Z produces fusion neutrons, Sandia scientists confirm
PHILADELPHIA, Pa. -- Throwing its hat into the ring of machines that offer the possibility of achieving controlled nuclear fusion, Sandia National Laboratories' Z machine has created a hot dense plasma that produces thermonuclear neutrons, Sandia researchers announced today at a news conference at the April meeting of the American Physical Society in Philadelphia.
The neutrons emanate from fusion reactions within a BB-sized deuterium capsule placed within the target of the huge machine. Compressing hot dense plasmas that produce neutrons is an important step toward realizing ignition, the level at which the fusion reaction becomes self-sustaining.
The amount of energy a larger successor to Z could bring to bear offers the still-later possibility of high-yield fusion -- the state in which much more energy is released than is needed to provoke the reaction initially to occur. The excess energy could be used for applications such as the generation of electricity, said Tom Mehlhorn, a project leader on the machine.
Z causes reactions to occur neither by confining low density plasmas in dimensionally huge magnetic fields, as do tokomaks, nor by focusing intense laser beams on or around a target, as in laser fusion, but simply through the application of huge pulses of electricity applied with very sophisticated timing. The pulse creates an intense magnetic field that crushes tungsten wires into a foam cylinder to produce X-rays. The X-ray energy, striking the surface of the target capsule embedded in the cylinder, produces a shock wave that compresses the deuterium within the capsule, fusing enough deuterium to produce neutrons.
"Pulsed power electrical systems have always been energy-rich but power-poor," said Ray Leeper, a Sandia manager. "That is, we can deliver a lot of energy, but it wasn't clear we could concentrate it on a small enough area to create fusion. Now it seems clear we can do that."
A partial confirmation of the result came about when theoretical predictions and lab outcomes were determined to be of the same order of magnitude. Predictions and measurements of the neutron yield were both of the order of 10 billion neutrons. The predicted neutron yield depends on the ion density temperature and volume. Those quantities were independently confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy measurements.
Neutron pulses were observed as early as last summer but researchers were wary that the output was produced by interactions between the target and ions generated by Z's processes, rather than within the capsule itself. Ion-generated neutrons were not the point of the experiment, since they would not scale up into a high-yield event in any later, more powerful version of Z.
But a series of experiments completed in late March demonstrated that the production was within the capsule itself. To show this, researchers inserted xenon gas within the capsule. The gas prevented the capsule from getting hot during compression. Thus, the neutron yield dropped dramatically, as predicted.
The action takes place within a container the size of a pencil eraser, called a hohlraum, at the center of the Z machine, itself a circular device about 120 feet in diameter.
Sandia researchers Jim Bailey and Gordon Chandler led the experimental team and Steve Slutz performed theortical calculations. Sandian Carlos Ruiz and Gary Cooper of the University of New Mexico performed the neutron measurements.
is going to document how he had to increase the size of his doorframes to get to the toilet, go out of the house, strengthing his computer chair, replacing the flattened sofa, replacing the car's shock absorbers with those from rally cars. And a few months later he will document how firefighters resuced him from his house when he was suffering from insulin shock.
I am a student of MichiganTech(but on a break now) and this is a embarrasment to the university. The university is reeling with budget cuts of 20 % for next year and this kind of publicity will not make it easier for MTU to recruit students.
I stayed in the dorms the first year. For the first semester, the internet was very fast. Napster was at its peak. Everybody downloaded as much shit as they could. Now spring semester, the internet speed was reduced to 1/5 of its original. This was because the dorms were taking up a helluva lot of bandwidth compared to all the departments. It made life miserable for those in the dorms. Then napster finally shut down but this did not improve internet access rates.
MTU is a very remote university and it only had a T3 backbone(dont know if they upgraded now). Within Resnet, there were a few servers that had 30+ GB of music that was available but you needed passwords for those. Me and another friend came to know of one of those servers one day before spring semester ended. We ended up leeching about 30 GB each in a day.
File sharing was done discretely in the dorms. 1-2 GB here there was fine but if you did 20 GB then you'd probably be caught. 2 students were kicked out of MTU for filesharing in my first year. During my second year 2-3 guys got busted for downloading movies from Kazaa in the on-campus apartments. But fortunately I was staying off campus and for 6 months I leeched 1+ GB day. I would have been a sure goner if I did that on campus.
In Bangalore, India and pretty much every state, computer engineering and computer science degrees are granted only by engineering colleges. In India when one does their engineering its called BE not BS as its known in the US.
And most software companies hire only software engineers from engineering colleges. Here Bachelor of Science is known as BSc and the only people who do it are those who do not get admission to engineering colleges(One has to give an entrance test to get into engineering colleges).
The cost of connecting to the imode service is 300yen[2.5 $]. The cost of sending or receiving a packet of data[128 bytes] is 0.3 yen. Thus the receiver of the spam also ends up paying for it.
Many manufacturers have reduced their warranties to 1 year but the difference between 3 year and 1 year warranty is only 1 dollar or so according to this story from the inquirer. Therefore going in for a longer warranty makes more sense now.
"Before allowing e-mails through to your in-box, Mailblocks automatically transmits a numerical password to first-time correspondents. The senders must then retype the code into an onscreen dialog box before the system acknowledges them as legitimate.
Ok, lets say I subscribe to the headline mailing list of slashdot. That means that the sender(slashdot) must retype the code into an onscreen dialog box? What if slashdot is mailing this to 100,000 people. Isnt retyping the code for even a fraction of those going to be stupid? And why and who at slashdot will do it anyway?
Could somebody clarify this?
In china, there are 200 million+ mobile phones. So, for most small businesses, the mobile is the primary and only phone. Unlike the US where if the business is making a false claim in an advertisement then you have the ad council of America to take care of the problem(most of the time) but in China how will the ad council there (they are not so effective in the first place) pursue the case when the advertiser is a fly-by-night operator?
My university[mtu.edu] was the first to adopt those sun ray programs MTU in 2000 for students in residence halls. Turned out to be big flop and MTU discontinued that program in 2002. Sun Rays are a real pain in the ass. I worked on them for 2 years but just hated them. Of course I had no alternative because the math dept had only suns. Thank god my Elec Engg dept did not use them.
Right now AMD says its delaying its Athlon64 processor because it wants MS to release its 64 bit OS. But there might also be yield issues that AMD has not sorted out yet. AMD is releasing its Opteron in April, depending on the response it gets, MS might plow more resources to get its 64 bit OS for AMD as soon as it can. 64 bit computing is one of the growth areas that MS cannot afford to ignore.
I have seen a few offices where the fax machine is only used for contracts that are important and need a hard copy so that even if the receiver tries to fake it they can't. Other than that most of them have switched to email(sending 25 pages over fax is plain stupid now).
The fax machines are switched on only when the sender calls up the receiver so the problem of junk spam is totally eliminated.
"revenues for LCDs by the end of this year will top the CRT revenues."
A 17 inch LCD has the same screen area as a 19 inch CRT and a 19 inch LCD the same as 21 inch CRT.
According to pricewatch.com, a 15 inch LCD costs 2.2 (220/100 $) times more than a 17 inch CRT.
And a 17 inch LCD costs 2.2 (333/152 $) times more than a 19 inch CRT.
So it takes cost of 54 CRTs to replace the cost of 25 LCDs. Manufacturers and dealers are all plumping for LCDs because of the margins they get on them.
I am from India and I agree that English should become the de facto means of communication(my native language is Hindi). I was educated at a British established english medium school in Bangalore and went to the US for studies for 2 years(back in India temporarily).
This whole deal about saving dying languages is total piece of crap. I for one will be so happy to see many languages die. 6500 languages? many people say that a movie in one language does not sound right in another. I agree on that but still that number should come down to about 500-600. Even though I have lived in Bangalore for all but 3 years I hate to speak to local language(Kannada) and cringe when I have to speak Kannada.
Unlike the US where everthing is in english(and some in spanish now) there are I dont know, 18? goddamn recognised languages in India and this has not led to coherence. People in the US can locate from one part of the country to another without worrying what kind of people and language they will encounter but here its totally a different because of the language. The unity that you see in the US is just not present here and half of India is not even literate!
Bangalore(and south India) has a lot of english speakers but say you get involved in an accident, its too damn difficult to talk with the locals. Other than most rural and some govt schools, the language of instruction is english. This is leading to a lot of job creation in the software sector, backoffice operations and call centres here unlike other parts of India which are pathetic in english. I root for the US because many non-english countries have increasingly adopted english because of US's economic proweress.
Slashdot Mirror
1)ISO Buster to restore corrupted CD's. Isobuster
2)Partition Magic Partition Magic3)Restore lost data on hard disks Google and Download.com
4)Hard disk diagnostic tool PowerMax from MaxtorZ produces fusion neutrons, Sandia scientists confirm
PHILADELPHIA, Pa. -- Throwing its hat into the ring of machines that offer the possibility of achieving controlled nuclear fusion, Sandia National Laboratories' Z machine has created a hot dense plasma that produces thermonuclear neutrons, Sandia researchers announced today at a news conference at the April meeting of the American Physical Society in Philadelphia.The neutrons emanate from fusion reactions within a BB-sized deuterium capsule placed within the target of the huge machine. Compressing hot dense plasmas that produce neutrons is an important step toward realizing ignition, the level at which the fusion reaction becomes self-sustaining.
The amount of energy a larger successor to Z could bring to bear offers the still-later possibility of high-yield fusion -- the state in which much more energy is released than is needed to provoke the reaction initially to occur. The excess energy could be used for applications such as the generation of electricity, said Tom Mehlhorn, a project leader on the machine.
Z causes reactions to occur neither by confining low density plasmas in dimensionally huge magnetic fields, as do tokomaks, nor by focusing intense laser beams on or around a target, as in laser fusion, but simply through the application of huge pulses of electricity applied with very sophisticated timing. The pulse creates an intense magnetic field that crushes tungsten wires into a foam cylinder to produce X-rays. The X-ray energy, striking the surface of the target capsule embedded in the cylinder, produces a shock wave that compresses the deuterium within the capsule, fusing enough deuterium to produce neutrons."Pulsed power electrical systems have always been energy-rich but power-poor," said Ray Leeper, a Sandia manager. "That is, we can deliver a lot of energy, but it wasn't clear we could concentrate it on a small enough area to create fusion. Now it seems clear we can do that."
A partial confirmation of the result came about when theoretical predictions and lab outcomes were determined to be of the same order of magnitude. Predictions and measurements of the neutron yield were both of the order of 10 billion neutrons. The predicted neutron yield depends on the ion density temperature and volume. Those quantities were independently confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy measurements.Neutron pulses were observed as early as last summer but researchers were wary that the output was produced by interactions between the target and ions generated by Z's processes, rather than within the capsule itself. Ion-generated neutrons were not the point of the experiment, since they would not scale up into a high-yield event in any later, more powerful version of Z.
But a series of experiments completed in late March demonstrated that the production was within the capsule itself. To show this, researchers inserted xenon gas within the capsule. The gas prevented the capsule from getting hot during compression. Thus, the neutron yield dropped dramatically, as predicted.The action takes place within a container the size of a pencil eraser, called a hohlraum, at the center of the Z machine, itself a circular device about 120 feet in diameter.
Sandia researchers Jim Bailey and Gordon Chandler led the experimental team and Steve Slutz performed theortical calculations. Sandian Carlos Ruiz and Gary Cooper of the University of New Mexico performed the neutron measurements.Exactly.. where would this april fool's joke be without USB?
is going to document how he had to increase the size of his doorframes to get to the toilet, go out of the house, strengthing his computer chair, replacing the flattened sofa, replacing the car's shock absorbers with those from rally cars.
And a few months later he will document how firefighters resuced him from his house when he was suffering from insulin shock.
More about IBM and Cern- Gridcomputingplanet
Cern and Java- VnunetMore about Cern-Hepwww
The Large Electron Positron Collider at Cern-Hepwww
I am a student of MichiganTech(but on a break now) and this is a embarrasment to the university. The university is reeling with budget cuts of 20 % for next year and this kind of publicity will not make it easier for MTU to recruit students.
I stayed in the dorms the first year. For the first semester, the internet was very fast. Napster was at its peak. Everybody downloaded as much shit as they could. Now spring semester, the internet speed was reduced to 1/5 of its original. This was because the dorms were taking up a helluva lot of bandwidth compared to all the departments. It made life miserable for those in the dorms. Then napster finally shut down but this did not improve internet access rates.MTU is a very remote university and it only had a T3 backbone(dont know if they upgraded now). Within Resnet, there were a few servers that had 30+ GB of music that was available but you needed passwords for those. Me and another friend came to know of one of those servers one day before spring semester ended. We ended up leeching about 30 GB each in a day.
File sharing was done discretely in the dorms. 1-2 GB here there was fine but if you did 20 GB then you'd probably be caught. 2 students were kicked out of MTU for filesharing in my first year. During my second year 2-3 guys got busted for downloading movies from Kazaa in the on-campus apartments. But fortunately I was staying off campus and for 6 months I leeched 1+ GB day. I would have been a sure goner if I did that on campus.Should'nt this story be posted under the topic Its Funny, Laugh ?
turkey makes a fool out of you. ;)
I think this is fire by wire.
In Bangalore, India and pretty much every state, computer engineering and computer science degrees are granted only by engineering colleges. In India when one does their engineering its called BE not BS as its known in the US.
And most software companies hire only software engineers from engineering colleges. Here Bachelor of Science is known as BSc and the only people who do it are those who do not get admission to engineering colleges(One has to give an entrance test to get into engineering colleges).Dude My Congressman sucks Ass
The cost of connecting to the imode service is 300yen[2.5 $]. The cost of sending or receiving a packet of data[128 bytes] is 0.3 yen. Thus the receiver of the spam also ends up paying for it.
In another article, a similar type of 5 inch LCD screen was fitted on the side of the desktop after cutting a hole there.[Mikhailtech].
Many manufacturers have reduced their warranties to 1 year but the difference between 3 year and 1 year warranty is only 1 dollar or so according to this story from the inquirer.
Therefore going in for a longer warranty makes more sense now.
So finally there *is* another use of Everclear [95 % alcohol] than killing yourself ;)
Red Hat's actually trying to catch up with OS X. They could'nt do it with the product so might as well do it with numbers ;)
"Before allowing e-mails through to your in-box, Mailblocks automatically transmits a numerical password to first-time correspondents. The senders must then retype the code into an onscreen dialog box before the system acknowledges them as legitimate.
Ok, lets say I subscribe to the headline mailing list of slashdot. That means that the sender(slashdot) must retype the code into an onscreen dialog box? What if slashdot is mailing this to 100,000 people. Isnt retyping the code for even a fraction of those going to be stupid? And why and who at slashdot will do it anyway? Could somebody clarify this?In china, there are 200 million+ mobile phones. So, for most small businesses, the mobile is the primary and only phone.
Unlike the US where if the business is making a false claim in an advertisement then you have the ad council of America to take care of the problem(most of the time) but in China how will the ad council there (they are not so effective in the first place) pursue the case when the advertiser is a fly-by-night operator?
My university[mtu.edu] was the first to adopt those sun ray programs MTU in 2000 for students in residence halls. Turned out to be big flop and MTU discontinued that program in 2002. Sun Rays are a real pain in the ass. I worked on them for 2 years but just hated them. Of course I had no alternative because the math dept had only suns. Thank god my Elec Engg dept did not use them.
dare we suggest that microsoft start this initiative with its employees first?
Right now AMD says its delaying its Athlon64 processor because it wants MS to release its 64 bit OS. But there might also be yield issues that AMD has not sorted out yet.
AMD is releasing its Opteron in April, depending on the response it gets, MS might plow more resources to get its 64 bit OS for AMD as soon as it can. 64 bit computing is one of the growth areas that MS cannot afford to ignore.
I have seen a few offices where the fax machine is only used for contracts that are important and need a hard copy so that even if the receiver tries to fake it they can't. Other than that most of them have switched to email(sending 25 pages over fax is plain stupid now).
The fax machines are switched on only when the sender calls up the receiver so the problem of junk spam is totally eliminated.
its all the fault of google. spoilt us with their instantaneous karma.
"revenues for LCDs by the end of this year will top the CRT revenues."
A 17 inch LCD has the same screen area as a 19 inch CRT and a 19 inch LCD the same as 21 inch CRT.According to pricewatch.com, a 15 inch LCD costs 2.2 (220/100 $) times more than a 17 inch CRT.
And a 17 inch LCD costs 2.2 (333/152 $) times more than a 19 inch CRT. So it takes cost of 54 CRTs to replace the cost of 25 LCDs. Manufacturers and dealers are all plumping for LCDs because of the margins they get on them.I am from India and I agree that English should become the de facto means of communication(my native language is Hindi). I was educated at a British established english medium school in Bangalore and went to the US for studies for 2 years(back in India temporarily).
This whole deal about saving dying languages is total piece of crap. I for one will be so happy to see many languages die. 6500 languages? many people say that a movie in one language does not sound right in another. I agree on that but still that number should come down to about 500-600. Even though I have lived in Bangalore for all but 3 years I hate to speak to local language(Kannada) and cringe when I have to speak Kannada.
Unlike the US where everthing is in english(and some in spanish now) there are I dont know, 18? goddamn recognised languages in India and this has not led to coherence. People in the US can locate from one part of the country to another without worrying what kind of people and language they will encounter but here its totally a different because of the language. The unity that you see in the US is just not present here and half of India is not even literate!Bangalore(and south India) has a lot of english speakers but say you get involved in an accident, its too damn difficult to talk with the locals. Other than most rural and some govt schools, the language of instruction is english. This is leading to a lot of job creation in the software sector, backoffice operations and call centres here unlike other parts of India which are pathetic in english. I root for the US because many non-english countries have increasingly adopted english because of US's economic proweress.
And is Canadian yooper a recognised language, eh?