If your company turned on Terminal Server, chances are they got you. Did you get a MS OFFICE license for each employee? Oh, they work at home? Did you get your WAH or HUP licenses?
Company employees remotely access a corporate network from home, using desktops that they own. While dialed in, the employees use Terminal Services to access Microsoft Office on a corporate-owned server. A Microsoft Office license for the version of Microsoft Office running on the server is required for the home desktop in this scenario. The company can enable this scenario by purchasing Work At Home (WAH) Licenses for the employees’ home desktops. Customers with active Software Assurance can also acquire Home Use Program (HUP) licenses for their employees’ home desktops. Please contact a Microsoft licensing specialist or Microsoft Volume Licensing Partner for more information about “Work at Home” and ”Home Use Program” options available for Microsoft Office.
I really like Terminal Server, I really do. But a company would almost have to have a lawyer on staff that did nothing but try to find out if they were staying legal with their terminal server. Is an on-staff lawyer figured into the TCO for Windows???
Yes, I thought Frozenbyte was #2. I guess I have purchased all of them to date.
-=-=-=-=
General questions about the Humble Frozenbyte Bundle Very important notes
The games may NOT run on Intel integrated graphics solutions (on Windows/Mac/Linux - there are some exceptions thanks to recent driver work and new hardware. Generally, the latest hardware (i3/i5/i7 CPUs and their integrated graphics chips) are ok, old hardware is most likely not. The 2011 MacBook Pro 13" models will run the games.
Mac versions of the Shadowgrounds games require Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard. They will NOT work on Leopard (10.5.8). Sorry! Mac version of Trine works on Mac OS X 10.5.8 Leopard (and Snow Leopard/Lion of course).
I've purchased bundle 1 and 2, but 2 said up front most of the games wouldn't work with on-board video cards. Off hand, I couldn't find anything about this on this bundle. Anyone know if these games will work on intel on-board video cards?
I bought 2 anyway, just to support them. But it would be nice if they worked on all my machines.
mp3.com bought a huge library of CDs and ripped them. The user put a CD in their CD-ROM and "beamed" it to the digital locker. So the end-user didn't have to rip or upload music, only show proof they owned the CD.
Consumers have a right to format shift...but making a business out of format shifting for the consumer hasn't held up very well in the courts. Look at the people who edit the bad parts out of DVDs. They were selling a legal DVD to the person and then giving them an edited version. Seems totally legal if the consumer bought a shrink-wrapped DVD, but they lost in court, even though the consumer has a legal right to format shift.
It's just hard for the little guy to win when the other side has an army of lawyers and the judge hardly has a clue about technical matters like this.
But anyway, the Google and Amazon are just offering storage space and letting end users upload legally purchased -- wink wink -- mp3s.
The cleanup is the Internet combined with the plethora of free licenses to choose from, and an large number of people willing to do work and give it away for free. Nobody is putting a gun to anyone's head, but the people paying the patent and copyright lawyers...their products have to compete with the free stuff, which is getting increasingly more sophisticated.
In the past, someone could make free chairs and stick them by the side of the road, but it didn't cut into Wal-Mart's chair sales that much. With the Internet, free has global reach and the products produced are getting very similar in quality. Back in the day, MP3.com had a lot of crap on it, but it also had some really great music sitting there for free, and it wasn't even a copyright violation.
The big guys can waste a lot of money on patent lawyers to fight free, but that just raises the price of their products.
I don't run an anti-virus because it slows the PC down. I have a good system worked out. I have a KVM switch with Windows on one PC and Linux on the other PC. I use Windows for my programs that won't run on Linux, and Linux to get on the Net with. I keep the amount of important stuff to a minimum on Windows, so I can reinstall easily if needed.
My windows runs very fast even on a PC with mediocre specs, and I go for years without trouble on it, though I won't say I have never had any viruses.
Now my kids, they can touch a Windows machine and, between facebook and free mp3 downloaders, have a virus on it in five minutes. I cringe when I see them on my windows machine.
If there is no URL bar, you search on google and click on the first link that comes up. Lots of people do this. But not everyone.
First way == no tracking. Second way == stats for Google that could be sold to someone...and it went from old people who don't understand URLs, to *everyone* because there is no longer a URL bar.
It doesn't benefit anyone but Google and other search engines. Of course Google wants you to have to search for where you want to go.
Well, anyone who has any knowledge of how the Internet works knew that there wasn't enough bandwidth for everyone to stream at the same time because the ISP business mode was based on overselling bandwidth. Plain and simple.
So everyone gets mad to find out that "unlimited" didn't really mean unlimited. And then everyone gets mad when they stop calling it "unlimited" and actually telling people it is capped. You can please some of the people some of the time, but...
Let me state how much I hate phone companies right now. But start your own ISP and see how expensive it would be to get unlimited, dedicated bandwidth to every last one of your subscribers at the same time 24/7...and do so for 19.95 or 29.95 a month. I've worked at a WISP and it's a whole different ballgame when you are on the other side of the table. Especially when you have investor's money and they are expecting a return on their investment.
I think there is some room here for forced hostile takeovers. Say an open source consortium forms and a pool is created to buy a company and release its code.
Forget old and failed stuff. I think the first target should be quickbooks.
Yes. You have a legal right to format shift. A company does not have the legal right to format shift for you. I don't totally agree with that but will admit it is in a gray area.
That doesn't mean they are going about it the same way. They may pay for some type of license. MP3.com did not. Mp3.com paid a lot to lawyers that told them it was legal since format shifting was legal. This did not hold up in court. Eventually, MP3.com sued the law firm for the bad advice they were given. Never heard the results.
Again, it sounds the same, but that doesn't mean it is the same.
...You want to win elections, you bang on the jailable class. You build prisons and fill them with people for selling dime bags and stealing CD players. But for stealing a billion dollars? For fraud that puts a million people into foreclosure? Pass. It's not a crime. Prison is too harsh. Get them to say they're sorry, and move on. Oh, wait — let's not even make them say they're sorry. -- Rolling Stones
Proposed solution would not rebuild the Net, it would work over it. What would be cool is if these boxes had Ethernet over power lines built in with intelligent peering. Everyone on the same leg of a electrical circuit automatically peers with others and it builds a network. Tricky part would be a "backbone" to connect segments not on the same electrical circuit that won't connect...and do so not using the Internet (or wireless)...and be able to do so with the hardware limitations of a plug in server.
Everyone in an apartment building or with close neighbors could plug in a server and connect into the "grid," it really would bypass the Net. And speeds would be pretty darn good if the peer was close to you. Backbones, that's the killer weak spot.
I started putting copies of Open Office on computers I worked on or when people asked me for a copy of office. Most people are happy with it, outside of a friend who was a medical transcriptionist and had some special apps that were tied into MS Office.
Back in the day, whenever I set up a new computer, the first disk I reached for after the OS install was MS Office. Things have changed so much now that I can hardly remember the last time I fired up a word processor and actually used it. If it wasn't for the occasional spreadsheet at work, I could easily do without any office suite. I can now put together a new PC for myself and it is months before I realize I didn't install any type of "office" software on it.
And even the spreadsheets we use at work now, I'm in the process of migrating to a database with a web-based front end.
Times change and this is one area that changed a lot. And Open Office works pretty well for the light duty things still hanging around.
What if they offered a "top level domain name" and resolved only this domain with a browser plugin...and by IP address if the browser did not have the plugin?
It has gotten to the point that a lot of people do not type in URLs anymore anyway, they do a search and click on the first link. I despise this, but I have gotten so used to searching google that I sometimes do it without even thinking about it.
This would totally take the steam out of someone trying to swipe any names on this "domain," and the web site would still be available to a large percentage of the Internet.
If it were to take off, it would even give people more of a reason to visit google. They could advertise, "all of the Internet, and then some."
A cool TLD name, and people might even pay for a name on it.
Google has already started testing alternative DNS servers, which I guess would operate somewhat like OpenDNS. What they need to do is start its own top level domain and offer DNS resolution to this domain.
Sites on this domain are indexed in with everything else, no special treatment. When someone searches and a result is displayed, clicking on mytorrent.goo resolves for people using google's DNS servers or puts an IP address in URL for those that aren't.
Possibly a browser plugin that would make everything transparent. Kind of like new.net...BUT WITHOUT THE FREAKING MALWARE.
New.net had a good idea if only they hadn't managed to come off looking like the Russian mafia attempting to install spyware on your computer. That and issuing competing top level domains such as.xxx
If google did this, but only with a good top level domain, I think they could pull it off. And good luck getting them to pull web sites without the proper authority to do it...
Heck, they might even could sell domain names for a fair price and people might actually buy them.
Original intent was a balanced trade off. If you read what they actually intended, it was a limited artificial monopoly that benefited the creater, and then it was released to the public domain to benefit society. It was a win/win situation.
The original intent has been destroyed by Mickey Mouse and a lot of money.
I say steal them blind...after a limited time, of course! We are just taking our half of the deal back...by force rather than by law.
laboratoryequipment.com — Switching from a low-fat, plant-based diet to one high in fat and sugar alters the collection of microbes living in the gut in less than a day, with obesity-linked microbes suddenly thriving, according to new research at Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis. The study was based on transplants of human intestinal microbes into germ-free mice.
Further, by sequencing the microbial DNA, the researchers determined that mice on the high-fat, high-sugar diet had a greater representation of microbial genes devoted to breaking down and processing simple sugars and other components of a western diet. They also showed these genes were activated in the mice eating the unhealthy diet.
Interestingly, when the researchers transplanted the gut microbial communities of humanized obese mice to germ-free mice, the recipient mice gained weight and fat, even though they ate a low-fat, plant-based diet. The researchers also showed that gut microbes and their genes can be passed on from generation to generation, suggesting that it is possible for mothers to pass their microbial communities to their children.
Umm, no its not. I've followed alternative medicine and alternative treatments for years. They can do a (real scientific) study for a certain cancer treatment and have astonishing results, but if you get cancer and go to the doctor, your treatment will be...radiation or chemo.
Research may be about to undergo a paradigm shift, but new, actual treatments, seem to run many years behind, if they see the light of day at all.
And no kidding, what they have just discovered, people in alternative medicine have known for decades. And for being right, they got called quacks.
Need proof? Read Enzyme Nutrition, by Dr. Edward Howell:
Dr. Howell is often called the "father of food enzymes." During the '30's and'40's of this century, he did incredible research to prove that food enzymes were an essential nutrient, and that cooking and processing of foods destroy them, thereby creating dramatic changes in our ability to digest food and remain healthy. This is a classic in the field.
> They are, therefore, intimately involved in the bodily functions that tend to be out of kilter in modern society
Antibiotics kill off all the bacteria, good and bad. Cooking and over processing kill off natural enzymes that would help digest the food.
The flip side of that is, nobody wanted new hardware because it was coming with Vista on it. PC makers must have hated Vista a lot more than us, because I know many people who waited to upgrade old hardware because they didn't want Vista. Unlike Vista, I generally hear good things about Windows 7.
I'm still building new computers with XP or Linux on them (or dual boot). With hardware that Vista ran doggy on, XP runs like a bat out of hell. A 55.00 dollar single-core processor and a couple of gigs of RAM and XP will do what large numbers of people want it to do.
And I hate to say this, but look at the prices of Vista and Windows 7. The computer savy people I know have a copy of Windows XP Pro Corporate that they can install on anything without worrying about WGA or activation. They don't have that option with Windows 7, so XP and Linux still look good. It is very easy to build a very nice, very fast PC in the 300.00 range...until you start adding in the cost of Windows 7.
Realistically, that could make XP stay around a little longer and make Linux start to eat into their market a little more.
And it will be a fine day for Linux when there are no longer any corporate editions of Windows anything available!
(AP) Polio, the dreaded paralyzing disease stamped out in the industrialized world, is spreading in Nigeria. And health officials say in some cases, it's caused by the vaccine used to fight it.
In July, the World Health Organization issued a warning that this vaccine-spread virus might extend beyond Africa. So far, 124 Nigerian children have been paralyzed this year - about twice those afflicted in 2008.
The polio problem is just the latest challenge to global health authorities trying to convince wary citizens that vaccines can save them from dreaded disease. For years, myths have abounded about vaccines - that they were the Western world's plan to sterilize Africans or give them AIDS. The sad polio reality fuels misguided fears and underscores the challenges authorities face using a flawed vaccine.
Slashdot Mirror
If your company turned on Terminal Server, chances are they got you. Did you get a MS OFFICE license for each employee? Oh, they work at home? Did you get your WAH or HUP licenses?
http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/7/7/17745e4a-5d31-4de4-a416-07c646336d94/desktop_application_with_windows_server_terminal_services.docx
I really like Terminal Server, I really do. But a company would almost have to have a lawyer on staff that did nothing but try to find out if they were staying legal with their terminal server. Is an on-staff lawyer figured into the TCO for Windows???
Yes, I thought Frozenbyte was #2. I guess I have purchased all of them to date.
-=-=-=-=
General questions about the Humble Frozenbyte Bundle Very important notes
The games may NOT run on Intel integrated graphics solutions (on Windows/Mac/Linux - there are some exceptions thanks to recent driver work and new hardware. Generally, the latest hardware (i3/i5/i7 CPUs and their integrated graphics chips) are ok, old hardware is most likely not. The 2011 MacBook Pro 13" models will run the games.
Mac versions of the Shadowgrounds games require Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard. They will NOT work on Leopard (10.5.8). Sorry!
Mac version of Trine works on Mac OS X 10.5.8 Leopard (and Snow Leopard/Lion of course).
I've purchased bundle 1 and 2, but 2 said up front most of the games wouldn't work with on-board video cards. Off hand, I couldn't find anything about this on this bundle. Anyone know if these games will work on intel on-board video cards?
I bought 2 anyway, just to support them. But it would be nice if they worked on all my machines.
mp3.com bought a huge library of CDs and ripped them. The user put a CD in their CD-ROM and "beamed" it to the digital locker. So the end-user didn't have to rip or upload music, only show proof they owned the CD.
Consumers have a right to format shift...but making a business out of format shifting for the consumer hasn't held up very well in the courts. Look at the people who edit the bad parts out of DVDs. They were selling a legal DVD to the person and then giving them an edited version. Seems totally legal if the consumer bought a shrink-wrapped DVD, but they lost in court, even though the consumer has a legal right to format shift.
It's just hard for the little guy to win when the other side has an army of lawyers and the judge hardly has a clue about technical matters like this.
But anyway, the Google and Amazon are just offering storage space and letting end users upload legally purchased -- wink wink -- mp3s.
> NFC uses specialized chips
???
The cleanup is the Internet combined with the plethora of free licenses to choose from, and an large number of people willing to do work and give it away for free. Nobody is putting a gun to anyone's head, but the people paying the patent and copyright lawyers...their products have to compete with the free stuff, which is getting increasingly more sophisticated.
In the past, someone could make free chairs and stick them by the side of the road, but it didn't cut into Wal-Mart's chair sales that much. With the Internet, free has global reach and the products produced are getting very similar in quality. Back in the day, MP3.com had a lot of crap on it, but it also had some really great music sitting there for free, and it wasn't even a copyright violation.
The big guys can waste a lot of money on patent lawyers to fight free, but that just raises the price of their products.
Just to throw this out. Couldn't it also be possible the glass WAS FROM EARTH?
.
I don't run an anti-virus because it slows the PC down. I have a good system worked out. I have a KVM switch with Windows on one PC and Linux on the other PC. I use Windows for my programs that won't run on Linux, and Linux to get on the Net with. I keep the amount of important stuff to a minimum on Windows, so I can reinstall easily if needed.
My windows runs very fast even on a PC with mediocre specs, and I go for years without trouble on it, though I won't say I have never had any viruses.
Now my kids, they can touch a Windows machine and, between facebook and free mp3 downloaders, have a virus on it in five minutes. I cringe when I see them on my windows machine.
If you type in a URL, you just go there.
If there is no URL bar, you search on google and click on the first link that comes up. Lots of people do this. But not everyone.
First way == no tracking. Second way == stats for Google that could be sold to someone...and it went from old people who don't understand URLs, to *everyone* because there is no longer a URL bar.
It doesn't benefit anyone but Google and other search engines. Of course Google wants you to have to search for where you want to go.
Maybe why we were given a Republic by the Founders...if we could keep it.
Well, anyone who has any knowledge of how the Internet works knew that there wasn't enough bandwidth for everyone to stream at the same time because the ISP business mode was based on overselling bandwidth. Plain and simple.
So everyone gets mad to find out that "unlimited" didn't really mean unlimited. And then everyone gets mad when they stop calling it "unlimited" and actually telling people it is capped. You can please some of the people some of the time, but...
Let me state how much I hate phone companies right now. But start your own ISP and see how expensive it would be to get unlimited, dedicated bandwidth to every last one of your subscribers at the same time 24/7...and do so for 19.95 or 29.95 a month. I've worked at a WISP and it's a whole different ballgame when you are on the other side of the table. Especially when you have investor's money and they are expecting a return on their investment.
I think there is some room here for forced hostile takeovers. Say an open source consortium forms and a pool is created to buy a company and release its code.
Forget old and failed stuff. I think the first target should be quickbooks.
Yes. You have a legal right to format shift. A company does not have the legal right to format shift for you. I don't totally agree with that but will admit it is in a gray area.
That doesn't mean they are going about it the same way. They may pay for some type of license. MP3.com did not. Mp3.com paid a lot to lawyers that told them it was legal since format shifting was legal. This did not hold up in court. Eventually, MP3.com sued the law firm for the bad advice they were given. Never heard the results.
Again, it sounds the same, but that doesn't mean it is the same.
...You want to win elections, you bang on the jailable class. You build prisons and fill them with people for selling dime bags and stealing CD players. But for stealing a billion dollars? For fraud that puts a million people into foreclosure? Pass. It's not a crime. Prison is too harsh. Get them to say they're sorry, and move on. Oh, wait — let's not even make them say they're sorry. -- Rolling Stones
.
Proposed solution would not rebuild the Net, it would work over it. What would be cool is if these boxes had Ethernet over power lines built in with intelligent peering. Everyone on the same leg of a electrical circuit automatically peers with others and it builds a network. Tricky part would be a "backbone" to connect segments not on the same electrical circuit that won't connect...and do so not using the Internet (or wireless)...and be able to do so with the hardware limitations of a plug in server.
Everyone in an apartment building or with close neighbors could plug in a server and connect into the "grid," it really would bypass the Net. And speeds would be pretty darn good if the peer was close to you. Backbones, that's the killer weak spot.
A budget shortfall as high as $25 billion is projected as lawmakers head into the 2011 legislative session,
Nice to know they have money to burn to spy on me...
I started putting copies of Open Office on computers I worked on or when people asked me for a copy of office. Most people are happy with it, outside of a friend who was a medical transcriptionist and had some special apps that were tied into MS Office.
Back in the day, whenever I set up a new computer, the first disk I reached for after the OS install was MS Office. Things have changed so much now that I can hardly remember the last time I fired up a word processor and actually used it. If it wasn't for the occasional spreadsheet at work, I could easily do without any office suite. I can now put together a new PC for myself and it is months before I realize I didn't install any type of "office" software on it.
And even the spreadsheets we use at work now, I'm in the process of migrating to a database with a web-based front end.
Times change and this is one area that changed a lot. And Open Office works pretty well for the light duty things still hanging around.
What if they offered a "top level domain name" and resolved only this domain with a browser plugin...and by IP address if the browser did not have the plugin?
It has gotten to the point that a lot of people do not type in URLs anymore anyway, they do a search and click on the first link. I despise this, but I have gotten so used to searching google that I sometimes do it without even thinking about it.
This would totally take the steam out of someone trying to swipe any names on this "domain," and the web site would still be available to a large percentage of the Internet.
If it were to take off, it would even give people more of a reason to visit google. They could advertise, "all of the Internet, and then some."
A cool TLD name, and people might even pay for a name on it.
Google has already started testing alternative DNS servers, which I guess would operate somewhat like OpenDNS. What they need to do is start its own top level domain and offer DNS resolution to this domain.
Sites on this domain are indexed in with everything else, no special treatment. When someone searches and a result is displayed, clicking on mytorrent.goo resolves for people using google's DNS servers or puts an IP address in URL for those that aren't.
Possibly a browser plugin that would make everything transparent. Kind of like new.net...BUT WITHOUT THE FREAKING MALWARE.
New.net had a good idea if only they hadn't managed to come off looking like the Russian mafia attempting to install spyware on your computer. That and issuing competing top level domains such as .xxx
If google did this, but only with a good top level domain, I think they could pull it off. And good luck getting them to pull web sites without the proper authority to do it...
Heck, they might even could sell domain names for a fair price and people might actually buy them.
Yeah, if they were really serious about ending terror, they should nuke Redmond
Original intent was a balanced trade off. If you read what they actually intended, it was a limited artificial monopoly that benefited the creater, and then it was released to the public domain to benefit society. It was a win/win situation.
The original intent has been destroyed by Mickey Mouse and a lot of money.
I say steal them blind...after a limited time, of course! We are just taking our half of the deal back...by force rather than by law.
Gut Bacteria Causes Weight Gain
http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/News-gut-bacteria-causes-weight-gain-111209.aspx?xmlmenuid=51
laboratoryequipment.com — Switching from a low-fat, plant-based diet to one high in fat and sugar alters the collection of microbes living in the gut in less than a day, with obesity-linked microbes suddenly thriving, according to new research at Washington Univ. School of Medicine in St. Louis. The study was based on transplants of human intestinal microbes into germ-free mice.
Further, by sequencing the microbial DNA, the researchers determined that mice on the high-fat, high-sugar diet had a greater representation of microbial genes devoted to breaking down and processing simple sugars and other components of a western diet. They also showed these genes were activated in the mice eating the unhealthy diet.
Interestingly, when the researchers transplanted the gut microbial communities of humanized obese mice to germ-free mice, the recipient mice gained weight and fat, even though they ate a low-fat, plant-based diet. The researchers also showed that gut microbes and their genes can be passed on from generation to generation, suggesting that it is possible for mothers to pass their microbial communities to their children.
Umm, no its not. I've followed alternative medicine and alternative treatments for years. They can do a (real scientific) study for a certain cancer treatment and have astonishing results, but if you get cancer and go to the doctor, your treatment will be...radiation or chemo.
Research may be about to undergo a paradigm shift, but new, actual treatments, seem to run many years behind, if they see the light of day at all.
And no kidding, what they have just discovered, people in alternative medicine have known for decades. And for being right, they got called quacks.
Need proof? Read Enzyme Nutrition, by Dr. Edward Howell:
Dr. Howell is often called the "father of food enzymes." During the '30's and'40's of this century, he did incredible research to prove that food enzymes were an essential nutrient, and that cooking and processing of foods destroy them, thereby creating dramatic changes in our ability to digest food and remain healthy. This is a classic in the field.
> They are, therefore, intimately involved in the bodily functions that tend to be out of kilter in modern society
Antibiotics kill off all the bacteria, good and bad. Cooking and over processing kill off natural enzymes that would help digest the food.
The answers are all there, and have been there.
The flip side of that is, nobody wanted new hardware because it was coming with Vista on it. PC makers must have hated Vista a lot more than us, because I know many people who waited to upgrade old hardware because they didn't want Vista. Unlike Vista, I generally hear good things about Windows 7.
I'm still building new computers with XP or Linux on them (or dual boot). With hardware that Vista ran doggy on, XP runs like a bat out of hell. A 55.00 dollar single-core processor and a couple of gigs of RAM and XP will do what large numbers of people want it to do.
And I hate to say this, but look at the prices of Vista and Windows 7. The computer savy people I know have a copy of Windows XP Pro Corporate that they can install on anything without worrying about WGA or activation. They don't have that option with Windows 7, so XP and Linux still look good. It is very easy to build a very nice, very fast PC in the 300.00 range...until you start adding in the cost of Windows 7.
Realistically, that could make XP stay around a little longer and make Linux start to eat into their market a little more.
And it will be a fine day for Linux when there are no longer any corporate editions of Windows anything available!
> Fuck off with your paranoia and your litigation filled life
Hey buddy, screw you.
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/08/14/health/main5242168.shtml
(AP) Polio, the dreaded paralyzing disease stamped out in the industrialized world, is spreading in Nigeria. And health officials say in some cases, it's caused by the vaccine used to fight it.
In July, the World Health Organization issued a warning that this vaccine-spread virus might extend beyond Africa. So far, 124 Nigerian children have been paralyzed this year - about twice those afflicted in 2008.
The polio problem is just the latest challenge to global health authorities trying to convince wary citizens that vaccines can save them from dreaded disease. For years, myths have abounded about vaccines - that they were the Western world's plan to sterilize Africans or give them AIDS. The sad polio reality fuels misguided fears and underscores the challenges authorities face using a flawed vaccine.