The exploding rectifier was probably due to oversized caps, too. The caps look like a short circuit until they charge, so the inrush current through the diodes could easily be hundreds or even thousands of amps depending on how stout the transformer feeding them is.
If you really want huge filter caps (which weren't typically used in tube gear), you need to have some kind of "step-start" circuit in the transformer primary to limit the initial charging current surge.
The tube on the AOpen mobo was a 6DJ8/6922, not a 12AX7.
The 6DJ8 is also a dual triode, but it has much higher transconductance because it is a frame grid design. Those tubes were widely used as input amplifiers in vintage Tektronix scopes because of their low noise and high linearity.
The big holdout preventing TV sets from going solid state (besides the CRT) was actually a simple diode tube--the high voltage rectifier. Because of the very high voltages required (up to 25-30 kV in a 25" color set), long series strings of (first) selenium or (later) silicon diodes were needed to replace the humble 1B3, 1X2 or 3A3 tube. Early solid state HV rectifier stacks were expensive and unreliable, compared to a tube that cost a buck or so and often outlasted the rest of the set.
MANY sets (particularly early small-screen Japanese sets) were all solid state except for the HV rectifier tube. Larger sets still retained tubes for high power sweep stages for a few more years, until transistors improved enough to meet the demands of the application.
The decommissioning work done to prepare the shuttles for museum display rendered them beyond any practical ability to return to service. Large parts of the internal structure were chopped out to remove contaminated fuel tanks, etc. It would likely be faster and cheaper to build a new shuttle than to try to fly one of the museum display orbiters again.
Add in the fact that the supply chain for things like external tanks and other shuttle parts was dismantled several years ago, and many of the specialized jigs and fixtures sold off for scrap.
Would he suggest regulating programming languages, compilers, etc. as "cyber weapons precursors"? After all, certain chemicals and nuclear materials are strictly watched because they can be used to create chemical or nuclear weapons, right?
If you repair some electrical device for someone else, and at some point down the line it starts a fire or electrocutes someone, you could easily be held liable here in the US, whether your repair had anything to do with it or not. And half-assed repairs done by well-meaning but untrained people are just BEGGING for trouble. From the NYT article (emphasis mine):
When Mr. van den Akker put the iron back together, two parts were left over â" no matter, he said, they were probably not that important. He plugged the frayed cord into a socket. A green light went on. Rusty water poured out. Finally, it began to steam.
Actual repair shops carry insurance for such eventualities, but random folks at a "repair cafe" wouldn't.
, with lots of preassembled PC boards and the like. The last few TV kits they offered (after Zenith bought them out), were simply a Zenith "System 3" set with all of the modules shipped loose. Spend 30 minutes snapping boards into place and plugging a few cables in, and you had the same exact set you could have bought already assembled for $100 cheaper from the local appliance store.
Your FM tuner was most likely the same kind of deal, a commercial model sold without the "final assembly".
Using other company's designs probably dictated the preassembled nature of the product. Heathkit's older, original designs were made so that kits like TV sets or FM tuners could be aligned and tested after assembly using only rudimentary equipment that the typical hobbyist would have access to. The TV sets included built-in test pattern generators for performing the convergence setup, etc. The commercial designs were made to be aligned using automatic test equipment on an assembly line, so having the home builder do it was simply not feasible any more.
Ferroresonant transformers are a good solution for voltage regulation (where the incoming line voltage varies outside the acceptable range), but they can produce unacceptable waveform distortion (and excessive losses) when underloaded. They work best with relatively constant loads, which a whole-house residential application IS NOT.
Only in the US has the word "libertarian" been co-opted by the free-market uber alles, Ayn Rand worshiping, "I've got mine so fuck you!" crowd.
In the rest of the world, the word "libertarianism" is quite similar in meaning to "anarchism". In fact, many anarchists (including Noam Chomsky) use the term "libertarian socialism" to describe their philosophy, as the term "anarchism" has been tainted with connotations of rioting, looting, burning police cars, and punk-rock wannabees.
If things keep going this way, maybe in a few years when a levee breaks it would not be because of bad engineering/maintenance, but because "that city was full of sinners and God punished them"
Which would suit most politicians (be they religious nutjobs or not) just fine. After all, blaming an "Act of God" for every infrastructure failure provides great cover for even more budget cuts, shoddy contractors, etc.
Blame God (or by extension the city full of "sinners") often and loudly enough, and people will stop looking for what really happened.
There were a total of 13 Saturn V launches from 1967 to 1973. I'm not sure that even NASA knew *exactly* where the spent stages dropped, as they would have been tumbling down without parachutes, and no need for recovery beacons as used with the shuttle SRBs.
Once the engines are raised, the serial numbers will tell what mission they came from, assuming the serial numbers have survived 40 years on the ocean floor.
All of us were questioned by the judge in reference to our ability to deliberate based solely on the facts as presented, and he was satisfied with our ability to do by not excusing any of us himself.
It was the counsel for one side (the prosecution) that seemed to be trying to "dumb down" the jury pool, presumably because the expert testimony being planned by the defense was stronger than whatever he had planned on his side.
Slashdot Mirror
"Which is the greater crime, to rob a bank or to own one?" --Bertold Brecht
Hey, you cant spell "geek" without "EE"...:)
The exploding rectifier was probably due to oversized caps, too. The caps look like a short circuit until they charge, so the inrush current through the diodes could easily be hundreds or even thousands of amps depending on how stout the transformer feeding them is.
If you really want huge filter caps (which weren't typically used in tube gear), you need to have some kind of "step-start" circuit in the transformer primary to limit the initial charging current surge.
The tube on the AOpen mobo was a 6DJ8/6922, not a 12AX7.
The 6DJ8 is also a dual triode, but it has much higher transconductance because it is a frame grid design. Those tubes were widely used as input amplifiers in vintage Tektronix scopes because of their low noise and high linearity.
The big holdout preventing TV sets from going solid state (besides the CRT) was actually a simple diode tube--the high voltage rectifier. Because of the very high voltages required (up to 25-30 kV in a 25" color set), long series strings of (first) selenium or (later) silicon diodes were needed to replace the humble 1B3, 1X2 or 3A3 tube. Early solid state HV rectifier stacks were expensive and unreliable, compared to a tube that cost a buck or so and often outlasted the rest of the set.
MANY sets (particularly early small-screen Japanese sets) were all solid state except for the HV rectifier tube. Larger sets still retained tubes for high power sweep stages for a few more years, until transistors improved enough to meet the demands of the application.
The decommissioning work done to prepare the shuttles for museum display rendered them beyond any practical ability to return to service. Large parts of the internal structure were chopped out to remove contaminated fuel tanks, etc. It would likely be faster and cheaper to build a new shuttle than to try to fly one of the museum display orbiters again.
Add in the fact that the supply chain for things like external tanks and other shuttle parts was dismantled several years ago, and many of the specialized jigs and fixtures sold off for scrap.
And of course, we can always trust the MANUFACTURERS of ATM machines to be free from any political influence, as well, right?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diebold
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Election_Solutions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_O'Dell
Would he suggest regulating programming languages, compilers, etc. as "cyber weapons precursors"? After all, certain chemicals and nuclear materials are strictly watched because they can be used to create chemical or nuclear weapons, right?
Talmud was written at a time when non-Jews were pagans whose rituals would be disgusting by modern standards...
As opposed to mutilating the end of an infant boy's penis, then giving him a "ritual blowjob"?
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2005/08/cut_it_off.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_FDIV_bug/
If you repair some electrical device for someone else, and at some point down the line it starts a fire or electrocutes someone, you could easily be held liable here in the US, whether your repair had anything to do with it or not. And half-assed repairs done by well-meaning but untrained people are just BEGGING for trouble. From the NYT article (emphasis mine):
When Mr. van den Akker put the iron back together, two parts were left over â" no matter, he said, they were probably not that important. He plugged the frayed cord into a socket. A green light went on. Rusty water poured out. Finally, it began to steam.
Actual repair shops carry insurance for such eventualities, but random folks at a "repair cafe" wouldn't.
, with lots of preassembled PC boards and the like. The last few TV kits they offered (after Zenith bought them out), were simply a Zenith "System 3" set with all of the modules shipped loose. Spend 30 minutes snapping boards into place and plugging a few cables in, and you had the same exact set you could have bought already assembled for $100 cheaper from the local appliance store.
Your FM tuner was most likely the same kind of deal, a commercial model sold without the "final assembly".
Using other company's designs probably dictated the preassembled nature of the product. Heathkit's older, original designs were made so that kits like TV sets or FM tuners could be aligned and tested after assembly using only rudimentary equipment that the typical hobbyist would have access to. The TV sets included built-in test pattern generators for performing the convergence setup, etc. The commercial designs were made to be aligned using automatic test equipment on an assembly line, so having the home builder do it was simply not feasible any more.
Heroin is NOT naturally occurring, though. Morphine is.
Heroin is made synthetically by attaching a couple of acetyl groups to the morphine molecule.
Ferroresonant transformers are a good solution for voltage regulation (where the incoming line voltage varies outside the acceptable range), but they can produce unacceptable waveform distortion (and excessive losses) when underloaded. They work best with relatively constant loads, which a whole-house residential application IS NOT.
They're cheaper than those new "transistors" too. I can put an array of tubes together for much cheaper than you can put transistors on a board.
Where are you buying your tubes? One thing tubes definitely aren't these days is CHEAP...
Only in the US has the word "libertarian" been co-opted by the free-market uber alles, Ayn Rand worshiping, "I've got mine so fuck you!" crowd.
In the rest of the world, the word "libertarianism" is quite similar in meaning to "anarchism". In fact, many anarchists (including Noam Chomsky) use the term "libertarian socialism" to describe their philosophy, as the term "anarchism" has been tainted with connotations of rioting, looting, burning police cars, and punk-rock wannabees.
http://www.speedcam.co.uk/gatso2.htm
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/sep/07/transport.ukcrime
We're still the tops at bombing the shit out of smaller countries with only moderately effective defenses.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDw-zFFhFgc
Looks like he's trying to serve webpages with a mechanical CPU or something....
If things keep going this way, maybe in a few years when a levee breaks it would not be because of bad engineering/maintenance, but because "that city was full of sinners and God punished them"
Which would suit most politicians (be they religious nutjobs or not) just fine. After all, blaming an "Act of God" for every infrastructure failure provides great cover for even more budget cuts, shoddy contractors, etc.
Blame God (or by extension the city full of "sinners") often and loudly enough, and people will stop looking for what really happened.
Is there anything that ZnO can't do?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLp4DZmPqYE
Well, the ascent stages DID crash back to the moon after the crew redocked with the CSM, then jettisoned the ascent stage.
They didn't end up back at the landing sites, though.
There were a total of 13 Saturn V launches from 1967 to 1973. I'm not sure that even NASA knew *exactly* where the spent stages dropped, as they would have been tumbling down without parachutes, and no need for recovery beacons as used with the shuttle SRBs.
Once the engines are raised, the serial numbers will tell what mission they came from, assuming the serial numbers have survived 40 years on the ocean floor.
All of us were questioned by the judge in reference to our ability to deliberate based solely on the facts as presented, and he was satisfied with our ability to do by not excusing any of us himself.
It was the counsel for one side (the prosecution) that seemed to be trying to "dumb down" the jury pool, presumably because the expert testimony being planned by the defense was stronger than whatever he had planned on his side.
http://www.spreadingsantorum.com/