Slashdot Mirror

prostoalex writes "HP will announce the T5500 and T5300 thin clients on Monday at the TechEX show in New York City, which use the 733-MHz and 533-MHz versions of Transmeta's TM5800 CPU. Prices range from $599 to $629."

dfj225 writes "According to an article on ExtremeTech.com, it looks like ATI has the lead in Half-Life 2 graphics card performance. Valve benchmarked their new game using the top cards from both ATI and nVidia. Results show the ATI Radeon 9800 Pro drawing around 60 FPS while the nVidia GeForce FX 5900 Ultra only draws around 30 in Half-Life 2's DX9 full precision tests. Read the article to see results on other tests that Valve ran." Update: 09/11 13:06 GMT by M : Another article about the presentation.

defishguy writes "Extreme Tech is reporting that Phoenix Technologies is shopping a DRM-capable BIOS to OEMS. Reportedly the BIOS with DRM enabled allows for software to be tracked and traced from one PC to another." See also this older story about AMI.

ddtstudio writes "Oh, "Astro" was such a friendly name -- but it probably had trademark issues. So the alphabet blender came up with "Efficeon" instead. This eWeek story gives the lowdown on what Transmeta is doing apres Linus. There's also a writeup on ExtremeTech."

ddtstudio writes "Oh, "Astro" was such a friendly name -- but it probably had trademark issues. So the alphabet blender came up with "Efficeon" instead. This eWeek story gives the lowdown on what Transmeta is doing apres Linus. There's also a writeup on ExtremeTech."

An anonymous reader writes "Extremetech.com reports that: 'Computer scientists from think tank SRI will present a novel take on distributed computing at LinuxWorld, all in a search for a little lost penguin.' For more information on Centibots, head over to the Centibots Project homepage." ReadthePaper writes "I just read a great interview with Jon "Maddog" Hall of Linux International." And finally, Hawkxor writes "Sun Microsystems VP Jonathon Schwartz demoed Sun's new desktop-oriented Linux distro 'Mad Hatter' and 3-D Desktop Environment 'Looking Glass' at LinuxWorld. Sounds pretty cool."

An anonymous reader writes "A long time ago, in what feels like a different universe, Cyrix created the first sub-$1000 PC based on a 2 chip solution called the Media-GX. Soon after National Semiconductor bought Cyrix, keeping the Media-GX team and selling the 686MX team to VIA. In the meantime, the Media-GX team have created the a series of single chip PCs, and a totally new CPU, the GX2. Now National Semiconductor is selling the division to AMD, which should give it a higher profile and better fab technology again." Reader jlouderb reminds us of National Semiconductor's Device Girls promotion, "a lame take-off on the Spice Girls," and points to coverage at eWeek of the purchase.

securitas writes "ExtremeTech just published a step-by-step how-to guide on hacking the Nomad Zen and Nomad Jukebox to upgrade the hard drive in each type of MP3 player. So if a 60 GB hard disk isn't big enough for you (20 GB on the older models) here's how to mod your Nomad."

securitas writes "ExtremeTech just published a step-by-step how-to guide on hacking the Nomad Zen and Nomad Jukebox to upgrade the hard drive in each type of MP3 player. So if a 60 GB hard disk isn't big enough for you (20 GB on the older models) here's how to mod your Nomad."

securitas writes "Both eWEEK's review of FreeBSD 5.1 and ExtremeTech's BSD overview and roundup (single page) will be of interest to BSDers and anyone else who wants to explore their open source OS options. The review of FreeBSD 5.1 says it lacks the stability of v4.8 but adds features that some may find useful (for example, more processor architectures are supported) so it shouldn't be considered for critical deployments yet. And the BSD round-up speaks for itself."

securitas writes "Both eWEEK's review of FreeBSD 5.1 and ExtremeTech's BSD overview and roundup (single page) will be of interest to BSDers and anyone else who wants to explore their open source OS options. The review of FreeBSD 5.1 says it lacks the stability of v4.8 but adds features that some may find useful (for example, more processor architectures are supported) so it shouldn't be considered for critical deployments yet. And the BSD round-up speaks for itself."

darth_silliarse writes "ExtremeTech have thankfully confirmed that I am not completely deaf - onboard m/b sound is not as bad as it sounds. Is onboard sound for the poor, needy or completely bone idle? What are other peoples opinions of m/b sound? If nothing else, it frees up a PCI or ISA slot... ;o)"

jlouderb writes "Handspring debuted the biggest product at last week's lCeBit show in New York. Lots of news articles were written about the Treo 600, but I actually got to borrow one of the few prototypes for a day." Looks like the only real negatives are that there's no protection for the screen, and no removable battery, otherwise it's a tight little device. It'll be interesting to see the release model in action.

JimLynch writes "We just put up the first review of Lindows 4.0, with a twist. I actually gave it to my Mom to see if she could use it. Find out if Lindows 4.0 passed the "Mom Test.""

Max Romantschuk writes "I've been following the emerging of PCI Express for some time now. PCI Express, previously known as "Third Generation I/O" or "3GIO", is the technology set to replace PCI. PCI has been with us for around ten years now, and is rapidly running out of bandwidth. Last week Anandtech ran an interresting story on PCI Express. The techology has previously been covered by Hexus and ExtremeTech aswell. I feel this technology looks all set to replace PCI, and we really do need some new bus technology to keep up with the bandwidth demands of today's applications. Or is this just yet another way to force us into a new upgrade cycle?"

robyn217 writes "When I last looked at strange, new keyboards (here's the previous thread here on slashdot), I thought I'd seen it all... not even close! I just reviewed a new keyless keyboard, called the OrbiTouch, and gave it a run for its money. It's literally made up of two humps--it reminds me of holding onto my knees rather a keyboard. To type or mouse, you need to move the humps around in a synchronized manner. It's twisted--but it's better for you to decide for yourself--here's the article, OrbiTouch Review: A Keyless Keyboard with lots of pictures. Think you'll give it a test drive? Will it survive the year?"

You asked nmap creator Fyodor many excellent questions, and his answers (below) are just as excellent. You'll want to set aside significant time to read and digest this interview, because Fyodor didn't just toss off a few words, but put some real time and energy into his answers.

1) Interesting stories involving nmap?
by Neologic

Nmap has obviously become a huge success in the *nix world. I would wager that practically all sysadmins and security folk use nmap. With this sort of use by such creative and lazy people, there must have been some interesting stories involving nmap, perhaps unusual uses of it, or funny anecdotes. Are there any you would like to share?

Fyodor

The coolest use ever was undoubtedly when Trinity used it to try and save the human race :). But the use I find most gratifying are the Chinese students and residents who have written me about how they use Nmap to locate open proxies. These proxies allow for surfing the uncensored Internet, including the news, educational, pornographic, religious, open source software, government, political, search engine, and human rights sites that are blocked by the Great Firewall of China.

Many of the best features in Nmap came from the user community in ideas if not implementation. For example, the protocol scan (-sO) determines what IP protocols (TCP, UDP, GRE, etc.) a host is listening for. I had not thought of this, but the idea and patch came out of the blue one day in an email from Gerhard Rieger. On another day, a guy named Saurik sent a patch called Nmap+V that allows Nmap to do basic service/version fingerprinting against open ports. It has attracted a cult following, and I plan to add similar functionality to Nmap this year. The initial Windows port by eEye arrived similarly. Despite all these great suggestions, certain other user-contributed ideas are not on the agenda.

Then there are a small handful of users who detect problems nobody else would ever notice, like 4 byte/host memory leaks. They send me error messages with notes saying the bug happens "about once per 700,000 IPs". I have no idea what these guys are up to, but some have been sending me this kind of mail for years. They can't be spammers, as they are intelligent and also use more sophisticated scan techniques than you would need to just find SMTP servers.

2) Recent increases in anal-retentiveness...?
by Zeriel

There's been a marked increase in system administrators thinking that anything even remotely resembling a network scan is eeeeevil (case in point, last year I almost got kicked out of college for scanning port 80 on my dorm subnet looking for interesting websites to read)...

What do you think can be done to make scanning IP addresses/ports have less of a negative stigma? This is in the same sort of category as legit vs. illegit uses of anything else (P2P, whatever)--what's the rationale for punishing something that could maybe lead to criminal activity, and how can we make network scanning tools have practical uses again?

Fyodor

That is an excellent question, and one that concerns me as well. But first, I think your final statement is too extreme. I would guess 90% of network scanning is non-controversial. You will rarely be badgered for scanning your own machine or the networks you administer. The controversy comes when scanning other networks. There are a lot of (good and bad) reasons for doing this sort of network exploration. Perhaps you are scanning the other systems in your {dorm, department, cable LAN, conference LAN} to look for publicly shared files (FTP, SMB, WWW, etc.). Or perhaps your just trying to find the IP of a certain printer. Maybe you scanned your favorite web site to see if they are offering any other services, or because you are curious what OS they run. Perhaps you are just trying to test connectivity, or maybe you wanted to do a quick security sanity-check before handing off your credit card details to that ecommerce company. You might be conducting Internet research, or be bored on a rainy afternoon. Or are you conducting reconnaissance in preparation for a breakin attempt?

The remote administrators rarely know your true intentions, and do sometimes get suspicious. The best approach is to get permission first. I've seen a few people with non-administrative roles land in hot water after deciding to "prove" network insecurity by launching an intrusive scan of the entire company or campus. Admins tend to be more cooperative when asked in advance than when woken up at 3AM by an IDS alarm claiming they are under massive attack.

You compared Nmap to P2P tools in having a "negative stigma". In both cases, one effective way to fight the stigma is to limit your own use to "legitimate" purposes. Use BitTorrent to download RedHat ISOs, but not Matrix Reloaded. Use Nmap to secure and monitor your computers, but not to attack other networks. And if you decide to attack other networks anyway, please be courteous and set the evil bit.

Now I'll admit that I don't always obtain explicit permission before scanning other networks. I don't believe (but IANAL) that a simple port/OS scan of a remote system is or should be illegal. Any machine connected to the Internet will be scanned so often that most admins ignore such "white noise" anyhow. But scan other networks often enough, and someone will eventually complain. So my advice would be:

1. Don't do anything controversial from your work or school connections. Even though your intentions may be good, you have too much to lose if someone in power (boss, dean) decides you are a malicious cracker. Do you really want to explain your actions to someone who may not even understand the terms "port scanner" or "packet"? Spend $10 bucks a month for a dialup or shell account. You didn't really violate this rule, as scanning your dorm subnet for just port 80 should not even be remotely controversial!
2. Target your scan as tightly as possible. If you are only looking for web servers, specify -p80 rather than scanning all 65,535 TCP ports on each machine. If you are only trying to find available hosts, do an Nmap ping scan. Don't scan a /16 when a /24 will suffice. The random scan mode now takes an argument specifying the number of hosts, rather than running forever. So consider -iR 1000 rather than -iR 10000 if the former is sufficient. Use the default timing (or even "-T Polite") rather than "-T Insane".
3. Nmap offers many options for stealthy scans, including source-IP spoofing, decoy scanning, and the more recent Idle Scan technique. But remember there is always a trade-off. You will be harder to detect if you launch scans from an open WAP far from your house, with 17 decoys, while doing followup probes through a chain of 9 open proxies. But if anyone (such as Tsutomu Shimomura) does track you down, they will be mighty suspicious of your intentions.

I occasionally consider adding some sort of "notification packet" prior to a scan that would give hosts the chance to respond and opt-out. This would be like the /robots.txt directives currently used to control polite Web robots. Perhaps the format could even include a text string that IDS systems could log, like: nmap -sS -p- -O -m "Direct questions about this scan to ops at x3512" 192.168.0.0/16 nmap -sS -p- -O -m "mY n4m3 iZ Zer0 |<00L and I'll 0wn j0o%#@" targetcompany.com/24 Of course Nmap would have an option to omit the notification or to send it and ignore any negative responses. Some scanners, such as ISS Internet Scanner already send out NetBIOS popup messages to scanned hosts by default, and other scanners use syslog. I won't be adding any features like this to Nmap unless I see substantial demand and the obvious issues are worked out.

3) OS fingerprinting
by neoThoth

What are the latest advances in fingerprinting networked devices that seem most promising to you? I have started reading papers on HTTP fingerprinting and such and wonder how these will figure into the NMAP architecture. What are the most elusive OS's that aren't on the NMAP OS fingerprint database?

Fyodor

There are a number of OS detection techniques I hope to add this year. One is to guess (or calculate) the initial TTL of response packets, since this varies by OS. Some operating systems also "reflect" your own chosen TTL under various circumstances. Then there are some newer TCP options, such as selective ack that I might test for. Explicit Congestion Notification (RFC 2481/3168) also shows promise. I'll probably add all of these at once later this year, after discussions with the Nmap-dev list. If you wish to participate, you can join that list by sending a blank email to nmap-dev-subscribe@insecure.org. There is also a low volume, moderated list for announcements about Nmap, Insecure.org, and related projects. You can join the 15,000 current members by mailing nmap-hackers-subscribe@insecure.org [archives].

While adding new fingerprinting techniques is fun and exciting, improving the signature database often ads more value. The DB now contains more than 850 signatures, from the Acorn RISC OS and Aironet wireless LAN bridge to the ZoomAir wireless gateway and Zyxel Prestige routers. We're talking gaming consoles, phones, PBX systems, PDAs, webcams, networked power switches, you name it! New fingerprints are submitted daily.

Application level fingerprinting (including HTTP) is coming. I usually regret stating dates, but I hope to develop this functionality within the next 3 months.

4) Stepping into a network security career
by Anonymous Coward

I'll be graduating this month with a shiny new BS in Computer Science. I've done plenty of Unix sysadmin work throughout college and even deployed some high-interaction honeynets. I'm very interested in network security and systems programming. Do you have any advice for people in my situation who want to head into a career in network security?

Fyodor

Congratulations on your graduation! Unfortunately (for newcomers), the security field is one that often expects substantial experience and references. This is partly because these jobs require extraordinary trust, and also because of an aversion to mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes, but they can be extraordinarily costly in security and neophytes tend to make more of them. But don't lose hope! Talented security minds are still in very high demand, just be aware that you will have to work even harder to prove yourself.

Here are my suggestions for anyone starting out in network security, whether for fun or profit:

Step 1: Learn everything you can

1. You may wish to start with reading a general overview of security, such as Practical Unix and Internet Security 3rd Edition.
2. Reading alone won't teach you much. Hands-on experience is critical, so I would set up at least a basic test network. At the very minimum you should have a Unix box or two and a Windows machine (because these are very common in the real world). You can use very cheap machines, or even emulate a large network with virtualization software such as VMWare.
3. Next you should learn more about how attacks are performed. Take a look at the excellent and free Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM). This document aims to provide a comprehensive framework for security testing. But it mostly lists tasks to perform, without specifying how to do so. You will gain a lot from this manual if you research the tasks you don't know how to complete, and if you actually try performing the tasks on your test network. If this manual is too curt or hard to follow, you could try a more verbose book on vulnerability assessment, such as Hacking Exposed 4th Edition.
4. Now that you understand many of the general security ideas, it is time to get current. This is one area that has actually become easier in the last decade. The thinking used to be that vulnerability information should only be distributed to well-known and trusted administrators and security researchers through private digests such as Zardoz. This was a disaster for many reasons, and the full disclosure movement was born. In the last couple of years things have started to shift toward more limited ("responsible") disclosure and there is also a disturbing pay-money-for-early-disclosure trend. But information is still much more available than it used to be. Most of the news is carried on mailing lists, and I archive the ones I consider the best at Lists.Insecure.Org. You must subscribe to Bugtraq, and I would also highly recommend pen-test, vuln-dev, and security-basics. Read at least the last 6-12 months of archives. Choose other lists that correspond to your interests. SecurityFocus also offers a security-jobs list which is an excellent resource for finding jobs or just understanding what employers desire.

   There are two major reasons for reading Bugtraq. One is that you must react quickly to new vulnerabilities by patching your servers, notifying your clients, etc. You can get this by simply scanning the subject lines or advisory summaries for bugs that directly apply to you. But then you will miss out on another crucial purpose of Bugtraq. Actually understanding a vulnerability helps you defend against it, exploit it, and identify/prevent similar bugs in the future. When you are lucky, the advisory itself will provide full details on the bug. Check out this excellent recent advisory by Core Security Technologies. Note how they describe exactly how the Snort TCP Stream Reassembly vulnerability works in detail and even include a proof-of-concept demonstration. Unfortunately, not all advisories are so forthcoming. For bugs in Open Source software, you can understand the problem by reading the diff. The next step is to actually write and test an exploit. I would recommend writing at least one for each general class of bug (buffer overflow, format string, SQL injection, etc.) or whenever a bug is particularly interesting.

   Be sure to read the latest issues of Phrack and the research papers posted to the mailing lists. Send your comments and questions to the authors and you may start interesting discussions. Read well-regarded books on the security topics that interest you most.

   I can't emphasize enough that you should intersperse hands-on work with all of this reading. Install unpatched RedHat 8 (or whatever) and run Nmap and Nessus against it. Then compromise it remotely, maybe via the latest Samba hole. Start out with a prewritten exploit from Bugtraq, which isn't quite as easy as it sounds. You may have to modify the 'sploit to compile, brute force the proper offset, etc. Then break in again using a different technique, and your own exploit. Install Ethereal and/or tcpdump and ensure you understand the traffic on your network during both your exploitation and normal network activity. Install Snort on an Internet-facing machine and watch the attacks and probes you'll experience. Wander around your neighborhood with Kismet, Netstumbler, or Wellenreiter on your Laptop or PDA to look for open WAPs. Install DSniff and execute an active MITM attack on an SSH or SSL connection between two of your computers. Take a look at my Top 75 Tools List and ensure you understand what each does and when it would be useful. Try out as many as you can.

5. Take a vacation, or at least a weekend camping! You deserve it! The steps above would probably take at least 3-12 months full-time, depending on your motivation level and the depth and breadth of your research.

Step 2: Now apply your newfound knowledge

Now you have learned enough to be dangerous. At this point, you would have little trouble obtaining most certifications, after studying the specifics of each topic. If your main goal is to find a job quickly, perhaps adding these extra feathers to your cap might be worthwhile. But I think your best bet is to prove your knowledge by joining and contributing to the security community. While this does indeed help others, it isn't an entirely selfless act. It improves your skills, leads to important contacts, and demonstrates your knowledge and ability in a constructive way. The latter is important if securing a career is one of your goals. These steps should also be fun! If not, perhaps you should keep looking at other fields. Here are some ideas:

Start participating with insightful comment and answers on the mailing lists. This is very easy and serves as a great learning experience, way to meet people, and garners some name recognition. If a security manager with a stack of 60 resumes recognizes your name, that is a huge win!

When a new worm or a big new vulnerability comes out, everyone wants to know the details. If you stay up all night disassembling the worm/patch and write the first comprehensive analysis, many folks will find that valuable. And you will learn a lot. Let your first priority be quality - if someone beats you to it, just compare your results with theirs to see if you (or they) missed (or misinterpreted) anything. You can also post your own exploits, although that is more of a political hot potato.

Attending security conferences is a great way to learn, party with fellow hackers, and network (in every sense of the word). Much better is to speak at these conferences. This field changes rapidly so there are always new topics and technologies to discuss. You don't have to be a well-known expert with a long history - just learn your topic well and put in the effort for a quality presentation. You could present at Defcon, at one of the more commercial events, or at a smaller regional con like ToorCon, CodeCon, Hivercon, etc. Among other advantages (often free admission/travel/hotel), this is a great way to meet people with similar interests. I spoke at the latest CanSecWest and have submitted a proposal for the next Defcon.

Now that you've seen and understand a wide variety of software vulnerabilities from your Bugtraq research, start finding your own. You can start by downloading any PHP app from Sourceforge. Most of those are hopelessly vulnerable to Cross-Site-Scripting, SQL injection, and/or remote code execution by "remote include" directives. Many (if not most) Windows shareware daemons are also vulnerable to simple buffer overflows and format-string bugs. Notify the authors and then write an advisory. After a few of these "easy targets", try breaking some more widely deployed programs.

Write a security tool! I could list some suggestions, but by this point you will have many of your own ideas as to what is needed. Scratch an itch.

I hope this helps. If you want more suggestions, Ask Slashdot. From that story, I found this post particularly insightful, especially the emphasis on "people skills". I don't claim to have any, but understand the value :).

5) Have you ever been tempted to use your gifts...
by Tim_F

...in a negative manner?

Have you ever hacked into someone else's computer? Have you ever considered it? What would cause you to think of doing this? Would your tools (nmap, etc.) be enough to allow you to do this?

And if you haven't, why is that the case?

Fyodor

I never do script-kiddie style "hack any random vulnerable box on the Internet" cracking. But sometimes I will launch targeted attacks at specific companies. I'll usually start with just a web browser and various search engines to learn everything I can about my target. I need to understand what the company does, who it partners with, and whether it has any corporate siblings, subsidiaries, or parents. Beyond that, posts by individual employees can be a gold mine. Besides providing names and titles for social engineering and brute force password attacks, the IPs in the mail/news routing headers can be very valuable. One of the reasons I run my own mailing list archive is to maintain access to the raw mail folders which contain the routing info and X-no-archive posts that web archives strip out. Another advantage to locating employees is that you can send them trojan executable attachments, which can be a very effective way into the network.

Next I'll gather known IP network information on the companies via DNS, whois, regional registries like ARIN, routing info, Netcraft, etc. Then comes the scanning (I tend to use Nmap), application-probing, vulnerability discovery, and exploitation stages.

Of course, I only do this when the company is paying me to do so. Performing these pen-tests offers several advantages over blackhat activity:

1. You don't go to jail (If you've worded your contract carefully.)
2. Instead of having to keep your übertechniques secret to avoid prosecution, you get to demonstrate them to management.
3. They actually pay you for this! And you are helping to protect them and the privacy of their customers.

Now some people might ask how you gain these skills without practicing on other networks first. Cheap hardware and the evolution of free UNIX operating systems have made this much easier than in the past. See the previous answer for some suggestions. And remember that you can always work together with friends, or participate in hacking contests like Defcon's Capture the Flag.

6) You'll have seen a lot of breakins.
by Hulver

During your time running Honeypots, you'll have seen a lot of compromised systems. Is there any incident that's really stuck in your mind because of the audacity of the attempt, or the stupidity of the person attempting the breakin.

Fyodor

On the humorous front, one attacker was was running a public webcam during his exploits, so we were able to watch him crack into our boxes in real time :). I will resist the urge to link a screenshot. His rough location was determined when we noticed Mrs. Doubtfire playing on his TV and correlated that with public schedule listings. He was working with a Pakistani group, but was actually on the US East Coast.

In the "disturbing audacity" front, this year we found that a group of crackers had broken into an ecommerce site and actually programmed an automated billing-sytem-to-IRC gateway. They could obtain or validate credit card numbers by simply querying the channel bot! Expect a more detailed writeup soon.

7) What makes a honey net enticing?
by cornice

It seems that many of the honey nets that the average hobbyist would run are built to attract a lesser cracker. What I mean is that ports are left open that normally would not be left open. Services are running that normally should not, etc. I think that a really smart fish would see this as nothing but a cheap lure and refuse the bait. Do you think it's possible to fool the really smart fish? Is is possible to bait with something enticing enough without tipping off the big fish? Does publication of your work make this task more difficult?

Fyodor

Excellent question, and I had many of the same concerns upon joining the project. Then I remembered that most of the attacks and real-world compromises are committed by these marginally skilled script kiddies. So there is still a lot of value in understanding their tools, tactics, and motives. Despite this apparent limitation, I have been surprised by some of the sophisticated things we have found. For example, the first known "in the wild" attack using the Solaris dtspcd vulnerability was caught by one of our honeynets and resulted in this CERT advisory. Then one of our Honeynet Alliance members had their Win2K honeypot compromised and joined into a botnet with 18,000 machines! Attackers on such a grand scale won't even know all of the companies they have compromised, much less whether any of the systems are honeynets.

I do believe baiting the "smart fish" might be possible, but I have never done this. Is not legally entrapment, as we aren't any sort of police force, but I am not very comfortable with the idea. If someone attacks my box that is just unobtrusively sitting on the network, I believe the attacker should have no expectation of privacy for his activities on the system. Things become more complex if I try to lure the attacker.

8) IPv6
by caluml

Do you think that with the very large address space of IPv6 that random scanning for a certain port will die off? (I notice nmap doesn't support random IPv6 address scanning - maybe you've already come to the same conclusion?) Simply put, the chances of finding a machine if it's not advertised anywhere will be very much reduced. Will this make people lazy and complacent, trusting on the large numbers involved to protect them?

Fyodor

Finding a machine by by pinging a completely random 128-bit address will probably never be effective. Fortunately, we won't have to! Nmap does not even do that for 32-bit IPv4 addresses - it is smart enough to skip huge blocks of address space that are unallocated or used for private (RFC1918, localhost) addresses. We will also see patterns emerge for IPv6. For example, they may often be allocated sequentially so that finding one leads to many others. I am waiting until adoption rises and we start seeing these patterns emerge before I can implement them appropriately in Nmap. Certain new DNS features may also prove useful for locating IPv6 machines and networks.

9) standalones and small home nets
by zogger

it seems like most of the emphasis is on enterprise networks, but that still leaves millions and millions of home machines and small home networks just stuck. What do you see as some of the trends and solutions for those people? Their data and system integrity is just as important to them as any corporations is, and usually not having the appropriate skill set, is even harder to implement.

Fyodor

I am afraid the focus by security companies on enterprise networks will continue, as that is where the money is. The good news is that securing small home networks is far easier. But that doesn't make it simple, nor mean that many people will bother. I would categorize the risks into 3 categories:

Traditional network server vulnerabilities: Your average home user doesn't need to run any network daemons or have any TCP/UDP ports open to the Internet. Most of the time they only have 1 IP, used either by a standalone PC or a NAT device (e.g. "broadband router") in front of their small network. This is a good configuration, as it limits what attackers can reach directly. But you need to be sure that the IP doesn't have any unnecessary ports open. You can verify this by running 'netstat' on the Windows or UNIX machine using the IP. I would also recommend confirming using a port scanner such as Nmap. Here are example commands:

nmap -p- -sS -T4 -v -O [your IP]
nmap -p- -sU -v [ your IP ]

The TCP and UDP scans could be combined into one execution, but are listed separately since the TCP scan may go much faster. Remote UDP scans are also less reliable against some heavily filtered hosts. You may have to rely on the netstat info or configuration details in this case.

Any open ports found should be evaluated with extreme prejudice. Unless clearly necessary, close Windows file sharing, external NAT device admin ports, and everything else found.

Don't forget the wireless backdoor! Blocking the Internet link from your private machines is insufficient if anyone can hop on your open WLAN and attack your machines. WEP isn't perfect, but the 104-bit (so-called 128-bit) version should at least keep people from accidentally connecting to your network or sniffing your data. Be sure to set a good password and upgrade to recent firmware for your WAP and other network devices.

Subscribe to the security advisory lists for all the operating systems (and devices, if available) you run. Major vendors such as RedHat, Debian, FreeBSD, Mandrake, and Microsoft all offer these. Most even offer automatic updates if you desire that.

Client vulnerabilities: Once you close the services you don't need (ideally all of them), client vulnerabilities must be addressed. Keeping your web browser and mail reader up-to-date is particularly crucial. Also harden them as much as possible. For example, IE is full of holes but at least has a good interface for site-by-site security policies (Tools -> Internet Options -> Security). Go through and neuter the "Internet zone" settings by disabling ActiveX and Java. In the rare case that sites need this, find an alternative site or add them to the trusted zone. If your are really serious about security, neuter "trusted sites" and "local intranet" privileges as well. Many recent IE vulnerabilities trick the browser into using the wrong zones. Consider using a different browser. Also configure your mailer to disregard HTML and JavaScript.

Remember to pay careful attention to security warnings, whether they come from IE, Mozilla, your ssh client, or anything else. Don't just click OK. And don't shoot yourself in the foot when configuring your apps. It is hard to entirely blame the vendor when users tell P2P apps or Windows filesharing to share their whole drive without any password. Failing to change default passwords or enable basic restrictions on X Window or FTP servers is only slightly more forgivable. All of these errors happen frequently! The apps/devices should be secure by default, but you have the ultimate responsibility for protecting your data.

Malware: This is what I consider the biggest problem on desktops: people running applications they can't trust. Email borne viruses, worms and trojans are an obvious example. Be very careful what you click on. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to know what to trust. Mail is trivial to forge, and even the "proper" installers for many P2P applications infest your computer with loads of invasive spyware. Even Intuit TurboTax was caught writing to customers' boot information track.

What can you do? My honest suggestion is to run peer-reviewed open source applications on a free OS such as Linux or FreeBSD. You still have to be careful, but these problems are far less prevalent on UNIX platforms, which also have better tools and procedures to deal with them.

What if dumping Windows is not an option? Run NT/2K/XP instead of Win9X/ME, and try to run everything you can as an unprivileged (non-administrator) user. Be extraordinarily careful about what you install and run, and make frequent backups. You might also want to look into a personal firewall such as Zone Alarm (limited free version.

10) What is your favourite tool?
by Noryungi

I have just read your top 75 security tools list. Thank you for posting all this information, which I am going to study very carefully.

One question though: in all these tools, which one is your personal favourite? (This excludes Nmap, of course).

Fyodor

I have far too many favorites among this great group to choose just one! But here are a few developers and tools that are particularly worthy of mention:

One of the people I most admire in the security field is Solar Designer. He is a guru in networking, security, and low level kernel/assembly/architecture details. He has also created many tools that security professionals use daily. Yet he never exhibits the arrogance, elitism, and egotism that sadly characterizes so many "stars" of the security community.

Among SD's tools is John the Ripper, my longtime favorite local password hash cracker. It has been around forever, but was written with a flexible and powerful interface while keeping extensibility in mind. So it is still as useful in these days of shadowed password files and MD5/Blowfish hashes as it was back in the days of crypt() and unprotected /etc/passwd. Lately SD has been working on the Owl secure GNU/Linux distribution, which can be installed on disk for hardened systems like firewalls, or booted and run from CD as an easy way to run security tools such as John and Nmap.

Another of those "brilliant yet still nice" security developers is Dug Song. Even after the seminal "Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service" paper by Ptacek and Newsham, many IDS vendors continued to ignore the problem. When Doug released Fragrouter (now fragroute), which implements some of these attacks, vendors finally took notice! He has also written the excellent libdnet library, but my favorite of his tools is DSniff, a suite of tools for advanced network sniffing and "monkey-in-the-middle" attacks. It even handles ARP poisoning and other techniques for sniffing hosts on a switched LAN.

While I'm on this topic, let me also give "mad props" to the Hping2 packet prober, Kismet wireless stumbler, Ethereal packet decoder, Netcat, recent THC releases, Snort IDS, the Nessus vulnerability scanner, and all the other great Open Source tools out there!

I would also like to thank Slashdot for granting me this interview and to everyone who asked such excellent questions. I only wish I had time to answer more of them. Then again, I have probably rambled on enough. Now it is your turn to ramble in the comments :).

Cheers,
Fyodor

jlouderb writes "As first reported by ExtremeTech, Futuremark has confirmed that nVidia is cheating on its 3DMark2003 benchmark through eight driver optimizations. The 3D graphics performance war just keeps getting more and more interesting!" See our previous story.

robyn217 writes "There's a new language being formed in the bowels of Microsoft. Recently I got word that the language F# (pronounced F Sharp) is nearing workable stages at Microsoft Research. So, I went in for a look-see. What I found was an interesting blend of imperative (Java, C#) and functional languages(it's ML-based, too!). It looks pretty enticing to me from a computer science perspective, but I'm not sure it would fly in the professional market. I can see the ease of development that a language loosely based on ML would bring, but I can't see coders switching over in droves since it's a tough learning curve." Our previous story on F#.

zymano writes "Extremetech has this nice article on the future of 3d graphics. The article also mentions that graphic card gpus can be used for non-traditional powerful processing like physics. A quote from the article, "GPU can be from 10 to 100 times faster than a Pentium 4 and Scientific computations such as linear algebra, Fast Fourier Transforms, and partial differential equations can benefit". My question - If these cards are getting so powerful at computations then why do we need a Intel/AMD processor at all? Just make a graphics card with more transistors and drop the traditional processor..."

zymano writes "Extremetech has this nice article on the future of 3d graphics. The article also mentions that graphic card gpus can be used for non-traditional powerful processing like physics. A quote from the article, "GPU can be from 10 to 100 times faster than a Pentium 4 and Scientific computations such as linear algebra, Fast Fourier Transforms, and partial differential equations can benefit". My question - If these cards are getting so powerful at computations then why do we need a Intel/AMD processor at all? Just make a graphics card with more transistors and drop the traditional processor..."

Sophrosyne writes "Microsoft Watch has presented an article on Longhorn, which is due not before 2005, and compares it with Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther), which may be released this September. The article touches on some of the areas where Windows is ahead in operating system design and technologies, as well as how Panther plans to compete. Included in Microsoft Watch's article were links to a Extreme-Tech article on Desktop compositing, and 3D User Interfaces. It also contains videos of Longhorn's 3D Quartz-like user interface in action." If processor power is so important, why are we so willing to waste it on making windows do funny things when we move them around? Just wondering.

AEton writes "According to this Extremetech article, X-Tra Fun has developed a Bluetooth module for the Gameboy Advance which is expected to ship by Christmas 2003. The $49 module includes Bluetooth connectivity, although a cellphone or other Bluetooth device with Internet access is required to use the Internet, and it comes with an embedded eCos Linux kernel with a Web browser and 255 pages' worth of cache. A $99 upgrade adds a Secure Digital card slot and a dongle!"

MisterKoffee writes "ExtremeTech has a story about Intuit dropping Product Activation and Digital Rights Management for most of its future products, including TurboTax, in response to a customer backlash."

MisterKoffee writes "ExtremeTech has a story about Intuit dropping Product Activation and Digital Rights Management for most of its future products, including TurboTax, in response to a customer backlash."

Junky191 writes "With the NVidia GeForce FX 5900 recently released, this new high-end card seems to beat out ATI's 9800 pro, yet things are not as they appear. NVidia seems to be cheating on their drivers, inflating benchmark scores by cutting corners and causing scenes to be rendered improperly. Check out the ExtremeTech test results (especially their screenshots of garbled frames)."

Junky191 writes "With the NVidia GeForce FX 5900 recently released, this new high-end card seems to beat out ATI's 9800 pro, yet things are not as they appear. NVidia seems to be cheating on their drivers, inflating benchmark scores by cutting corners and causing scenes to be rendered improperly. Check out the ExtremeTech test results (especially their screenshots of garbled frames)."

HardcoreGamer writes "Today ATI shipped its Radeon 9800 Pro 256 MB DDR-2 card in time for E3 and nVidia announced the NV35-based GeForce 5900 which will be available in June. Early tests seem to say that while nVidia edges ahead of ATI in specific areas, overall ATI still has the better card. The caveat is that the next generation of DirectX 9-based games (like Doom 3 and Half-Life 2, demonstrated with ATI at E3) will truly determine which is the better card. Lots of coverage at PC Magazine, PC World, The Register (ATI) (nVidia), ExtremeTech, InternetNews, and Forbes/Reuters. Either way, at $450-$500, serious gamers are about to get another serious dent in their wallets."

HardcoreGamer writes "Today ATI shipped its Radeon 9800 Pro 256 MB DDR-2 card in time for E3 and nVidia announced the NV35-based GeForce 5900 which will be available in June. Early tests seem to say that while nVidia edges ahead of ATI in specific areas, overall ATI still has the better card. The caveat is that the next generation of DirectX 9-based games (like Doom 3 and Half-Life 2, demonstrated with ATI at E3) will truly determine which is the better card. Lots of coverage at PC Magazine, PC World, The Register (ATI) (nVidia), ExtremeTech, InternetNews, and Forbes/Reuters. Either way, at $450-$500, serious gamers are about to get another serious dent in their wallets."

An anonymous reader writes "A ten month torture test of five LCD and two DLP projectors shows LCD images deteriorate during extended use." Not surprisingly, if you run an LCD projector for 4000 hours, it deteriorates... of course, if you're staring at a projecter 8 hours a day, for 500 straight days, maybe you should go outside ;)

santos_douglas writes "Extreme Tech has this article in which Tim O'Reilly, the man behind every geeks favorite tech manuals, points toward four major leading indicators that will predict the next likely 'killer app' to emerge from the hacker community. They are: (1) Amazon.com web services (2) BARWN (3) Hardware hackers and (4) online gaming communities."

robyn217 writes "Over at ExtremeTech, I just reviewed a few strange new keyboards--and they're pretty "out there". On Monday, we posted a review of a vertical keyboard (imagine a standard keyboard split in half, with both side vertical). Today we posted the review of something that doesn't even resemble a keyboard--it's a whole new system of input. Tomorrow and for the rest of the week, we'll be posting new reviews of strange, but interesting input devices."

tsetem writes "Over on ExtremeTech, they have a write-up on building your own Linux Media Jukebox for a little over $500 and a bit of elbow-grease. This is probably the PC we were hoping that the Lindows Media PC would've been." This particular project uses Freevo which has matured significantly since I last looked at it.

ATi is bringing out their new card, the Radeon 9800 Pro, and all of the hardware review sites which depend on ATi's generosity for pre-release hardware have released their necessarily favorable reviews. Here's a few: Hothardware.com, Hexus.net, HardOCP.com, Anandtech, Tom's Hardware, Extremetech, PCWorld.

MarkRH writes "Over at ExtremeTech, we tracked down some Intel roadmaps that discuss "Grantsdale", Intel's most important chipset in nearly a decade. Grantsdale brings PCI Express to the PC, so get ready to toss out your motherboard, AGP graphics card, and maybe a host of other components, too. Also check out our articles on the "Tejas" microprocessor, Intel's first CPU to forego pins (check out the waffle iron socket!), as well as the real reason Banias saves so much power."

MarkRH writes "Over at ExtremeTech, we tracked down some Intel roadmaps that discuss "Grantsdale", Intel's most important chipset in nearly a decade. Grantsdale brings PCI Express to the PC, so get ready to toss out your motherboard, AGP graphics card, and maybe a host of other components, too. Also check out our articles on the "Tejas" microprocessor, Intel's first CPU to forego pins (check out the waffle iron socket!), as well as the real reason Banias saves so much power."

MarkRH writes "Over at ExtremeTech, we tracked down some Intel roadmaps that discuss "Grantsdale", Intel's most important chipset in nearly a decade. Grantsdale brings PCI Express to the PC, so get ready to toss out your motherboard, AGP graphics card, and maybe a host of other components, too. Also check out our articles on the "Tejas" microprocessor, Intel's first CPU to forego pins (check out the waffle iron socket!), as well as the real reason Banias saves so much power."

MarkRH writes "Over at ExtremeTech, we tracked down some Intel roadmaps that discuss "Grantsdale", Intel's most important chipset in nearly a decade. Grantsdale brings PCI Express to the PC, so get ready to toss out your motherboard, AGP graphics card, and maybe a host of other components, too. Also check out our articles on the "Tejas" microprocessor, Intel's first CPU to forego pins (check out the waffle iron socket!), as well as the real reason Banias saves so much power."

ltwally writes "As reported on Slashdot (amongst other sites) recently, the latest version of TurboTax is laden with DRM software. Even worse, however, is that it apparently writes to your hard drive's boot-sector , as reported at Extreme Tech here. As I'm sure most Slashdotters already know, the boot-sector is often times used for silly things like boot-loaders and such. "

ltwally writes "As reported on Slashdot (amongst other sites) recently, the latest version of TurboTax is laden with DRM software. Even worse, however, is that it apparently writes to your hard drive's boot-sector , as reported at Extreme Tech here. As I'm sure most Slashdotters already know, the boot-sector is often times used for silly things like boot-loaders and such. "

Harle writes "Today AMD has introduced a new version of the Athlon, codenamed "Barton," that features twice as much L2 cache as previous chips. Along with the increase in L2 cache comes an increase in the Athlon's performance rating -- specifically the new 2.17 GHz chip is rated at 3000+. The clockrate is actually slighly lower than the Athlon XP 2800+'s 2.25 GHz speed, so the question becomes "Does the cache improve performance enough to counter the loss in clockspeed?" For the most part, the answer seems to be "yes," however, it doesn't unilaterally stand up to the 3.06 GHz Pentium 4. With the recent delay of the Athlon 64 to September, this is AMD's top desktop chip for some time to come. The reviews are starting to pop up at Ace's Hardware and Extremetech." There's also reviews on The Tech Report, SimHQ, HotHardware, EarthV, in Norwegian on Hardware.no, and last but not least AMD's press release. I'm sure there's many many more links, but I'm tired of pasting them all in here, so post 'em below. *grin*

gjb6676 writes "An article over at ExtremeTech is covering recent game development projects on the Atari 2600. The amount of cartridge space they have to work with is a sobering thought: 'A two-word file in Word 2002, for example, requires 20 Kbytes. "That's 20 Kbytes, five times the amount of (ROM) space developers had to work with in the 2600.'"

phatvibez writes "Cnet is running a story that says 'Several companies have joined to launch a consortium to promote Linux for desktop computers, a significant expansion for an operating system that today fits more comfortably on servers.' This is great news, I hope they actually do something and we see some great stuff come from this!" Another submission on this note: TweetZilla writes "According to ExtremeTech, Suse is taking a play from Xandros. Crossover Office and Plugin are now bundled into Suse's desktop to provide Windows and Office compatibility." Update: 02/04 18:18 GMT by T : Here's a link to the consortium's web site.

Defender2000 writes "GeForce FX NDA lifted today, reviews are up at ExtremeTech, Tom's Hardware, and HardOCP. So far, it is indeed better overall than the 9700Pro, but not enough for it's price. Perhaps NVIDIA has something up its sleeve for the long term?" There's also a review at Anandtech, about which reader StrongBad writes "Unlike the rest of the reviews, however, wonderboy gets down and dirty with the FX's antialiasing and anisotropic filtering methods using some nifty on mouseover java commands."

Robin Miller has posted his third Linuxworld story. Theevilbalrog sent in a link to some LWCE photos. Some other Linuxworld-related stories include this one about open source in government and this one covering some of the many Linux business stories at the expo.

I was at the Expo on Thursday and Friday. Some of my impressions of the conference:

It's getting more business-y and less geeky every year. There are a lot of reasons for that, and it isn't all bad, but it's still vaguely sad to see.

HP and IBM accounted for about half the floor space - seriously. The Expo promoters must have played the two companies off against each other as far as conference participation went, and besides the large areas devoted to these companies, there were other large sections that were intended to represent an average company solving all its problems with Linux - these areas were jointly sponsored by HP, IBM and the other big companies at Linuxworld. It was - quite - as if the entire conference was owned by IBM and HP, but it was pretty close.

There was virtually no BSD presence. I think I saw some NetBSD people - that was it.

The .org pavilion is still going strong - while the rest of the conference is getting more business-oriented (fewer engineers and more salesdrones), the non-profit free and open source software area is still sizable and well-attended.

There were fewer "check out our neat new hardware gadget running Linux" booths and more "buy an expensive rack server running Linux from us" booths.

Linux.conf.au sucked a fair number of the geekiest attendees away from LWCE. Okay, the Australian conference is a lot smaller, but it's still dumb to schedule them simultaneously.

quackking writes "Uh-oh! Looks bad for RFC 2068! Kudos to WhiteHat out of Santa Clara, CA for this one. ALL current web servers comply with this RFC, which means they ALL are vulnerable to this newly named attack - XST - cross-site-trace. When misused, TRACE, part of the HTTP protocol, allows an unauthorized script to be passed to a Web server for execution even if the server is secured against running such scripts. Even devices like web-managed routers are open to this."

NerveGas writes "Sony is apparantly going to stop producing 17- and 19-inch CRTs, in favor of LCDs. It seems a bit soon to drop CRTs completely, seeing as how LCDs still have less than 30% of the market share. Maybe since their patent on Trinitron screens expired, they're not able to command ridiculous margins any more." Smaller CRTs? I've got a couple 19" Sony monitors here, and I've always considered them to be a good size.

IrateSurf writes "ExtremeTech has a story about a new use of embedded Linux from Onkyo, which runs a home music server. Their NAS-2.3 has a CD-player as well as an 80GB hard drive for storing music and streaming it to other players on the an Ethernet network. Also check out the web site for the NAS-2.3." If only they would make it record radio, too ...

IrateSurf writes "ExtremeTech has a story about a new use of embedded Linux from Onkyo, which runs a home music server. Their NAS-2.3 has a CD-player as well as an 80GB hard drive for storing music and streaming it to other players on the an Ethernet network. Also check out the web site for the NAS-2.3." If only they would make it record radio, too ...

Frank Buckheimer writes "The CES 2003 show in Las Vegas will give us some pretty nice introductions of some brand new products." Other submitters sent in news about a "Mini PC" the size of a paperback book, and a spiffy digital sound projector. mbstone writes "Bill Gates announced a line of MS wristwatches that receive email, stock quotes, sports scores, etc. by FM radio. Gates claims it's a 'whole new product concept that was completely incubated by Microsoft Research,' but it's really just a reprise of the Seiko MessageWatch -- mine became just a watch, sans atomic time, as of 12/31/99 when Seiko called it quits. Once bitten, twice shy. Has anybody proposed an open standard for such gadgets so that new wristwatch-data-service providers can enter the market when the old provider leaves?"