Slashdot Mirror

Phil Shapiro writes "Wink, a beautifully written free program for creating Flash-format animated tutorials has been chosen to receive a Noble Piece Prize, the prize that honors the craftsmanship of Alfred Noble, who worked at the Jacquard Loom factory in France. Previous winners of this prize include the Digital Bicycle web site."

mike slaven writes "In a follow-up to Tuesday's post about Google registering a trademark on the term TrustRank, an article on NewScientist explains how Google plans to track the credibility of news sources. The article also mentions that the patent on TrustRank is not limited to ranking just news stories: 'The patent also reveals that the same system could be roped in to rank other search results, not simply news. So sales and services could in the future be listed on the basis of price and the reputation of the company involved.'"

Nick Irelan writes "Although it most certainly won't be easy, Eben Moglen is attempting to upgrade the GPL. He sees an opportunity to create a version of the GPL that will be able to adequately suit the needs of modern programmers. If they are implemented, his ideas will be the first major change the GPL has experienced since Richard Stallman wrote the original version. Eweek has an amazing article about Moglen's work. Linus Torvalds discussed what he believes should happen to the GPL with Eweek as well."

zib writes "Ever felt a need to peek under the hood of your Skype client? This paper (PDF) explains all the details. Among other issues, it focuses on the NAT capabilities of Skype and audio compression."

An anonymous reader submits "A group of educational leaders in New York City has created a new fiber backbone network off previously layed but unused fiber. Connecting many city NYSERNet members (the Museum of Natural History, CUNY, Mt. Sinai-NYU Medical, Cornell Med., Columbia Med., and Columbia's primary campus), the newly activated backbone connects to Internet2 and commodity Internet and intends to be largely used for video streaming. Original plan info here."

An anonymous reader submits "A group of educational leaders in New York City has created a new fiber backbone network off previously layed but unused fiber. Connecting many city NYSERNet members (the Museum of Natural History, CUNY, Mt. Sinai-NYU Medical, Cornell Med., Columbia Med., and Columbia's primary campus), the newly activated backbone connects to Internet2 and commodity Internet and intends to be largely used for video streaming. Original plan info here."

I spent several hours this week poring through Gordon Laing's beautiful book Digital Retro , and it's one I'm sure to return to at odd moments, the same way I like to flip through old copies of The Whole Earth Catalog. Digital Retro represents years of research into a 14-year stretch of personal computing history, distilling that effort into a work that is graphically appealing, but also an informative, informal historical look at the machines it celebrates (all 40 of them). Depending in part on what year you were born (and at what age computers entered the picture) you may recognize most of these machines, or only a few -- it's an equally fun read either way. Read on for the rest of my review. Digital Retro: The Evolution and Design of the Personal Computer author Gordon Laing pages 192 publisher Sybex rating 9 reviewer timothy ISBN 078214330X summary Eye-candy mixed with a good dose of history, perfect for the library of a modern techno fetishist.

Digital Retro is about personal-use (though not necessarily home-use) machines: there are no PDP11's or mainframes represented, nor devices like the DECWriter, which gave computer access to individuals but required a mainframe or minicomputer in the background. The book covers hardware that was sold at retail (barring the Altair and a few other mail-order-only kit machines), at prices householders could afford for their hobby use, including gaming, or that businesses could afford for their executives and other knowledge workers. All the same, the prices are sure to make you calculate every so often things like how many BogoMIPS could be had today for the $3,250 that a 613KHz HP-85 cost in 1980 -- and those are 1980 dollars. Early adoption has its risks as well as its rewards.

From iconic to obscure

Too many computer makers (and even more computers) came and went in the decade-plus spanned by this book for it to cover all of them; Laing's list of chosen machines is representative rather than comprehensive. More than 30 of the machines came from the The Museum of Computing in Swindon, and despite their age most look like they just popped out of their delivery boxes.

Digital Retro's central section starts out with a MITS Altair, the machine generally considered the first computer practical for a hobbyist to buy. (And the buyer had to be a dedicated hobbyist; the Altair was sold in kit form for home-assembly, and its display was a series of winking lights, its input facilities a row of toggle switches.) "Practical" in the case of the Altair meant affordable and accessible -- there wasn't much of a practical nature for the solder-weary user to actually do with an Altair once it was assembled; the chicken and the egg of availability and usefulness were still fighting it out at this point in computer history. The Altair also has another interesting spot in personal computer history: it provided the first platform for an operating system from Bill Gates and Paul Allen.

(There's an Apple I in homemade wooden raiment snuck into the book's introduction -- an Apple I proved too difficult to find for a full writeup and photoshoot, however, and no Apple II clones made the cut.)

From the Altair to the NeXT cube which caps off the Digital Retro's collection, the 38 machines (and in some cases machine families, such as the MSX computers mentioned below) are presented in order of appearance. The book presents too many interesting machines to give each a proper summary, but here are a few to whet your appetite:

• The Sharp MZ-80K (December, 1978) -- with its 10" screen and built-in drive (tape drive, though -- the 3.5" diskette wasn't invented yet), the MZ-80K seems ahead of its time; the choice of a Zilog Z80 processor didn't do much for its longevity as a business system, though; Z80 systems were soon eclipsed by other choices.
• The GCE/MB Vectrex (June, 1982) -- the only video game system I really wanted as a kid, and one of the seeming few I've never encountered used in thrift stores. Bright vector graphics, built-in screen and a quality joystick gave it the same kind of appeal that the arcade-console versions of Asteroids and Battlezone had for me.
• The Jupiter ACE (September, 1982) -- an impossibly simply looking machine, a terraced slab of white plastic with a minimalist typewriter layout (just 40 grey keys). The ACE was aimed at programmer-hobbyists, though, like the similar-looking Sinclair ZX-80, but the ACE ran a version of FORTH and had raised keys rather than the Sinclair's flat membrane.
• The Sinclair QL (January, 1984) -- one of which, Laing notes, was Linus Torvalds' machine (between a VIC-20 and the 386 with which Torvalds started a quaint Unix-like operating system).

Game consoles are also well represented; six dedicated game machines, starting with the Atari VCS (1977) are included; a whole book could be devoted to consoles, but the ones chosen for Digital Retro (besides Atari and the Vectrex mentioned above, the others come from Colleco, Mattel, Nintendo, Sega) are an eclectic bunch, and a good use of space.

Because Laing is based in the UK, the book features quite a few machines that most Americans have probably never encountered in person, like the Acorn Atom, the Dragon 32 (a Welsh-made near-clone of the Tandy TRS-80) and the Grundy NewBrain. If this book had been an American production, many of these UK-made machines might have gone overlooked.

No incentive to work together

In the wilder days of the personal computer's adolescence, the quest for compatibility and standardization among machines was anything but a top priority -- and when it was a factor at all, it was usually about software compatibility between sibling computers (like the TI 99/4 and its 99/4A successor) or at most within a single model line.

As the book's back cover points out, "Compatibility? Forget it! Each of these computers was its own machine and had no intention of talking to anything else." An overstatement, but not much of one.

Laing covers an intriguing exception to this one-off philosophy, a multi-manufacturer line of machines that appeared in 1983 (starting a 5-year run), sharing a Zilog processor and adherence to an early Microsoft attempt at standardization called MSX. Mostly-compatible machines were launched by JVC, Hitachi, Sony (a name that didn't pop up in the American computer market for quite a few more years) and 18 other Japanese manufacturers as well as SpectraVideo, the only non-Japanese maker. Each manufacturer tweaked their entries in the line to distinguish themselves, adding features like (in Pioneer's case) control of laser-disc players. The differences soon rendered the attempt at standardization moot, and the MSX standard fell from grace. And if you're wondering what MSX stands for, you'll have to choose from the three possibilities listed: I prefer "Matsushita Sony X, where X could stand for any other company."

Get a good look

The photographs dominate; they give external views of each machine from several angles, over two two-page spreads apiece. (The pictures are well-chosen, but not exhaustive: there are no shots from the underside, and in only a few cases are internals exposed. Don't expect to replicate the innards of an Altair from the photographs.) You can make out what sort of ports each device provided, see what kind of display it used in most cases, and look at the included input peripherals. (Many of these machines, though, were hooked to televisions, and only the main unit and its input devices are pictured.)

Speaking of peripherals, one of the nice things about a photo book like this is for the mugshots it provides of unique physical arrangements tried by computer manufacturers: the integrated tape drive of the black-clad Amstrad CPC-464 (which sits to the right of the keyboard) makes it one of the most interesting to me; it sure is a lot neater arrangement than the cassette drive linked messily to the family C64 in the early '80s.

Besides the photographs, though, the spreads devoted to each computer provide a compact history of the machine, list its country of origin, and give a rundown of the most important specs (processor type and available I/O ports).

Practical Upshot

Digital Retro is a coffee-table book which happens to have quite a bit of interesting history, not a deep historical text. For each machine displayed, though, a chunk of text titled "What happened next" gives an idea of what developments each one led to (or prevented); some of these are only a paragraph or two, others are mini-essays in themselves. If you crave more technical and historical details, Laing's book makes an excellent companion volume to narrative-centric books which cover the same period of computer history though, like Fire in the Valley and Steven Levy's Hackers. It's a perfect way to appreciate the aesthetic appeal (and exuberant variety) of personal computers from the mid '70s to the late '80s.

You can purchase Digital Retro from bn.com. Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews. To see your own review here, carefully read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.

ValourX writes "By now most of you have heard of the copyright infringement and code theft claims involving the Mambo content management system and businessman Brian Connolly. Legal questions have been raised, guesses have been made, commentary has flowed forth, and everyone involved in the dispute has had their fifteen minutes to relay their sad tale of injustice. Now it is time for the facts, and NewsForge can definitively say, based on material and quotes from Larry Rosen, Dan Ravicher, and Eben Moglen, that Connolly's legal threats against innocent Mambo users are baseless. Part of the new information in this article reveals that the SCO Group helped Brian Connolly by giving him some media contacts. NewsForge is part of OSTG, like Slashdot."

Iphtashu Fitz writes "The journal Nature Medicine is due to release a report today on how highly drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis are on the verge of becoming a global epidimic. Strains of TB that are highly resistant to antibiotics are becoming increasingly prevalent in places like Russia, eastern Europe, and China, and only small changes are required to make these strains start spreading quickly. Treatment for multiple-drug-resistant strains of TB requires a carefully monitored cocktail of drugs taken for months on end, a regimin that many, especially in poorer countries are unlikely to follow to completion. The strategy used by the World Health Organization to combat TB, the "directly observed treatment, short course" or DOTS, involves using trained health workers to watch patients take their long courses of drugs, since even a little carelessness could result in TB mutating into a more drug resistant form within the patient." Oh, Alexander Fleming ^? where art thou now?

petra13 writes "A high point of the Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems conference this past week was Kurt Dresner and Peter Stone's paper 'Multiagent Traffic Management: A Reservation-Based Intersection Control Mechanism.' They designed an automated system where cars reserve a time to pass through an intersection as they approach it and are then sped up or slowed down to ensure their arrival at exactly the right time. This allows traffic to enter the intersection from all directions simultaneously, eliminating the need for traffic lights and considerably reducing delays caused by stopping traffic. On their website, you can find Java applet simulations to illustrate the system. Especially impressive looking is the six lanes of heavy traffic in all directions simulation. I would love to see this in real life (from a safe distance of course)."

Scoria writes "USA Today reports: Scientists have discovered that Lake Vostok, a liquid freshwater lake which has been isolated from the world beneath 4 km of ice for approximately 500,000 years, contains two separate basins. They believe that the basins, which are divided by a ridge that limits water exchange, may host individual ecosystems that are home to ancient microbes."

Simon Bates writes "The University of Toronto's KMDI is hosting a conference to debate the future of open source models of development in software and beyond, addressing how this movement will affect the way we work, learn and stay healthy. Among the 30 speakers will be Eben Moglen, Columbia law school professor and legal counsel to the Free Software Foundation, who has recently described free software as: 'a social movement with specific political goals which will characterize not only the production of software in the twenty-first century, but the production and distribution of culture generally'. The conference will be held from May 9th to 11th and will be webcast."

Simon Bates writes "The University of Toronto's KMDI is hosting a conference to debate the future of open source models of development in software and beyond, addressing how this movement will affect the way we work, learn and stay healthy. Among the 30 speakers will be Eben Moglen, Columbia law school professor and legal counsel to the Free Software Foundation, who has recently described free software as: 'a social movement with specific political goals which will characterize not only the production of software in the twenty-first century, but the production and distribution of culture generally'. The conference will be held from May 9th to 11th and will be webcast."

An Ominous Cow Erred writes "Spacedaily.com reports on the use of the fantastic Kermit "program" being used to communicate with devices on the international space station. While the article's author doesn't seem to have a quite perfect grasp on what Kermit is (and effuses about how Kermit is being used to help war-torn Bosnia and advance AIDS research) it brought a smile to my face to imagine the old protocol from my BBS days (which was scorned in favor of Zmodem) being used on the greatest technological achievement of humankind."

fatarfy writes "USA Today among others has an article discussing tonight's presentation of Brian Greene's Elegant Universe, which discusses String Theory. It airs on PBS. From the article: 'The two segments of the show turn their spotlights on a crisis in physics, one invisible to the general public but increasingly embarrassing to the discipline. Simply put, Einstein's unbelievably accurate explanation of gravity, known as general relativity, is completely out of whack with the equally accurate explanation of electromagnetism, radioactivity and atomic forces known as quantum mechanics. The theories are mankind's most fundamental views of verifiable reality, and the disagreement means that something important about the universe eludes our understanding.' Sounds like it's worth watching."

fldvm writes "The Earth Institute at Columbia University says that the rocky mountains are more responsible than the gulf stream for mild winters in Europe. See the press release, or google cache. The long held assumption had been that the warm water of the Gulf stream makes Western Europe warmer than Canada and and other parts at the same latitude. The researchers said that with computer models they removed the Gulf Stream and Europe stayed warm but when they flattened the mountains over North America the Eastern US was warmer and Europe was colder. "

Columbia Law School professor Eben Moglen has been the Free Software Foundation's (pro bono) general counsel since 1993. He's also involved with the Electronic Frontier Foundation and has been mentioned on Slashdot a number of times because of his participation in these groups and some of the worthy causes they support, as well as other freedom-related matters. One question per post, please. We'll run Prof. Moglen's answers to 10 of the highest-moderated questions as soon as he gets them back to us.

"Zow" asks: "I've been looking into a P2P web-caching scheme and noticed that Squid already has the underpinnings for this using multicast, which seems like a reasonable way to do P2P requests. Reasonable, except for the fact that all my web searches for multicast in general and the MBone in particular mostly turn up sites more than 3 years old. Even the MBone FAQ was pulled because it was so old. MBone.com now belongs to a domain squatter. So, what happened? Did everyone give up on Multicast for all practical purposes? Is everyone who was interested in multicast now working on Internet2? Is it only being used for LAN applications? What caused this loss of interest? Cheap bandwidth? Lack of applications? Lack of network support? Unforeseen technical difficulties? Is it still a viable technology for anything?"

suhit writes "Infosync is reporting in this article that Fathammer has finally launched its X-Forge 3D Engine. The screenshots on Infosync are amazing, plus this means that researchers out there can finally port Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash style Metaverse to a handheld device."

leonia asks: "At Columbia University, we are investigating methods and software to automatically deal with sudden, unpredictable load spikes ala the 'Slashdot effect'. We are looking for web sites that have been the 'victim' of this effect who would be willing to share anonymized web logs with us. If you know of a site that went under after it was mentioned on Slashdot or similar site or are the proud owner of such a site, we'd love to talk to you."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

fdc writes: "Web pages are a great source of postal addresses for direct mailers. Judging by some of the addresses we've seen recently, it's evident that the data is harvested not by humans, but by computer programs that scan web pages for names and addresses. Several weeks ago we (the Kermit Project at Columbia University) announced a new release of our Kermit 95 communication software for Windows -- SSH, secure FTP, etc; cousin of C-Kermit for Unix (search Freshmeat). Since this was a major release, we chose a new icon for it: the Columbia crown. A web page explained that this is the emblem of Columbia University: the crown of King George the II of England (1727-1760), who founded Columbia in 1754. JUST ONE WEEK LATER guess who received a postcard from Dell."

scubacuda writes: "Wired.com reports that Columbia's CS Department has designed a new gadget designed to "take the brainwork out of billiards" and help the average player eventually take on professional pool sharks. The Stochasticks consists of a 5-by-10-inch laptop carried in a backpack, a half-centimeter-by-1-inch long lipstick camera and a headset. Pool experts, such as Mike Spinkle, president of United States Poolplayer Association, say that this device makes it easier to visualize the angles."

Kappelmeister writes "The Washington Post has an article about red-light-running and speeding cameras all over D.C. that have issued over half a million citations to date. (Police send you a ticket and photographic proof up to a month after the fact.) Though the cameras successfully reduce dangerous driving and boost the city's revenue, a lot of wrongful citations fall through the cracks and give some that guilty-until-proven-innocent feeling. Once again, how far is too far?" I came across this much more informative investigation of D.C.'s traffic cameras a few weeks ago. It's heavy on facts and figures, and hammers home the observation that an extra second of yellow light is at least as good at promoting good behavior, but much less lucrative for the local government and the contracting firm.

Morty writes "So, why hasn't the GPL been successfully challenged yet? In this article, Eben Moglen, General Counsel to the FSF, explains that the GPL is in a stronger legal position than most licenses. Most licenses restrict the user from doing what would otherwise be legal. Because the GPL (and presumably, other free/open software licenses) let the user do things that are otherwise illegal (copy and redistribute software), the GPL is in a stronger position to dictate terms. If the user doesn't accept the terms of the GPL, the default is for copying and redistribution to be forbidden under copyright law. I had never looked at it that way before. . ."

oily_ants writes "I get sick and tired of reading the same story on different web sites. That's why I like slashdot so much. Good (??) summaries of all of the stuff out there on the net. Now there is a project at Columbia University by the nlp group that attempts to generate computer summaries of all of those news articles on different web sites. The project is called Newsblaster and the summaries are excellent. You can read about the project on regular news sites like Online Journalism Review or USA Today."

oily_ants writes "I get sick and tired of reading the same story on different web sites. That's why I like slashdot so much. Good (??) summaries of all of the stuff out there on the net. Now there is a project at Columbia University by the nlp group that attempts to generate computer summaries of all of those news articles on different web sites. The project is called Newsblaster and the summaries are excellent. You can read about the project on regular news sites like Online Journalism Review or USA Today."

oily_ants writes "I get sick and tired of reading the same story on different web sites. That's why I like slashdot so much. Good (??) summaries of all of the stuff out there on the net. Now there is a project at Columbia University by the nlp group that attempts to generate computer summaries of all of those news articles on different web sites. The project is called Newsblaster and the summaries are excellent. You can read about the project on regular news sites like Online Journalism Review or USA Today."

Steve Baum asks: "I'm thinking of replacing a current tangle of NFS cross-mounted disks with the am-utils system, which maintains a cache of mounted filesystems that are demand-mounted when first referenced and unmounted after a period of inactivity. I was wondering if anyone had used this system in a moderately large (40-50 disks on 10-15 machines) environment and, if so, how efficient and stable they'd found it to be."

woggo queries: "I'm a CS grad student working on a large research project (over 1 million lines of code, supported on many platforms). The project has been under development for several years, and the build system is nontrivial for end-users. We'd like to make it easier to build our software, and I'm investigating the feasibility of migrating to GNU autoconf. I need to demonstrate that the benefits of autoconf outweigh the costs of migrating a large system of makefiles with a lot of ad-hoc kludge-enabling logic. Has anyone made a similar case to their advisor/manager? Does anyone have some good 'autoconfiscation' war stories to share? (I've already seen the Berkeley amd story and the obvious links from a google search....)" Depending on the intricacies of the build process, such a conversion might take an awful lot of work. It might be easier to put a nicer face on the "nontrivial build process", although there is something to be said for the ease of "./configure; make; make install"

bwoodard writes "Over the weekend Duke University Law school held a conference on the public domain which included many well known Free Software advocates such as Lawrence Lessig and Eben Moglen. The papers (in PDF) are presented were quite thought provoking and well worth a read." Timothy brought this conference to our attention on scary halloween.

Mike Schiraldi was the first to write about Dmitry Sklyarov's release from jail, even before it happened: "According to this live report from the courtroom, Dmitri will probably be out of jail real soon now. Of course, he still won't be allowed to leave Northern California, but it's a start ..." Soon after, inaneboy pointed out this Reuters story on yahoo which says that Sklyarov has been released, on 50,000 dollars bail, raised by his employer, ElcomSoft. phalse phace wrote to say that the EFF has just posted an announcement as well as some background.

Tonight, Slashback brings you good news on the Gnome Front, news that's either sobering or annoying on the Passport patrol, and a very useful checklist for those caught outside, simulating space travel, and pretty much alone.

Reconciliation among comics and gnomes. CaptainCarrot writes: "In today's Penny Arcade newspost, Tycho continues the discussion on Scott McCloud's piece on micropayments. He has moderated his tone considerably from his original rant on the subject, and offered his apologies for, as he puts it, having misjudged McCloud. During their phone conversations, the two apparently came to some meeting of the minds. Here's yesterdays Slashback on the topic, and the two prior relevant discussions."

On a similar note, in response to the recent story on Gnome losing its 2.0 package maintainer, an Anonymous Coward wrote:"Here's the first chapter in the rest of the story. In short, the guy who quit, returned."

Perhaps they'll be offering student visas. Mike Schiraldi writes: "MSDN users aren't the only ones who have to use Passport. When i bought a Dell computer this January, it came with a "free" (i.e. included in the price of the machine) year of MSN. I went to set up POP, and found out that MSN no longer supports POP for new subscribers. We have to use a secret Passport protocol that only the new Outlook Express can speak. I fought with customer service, and spoke with many levels of tech support, and believe me, they're not budging."

Is this because a Real Doll would be too heavy? Hanford writes: "Looks like this checklist for a simulated Mars mission includes a few comforts from Earth. Check out the last two items. Remember this is from nasa.gov :)"

And since you won't be on camera nearly as much as the astronauts in the various earth-orbiting devices are, this might be more practical than aloft. Remember those vinyl patches, too.

Craving at least some small bit of followup to old stories? Well, sit comfortably in your thousand-dollar Relax-the-Back recliner and savor a (minor) update on the fabled and hopefully forthcoming Indrema console, again something to chew on regarding deja again, and more.

The name of Gildred's project has me hooked ;) impaler writes: "Looks like Indrema's Game Exchage site is up. There are a number of free and commercial projects already started. Now, when do people get to fjear my insanely low gxc UID of 15 (I was the first non-indrema person added to the database). Seems like they are even closer to becoming a reality (even though the launch date seems to have been pushed back). So, start writing cool games!"

I wrote to Indrema honcho John Gildred recently to inquire about the console's current status, hopefully we'll have an update on that soon. In the meantime, you may prefer to visit the English-language version (kudos, Oliver) of the Linux-on-Playstation petition mentioned shortly ago.

"Whither newsgroups?" is not an idle question. Ronda Hauben wrote to point out her essay newly posted at Telepolis about the recent sale of the Usenet Archives by Deja to Google,Inc. She writes:

"The culture of the online community is based on fostering collaborative activity and online contributions.

How does the technical and research community continue to foster the online contributions and collaboration? Is there any problem having such contributions bought and sold? Is there a way to have nonprofit or academic or research institutions involved in archiving such collaborative contributions like Usenet?"

To read and ponder; hopefully someone at Google will have some things to say as well. And when you're done, check out more at Netizens.

Apropos the former, the following: wdavies writes: "A previous article suggested that Idealab's new company New.net would provide a plug-in -- this article suggests otherwise -- more of a series of deals with large ISP to support the resolution of TLD with private DNS. The article suggests there might also be a plug-in available, but seems to hammer home the point they are planning an end-run around ICANN decision making on TLD's. Interesting, what if they can indeed undermine ICANN's role using commercial pressure ? Good or Bad for the internet ?"

And finally, please don't do this. And getting worse and worse since the last time it was mentioned on Slashdot, Midnight Thunder writes: "There is a great page on how to write unmaintainable code. Now that you have insured that you will keep the job, now for the demands ;-)"

rjinbanff writes: "Very interesting read that details a number of historical events in Computing history (Kermit, EMACS, etc). Self-described as: "A nontechnical reminiscence written in 1988 (on the occasion of unplugging Columbia University's last DECSYSTEM-20) for a Digital Press book that was to commemorate DEC's 36-bit machines with a series of articles, but was never published." Minor edits, notes, glossary, links, and HTML formatting added in January, 2001."

Jeffrey Altman asks: "I'm moving into a new building in the middle of Manhattan which has been wired by RCN and Time Warner. I would have figured that I would have the full selection of choices available to me when choosing Internet access. However, that is far from the truth. Since RCN wired the building for telephone service, Verizon is unable to provide telephone service. This in turn has ruled out the ability to use any DSL service since all of the DSL providers must use Verizon-owned lines. (RCN is not required to allow third parties to use their internal wiring.) I would have prefered DSL, but I am stuck with a choice between RCN and Time Warner. Does anyone have any recommendations for which to choose?"

plasmaj pointed us to this nugget: "Martin Garbus, the lawyer for the EFF in the DeCSS case, will deliver a lecture at Columbia University on Dec. 12 [ed. note: we held this submission until the Webcast was online] entitled The New Digital World: Hackers, Napster, Free Speech, and Piracy: How it Will Change the Entire Communications World Including Entertainment and Education." Garbus is an excellent speaker, discussing DeCSS, SDMI, and a host of other issues familiar to Slashdot readers. Plus, below are Mr. Garbus' responses to our long-ago interview.

1.) Timeline (Score:5, Interesting)
by Walter on 08-17-00 13:55 EST (#7)

"What kind of timeframe can be expected before coming up for review by the Supreme Court? Also, for those that continue to use the software after the Usage portion of the DMCA goes into effect be liable for arrest and prosecution?"

Garbus:

1. We filed yesterday a Notice of Appeal to the Second Circuit. After a decision by the Federal Appeals Court, there is an opportunity to go to the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court can review the Federal Appeals Court and District Court decisions. If we moved it as quickly as possible, we could probably be before the U.S. Supreme Court by the end of this term, which is next summer.


2.) Fair use? (Score:5, Insightful)
by Blue Weirdo on 08-17-00 13:56 EST (#9)

"I have seen the argument made that code is speech and therefore protected by the first amendment which, apparently the judge disagreed with. Around here we have discussed how the DMCA effectively limits or eliminates the concept of "fair use" of digital works by allowing corporations to dictate and restrict exactly how one can access use a copyrighted work. It seems that the only way to make fair use of such a protected work is to break that protection. Doesn't this mean that software like DeCSS is necessary? Isn't there an inherent contradiction between DMCA and previous copyright law? How would/could this be argued in a higher court?"

Garbus:

2. "Fair use" has been with us since the beginning of the 19th century. Judge Kaplan has ruled that Congress could intend to ban fair use, did intend to ban fair use, and that the courts must defer to Congress on this issue. He balanced the value of copyright against the value of the First Amendment, and he found that the copyright holder should prevail. He also found that Eric Corley, a journalist, did not have the right to "report" the DeCSS code.

There is an inherent contradiction between the DMCA and previous copyright law. Judge Kaplan stated that the DMCA, with respect to digital materials, is paramount.


3.) Legislators and Technology (Score:5, Interesting)
by FatouDust on 08-17-00 15:47 EST (#157)

"There are an increasing number of cases in today's courts that deal with technically complex issues, where code is intrinsically a part of the subject matter. Do you feel that the existing legislative and judicial system in the United states is currently capable of dealing with these 'geek' issues? Is there sufficient technical expertise available to be able to create laws and make judgements on issues that require the understanding of intricate lines of code and the nature of the Internet and digital distribution? Or, if laws are being made and upheld by Congress and the courts while lacking technical understanding, what can be done to remedy this?"

Garbus:

3. Traditionally, the law framed the legal status of technology. The law moves slowly, is based on precedent, and seemed able to move either ahead of technologies or at least along with technologies. That is no longer true. It is not just the question of whether there is sufficient expertise to make Congress aware of new realities. Congress acts here and in other cases on behalf of the holders of property, or in this case the copyright holders, against those who advocate fair use or the First Amendment. Copyright holders (the MPAA and RIAA) spent extraordinary sums of money, created false consumer groups that allegedly spoke on behalf of the public but were paid for by the copyright holders' interests. Until such time as Congress is responsive to other interests, the only place where any redress can conceivably be had is in the courts.


4.) Kaplan's view of the defense and its arguments (Score:5, Interesting)
by aiken_d (aiken666@hotmail.com) on 08-17-00 14:00 EST (#26)

"What do you think of Judge Kaplan's characterization of the defendants as "adherents of a movement that believes that information should be available without charge to anyone clever enough to break into the computer systems or data storage media in which it is located."

I'm assuming that you'd take issue with that view of the defense's arguments.

In hindsight, do you see any errors in judgment on the defense that might have caused this (in my opinion) wildly off-base view of the defense?

Going forward, what impact will this characterization have on the appeals process? By my reading (and many others'), the DMCA specifically allows DeCSS by virtue of the interoperability clause. Is there any hope of the case returning to this focus, or has it wandered irretrievably into the socio-political arena?"

Garbus:

4. Kaplan simplified the characterization of the defendants. You should read the testimony of the defense experts. The characterization of Kaplan will, I hope, be changed by the Court of Appeals. When you ask whether a case has "wandered irretrievably into the socio-political arena", the answer is that Congress and the courts are both responsive (but it's difficult) for social movements for change.


5.) Why should I care about this care? (Score:5, Interesting)
by vertical-limit on 08-17-00 14:03 EST (#32)

"This isn't flamebait -- it's a honest question. Why should I, John Q. Public, care about this case? What's in it for me? What would I lose if the MPAA were to ultimately win? What would I gain from a 2600 victory? In other words, please explain why this case should matter to the average American citizen."

Garbus:

5. The case should matter if you are interested in the expansion of creativity. The case should matter if you believe that in an open society, people, with or without degrees, with or without official titles, can make a contribution in the various areas of our lives. Traditionally, people do not care about this. Any survey on the question of whether or not the people feel the First Amendment is important generally shows that most people can live without it; they want to have the right to express their own views, but don't respect the right of other people to express theirs. Translating that value into this case is difficult.


6.) The Defense Team and Openlaw (Score:5, Interesting)
by Jim Tyre (jstyre@jstyre.com) on 08-17-00 14:07 EST (#43)

"As you know, the Openlaw/DVD mail list was a direct outgrowth of continuing discussions on slashdot about the DVD/DeCSS cases.

As someone who has been a practicing First Amendment lawyer for a very long time (22 years), though not as long as you (this is directed to Martin Garbus), I was, at first, highly skeptical of the idea that a group of mostly programmers could make any meaningful contribution to an actual court case.

But as time went on, the discussions became more focused, my view on that, borne of my own traditional way of doing legal briefs, came to change considerably. I saw arguments being developed (and trashed, where appropriate) that likely would not have happened but for the massive input into that list. Your colleague Ed Hernstadt posted there occasionally, my understanding is that your team was getting good information from there, and even one of your expert witnesses (Ole Craig) seems to have come to your attention as a result of his contributions to that list.

So my question, primarily for Martin, is how much did you really gain from that list? Was the Openlaw/DVD forum really of meaningful help to your efforts, or, at least in the context of providing specific help to the trial lawyers, was it a waste of time for those who participated?

I know, of course, that Kaplan ruled against the defense today, but I'm really looking at the broader implications of something like that forum. Do you see it as something which, in the appropriate circumstances, can have real value to a case?"

Garbus:

6. The Openlaw/DVD mail list made a significant contribution. Sometimes the material is excellent, sometimes the material is off the mark. One of the great values of it is that it keeps you focused and makes you receptive to new concepts. It serves an educational value beyond its relevance to this or any particular case. It is not going to create a new "point" - that is something the trial lawyers should be able to do, or they're the wrong lawyers - but it gives perspective. At the end of the day, all I am is a lawyer, and it's great to get contributions from the larger universe.


7.) Re:The Defense Team and Openlaw (Score:3, Interesting)
by bwt on 08-17-00 17:16 EST (#201)

"As a non-lawyer who spent A LOT of time participating in the Openlaw list, I must second Jim's question: Did we help you?

Kaplan, given his prior connection to Time Warner, was surely a lost cause from the outset, so I'm not concerned about the result at this stage. But the coming appeal to the 2nd Circuit will obviously be very important.

To follow up Jim's question, I have another for Marty and/or Robin: What actions could we take that would most positively impact the future activity in this case.

This will certainly not be the last legal case where the open source community's interests are challenged: What can the community do proactivlely to become more effective at influencing judicial and/or political outcomes?"

Garbus:

7. Courts are the places where people like me go for "justice." In large part, it's hard to get justice elsewhere. The Open Source community must act politically and through education and leadership, must create an atmosphere where there is an understanding of the need for Open Source. As I said in the previous answer, Congress and even judges are influenced by the atmosphere. We succeeded in large part before Judge Kaplan in changing the atmosphere and the decision reflects a substantial advancement from his previous decision. That atmospheric change, which is very significant, will have an effect in the appellate court. It had an effect on the media coverage of this case, which changed from a prosecution of "pirates" to a respect for the issues raised. The coverage in the New York Times and other media reflects this.

This case recalls for me the first beginnings of many other movements: at first derision, losses in the legislature, and early losses by unsympathetic courts. It took years, many years, for various movements to start, get established, and then get protection. This, too, will take time. The interests on the other side are substantial and must be recognized as powerful.

I hope this is a responsive answer. Here and in other questions asked of me I am trying to respond to very complex questions in a very short space. My answer is always inadequate or barely adequate.


8.) What Is Desire? or, should the NYT get involved? (Score:5, Interesting)
by jamiemccarthy (jamie@slashdot.org) on 08-17-00 15:19 EST (#130)

"The judge finds it acceptable to ban linking to DeCSS, as long as the "desire" is present to disseminate the illegal source code:

"The other concern -- that a liability based on a link to another site simply because the other site happened to contain DeCSS or some other circumvention technology in the midst of other perfectly appropriate content could be overkill -- also is readily dealt with. The offense under the DMCA is offering, providing or otherwise trafficking in circumvention technology. An essential ingredient, as explained above, is a desire to bring about the dissemination. Hence, a strong requirement of that forbidden purpose is an essential prerequisite to any liability for linking."

He explains that this is OK by analogy of defamation law: if you say something bad about a public figure, part of what they have to prove to convict you is that you knew it was false when you said it. So, your state of mind at the time of the alleged crime becomes legally significant.

The judge is looking for a way to uphold the DMCA without creating a chilling effect that will prevent webmasters everywhere from having to worry "am I going to get in trouble for linking to the wrong thing?" But the act of deliberately linking to a URL cannot be distinguished from desiring to disseminate the information at that URL. That is the whole point of linking: disseminating the information at the other end.

Do you think the judge has noticed that the New York Times -- the same newspaper he frequently references in the titles of precedent-setting legal decisions -- has linked to the DeCSS links on at least three occasions -- April 28, June 16, and July 14? Most reasonable people would conclude that the Times had "a desire to bring about the dissemination" [of DeCSS] in so doing. What else could it have had in mind?

The Times obviously has a vested interest in keeping it legal to link. In the June 16 article, titled "Is Linking Illegal?", the opening sentence is: "A crucial aspect of online journalism is the ability to garnish articles with hyperlinks that instantly refer readers to Web sites related to newsworthy issues."

Do you think the Times will get more involved in this issue? How about if 2600 replaces its links with meta-links (links to links) -- exactly as the Times did -- and gets re-sued?"

Garbus:

8. The New York Times submitted an affidavit in this case in support of our position that linking should not be interfered with. It was significant. I hope that on the appeal, we will get good amicus briefs from a variety of "interest groups" - librarians, newspapers, academics and lawyers. It's worth remembering that most newspapers, along with their commitment to free speech, are often owned by entities that have substantial interest in the position that the plaintiff, the MPAA, is urging. On the previous motions, we got some of the press (but not all) to come in as amici. We'll see.


9.) Code Under the First Amendment (Score:5, Interesting)
by ATKeiper on 08-17-00 15:55 EST (#161)

"Dear Mr. Garbus and Ms. Gross -

Judge Kaplan argued that computer code is "a matter of First Amendment concern. But computer code is not purely expressive." He goes further: "society must be able to regulate the use and dissemination of code in appropriate circumstances."

In other words, computer code is more than just speech, and as the courts have ruled since 1968, when laws "are limited to the noncommunicative aspect" of some form of conduct, they do not violate First Amendment protections.

This is a theme explored somewhat in a recent article in Salon (for which Mr. Garbus was interviewed, incidentally):

"...there is still no formalized legal definition for software. Is it a product subject to the same Uniform Commercial Code that would hold Maytag responsible if a washing machine electrocuted its user? Or because it can be repeatedly upgraded and changed, is it more like an ISP -- a service that's governed by the terms of a contract between its operator and user? Or is it speech, worthy of protection for its contribution to "an open exchange of ideas?" No single statute or decision spells this out."

While code certainly has an aspect that could be deemed speech worthy of protection (as Professor Touretsky movingly testified), it has nonexpressive aspects as well. That seems to be at the heart of Judge Kaplan's decision, and you will have to work hard to get around that on appeal.

Hence my questions to you:
1. What level of Constitutional protection does software or computer code deserve? Will you continue, in appeal, to take the hard line that computer code is purely speech?
2. I know this may be somewhat out of your purview as lawyers, but do you hold out any hope for legislative remedy? If so, how would you want Congress [to] alter the DMCA?
3. And, finally, what possible implications does Judge Kaplan's ruling have for other cases relating to the legal status of software, such as the storm brewing over business method patents on software?

Thanks for your time.

Yours,
Adam Keiper
The Center for the Study of Technology and Society
Washington, D.C."

Garbus:

9. Mr. Keiper's question requires a many-paged response. I'll try to be brief and specific.

a. We will take the "hard" line that computer code is purely speech.

b. The legislature acts if the people force it to act. It is clear that the present laws cannot harness the technology. It is clear that whoever wins the DVD case or the Napster case, that file sharing is here today and will be with us for many tomorrows. The law that tries to ban that which is unbannable is a foolish law and I suspect in time Congress and the courts will recognize that. In our case, a journalist is being punished for reporting a story and for taking a position. I can't believe Congress intended that and I think when the rest of the press recognizes their shared interest with 2600.com, they will play a role in shaping the laws that Congress passes.

I would want Congress to alter the DMCA so that "fair use" is part of any digital control act. Judge Kaplan rendered a decision on "access", not copyright. I think that was wrong. The consumer, the audience for films and music and the artist should be able to work out, with distributors, a new business plan. That business plan must include space for creativity and the expansion of ideas. In the end, technology rules; it will have the last word and the Congress will probably move to that position only when it is totally obvious and only when the voters demand it.

PhracturedBlue asks: "There are lots of ways to encrypt a filesystem (via loopback, ppdd, CFS or CryptFS), but all of these options appear to have their faults, be it poor performance, lack of features, or not being actively maintained. So are there any other options out there, that provie quality FS encryption with reasonable performance? So, are there any other viable options, besides the ones I've found? Are there any actual benchmarks of actual performance for the viable options above (I guess the viable ones are loopback, CFS, TCFS, and PPDD)? How about systems using the AES-winner Rijndael (I know Loopback Encryption and possibly TCFS and PPDD can use Twofish, but isn't Rijndeal supposed to be one of the faster encryption methods?). I've seen the recent Slashdot article, and it didn't really address the above questions."

"First let me say that I know little to nothing about cryptography, and I wouldn't know the first thing about good vs. bad options, so any statements I make here are based on what I've read and may be completely erroneous. What I'm looking for a way to secure my (Debian) Linux laptop, since physical security is an issue (I can't keep it locked up in my house all the time). So I went out looking for a way of encrypting my filesystem.

The easiest method appears to be to install Loopback Encryption, but from what I can figure out this is a bad solution because (a) its very poor performance, and (b) there is no way to do key authentication. Another option is CFS (a quick howto can be found here), but this is also reported to have poor performance (even with blowfish, or the NFS related TCFS) and it also appears to be abandoned. (Okay TCFS may not be abandoned, but it hasn't been updated for over a year). People seem to rave about CryptFS, but this appears to be a prototype developed for a research paper that has gone no further. Of the last real options that I've uncovered PPDD (which is a device-driver rather than a filesystem) seems like it may be the most promising (though it doesn't seem to have been updated since January, and I can find no indication about testing it with the 2.4 beta kernels)."

perbert writes: "IEEE Spectrum has an interesting article in their October 2000 issue (and an online version) on new affordable ready-to-wear computers." Soon it won't require months of work to morph yourself into a gargoyle ;)

philgross writes "The winners are up at the main site. The movie of the levitating frog kicks butt." What more can I say?

MoNickels writes "Diffie & Hellman will receive a $100,000 fellowship from the Marconi Foundation for their work in encryption. The panel discussion Oct. 10 at Columbia University in New York should be rich. Check out these names: George Heilmeier (former head of Bellcore) will speak, then the panel will include Diffie and Hellman, Eric Ash, Leonard Kleinrock (inventor of packet switching) and Paul Baran (co-inventor of packet switching)."

kalifa writes: "The EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Center) has just published its annual report on international cryptography. It is available here. It's pretty informative, and I hope it will help changing many false misconceptions (and, by the way, put an end to the same good old francophobic stuff, which is obviously unjustified after the study of this report). "

Stijn Buys writes in with this interesting question: "We are a bunch of students conected to the campus network and now we are looking for a way to distribute applications like compiler jobs to several Linux boxes. Each PC should retain it's autonomy, since these are our personal machines, but we'd really like to make them work together. I heard about things like distributed make but I haven't found something about it yet. Are there people who have experience with these kind of things and/or can give us some suggestions?" With just a quick search, I found this patch to GNU make and something called PGMAKE (dated 1994). What other options for distributed compiling are there?