Embedded Linux In Onkyo's Home Music Server
IrateSurf writes "ExtremeTech has a story about a new use of embedded Linux from Onkyo, which runs a home music server. Their NAS-2.3 has a CD-player as well as an 80GB hard drive for storing music and streaming it to other players on the an Ethernet network. Also check out the web site for the NAS-2.3."
If only they would make it record radio, too ...
...rip CDs to MP3s? It seems like that would be a pretty good feature to have in a portable CD/mp3 player.
Repeal the DMCA!
They must be rich if they can afford to have 80gigs worth of legal copies of their music...
if each album takes 80megs about.. then the hd can hold 1000 albums... 1000 albums at 20$ an album is 20,000$ !
Who can afford to spend that much on music?
Stanley Feinbaum, professional journalist and master debater! God bless the USA!
The only reason I keep my Windows partition is so I can mount it like the bitch that it is.
"If only they would make it record radio, too ..."
See archos for devices that record raido directly into mp3. They have a hard drive and a smart media device that does that i beleive. Plus they keep the last 30 seconds of audio in memory in case the song you want has already started you can still get the begining.
-Foxxz
mod this flamebait if you must but I gotta ask, what does it really matter what OS it's running?
It could run TRS-DOS for all I care as long as it gets the job done efficiently.
Legal mp3's don't have to come off a $20 CD.
Check acidplanet.com mp3.com mp3.com.au spinwarp.com etc etc etc
Buckets,
pompomtom
"There's an exception to every rule. Except for some rules"
Onkyo (www.onkyousa.com) is one of the better-known Japanese manufacturers of home theater gear. Recently, the company has begun building audio and home theater equipment with built-in Ethernet ports, rather than some proprietary connectivity scheme. PC Magazine wrote about one of Onkyo's product, the NC500 Net-Tune Receiver. However, the Net-Tune receiver is perhaps the least interesting of the products, offering the now-familiar paradigm -- the digital receiver that can route music from your PC to your home audio system. The NC500 does have a stereo amplifier, but is otherwise similar to products from Turtle Beach, Sonic Blue and others. However, Onkyo is bringing Ethernet capability to a full-fledged, Dolby Digital/DTS 7.1 receiver in it's TX-NR900, THX-Select certified home theater receiver. The TX-NR900 offers 110 watts RMS into 7 channels, supports all the major surround sound standards and can act as a Net-Tune client, allowing you to pipe the digital music from your PC directly to your home theater rack. In addition to the usual array of input and output ports is a standard, 10 megabit Ethernet port.
That's pretty cool, but that's not all. Onkyo also sells a line of high-end gear targeted towards custom installations under its Integra brand. Onkyo offers products similar to the NC500 and TX-NR900, but with additional capabilities. What's most interesting, though, is the Integra NAS-2.3 Net-Tune Server.
At first blush, the NAS-2.3 seems like a CD player, but it also has an embedded 80GB hard drive. So now it appears to be like any number of digital music players on the scene. But the NAS-2.3 also has a 10/100 Ethernet port, and is capable of acting as a music server to a network of Net-Tune devices. Running on the Integra product is an embedded Linux operating system, which acts as the server software.
The NAS-2.3 can support up to 12 simultaneous streams to Net-Tune receivers or other clients. You can have different tracks playing in multiple rooms, move music to a PC, display a playlist on most types of displays (the NAS-2.3 has VGA, S-Video and composite video outputs) and can even connect up to CDDB to download track information on various CDs.
One other interesting aspect of the NAS-2.3 is the availability of an empty drive sled inside the box, allowing users or installers to add additional hard drive space. You can't use a standard, PC-formatted hard drive, according to Eric Harper, Integra's Custom Installation and Product Manager. The formatting is somewhat different, but a knowledgeable user or installer should be able to add another drive to the server.
So if you don't want the headache of building your own music server from a PC, then the NAS-2.3 can integrate into your home Ethernet network, co-existing quite well with your PC systems. It's an intriguing idea that embraces the PC network, rather than trying to remain isolated.
NNY News with a twist of lime.
If someone were to make a single-chip implementation of the S/390 architecture, put it onto an embedded evaluation board along with massive amounts of flash ROM and memory, and run it off of a couple of car batteries (okay, this would only last a few minutes, but still...) would that make OS/390 an embedded OS?
Because thats practically the same thing as all this "embedded" linux talk.
why do they have to make these so big?? mp3 players are tiny and handheld. Cd players are handheld. You could combine the 2 into a device a bit smaller than a portable DVD player. (You know, the ones with their own screens.) What would be neat is a handheld with wireless connectivity built in so that you could transfer your mp3s to it over Wi-Fi. That would rock. Now, back to the Linux issue. I know this has been posted above, but if you can't install anything on it, and it functions correctly, who in hell cares what it runs?
I'd like one to work more like a radio Tivo. Say I always listen to Neal Boortz and Sean Hanity, then maybe the machine will sugest old Rush. Or if I always listen to the new rock station, maybe save the new rock show (or what ever the call radio segments) on a different station. Of cource without any real listings of radio shows, like a radio TV Guide, all that may be asking to much...
Business News and Resources: www.usasource.net
no it's not cool.
Live life to the fullest. It's not that life is short, but that you are dead for so long.
It mentions that files must be in mp3 or pcm format. Now alot of my music is actually in ogg. First, if it's embeded linux, will there be a means by which we can install other codecs? (say ssh or such.) Second, will there be a supplied means to upgrade the hard drive? (I know you might not need 80gigs for your legal collection but my illegal collections already over that. by far.)
I do security
But recording off the radio could mean the end of the music industry as we know it!!
_nfotxn
I love the ease of CD's on an HD, but as a semi-audiophile I want something that does uncompressed audio.
The last unit from Integra (Made into an Onkyo brand) also offered digital out but only for MP3s. If you played PCM the digital out turned off! Anyone know if this unit does the same thing?
AFAIK iMerge UK is the only company that has given RIAA the finger and offers PCM digital out, oh, and their players are much cooler but also more expensive.
I would question the market viability of a device designed to copy songs from the radio. When you copy a CD that you bought and paid for, you are buying the material on the CD. You are purchasing a copy. When you hear a song on the radio, you are hearing performance of the song. An artist/record company makes money for every copy and performance made. If you buy a CD and copy it (assuming that you don't share it or anything) just to listen to it on a device such as this, you aren't taking any more than what you paid for. But if you copy from the radio, you are. In fact this was the basis for the case against radio stations streaming broadcasts over the internet, because temporary copies of songs were made on the user's hard drive therefore making it a copy. Most of you have probablly heard of that case. Most radio stations have ceased to do so because of this, and are fighting it as well. I'm not trying to defend the RIAA in any way. However, a device that would facilitate copying of music from the radio would definitely come under serious fire from the RIAA, IMHO.
--
Adobe's anti-counterfeiting softw
Does this thing support zeroconf?
It would be nice to see one of these new zeroconf enabled TiVo reading its music off one of these.
Maybe I missed it, but I didn't see ethernet as one of the input sources. I have that 1400 legal MP3s ripped from my CDs--I'm not sure I want to go thru that again.
I wonder what the management interface looks like on one of these things. Do they provide software to upload/download/delete files off of it? If so, do they have a Java/Linux version? If not, does the box have an API, so you can write your own software for it? Can you control the device remotely? I would like to be able to control the playing from my pc, and preferable from a Java interface instead of a command line.
I know can get similar functionality using pc hardware, but this looks nicer and just seems proper.
Sorry for the subject line, but that's what I think whenever I see one of these embedded Linux stories--"For all I care it's powered by gerbils running in exercise wheels." Am I happy to see Linux get a little positive press? Sure, but let's not read more into this than it deserves. The rest of the world won't know this thing has "Linux Inside", nor will they care. The Linux crowd should be focused on the real battleground, the desktop, and derailing MS's monopoly.
Does anyone care what Yoko Ono does?
Oh, ONKYO. Sorry...
I embedded my "Linux" in Timothy's mom's "server" last night, if you know what I mean.
They marked a perfectly valid criticism of the plan the same way they would a crapflood about Old Kike. Thanks guys.
No. In fact, there is a product on the market that can stream music in three different wireless paths, 802.11b, 802.11g and bluetooth, along with gigabit ethernet. The system uses an open source operating system, you can address it via http, ssh, X11 or you can roll your own access system, its portable, has a fold-out LCD screen and is so thin, it can fit under a typical AV receiver. You can read more about it here.
Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government.
Of all the "music server" products i've seen on the market, i've yet to see one that has redundant hard drives. Maybe these things haven't been on the market long enough, but eventually the hard drives in these devices will fail, and when they do, there are going to be some very pissed off consumers out there.
Until recently, audio gear manufacturers never had to worry about the storage media. When you bought the music, you bought a hard copy of that media (cd, record, tape...etc). I understand that these devices still require you to purchase the "hard copy" of the music, but do you want to re-rip 500 CDs just because your hard drive went clunk-clunk?
-ted
hi, how's the family ?
-AP
A rendezvous enabled wireless device that ties into my music collection (yes, iTunes). The reality of the situation is, if Apple doesn't release it, we won't see it for at least a year. Well, depending on how the HomePod is made, maybe it could incorporate rendezvous...
:)
Anyone have any home brew devices in the works? Maybe now's the time to start
Has anybody found a link for the protocol specifications? I looked around on the Onkyo site and didn't find them.
Ethernet is great, but not if I have to reverse engineer the protocol in order to serve music to the receiver.
I understand getting tired of people here, but you gotta know that's your problem and not theirs. People have a right to post their opinion here. A lot of people know by posting "anti" opinions they get the opportunity to be "modded up" - it's just a game to them, and there's nothing you can do. Upping your threshold doesn't really help because trolls get modded up and a lot of good comments come too late to be modded at all. I read at 0 and just zoom down my scrollwheel until something catches my attention that looks interesting.
I don't think there's really a solution other than to move on. Either put up with it here, or go somewhere else where the conversation is more intelligent. Unfortunately i'm not sure many other sites online have this kind of feel to them. OpenBSD Journal can be nice, but a lot of foul-mouthed children have turned up recently. kuro5hin used to be okay, but in my eyes it's gotten way too clique-y and faux intellectual for me. A friend of mine loves InfoAnarchy but that's very specific to "Your Rights Online" kind of posts. I don't know, i don't have any solutions. For the time being i pop in here every day or two and see what's going on. Whatever, you know? It's just a website.
I got a sig so you would remember me.
This is nothing more than a simple "I agree" . I think that many times we get carried away with trying to "protect" rights we've never had, like taping the radio, which may have been tolerated in the past, we're now realizing is quite illegal, as you pointed out quite well in distinguishing it as a performance. I think a more rational approach such as yours is needed to make sure that we do get our digital media however we want.
This is my digital signature. 10011011001
The Xbox definitely has all the hardware bits to make an awesome media box (ethernet adapter, reasonable sound output, big hard disk, available remote control), but Microsoft seems much more restrictive than Sony in letting developers access the ports... (on PS2 you can pretty much write any USB device driver you like, but on Xbox you can't talk to anything but Xboxes or Microsoft servers via the ethernet...)
Onkyo is smart for using Linux. Nearly all the Pacific Rim (Sony, Pioneer, Panasonic, ect.) manufacturers are testing it or are ready to deploy because they don't need to pay out royalties per unit, can share innovations with each other, and can share data with each other's units over 100Mb Ethernet or 802.11x or whatever. The most important thing to remember is they don't need to spend huge amounts on R&D. Linux will become the Linga Franca of consumer electronics, unless Microsoft buys one of the big players and twists everyone's arm to go along. Maybe not even then, as the long term gains are too big. And most Japanese electronics manufacturers are thinking very long term.
And yes these babies are BIG! And HEAVY! At 110 RMS per CH. Thats 660 Watts out, all discrete. No output IC's. Not to mentions pre amp and video switching. Schwweett.
Inputs:
Audio and AV Inputs - 3/6
HDTV-Ready Component Video Input/Output - 2/1
Front-Panel Video Input (with S-Video) - Yes
S-Video Compatible Jacks Input/Output - 6/3
Digital Inputs:
5 Optical (1 Front Panel), 3 Coaxial
Digital Output - 2 Optical Amp In
RS-232 Control Port
IR In/Out - 1/1
I may be bad with names, but I'll never forget your IP address
Onkyo's site says the ethernet hookup thing uses "Net-Tune". They offer Windows Net-Tune software on their site, but only if you have one of their boxes. Does anyone know anything about this Net-Tune? Anyone reverse engineer this yet? I have done some google searches but I haven't found anything worthwhile yet...
:-)
I've spent a substantial amount of time getting all my cd's onto my linux server (240 gigs worth! (flacs, not mp3s)). If I could get my machine to spew out my music using the Net-Tune protocol, Onkyo just might get some of my money!
-David
There. Now go play some cool javascript games!
I have 75G of legal mp3s at 160kbps. Over 1000 songs off 1200 albums.
Yes, it does cost a lot to accumulate so much music.
If there is GPL'd software included in the Onkyo hardware, is a violation of the GPL not to include acessible source in this distribution?
Sansui and Onkyo were renowned in the 80's for low-low-low-distortion amps and high-end recievers. This company has been in the consumer-audiophile business for a long time. I remember touch-sensitive controls and FM lock WAAAY before these things became maintsream. It doesnt surprise me that they are "pioneering" new ideas in consumer A/V appliances.
Dennis
Integra + Onkyo, please market this in the UK!
:-)
At last a networked digital audio recording and storage device that actually looks like a proper piece of hifi gear for the rack in the lounge.
While there are several units along these lines on the market now, they haven't really respected the basic ergonomic and stylistic standards for hifi separates in the modern home until now. This product seems to be the closest so far --- I want one, purchaseable here with a UK warranty!
"The question of whether machines can think is no more interesting than [] whether submarines can swim" - Dijkstra
You can't use a standard, PC-formatted hard drive, according to Eric Harper, Integra's Custom Installation and Product Manager. The formatting is somewhat different, but a knowledgeable user or installer should be able to add another drive to the server.
Anyone know which format is used? I wonder if when they say you can't use a PC standard format, that maybe they really mean you cannot use FAT/VFAT/NTFS?? I certainly hope it is something standard so that you won't have to buy a second/replacement drive from Onkyo - I would imagine that their prices for a drive with a proprietary format would be much more expensive than a standard drive.
Looks pretty cool otherwise....I can definitely attest to the fact that Onkyo makes very solid audio gear. I have an older Onkyo receiver that I have had for almost 10 years, and I'm still impressed by the sound quality.
\/\/oobie
when you can get the same thing with a nice Amp/preamp + an audiotron? and the audiotron uses STANDARD communications protocols...
this onkyo thing will be a flop and is a piece of crap.
if I have to load ANY software on my computer to use it... it is 100% crap.
so can anyone tell me why is it that only turtle beach is the only compnay without their heads firmly planeted up their asses in these devices?? make it play the mp3/wav/wma(ick... remove wma they suck) in the frigging box, make it act like a regular SMB computer device and it will make everyone from windows-linux-mac-os2-Be happy.
the audiotron isnt' fantastic, but at least it's not some lame attempt at locking down your life like these things continue to be.
Hey Onkyo.. I will reccomend to EVERYONE on this planet to not buy your product until you make it work WITHOUT any "special software" until thenn you guys are no-talent hacks... get out of the computer arena.
http://www.net-tune.net
From the Onkyo FAQ:
While WAV, WMA, MP3 are supported formats, there are many variations of these. Please check that the bitrates used are compatible and if certain files will not play back, check the following: * The file must not be saved in a system folder, such as C:\Windows or C:\WINNT. * WMA file contains Digital Rights Management (DRM) which prevents reproduction on other devices. * The WAV file is not in RIFFWAVE format or is corrupt. Format Bitrate Sampling Frequency WAV(PCM) ---- 32k/44.1k/48kHz MP3 All 32k/44.1k/48kHz WMA 32/36/40/44/48/64/80/96/128/160/192bps 32k/44.1k/48kHz
Further, it uses DHCP to get an IP address. And needs ports 60096,60097. But that is of course all useless information until I actually find one of these machines.
The Integra is really a rebadged Imerge product, who are based in Cambridge. It is known as the SoundServer S2000 - http://www.imerge.co.uk/products/improductshtml/ip main.html
Of course, there may be some functional difference, but otherwise they look identical. Costs £1599 - AS this is Slashdot, I bet most people would just build their own audio server PC and slap in a nice sound card (M-Audio Delta 410 audio card offers slightly better specification) and with some interesting software, you could have a relatively cheap multi-room audio server which supports say, OGG Vorbis, APE, SHN, etc.
It doesn't matter to me in the least. Onkyo makes some of the shittiest components I've ever used. I had a CD changer fail within 3 years, an amp fail within 5 years, and the sound quality coming out of even their "high end" models sucks ass. Onkyo could be running a full graphical interface of OSX, and I still wouldn't buy another one of their products. They make Sony look good by comparison.
..another beautiful audio server that I won't think of buying because it doesn't support Vorbis. And it only supports MP3 at 2 CBR bitrates (128, 320kbps) and 192kbps VBR.
---- Politics: Kissing ass and pointing blames.
Did anyone look at the rear of the Network Audio Server.. It has S-Video out.. now, this creates some more interesting possibilities.. does this thing have On Screen browsing of MP3's? - do you reckon it could be upgraded to play back Mpeg4 video content.
.avi's off my Mac, or from the internal harddrive, or off the inernal CD player.. That's the convergence I am looking for (while I wait for BroadQ to release a PAL version...
If that were the case.. I would buy one tomorrow. Playing
If it supported Rendezvous, I might care about it. It doesn't appear to, so I don't.
I don't want to rip all of my CDs into a box in my living room. I want to rip them into my home server and then stream and download them to different devices around my house.
mbbac
if you can read Norwegian, else I am sure a Nordmann will translate...
I know a guy from college who worked at a *LIBRARY*. He was about 22 years old and had well over a thousand CDs.
if your Canadian, you can LEGALLY copy Audio CDs. Your CDR blanks have a tax that goes DIRECTLY to some RIAA-whore group -- in exchange, you can copy any CD you please for yourself...
so, go on down to the library with your burner and have at it.
Too bad they didn't put a PCMCIA slot in there so I could stick a WIFI card in. THen I wouldn't have to run ethernet back to where my entertainment closet is.
"The only way to catch tiger cubs is to go into the tiger's den."
BTW, I've seen at least one BMG album (CD100 "protected") which does not have the "Compact Disc Digital Audio" logo. Wonder if they are doing that to prevent people from complaining ("hey, we don't even claim this is a CD!").
What the article doesn't mention, but you can find by digging around for screenshots, is that the back panel has not only ethernet outputs, but a VGA, USB and modem connections.
Dunno how useful the modem would be, but it sounds like you could probably hook-up a USB keyboard and monitor, and get a shell on this device.
Tuus crepidae innexilis sunt.
with a wireless bridge, like the ones that linksys makes. Maybe others do too, but the the linksys ones I've seen on sale for (iirc) about $70, which is not much different from current pricing on wireless PCMCIA cards ...
timothy
jrnl: http://tinyurl.com/c2l8yr / foes: http://tinyurl.com/ckjno5
* Buy used CDs from Rasputin's Records, just make sure they're fairly new and in good shape. ....profit! Well, have lots of CDs, anyway. That's how I made my CD collection. Now, everything has been ripped to mp3 and the original CDs are in a box in storage. I got tired of having them get scratched/stolen/lost.
* Go to The Wherehouse
* Take advantage of old policy and manager that your brother sells pot to and exchange used CDs that suck for new CDs that you want.
The Wherehouse also had a policy of accepting any coupon from other stores. One summer we found a big pile of "3 free movie rental" coupons.
I don't think that I left the house all freekin summer, and boy, did we see a lot of crappy movies.
Assuming you've already got a big ass hard drive full of tunes sitting on a pc in your house (hands up?) then I think you'd be better off with QCast Tuner for your PS2. Your PS2's already hooked up to your hifi, right? Stick this on it and add a network card and you can use your PS2 as a media player over ethernet from your PC. Alternately, if Onkyo added a Kazaa Lite client to it...If this is running a form of Linux is it practical to add this?
If that site is so extreme why are they using ASP?
These countless manufacturers making home audio MP3 devices with integrated hard drives are missing the point: you want a single point of storage in your house for MP3's, or you are going to have chaos.
Networks are not just for web-browsing. They're also for sharing files, like those MP3's. And if you're going to have them somewhere, you might as well have them on your PC where:
(1) You can rip with that expensive Athlon or PPC processor using LAME
(2) There exist myriad MP3 control tools like id3tool and mp3gain
(3) Your portable MP3 player hooks up
(4) You may be downloading files from mp3.com or other places
(5) [Important] You have a chance of keeping the hard drive and fan whines away from your audio equipment
Thus, you want the home audio component you buy to simply get its music off the network. Audiotron and SLiMP3 do just that, which makes them the only reasonable such devices.
Between them, I prefer the Audiotron because it has digital output, which means I can use the expensive DAC in my receiver rather than the cheap one in the unit. The SLiMP3 is impressively flexible, though!
It has a hard disk, networking, usb and a VGA/tv out and runs embedded linux.
Does this mean you can hook this to your tv and use it as a linux computer?
Mpeg/divx playback anyone?
I never saw a link or any info on where/how to buy one...
CDs (and more: AIFF) was designed in 1980/81 when CD's were being come up with. Computers were a roaring 1MHz (I still have a working Apple ][+), DSP's were primitive by today's standards. Anything that played music had to be able to stream pairs of 16 bit samples at 44.1kHz and spew it out the audio channels.
There wasn't a lot of room to do math on that data.
With 2GHz processors available, and ASICs that can be tuned for a single algorithm for even more processing, we can compress the hell out of sound.
No, your issue is lossy compression.
The proprietary (ok, "non-free") mp3 algorithm makes some compromises. Losing data above 20Khz and below 30Hz isn't much of an issue. Well, it's an issue for the same fools who spend $50 on Monster speaker cable when all the high end ($15k+) installers I know use zip cord/lampcord. An oscilloscope can tell the difference, maybe a discerning dog. That's about it.
Lossy MP3's are just fine with most players even. Small radio's, cars, other relatively innaccurate environments won't ever hear the difference. But cause I'm an ex-sound guy, I rip at 192 and above.
Speaking things (meeting, etc) are fine at 64Mb/s. A 128Mb/s through 6000 Watts of good PA system doesn't sound as good as a CD. But I've also found that Joe Laptop has pretty miserable audio outputs, so I use a Roland UA-5 and digital transfers.
For the compulsive, I'd offer that Reel-Reel is STILL far better than CD quality.
[I haven't checked out the (sony proprietary?) SA-CD, but it seems more like a desperate move by the manufacturers to do their churn on media. CD's have been around 20 years, where cassettes were leading for only 15 years and 8 tracks died out after only 10 years or so. Manufacturers must be dying with people using players that are 12 years old and just fine.]
Are very high sample rates "Good Enough"?
I dunno. I would offer that a lot of popular music out there doesn't really have much dynamic range (difference between the loudest parts and quietest parts). FM radio broadcasts don't have much fidelity at all (from an argument with someone who insisted on burning FM recordings to CD as AIFF rather than just MP3'ing them).
I'd be delighted to see an algorithm that had a "compress like hell (lots of math), but don't LOSE DATA". If there's 2 seconds of an unvarying note (more likely from a synth than a voice or analog instrument), then it can be stored as "play this list of tones for 2 seconds". Encode a horizontal line in GIF and you get the notion.
Maybe a best answer is actually recording the tracks in the studio digitally (which they do) and encoding them with a notion that of the 24 tracks, many of them never need become analog (synths, etc) and can be stored in a better manner from the start.
I hear otherwise. You should know we can check your IP.
Whoever moderated this as flamebait must like wasting money on cd's. Can you send me some money too? I'd really like to understand why anyone would waste more the $2 on a cd. I say screw the record companies, I'm not giving them any more of my money. Some times I download music I haven't payed for, but not very often. I'm really losing interest in new music. I mostly just listen old cd's I've ripped on to my computer. I do put them up on gnutella sometimes though. I can't wait to hear about a major record company going out of business. Hopefully it will happen in the next couple of years.
Will I have access to source/documentation to customize this linux?
If not, I think this kind of item would be frustrating as I am likely to end up with a dream of doing something totally different with this embedded computer...
You know, some networked remote control for it for instance... arg... must... stop... thinking!
A.D. 1517: Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door and is promptly moderated down to (-1, Flamebait).
This is an especially good time for you vacationers who plan to fly, because
the Reagan administration, as part of the same policy under which it
recently sold Yellowstone National Park to Wayne Newton, has "deregulated"
the airline industry. What this means for you, the consumer, is that the
airlines are no longer required to follow any rules whatsoever. They can
show snuff movies. They can charge for oxygen. They can hire pilots right
out of Vending Machine Refill Person School. They can conserve fuel by
ejecting husky passengers over water. They can ram competing planes in
mid-air. These innovations have resulted in tremendous cost savings which
have been passed along to you, the consumer, in the form of flights with
amazingly low fares, such as $29. Of course, certain restrictions do apply,
the main one being that all these flights take you to Newark, and you must
pay thousands of dollars if you want to fly back out.
-- Dave Barry, "Iowa -- Land of Secure Vacations"
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