft.). 2. All work with CD-ROM units should require safety goggles and protective clothing be worn. 3. CD-ROM drives of the 64x CLV class and higher, should be provided with shrapnel protection of no less than 3 mm aluminium or 1 mm steel. 4. To avoid operator inhalation of CD-ROM particles, CD-ROM drives should be provided with a dust suction fan with suitable filter, or have the fan duct connected directly to the outside air.
5. In addition to the laser light warning label, CD drives should be affixed with another label warning against the hazard of shrapnel, such as the one below:
Summary
CD-ROM drives with spin factors higher than 64x are impossible to build, as most records reach their ultimate strength limit at this speed. Instead, other solutions have to be sought, such as using several read heads, reading several tracks at at a time, or the like.
The general recommendation is that you never stand close to a 64x drive, if it isn't mounted in an explosion proof enclosure. You could have your stomach perforated.
CmdrTaco is a smelly goatfucker!
This is not the first post, but it is closer to being the first post than it is to being the last.
I find it amazing how much of a wanker you are.
You fucking hippie bitch. Go back to the pisser to jerk off to your Palmpilot porn... ... for the 8th time today.
Amen. Motherfucking zit-faced hypocrite cocksucking cum guzzling dick licking taking-it-in-the-rear brainless mindless sexless longhaired filthy free software sons of bitches.
I disagree with this post.
Poor baby. Get your dick out of your cat's rectum, take a shower, and get a job, pansy ass.
Fuck off nerdboy. Go take the earnings from your web design job and use them to buy a hooker. You know it's the only way you'll ever lose your virginity.
We trolls serve a valuable purpose on Slashdot. Were it not for us, the smelly open-source libertarian virgin acne-encrusted Linux hippies would run rampant, and chaos would ensue. So, as you can see, we trolls are not much appreciated, but we do serve a valuable purpose. More respect would be nice, although I've always believed in the values of peace, understanding, and empathy. Now piss off you cocksucking AC bitch.
It would be a bit redundant though too, wouldn't it?
Yes... just ask the moderators
You were a great Communist dictator.
You, sonny, are a fucking zit-faced pansy.
It's free alright... like the moldy bread and spoiled meat in the dumpster of the local supermarket. Dig in!
It is... it is...
Holy SHIT!! A game actually WORKS THE WAY ITS SUPPOSED TO in Linux!! Bravo Transgaming!
A much larger move... yes, I'll agree with that. I think its desktop market share could at least double! (From 0.08% to 0.16%, at LEAST)
Behold the power of all 119 Linux users who would ever pay money for a game.
You're right, integration, flexibility, and compatibility all suck.
- Bitter Old Man
- Bitter Old Man