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Looking at the graphs, the models seem to reproduce the overall features pretty well. Heres the comparison graph from the paper you cite: http://www.pnas.org/content/11...

There are still some variances in the details, but overall, it's the way science works-- you start with getting the overall shape right, and then progressively refine details.

I should point out that it's hard to match the details of the Holocene thermal max because the details aren't really known. It's not even really clear if it was a global effect, or local-- looks like the arctic and northern Europe had a thermal max, but southern Europe cooling, and it looks like the warming was in summer, but not winter. Check out, for example: http://www.sciencedirect.com/s... http://www.nature.com/ngeo/jou... http://www.medeltid.su.se/Nedl...

Yep, that is a peer-reviewed paper published by actual climatologists. So much for that "consensus", eh?

It's very tempting to say "here's one paper by one group that shows a discrepancy, and thus that overturns everything we thought we knew!" -- but that's only the way science works in the movies. In the real world, science really is a cooperative endeavor. Don't focus on any one paper-- that part about scientific consensus is actually important. You have many eyes looking at every paper, and many papers looking at different aspects of the problem.

But, in this case, the paper you're looking at merely says "here are some places where we need more details" (in the measurements, not just the models-- keep in mind that we know a lot more about contemporary climate than we do about the climate 10,000 years ago-- we directly measure the solar irradiance, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the global cloud cover, and the downwelling infrared, for example; all things that have to be inferred from proxies for the climate 10,000 years ago.

Actually no.

Researchgruppen is an ultra-leftist organization, run by people who have committed assaults. They are offering a 50 000 SKR bounty for someone to hack the Flashback site to de-anonymize their political opponents there.

These "racist" sites are the ones which post news without Swedish white pixelization and political correctness. However it is true that there are comments which are negative - just like comments in any media outlet.

What Expressen and Researchgruppen did was that they de-anonymized their political opponents. They are also targeting people who have nothing to do with Swedish Democrats, just ordinary people who disagree with the nation wide consensus of immigration and do not want lose their jobs for expressing their opinions.

As a Finnish citizen I am very worried of the state of democracy in Sweden. Swedish media is hell bent to destroy Swedish Democrats and they use any means. Swedish ultra left is extremely violent and seems to enjoy total freedom. It is not the ultra right or racists who do the majority of political violence in Sweden.

Outing political opponents and making a illegal registers of identities breaks Swedish and EU laws. Harassing people because of this also breaks laws, anonymous or not, people have right to express their opinions in the network and ordinary citizens can not expect to be chased by the media or extremely violent political groups because of that.

We Finns always joke how Swedes "Diskuterar" so much of everything but it seems we are little bit outdated on that belief. Swedish media do not want to have civilized discussion and extremist groups are using violence to advance their cause.

The correct pronoun in a single author paper is still "we". If you are unaware of this then why would anything else that you say about the state of the literature be credible?

For the [citation needed] crowd.

No, slander is illegal. "Insulting" was a bad word to use, "criticizing" would have been more correct. Currently you have to be very careful about objecting to anything done by a foreigner. Just look at this article (Finnish). Apparently police targeting pickpockets is now racist if most of the pickpockets happen to be foreigners.

Female circumcision is an extreme example that no sane person tolerates. The problem is that anything less in your face is tolerated, in the name of multiculturalism. That leaves plenty of room to oppress women.

You're wrong about the hotels. Two of them are in central Helsinki. One is in Kallio, which is probably the least popular central area, but still popular compared to locations further away. The totally insane one is in Punavuori (Finnish), one of the most sought after locations for apartments.

Nice strawman calling anti-immigrants skinheads. Most of us are against skinheads too. We're not willing to tolerate people who themselves don't tolerate anything. This includes both refugees from backwards cultures and skinheads of our own. Unfortunately the skinheads are already here, but the refugees can be stopped at the border without harming our democracy. I would also point out that most modern skinheads are more talk than action, and they should have free speech too.

You're being hopelessly naive believing that officials have any success "encouraging women to have more equal status" (", mmmkay"). In Stockholm, TEN percent (article in Swedish) of 15-year old girls are having trouble with honor culture. This is in one of the most accepting countries on the planet. Even worse, when the percentage of immigrants in one area becomes large enough, attacks against the local culture reach out of control status (Swedish). If you don't speak Swedish, part of the article points out that firemen had to stop responding to fires that weren't spreading because they were too afraid of violence.

The talk about integrating refugees is all talk and no action. In practice, the refugees are trying to bring their own oppressive culture with them - the one they claim to be fleeing from. Sure, some of them actually believe in freedom, but there is no effort at all to weed out those who actually deserve our protection. The same will happen in Finland unless it's stopped now.

The multiculturalist fanatics are also trying to destroy our democracy. A Dutch member of parliament was banned from entering the UK to address the House of Lords, because their government thought it would cause trouble.

The Finnish prime minister is a coward and a traitor to the constitution. When the muslim world was in uproar about the Danish political cartoons, he apologized on behalf of Finland that they were published here too. Apparently he thinks they should have been hidden from view so us subjects couldn't decide for ourselves whether there was anything wrong with them. The message is clear: anything that muslims find offensive shouldn't be free speech, and boy are there a lot of those things.

How is Microsoft holding free software innovation back? How is this Office Suite or Open Office more innovative than MS Office? At least they innovated the new Ribbons interface whereas OO seems to be stuck on cloning the older versions. The only better thing I've seen in OO was that it used a gzipped xml compared to the opaque binary files that MS Office uses, but this hardly matters for the business users out there.

Your questions are important ones and need good answers for those who don't see the obvious. I don't know if you read my blog entry "SCO finally dead! MS next?" even though I don't prove my statements there about Microsoft having hold free innovation back, merely indicates the explanation for those who have same type of insight as me, which is not rare, about 50% of the people I know have this insight.

However, if you are very young and have grown up with the PC only, no Unix, no Lisa, no Mac, no Amiga then I don't expect you to have this insight. To achieve this you need to care a lot about computers and have been around them for a few decades. For my own I took my MSc in engineering physics with a enhanced focus on computer science 1981. After that I was working with software development and systems design the next ten years, teaching, research and development the next ten years, resulting in a PhD in computer science 2003 (my thesis, pdf) and I am now working as a researcher and research consultant in own company when at the same time developing a new business idea a mass innovation concept Wish-IT® to encourage free innovation, to give consumers, manufacturers and investors what they want.

To make a few brief statements about Microsoft.

1. Bill Gates is smart, but he lacks visions and he doesn't really care much about computers and computer science. He is a hacker, but unfortunately lacking the philosophy and spirit of a hacker his interest was just to make money on computer hacks. OK, something he managed quite well though...
2. Bill Gates as being the

My serious and optimistic view: Soon we will see computing interoperability and software development flourish and we will look back upon the MS dominant time where they were holding free software innovation and interoperability back as an annoying historic paranthesis.

The next important step in the world of computing now is to Stop software patents! To achieve the similar stimulance to software development as when the movie industry moved to California to avoid the film patents that were holding the film industry back on the east coast.

Support FFII and EFF

I guess noone is seriously interested in OOXML any more, but I collected some arguments about our company's opinions about OOXML recently.

If you are interested in reading people's blogs, here is mine about SCO finally dead! MS next?

If someone is not too bored to read blogs about it, here is mine
SCO finally dead! MS next?

First I was shocked, then I believed that someone was pretending to be Miguel, but when checking his profile and all it seems as it really was Miguel saying this. I also had hard to imagine that he would have been paid by Microsoft to say this, so I really don't understand his motives.

Here in Sweden we are currently arguing with Klas Hammar, who is business area manager for Microsoft Sweden. Recently, in a a debate article (7th Sept, in Swedish) he claimed that OOXML is "future safe" and in another article (today 11th of Sept, also Swedish), he says "one could ask why it shouldn't become a standard".

For him and others I collected the documents I had studied before the decision to reject OOXML and put them here (all in English). It is a collection of some documents from e.g. Google, Oracle, Spain FFII, Italian PLIO etc which very clearly describes the flaws of OOXML. This page could probably be useful for Miguel to read as well. This is not to compete with <NO>OOXML, it is just to illustrate how we have come to this conclusion on our own.

We are not opposing OOXML by principle just because it's Microsoft, in fact we looked forward to the Microsoft XML format a few years ago, but that was before we understood how bad an "XML" specification could be designed. OOXML is a rough draft, nothing to take seriously as it appears now. I also have a blog entry about this if you want to send me some comments. (I'm not a blogger, otherwise)

(posted Anonymously as I pfafrich modertated this discussion)

A then Ph.D at the University of Stockholm provided with a much better construction of division by zero, called wheels. http://www.math.su.se/~jesper/research/wheels/ Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 14(1):143-184, Cambridge University Press, 2004

I haven't looked at those papers (and haven't time to now) but the video clip looked very like stuff that's been done before - a reinvention of the wheel even ;-)

http://www.math.su.se/~jesper/research/wheels/

Of the hundreds of comments attached to this story, yours is by far the most insightful and informative. I disagree with your polite "none very impressive", and think you're wrong about "none in global warming" and "unqualified scientist". That panel is composed of professional Greenhouse deniers. They are "impressive" and "qualified" to testify before a Canadian fake "Conservative" government that's hired by polluters to protect Canada's giant fossil fuel exports to the US (our #1 supplier). And probably dreams of a "warm Canada" their vast real estate holdings can finally cash in on as people "migrate" from uninhabitable regions to the south, while finally getting a year-round passage between East and West hemispheres across the Arctic.

Just look at their actual resumes, of course not quoted by "Canada's Fastest Growing Independent News Source", probably also funded by the Canadian Greenhouse industry and their global Murdoch partners.

Tim Patterson is a geologist, not a climate scientist - exactly the kind of scientist the BS article excludes to fake its conclusion that most Greenhouse scientists aren't qualified.
Boris Winterhalter is also a geologist, not a climatologist.
Geologists mostly work for the oil business, which is where most of the money for the entire science comes from, their peers who review, their "next gig pool".

Bob Carter doesn't even rate a page at his tiny Australian department where he's just an "Adjunct" professor.
Timothy Ball's "EnviroTruth" org is a division of the National Center for Public Policy Research, an front for Exxon Greenhouse denial propaganda and other Vast RightWing Conspiracy players.
Wibjörn Karlén's research supports Gore, but he signs the BS letter anyway.
Dick Morgan doesn't have an Exeter page, nor does he have ">any recorded association with the World Meteorological Association, so he has no credentials whatsoever, apart from lying.

These people are professional Greenhouse deniers. That Canadian panel and its Canadian tabloid (an obvious rightwing rag, just looking at its front page) are cheap fronts for the polluters responsible for the Greenhouse. They're not even trying to hide it more than a couple of googles and clicks deep, they hate us so much. And judging from the hundreds of posts in this story falling for it, we are that stupid.

Tim Patterson http://http-server.carleton.ca/~tpatters/publicati ons/2002_04.html

Bob Carter http://www.es.jcu.edu.au/research/msgbs.html

Timothy Ball http://www.envirotruth.org/drball.cfm

Boris Winterhalter http://www.kolumbus.fi/boris.winterhalter/papers.h tm

Wibjörn Karlén http://www.misu.su.se/research/reconstruction_nh.h tml Look the graphic of the papaer

Dick Morgan http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=Dick+Morg an+site%3Aexeter.ac.uk&btnG=SearchHe don't even have a page on Exeter

I have no doubts IE will have a very bright future!

To understand how this article could be published, you should be aware that for all scientific journals the editor has the last responsibility for accepting a paper, not the peer reviewers. In the case of Astrophysics and Space Science, the editorial board contains N.C. Wickramasinghe, who is one of the inventors of the panspermia theory. So, even although peer reviews might have been dodgy, it could have been an editorial decision to accept this paper.

I happen to know that Astrophysics and Space Science operates this way, as a manuscript I co-reviewed with a PhD student of mine several years ago appeared in the journal without taking any of our recommendations into account. This has not happened to me with any of the 30odd manuscripts I have refereed since and is even more astonishing since the journal decided to print the original manuscript, without even addressing the large number of grammatical mistakes and spelling errors pointed out by us (which were so bad that we, as referees, could not understand what the authors were trying to say). I have declined to referee for Astrophysics and Space Science since and consider the journal a "scientific tabloid" as opposed to a "scientific broadsheet". And you wouldn't believe the "Sun" and the "News of the World" either, right?

So, to conclude, "peer refereed" does not always mean what you might think it does, and although I am not a microbiology specialist, as long as a report on the "red rain" is not accepted by a mainstream journal, would doubt any claims made in the article.

At Stockholm university there allready is a Foo Bar

I'm going through similar 'growing pains' as I've added a powerbook recently. I've been plotting on how to move over the Itunes library, but maintain the playcounts and ratings.
At this point, after scouring the usual Ipod/Itunes sites (ipodlounge, ipoding, etc), I've resigned myself to manually updating the filename paths in the Itunes Library XML file.
Some things I've found along the way include these links that may be helpful:
Moving a nonstandard Itunes library

Moving a mac library to a new machine-this got me thinking about changing the filename paths

>Sony still patented the rest of the console, and the claims for, say, the graphics synthesizer still apply to a modded PS2.

Yeah. Exactly. That's why we don't have pirate consoles. We have modchips. A modchip doesn't replace _anything_ on a PS2, it simply adds to it. In the case of an XBOX, it's a little more complicated, since it *does* replace the BIOS chip, but let's stick to the PS2.

I can honestly say there's not a single Ubicom SX28 chip on a PS2 (because I've opened them). And, I know for a fact there's not a single line of Sony code in a modchip. If you don't believe me, you can download the source from team ICE yourself (I'll give you a link if you'd like).

>Did I say it was an oral contract? What's that written receipt that the store gave you?

You mean the one that says "All Sales Final" and doesn't mention anything about how I use the device at all?

Sure, I totally agreed to those terms. Heck, I'll even admit it: I ASKED FOR THEM!

>Did you see the high-speed Internet access demonstration table?

You have better best buys than us. I wish we had that at the Best Buy here. Oh well. It's new. Perhaps in the future...

As for the USC, glad you looked it up for me.

(c) TERRIBLY misquoted.

(b) Yay, cohersion law. Nothing new or interesting here.

(a) Uhhh, you realise that if read at face value this makes a regular person using a PS2 without a modchip liable, too, right? I *highly* doubt the simplified text there means what it says. *highly* doubt it.

But, hey, I'm not a lawyer. Let's see what a real one says, shall we?

In order to be held as a direct infringer of a United States patent under 35 USC 271(a), it is necessary during the life of the patent to have made, used, offered to sell [182] or sold what is claimed in the patent within the United States or to have imported the patented invention into the United States.

*what is claimed in the patent*. IE: You must either:

- Make a PS2 from scratch using the patent documents as your guide (fat chance)
- Use the patent document to help you make the modchip (wasn't done, since the patent documents weren't even CLOSE to detailed enough)
- Tried to sell the patent to someone
- Imported a PS2 to the US

They are *not* talking about the end product in any way, shape, or form. It's all about the patent itself. I suppose if I were to send a PS2 to the US, I'd be breaking the law. That's silly, but not a problem.

Here's case law on the matter.

ACRA assumed the court would conclude Lexmark
customers have that right due to what is called the "doctrine of
exhaustion." Roughly the patent law equivalent of the first sale
doctrine in copyright law, the doctrine of exhaustion says the patent
holder's rights cease - are "exhausted" -- once the product is actually
sold. Buyers have an implied license to use the patented product as they
see fit, including reselling it or fixing it.

Doctine of exhaustion:

Doctrine that holds that, once a copy of a copyrighted work is in circulation, the author has no further right to control its distribution.

Here's a document from a department of law, albeit from another country, upholding that the doctrine of exhaustion applies to patented items.

The doctrine of exhaustion of rights applies to patents. Thus, the specific object of a patent is the exclusive right to utilise an invention with a view to the manufacture and first putting into circulation of i

Oh fine, I'll do it.

From this link:

The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest model of our planetary system, at a scale of 1:20 million. The Sun is represented by the Globe arena in Stockholm, the largest spherical building in the world. The planets are placed and sized according to scale with the inner planets being in Stockholm and Jupiter (diameter 7.3 m) at the International airport Arlanda. The outer planets follow in the same direction with Saturn in Uppsala and Pluto in Delsbo, 300 km from the Globe. At each planet station, exhibits provide information about astronomy and the natural sciences, and also about related mythology and culture. The Stockholm Information Service is a sponsor of the project, like several museums, theaters, parks and scientific institutions.

"The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest model of our planetary system, at a scale of 1:20 million. The Sun is represented by the Globe arena in Stockholm, the largest spherical building in the world. The planets are placed and sized according to scale with the inner planets being in Stockholm and Jupiter (diameter 7.3 m) at the International airport Arlanda. The outer planets follow in the same direction with Saturn in Uppsala and Pluto in Delsbo, 300 km from the Globe. At each planet station, exhibits provide information about astronomy and the natural sciences, and also about related mythology and culture."

The world's current largest solar system model is located in Sweden, scale 1:20 million.

The largest model solar system is in Sweden, with the Globe Arena acting as the sun.

This swedish model seems to be the largest one, with a 1:20 million scale (Pluto - Sun distance is about 300 km). However, the british model will be even larger.

US broadcast 'censorship' by the FCC is closely tied in with licensing broadcast bandwidth- the government agencies choose not to license bandwidth to broadcasters they object to. These broadcasts are not technically illegal, but FCC is in essence threatening not to license public frequencies to those who don't comply with the 'rules'. They're nominally not censoring anyone, just selecting who gets access to a public resource (radio/TV bandwidth) As usual, government agencies seek to extend their power any way they can...

in link form

See for example http://www.juridicum.su.se/english/master/ipl/read ing Material/A Kur european_trademark_la.htm :

"Use of an identical or similar mark for goods or services which are not similar to those for which the mark is protected, if the mark has a reputation and if the use made of it takes unfair advantage of or is detrimental to the reputation or the distinctive character of the mark; Art. 9.1 c) CTMR; Art. 5.2 Dir."

Nah, he allready got a more honorable title - honorary doctor at Stockholm University (sorry, in swedish only).

Wow, do you think we could implement this with headers called Message-ID and In-Reply-To? And allow users to implement filters on the In-Reply-To or References headers?

Perhaps we could even create an RFC and give it the number 2822.

And if someone would only write a document describing how to correctly implement these headers in MUAs, we'd really be in business.

</sarcasm>

Really, it's a wonder that most mail clients make all of this so hard. Even Mozilla gets threading wrong, by refusing to allow them to be sorted by anything but Sent date, and always sorting them in your message list by the date of the *oldest* message in the thread, rather than the newest. It makes threads practically useless.

Despite my caustic comments above, it doesn't help that many popular client (like those by MS) don't properly implement In-Reply-To or References. As a result, most clients simply guess at threads by looking at Subjects.

The Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten has a story called Landmark 'proof' under heavy fire.

The Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten has a story called Landmark 'proof' under heavy fire.

Seriosly[sic] though, a hot Swedish mathematician? That's so much like my dreams it's scary.

Sorry to burst your bubble, but that looks like a wedding ring on her left hand ring finger.

is on her website. We are really a big bunch of nerds on Slashdot. We talk about how hot and sexy Elin is, but nobody actually calls her up :)

Her homepage has a hig res version of her picture. ;)

Her homepage has a hig res version of her picture. ;)

I know that this is Slashdot and that around here the looks of a mathematician are more important than her work, but if anyone is interested, here are a few pointers to get to know more.

First, a short description of Hilbert's problems at Wolfram: Hilbert's Problems -- from MathWorld.

Then, a link to a text of Hilbert's original lecture in Paris in 1900.

Next, a quote of the 16-th problem as laid out by Hilbert. (Sorry, no fancy LaTeX here.)

16. Problem of the topology of algebraic curves and surfaces

The maximum number of closed and separate branches which a plane algebraic curve of the n-th order can have has been determined by Harnack. There arises the further question as to the relative position of the branches in the plane. As to curves of the 6-th order, I have satisfied myself--by a complicated process, it is true--that of the eleven branches which they can have according to Harnack, by no means all can lie external to one another, but that one branch must exist in whose interior one branch and in whose exterior nine branches lie, or inversely. A thorough investigation of the relative position of the separate branches when their number is the maximum seems to me to be of very great interest, and not less so the corresponding investigation as to the number, form, and position of the sheets of an algebraic surface in space. Till now, indeed, it is not even known what is the maxi mum number of sheets which a surface of the 4-th order in three dimensional space can really have.

In connection with this purely algebraic problem, I wish to bring forward a question which, it seems to me, may be attacked by the same method of continuous variation of coefficients, and whose answer is of corresponding value for the topology of families of curves defined by differential equations. This is the question as to the maximum number and position of Poincare's boundary cycles (cycles limites) for a differential equation of the first order and degree of the form dy/dx = Y/X where X and Y are rational integral functions of the n-th degree in x and y. Written homogeneously, this is X(y dz/dt - z dy/dt) + Y(z dx/dt - x dz/dt) + Z(x dy/dt - y dx/dt) = 0, where X, Y, and Z are rational integral homogeneous functions of the n-th degree in x, y, z, and the latter are to be determined as functions of the parameter t.

Finally, I'll quote the abstract from Miss Elin Oxenhielm's article On the second part of Hilbert's 16th problem :

Let k be an integer such that k is larger than or equal to zero, and let H be the Hilbert number. In this paper, we use the method of describing functions to prove that in the Lienard equation, the upper bound for H(2k+1) is k. By applying this method to any planar polynomial vector field, it is possible to completely solve the second part of Hilbert's 16th problem.

Author Keywords: Second part of Hilbert's 16th problem; Hilbert number; Lienard equation; Describing function; Limit cycle; Polynomial vector field

To get the full text of the article you must apparently have a subscription of pay a $30 fee. It is easily available if you follow the directions from the author's page as I did.

Hope this helps

Now allow me for a few comments: solving one of Hilbert's problem is a huge achievement, even it's only part of one. What is even more stricking is that it's coming from a woman. Don't get me wrong, I'm no sexist, quite the contrary. What I mean is that only very few women made it to be recorded in the history of the mathematical science at large: other than Hypatia of Alexandria; Maria Gaetana Agnesi; Sophie Germain; Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace; Sofia Kovalevskaya; Emmy Noether, not many names come to mind. It would be really nice to add another one, to begin, and then work up from there.

Xavier

Don't forget the picture of her Interesting that they didn't scale down this photo for the her main page. In any event congrats to her!

Ohhhh...I know the look of that picture of her on the page...it looks like a far too big picture downscaled.

Looking at it's size proved it, almost a half megabyte!

Here is the big version:
without height/width tags

Almost 500 KB per visit should give that server some cute traffic.

I'm impressed by the sweedish girls at Stockholm University.

One

Two

Three

Four :)

Enjoy :)

I'm impressed by the sweedish girls at Stockholm University.

One

Two

Three

Four :)

Enjoy :)

I'm impressed by the sweedish girls at Stockholm University.

One

Two

Three

Four :)

Enjoy :)

I'm impressed by the sweedish girls at Stockholm University.

One

Two

Three

Four :)

Enjoy :)

The same picture taken from her homepage.

The same picture taken from her homepage.

Her website is here.
The abstract for her paper is here.

Link

And that's what we do. At the computer section of our student organisation we make a CD that is updated four to six times per year with great software for Linux and Windows, which we sell to the students at a decent price. OK, we're students in computer and systems science, but every little helps.

And that's what we do. At the computer section of our student organisation we make a CD that is updated four to six times per year with great software for Linux and Windows, which we sell to the students at a decent price. OK, we're students in computer and systems science, but every little helps.

It was the university of Stockholm that gave Linus an honorary doctorate.

The author of the article did much more analysis than that, but even that were all he did, I think that would still be legal given the purposes for which he did it. Not all copying is copyright infringement.

"[...] the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such as by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright." Title 17, section 107.

I put the second "such as" in bold to emphasize that the list is just some examples. It is not intended to be complete. This point is covered The Nature of Copyright: A Law of User's Rights by L. Ray Patterson and Stanley W. Lindberg.

See also the doctrines of Scenes A Faire and, more importantly, Merger, which establish that when there is a limited number of ways to do something (I think poking bits in hardware registers qualifies), copyright shall not restrict expression of those ways. From a web search, "[...] the 'merger doctrine' of the United States indicates that the expression is not copyrightable if the idea embodied in the expression can only be effectively expressed in one or limited number of ways. One thing worth noticing is that this doctrine does not apply to fictional works. [...]"

I am not a lawyer. Do not use this as legal advice.