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Bioware Revises NWN EULA

malaire writes "Assistant Producer Derek French of Neverwinter Nights has posted the new EULA for all to see. This addresses most concerns raised by the community about user-created content for the game." Our story noting the EULA concerns makes interesting, if somewhat confusing, reading.

158 comments

  1. Whatever...... by HowlinMad · · Score: 1, Funny

    Like anyone is going to read the EULA now anyways.....

    1. Re:Whatever...... by ViceClown · · Score: 2

      It doesn't really matter if you read it... you're still responsible for having read it and will be dealt with as such. Read it. Don't read it. Users will still be accountable for what it says. The revision is nice to see and shows that at least some people are paying attention.

      --
      Have a Happy.
    2. Re:Whatever...... by EllisDees · · Score: 1, Troll

      I bought the software. I didn't sign any contract. I am perfectly free to do whatever is legal within copyright laws with that software, regardless of what any EULA says.

      --
      -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
    3. Re:Whatever...... by ObitMan · · Score: 0

      Amen Brother!

      --
      Who run Barter Town?
    4. Re:Whatever...... by cyborch · · Score: 0, Troll

      I'll bite you Troll! You did not buy the software! You paid your hard-earned money get the right to accept the license agreement. The license agreement is the only thing which lets you use the software. You you do not accept it you are a thief - you have not been allowed to use the software. You did not pay for the software. You paid to get the right to accept the license agreement whether or not you should choose to do so. Many software companies are willing to give you your money back if you are not willing to accept the license agreement.

      Now go away, troll!

    5. Re:Whatever...... by EllisDees · · Score: 2

      Wrong. I bought the software in *exactly* the same way I buy a cd or a book. Unless there is a contract signed by both me and the publisher that somehow restricts my rights under copyright, I am under no obligation to obey anything at all in the EULA.

      How hard is this to understand? I walk into a book store and buy the book. I go home and find that the book has a slip of paper on the inside cover that states something ridiculous like "By opening this book, you agree not to lend, sell, or talk about this book". I would laugh just as much about that as I do EULAs. They are a joke, and there have already been court cases where they have been found invalid.

      --
      -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
    6. Re:Whatever...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      When you buy a book, you're not necessarily spending your hard earned dollars on the physical representation of what you buy. It doesn't cost $8 to produce a paperback. You own the cover, the spine, the pages but you do not own the story contained there within.

      You may sell your book under the doctrine of First Sale without having to pay royalties (or 'liscense fees' if you will) to the content owners, for that has already been paid once.

      Half of what is in their EULA is redundant (You may not copy this software illegally, thats already taken care of in copyright law). I don't really understand why people are getting in a hubub about liscensing agreements. You're still allowed to sell your copy of Commander Keen, so long as you do not retain a copy. EULA's by themselves have been found legal, its parts in the EULA's that have not been legally tested. Like 'By agreeing to this EULA, you agree to let me bang your daughter.'. That doesn't sound legal to me.

      When a software company is finally taken to court over EULA's it will be found that EULA's are legal but only to a point. This is simply how our system works. You do not purchase something, you liscense the use of it.

      If you don't like that, move to Bolivia.

    7. Re:Whatever...... by EllisDees · · Score: 3, Informative

      When you buy a book, you're not necessarily spending your hard earned dollars on the physical representation of what you buy. It doesn't cost $8 to produce a paperback. You own the cover, the spine, the pages but you do not own the story contained there within.

      No, you are buying exactly one copy of not just the physical book, but the story contained within. The only thing that copyright gives anyone is the exclusive right to distribute copies of that work. That's it! It does not magically confer ownership of ideas to anyone.

      You may sell your book under the doctrine of First Sale without having to pay royalties (or 'liscense fees' if you will) to the content owners, for that has already been paid once.

      As can I sell or give away a copy of any piece of software I have legally purchased.

      EULA's by themselves have been found legal, its parts in the EULA's that have not been legally tested.

      Really?

      "The Court understands fully why licensing has many advantages for software publishers. However, this preference does not alter the Court's analysis that the substance of the transaction at issue here is a sale and not a license," Judge Pregerson writes. If you put your money down and walked away with a CD, you bought that copy, EULA or no EULA."

      You do not purchase something, you liscense the use of it.

      The above court decision would clearly disagree.

      Don'y buy the propaganda. It doesn't matter how many 'education' campaigns are waged by software publishers, it doesn't change the fact that you are, in fact, purchasing an item and not a license.

      --
      -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
    8. Re:Whatever...... by martyn+s · · Score: 3, Informative

      You should know, in the early 20th century book publishers included ex post facto contracts, very similar to the EULA, restricting your right to resell your book among other things. Congress declared that no such contracts will be enforced.

      What if they included in the EULA that by using the software you give up the right to your first born. Now, clearly, even if you signed that before you got the product, such a contract could not be enforced. There are certain rights that can not be signed away by anyone at all. I'm not saying the rights which the EULA restricts can not be signed away, but stop making these blanket statements and pretending everything is black and white.

      It's kind of like people's reaction to a monopoly of a non-essential good. "Well if you don't like their prices, don't buy it!" In an efficient market there are other factors besides what you're willing to pay that will decide the price.

    9. Re:Whatever...... by cyborch · · Score: 1

      You should know, in the early 20th century book publishers included ex post facto contracts, very similar to the EULA, restricting your right to resell your book among other things. Congress declared that no such contracts will be enforced.

      I weren't there to know and I didn't read american history enough to know. You may be right, but why then has it never been mentioned in connection with EULAs before?

      What if they included in the EULA that by using the software you give up the right to your first born.

      A ridiculous and wrong analogy, but I'll respond to it anyway... If the EULA said I wwas giving up my right to my first born that would be slavery, there are laws against slavery which would invalidate such a license agreement. There are armies of lawyers who make sure that EULAs are not illegal.

      I'm not saying the rights which the EULA restricts can not be signed away, but stop making these blanket statements and pretending everything is black and white.

      well... I think that in terms that no agreement between two parties which violates the law is legally binding is pretty black and white. I think the fact that you are not buying software but the right to accept the EULA is pretty black and white. Basically you are plain wrong.

    10. Re:Whatever...... by martyn+s · · Score: 2

      Really, I thought giving up a child was called adoption, not slavery. Hold on, let me check my dictionary.

      Anyway, you can't give up your right to vote by contract, and they can't force you to vote Republican or Democrat by contract. You can't give up your right to free speech by contract (although they can prevent you from saying *specific* things.

  2. Bioware did a Good Thing (tm) by LordYUK · · Score: 5, Informative

    Okay, if anyone actually bothered to READ the EULA, they will see that Bioware has actually done a Good Thing (tm). Now you actually have to distribute your module, as opposed to simply "serving" it. Which I suppose means that if 5,000 people play under me as a DM, they cant touch it, but if I send it to Billy Bob jr to play on his Lindows machine, its fair game. :)

    --
    This is my sig. Its pathetic.
    1. Re:Bioware did a Good Thing (tm) by mbourgon · · Score: 1

      someone mod this up.

      --
      "Sometimes a woman is a kind of religion, she can save your soul & set you free from all your sins" - Bad Examples
  3. Prebought into submission..... by reaper20 · · Score: 2

    I've already bought this game on the promise of a multiplatform game that will run on my linux machine out-of-the-box. Bioware ships the game with no linux client - with the old 'linux client to follow' excuse. Now this.

    We just can't catch a break ... of course, none of this will matter, because the 200 people that are about to post 'don't buy the game', 'let your wallet do the talking' or 'boycott Bioware' will be doing the same damn thing I'm doing today - calling the store like madmen so we can skate work early and begin playing.

    1. Re:Prebought into submission..... by LordYUK · · Score: 1

      Unfortunantly it SHIPS today, and is out tomorrow... of course, I will be the first through the door if thats not true. :)

      --
      This is my sig. Its pathetic.
    2. Re:Prebought into submission..... by dalassa · · Score: 2

      I have a mac, I'm stuck until November which is exactly when I won't have time to play.

      --
      Feminism is the radical notion that women are people.
    3. Re:Prebought into submission..... by Hamshrew · · Score: 1

      I won't be rushing out the door for it!

      I'll be waiting until after Origins, when I don't have pressure to finish other things ;)

      --
      - Free tabletop fantasy gaming! Grey Lotus
    4. Re:Prebought into submission..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      No kidding, with all the people rushing out to buy Linux games it makes you wonder why Loki went out of business. Oh, wait...

    5. Re:Prebought into submission..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      boo fucking hoo. Have some patience, dick.

    6. Re:Prebought into submission..... by broody · · Score: 1

      I took the 'I'll believe it when I see it' approach and haven't bought the game yet. If someone does not ship a CD with the binaries, I probably won't bother.

      I still hold out the irrational hope that the Linux masses will convince Infogames to include the Linux client on the Mac boxed set. They take suggestions for products here, maybe some nice emails asking for it will help..

      I know it's a snowballs chance but it would be groovy.

      --
      ~~ What's stopping you?
    7. Re:Prebought into submission..... by broody · · Score: 1
      --
      ~~ What's stopping you?
    8. Re:Prebought into submission..... by jonabbey · · Score: 2

      I won't be telling people not to buy it.. I'll be first in line at the store when the Linux clients become available.

      Although, with the kernel oops I just got (probably) from using the NVidia kernel driver, I wonder how smart an idea it is to try and do 3d gaming on Linux. Sure would be nice if there was some way for NVidia to take the source code for their kernel driver over to RedHat or SuSe or somebody and have it checked out.

    9. Re:Prebought into submission..... by Danse · · Score: 1

      Another validation of my policy of not pre-ordering games. I can wait til they hit the store. I've almost never had a problem picking up a copy of even the most popular game the day it's released (managed to grab Starcraft pretty easy, and that one was a lot more eagerly anticipated than WC3). Copies of NWN will be plentiful and easily had. No reason to lock myself into buying it before I'm sure I really want it. I know for sure that with the current EULA, I won't be doing any new maps for it though. Their IP rights grab stinks.

      --
      It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
    10. Re:Prebought into submission..... by foniksonik · · Score: 2

      Cool part is that by the time we Macsters get it we'll have Jaguar and it's lovely full on hardware accelerated OpenGL implementation via honest to goodness Apple detailed/anal-retentive/attention to details and the love of a really well respected port company (who have BTW ported several games into more efficient and better coded versions than the originals).

      That is not to mention that there will be all those wonderful new mods out there to play with and all the stupid last minute bugs will have been fixed.

      Luckily this is also a game which will become timeless, unlike the MMOGs out there that seemed to get rooted and hax0r3d by the time we get on the scene, mostly 'cause it is independent of a 'super-server' world system.

      Maybe X-mas vacation is more your style anyways.

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
  4. Awwww by OccSub · · Score: 1

    Too bad they still get to sleep with your mom, or your sister, or your dog. I had enough of that with the Baldurs Gate 2 EULA. (read the forums)

  5. Pointing it out by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's not like they truly addressed any of our concerns, they just put it in different words.

    "5. Infogrames' and BioWare's Use of Variations. If you Distribute, or permit others to Distribute, your Variations, you hereby grant back to Infogrames and BioWare an irrevocable royalty-free right to use and distribute such Variations by any means, and to make such modifications thereto as Infogrames and/or BioWare deem are necessary to package, combine, and otherwise distribute such Variations. If you do not wish to grant these rights to Infogrames and BioWare, you must not Distribute your Variations (although you may Serve your Modules). Infogrames and BioWare will make a reasonable effort to provide credit to you in the event it uses or distributes your Variations, but you acknowledge that identifying you and/or other Variation creators may be difficult, and any failure by Infogrames and/or BioWare to provide credit to any person shall not be a breach of this License and shall not limit Infogrames' or BioWare's rights to use and distribute any Variation. "

  6. I like this part -- by Tranvisor · · Score: 5, Interesting

    6. Revocation of Rights. Infogrames and/or BioWare may at any time and in their sole discretion revoke your right to make your Variations publicly available (whether you are Distributing or Serving), provided that Infogrames and/or BioWare shall not revoke your right to Distribute a Variation if Infogrames and/or BioWare is, at the time of such revocation, using or distributing such Variation.

    So they actually put in their EULA that if they sell a expansion pack with your mod in it, they won't take away your distribution rights of said mod just to bump their profits. :)

    1. Re:I like this part -- by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      so they revoke your license first, and then sell it.

  7. Interesting But Confusing... by Quarters · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Our story noting the EULA concerns makes interesting, if somewhat confusing, reading.

    Which makes it just like all of the other Slashdot stories.

  8. the most important part of any game by Innomi · · Score: 1

    Is having a developer who cares more about the players, and the game itself, than anything else(i.e. money) Any game with a developer who doesn't LOVE thier game is doomed.

  9. Lending illegal? by Bollie · · Score: 3, Funny

    From section 2:

    You may not copy, rent, lend, lease, sublicense, distribute, publicly display, create derivative works based upon the Software (except as provided in Section 3 below) or otherwise commercially exploit the Software (including, without limitation, hosting pay-per-play servers).

    Copy, rent, lease, sublicense and all those junk I understand, but forbidding me to lend it to my friend is going overboard. Ah, well, I'll just have to exchange it for another game then ;-)

    Also, since the end-user can't publicly display NWN, it seems like they'll be releasing them in nondescript black boxes then...

    1. Re:Lending illegal? by analog_line · · Score: 3, Informative

      This is nothing new. Ever read the FBI WARNING that comes on before movies on VHS/DVD/etc? Unauthorizedending isn't allowed. Most CD audio, especially from the big labels, has a prohibition against unauthorized lending of the CD to anyone if you look hard enough.

      While making me technically a criminal because I lent my copy of Alpha Centauri or the latest Britney Spears album to a friend, they really don't want to go after me. This basically allows them to come down on anyone who rents movies, video games, CDs, etc, without paying them a juicy licensing fee for the priviledge. Of course, regular public libraries get around this somehow, either by statute or custom, or both, not sure.

    2. Re:Lending illegal? by spongebob · · Score: 0, Redundant

      Unauthorizedending!!!! OMG! You mean I don't have the right to stop playing till they say so? I guess that's it, lock me up as a felon. I am admitting to ending my play sessions and movie watching without authorization!

    3. Re:Lending illegal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mr. SpongeBob, at no point in your entire speech did you even come close to what can be considered a reasonable thought, and we all stupider for having heard it. I award you no points, and may God have mercy on your soul.

    4. Re:Lending illegal? by dfenstrate · · Score: 4, Funny

      You have ever right to lend the latest Britney Spears album to a friend. It falls well under fair use, and they can't take that away by simply putting in an EULA for a freakin CD.

      For movies, last time I read the FBI warning, it mentioned things like 'public viewings' and 'commercial displays'. It never says anything about lending. Go read it again.

      The thing that sould most interest you, however, is how good of a friend you lend it to. If they never give it back, they have your best interests in mind, and have shown there trueness.

      Now, a Satriani, Mudhens, or Beethoven album, they damn well better give back.

      --
      Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms should be the name of a store, not a government agency.
    5. Re:Lending illegal? by CheesyPoof · · Score: 0
      While making me technically a criminal because I lent my copy of Alpha Centauri or the latest Britney Spears album to a friend, they really don't want to go after me.

      No, your just a criminal for owning the latest Britney album.

      CP

    6. Re:Lending illegal? by RickHunter · · Score: 2

      Actually, I recall this being claimed on a few DVDs and CDs I've seen. See, the reason they can supposedly claim 'no lending' in an EULA is because some idiot Federal judge back in the 80s ruled that installing or running software involved making a copy. Not only that, but paying the software company for a copy of the software did not innately grant you a right to make this copy. So EULAs were supposedly legal because of this, despite violating practically every aspect of contract law. (No reference, sorry. Anyone care to provide one that proves/debunks this?)

      Well, guess what? It can be argued, probably with a fair chance of success given the typical American ignorance of technology, that the same legal theory can be applied to digital media. As the player has to use a copy operation to read/process the data. So you're making a copy of a copyrighted work, which means you're an evil, child-raping pirate unless you've got a valid license. Which, incidentally, the friend you lent that Star Wars DVD to doesn't have!

      Not that they'd ever enforce it. It looks bad, and this legal argument's on very shaky ground. A technically competent judge or lawyer could demolish it in minutes. Not that you'll ever find one (other than maybe Lawrence Lessig), or that the few there are would ever be allowed near a case involving this precedent.

    7. Re:Lending illegal? by Sheetrock · · Score: 2

      Please view this. It would appear to refute the judge's opinion, although there are other arguments for and against the validity of EULAs as contracts.

      --

      Try not. Do or do not, there is no try.
      -- Dr. Spock, stardate 2822-3.




    8. Re:Lending illegal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >Actually, I recall this being claimed on a few
      >DVDs and CDs I've seen. See, the reason they can
      >supposedly claim 'no lending' in an EULA is
      >because some idiot Federal judge back in the 80s
      >ruled that installing or running software
      >involved making a copy. Not only that, but paying
      >the software company for a copy of the software
      >did not innately grant you a right to make this
      >copy. So EULAs were supposedly legal
      >because of this, despite violating practically
      >every aspect of contract law. (No reference,
      >sorry. Anyone care to provide one that
      >proves/debunks this?)

      I reread the swedish copyrigth laws recently and they basically state that with computer software, although yo are generallynot allowed to make copies, not even for private use like with music for example, you are still allowed to make any copies that are needed for using the software. That basically get arround all problems with the "copying" of software into main memory, hard sisks, buffers and all such. Perhaps there are similary cases in other countries copyright laws dealing with software. It makes sense really.

    9. Re:Lending illegal? by Dirtside · · Score: 2

      Yay! Satriani!

      Sorry, just had to chime in with agreement. There aren't nearly enough Satch fans. :)

      --
      "Destroy science and religion. Science would re-emerge exactly the same; but not religion." - Penn Jillette, paraphrased
    10. Re:Lending illegal? by Xenographic · · Score: 1

      I thought that they (tried to) put such a clause on the license in old console video games, e.g. those for the NES. Of course, given the prevalence of rental stores, that just didn't work.

  10. soul by dallask · · Score: 4, Funny

    Im still looking for the part where I agree to give my soul to bioware when I buy the game. That always hapens when I buy one of these games.

    --
    The Code Ninja is swift with his tool, precise in his delivery, and deadly accurate in his execution.
    1. Re:soul by prnz · · Score: 1

      Im still looking for the part where I agree to give my soul to bioware when I buy the game. That always hapens when I buy one of these games.

      It's Dungeons and Dragons. You lose your soul every time you play it. :-)

      There's a Jack Chick comic somewhere in all this, probably one where the Young Innocent is duped into signing the NWN EULA in blood. Then Trent Oster pulls off a mask to reveal his true form.

      Paul

  11. 95% perfect, good but not great. by psoriac · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Well, this is good news; the rewording is a large step in the right direction although they still haven't crossed the finish line yet.

    Essentially they have revised the clause everyone was upset over to read "we can force you to stop giving away your mod, but only if we're not selling it too". This addresses the concerns people had with Bioware stealing their customers' mods, while still giving them a legal right to stop the distribution of mods they/someone finds offensive. While cencorship is still implied, it at least removes the possibility that they can unfairly profit off your hard work.

    However, they still added the weasel words that would allow them to include your mod in a CD they're selling and not give you credit for it. While it does they they will make every effort to give you credit, it does not say they *have* to; in fact they give themselves permission to forget; so it basically still boilds down to "we'll give you credit if we feel like making the effort".

    Oh well, if your mod is that popular, people will most likely have already heard of you and know you made it. I know that I for one now feel no hesitation in designing and distributing my own mods; whether people will want to play them is another matter. ;)

    --
    I browse Slashdot at +3, Funny
    1. Re:95% perfect, good but not great. by dallask · · Score: 5, Informative

      in legal jargon, they cant say that the WILL give credit, if they miss placeing your name somewhere, you could sue the shit out of them, instead, they say use the phrase "make the best effort to" to imply that they will do their best.

      to put that in context... its the same as me, a freelance software developer, saying in a contract:

      "my company will make the program so that it cant be hacked"

      or

      "my company will make the best effort to construct the application in such a way to avoid user hacks"

      --
      The Code Ninja is swift with his tool, precise in his delivery, and deadly accurate in his execution.
    2. Re:95% perfect, good but not great. by Jucius+Maximus · · Score: 2
      "Essentially they have revised the clause everyone was upset over to read "we can force you to stop giving away your mod, but only if we're not selling it too". This addresses the concerns people had with Bioware stealing their customers' mods, while still giving them a legal right to stop the distribution of mods they/someone finds offensive. While cencorship is still implied, it at least removes the possibility that they can unfairly profit off your hard work."

      If they ever prohibited you from distributing your mod AFTER you had already put it up for download, the thing would spread like wildfire through the P2P networks and underground NWN community. The distro channels for this kind of stuff is amazing. My brother runs one of the most popular independent BG/IWD/Planescape/etc mod/customiztaion sites out there and I can tell you that with people like him making mods and running the scene, Bioware will NOT be able to retroactively prevent distribution of mods.

      Once the genie is out of the bottle, it's out.

    3. Re:95% perfect, good but not great. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >However, they still added the weasel words that
      >would allow them to include your mod in a CD
      >they're selling and not give you credit for it.
      >While it does they they will make every effort to
      >give you credit, it does not say they *have* to;
      >in fact they give themselves permission to
      >forget; so it basically still boilds down to
      >"we'll give you credit if we feel like making the
      >effort".

      There are two parts to copyright (at least in swedish copyright laws). One part can be sold, given away, whatever. That includes all the things one normally think about when it comes to copyright.

      However, there is another part that is NOT in ANY way transferable, and that is the right to be named as the creator (which one must do). In addition, the creator (even if he has given away or sold or whatever all the other rights) has the right to prevent any use of the work that in any way will present him in a bad way or used to hurt him (sorry for not knowing the correct terminology here so it might have came out bad).

      Thus, if you are given the right to create derived work (like a mod or total convertsion), and even if you give away all the copyright of it to say Bioware, you will still always have the right to be named as the creator. That can never be taken away, even by contract. At least not in Sweden but I think it is porbably similary in most countries.

    4. Re:95% perfect, good but not great. by michael · · Score: 1

      FWIW, most (all?) European nations have this, typically called "moral rights" or "rights of the creator". The U.S. has no such provisions in its copyright laws.

    5. Re:95% perfect, good but not great. by LMCBoy · · Score: 2

      Yes, but at that point you are distributing it without their authority, so *they* can't be sued for your disgusting and offensive module. This clause is for their protection against litigation, not to shut you up.

      --
      Liberal (adj.): Free from bigotry; open to progress; tolerant of others.
  12. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by killmenow · · Score: 2
    6. Revocation of Rights. Infogrames and/or BioWare may at any time and in their sole discretion revoke your right to make your Variations publicly available (whether you are Distributing or Serving), provided that Infogrames and/or BioWare shall not revoke your right to Distribute a Variation if Infogrames and/or BioWare is, at the time of such revocation, using or distributing such Variation.
    There is nothing to prevent them from revoking your right to make your variations publicly available just before they start using or distributing your variation.

    That is, the EULA says they can't revoke your right when they are using or distributing your stuff; but, they leave the door wide open to take away your rights...and THEN start using and distributing your stuff.
  13. Unfair! Mod this parent to Funny! (nt) by psoriac · · Score: 1

    We all know the great grammar skills of some of these editors, not to name names...

    --
    I browse Slashdot at +3, Funny
  14. this is why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    the GPL exists. And projects like http://www.planeshift.it/

  15. SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by LordYUK · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    **NOT OFF-TOPIC** okay people, its been like what, 10 years or so since these two came out and I still cant play Mario on the Genesis. What does this have to do with anything? Well, none of us here were forced to use X OS (as in variable, not necessarily OS X), we MADE that choice. Its not like we didnt KNOW that Windows is the "platform of choice" for 99.9% of all games released. Bioware (and other companies) couls just say to heck with Linux and Macintosh, but no, they DO develop their software for them. Does it take longer? sometimes. But why should 90% of the gaming population suffer because some of you refuse to dual boot. I dont expect to play GTA3 on my Game Cube. I didnt expect to play Mario on my Genesis. Say this is any different, and you've missed the entire point.

    The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few, or the one.

    --
    This is my sig. Its pathetic.
    1. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Make that "refuse to buy a copy of Windows, spend a few hours installing it and then drop down my servers and dual boot". Better yet, make it "why should 10% [your figures, not mine] of the gaming population have to go out and buy $XXX of MS operating system because the rest of you refuse to dual boot?"

      You are off topic.

    2. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by friedmud · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I hate reading posts like this from people who have no clue and didn't follow the community for the last three or so years like some of us did.

      The reason people are upset with no linux binary is because THEY SAID THERE WOULD BE ONE. In fact even stores thought there would be one, so people ACTUALLY PUT MONEY DOWN ON A LINUX VERSION!!

      This is like Nintendo promising Mario for the Genesis - going so far as to say it hundreds of times - and have it on their webpage - announce in stores that mario for the genesis was coming so you had better preorder now - thousands of peole "buying" it - and then nintendo saying "Nah, we don't feel like it any more"

      DONT COMMENT ON THINGS YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT!

      I am a linux gamer - but I am NOT that upset over this whole thing. I am buying the game tomorrow (already preordered at Gamestop) - and will be dual booting - then when the binary comes out I will use that in linux.

      Derek

    3. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by LordYUK · · Score: 1

      You've missed the point. What I'm saying is that you (in general) knew that software works different on different OS's, and therefor certain things will NOT WORK on Linux/Mac (at all or right away). Hence, if gaming was a concern of yours, then you should have chosen Windows. If it WASNT, which is obvious due to the OS you are running, then why complain? I want to play Mario, I buy a GC. I want to play Halo, I buy an X-Box. I want to run a webserver or whatnot, I use a *nix. I want to play the latest PC games, I use Windows.

      --
      This is my sig. Its pathetic.
    4. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But the missing linux tools are an integral part of the game, and it has much much less value without it.

      Its like buying a motorcycle without the motor, sure it still work (well if you push it), altough somewhat different than the version with it.

    5. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      True, people only have ONE concern. Gamers are not allowed to be concerned about Monopolistic companies. Political activists are not allowed to play games. Console users cannot own a PC. Anyone who wants the latest Linux version of a game (as promised by the Games Company) is actually breaking the law by asking where it is.

    6. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So much for asking for change. I'll just bend over and take it like the good little sheep I should be.

      BTW, when did Bill become everyone's shepard?

    7. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Linux is today ready for the desktop, it is possible to develop with Linux's libraries (SDL for 2d games and OpenGL to 3d ones) games equal or even better than windows ones, just look to the Loki examples.
      However the linux market is not so large as windows' one, we can't let a company controll a whole market, if linux is better than windows.

    8. Re:SNES or Genesis = Win or (insert OS here) by Alsee · · Score: 2

      DONT COMMENT ON THINGS YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT!

      This is slashdot, what do you expect? Insightful, informative, and interesting posts? LOL

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  16. I'm not giving up my copyright by battlemarch · · Score: 1

    It will be interesting to see if a court upholds this EULA over the owners copyright rights.

    --
    Oh, come, come, come. Without a monster or two, it's hardly a quest... merely a gaggle of friends wandering about. - Owl
    1. Re:I'm not giving up my copyright by Neon+Spiral+Injector · · Score: 2

      I don't see why a court wouldn't. You agreed to the license, and thus relinquished your rights.

    2. Re:I'm not giving up my copyright by ViceClown · · Score: 2

      What happens if you release your mod under a specific alternative license? Which one overrides? Would make an interesting case :-)

      --
      Have a Happy.
    3. Re:I'm not giving up my copyright by jspayne · · Score: 2

      You agreed to the license, and thus relinquished your rights. The parent is making two points that you overlook: - He questions the legality of click through or shrink wrap licensing: can a contract be binding without a legally binding signature form? The key problem here is that there is no way to verify *who* agreed to the license. - US law prevents you from being bound to illegal clauses in an otherwise valid contract. Even if you had a contract with Bioware (see previous), can they force you to assign the rights to your intellectual to them? Interestingly enough, it would only take a change in a few words for this to be remarkably like the GPL. What if the FSF *required* the copyright of a derivative work to be assigned to the FSF?

    4. Re:I'm not giving up my copyright by battlemarch · · Score: 1
      Actually, you are close.

      I question the part of the EULA where Bioware "implies" that I assign my copyright rights to them exclusively for distribution at their option.
      I suspect that the courts would strike that part of the EULA since there would not have been any "consideration" between the two parties, as the lawyers like to say.

      --
      Oh, come, come, come. Without a monster or two, it's hardly a quest... merely a gaggle of friends wandering about. - Owl
    5. Re:I'm not giving up my copyright by mydn · · Score: 1

      Or if you are a minor. A minor may not enter into a contract. So the click through license agreement is just a waste of time.

    6. Re:I'm not giving up my copyright by Danse · · Score: 1

      More like an open and shut case. The first license that was agreed to would take precedence. You can't distribute it under a license that contradicts the one you already agreed to.

      --
      It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
  17. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    they leave the door wide open to take away your rights...and THEN start using and distributing your stuff

    What "Rights" exactly. You buy the game if you agree with their conditions. If you disagree, you don't buy it. Simple.

    "Standing up for Your Rights" seems now to be a euphemism for "Not taking responsibility for your actions". Bad form all around. :(

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  18. What rights indeed... by Tranvisor · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Only in the software business does this perverse atitude exist.

    Modifing an existing product and selling the modification is a true american princepal.

    Examples:
    You buy a new car and figure out a way to increase its horsepower with $20 dollars worth of parts, and procede to sell the modification kits on ebay for $30 dollars. Not only is this very very legal, it is also quite widespread (car fanatics are everywhere ;) )

    You buy a portable gaming system that for reasons totally unknown has no backlight, and design one and sell it on your own website. Huh, never heard of this one, huh?

    Wake up, no matter what some silly EULA says, aftermarket modifications that you spend your time on are yours. If you spend 80 hours on a modification, and its completly your own work, no judge would let a company steal those rights from you because of some contract you did not sign before the sale. If you sign a contract before the sale, now, thats entirely different.

    1. Re:What rights indeed... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      except that cars and such are protected by patents, which much be applied for specifically, while computer software is protected by copyright, as are books and other such media. when you modify a work you are creating a derivative work and as such the copyright is retained by the original author. but you can of course distribute your work if you do not include any of the original, regardless of your use of the tools covered by the EULA. the part of the EULA which attempts to regulate your use of the product is out of the scope of copyright law and therefore is non-binding unless both parties to the contract sign it.

    2. Re:What rights indeed... by battlemarch · · Score: 1
      But you didn't "buy" the product, the company is only selling you a license to use the software.

      There is a fine line between License agreements, buying a product and copyright law.

      When you "buy" NWN, you are getting the binaries on the CD and the right to use that software. Bioware can try to enforce certain restrictions on that use, but they may overstep or overstate their "rights". Usually, this will take a court to decide.

      Anway, you can't take their existing software, modify it and resell it. Your work, while still your sweat and blood, is a derivative work and would be a violation of copyright. While a car isn't necessarily covered by copyright, software is.

      However, if you "use" their software to create your own work, it is "your" work and I don't think that they can hijack it. I believe that they will have a hard time enforcing that part of the EULA. However (again), many of the in game items, the environment and such in your world are covered by WotC copyright on D&D. So, you might be able to distribute it for free, but they might try claiming that your work is a derivative of D&D.

      Of course, IANAL

      --
      Oh, come, come, come. Without a monster or two, it's hardly a quest... merely a gaggle of friends wandering about. - Owl
    3. Re:What rights indeed... by unicron · · Score: 1

      I think the EULA is just to cover their collective asses. On the other side of the spectrum, complete mod freedom, I'm reminded of Doom & Duke3D. Remember seeing those player-created mods and maps at software stores? At that point, it had quit being about the mod and had become about a profit. If I worked at Bioware, It would seriously cheese my doodle is some bastard took something I had given 3 years to make, busted out a campaign based on say, the Drizzt Do'Urden(D&D Character) backstory, and tried to get CompUSA to start selling it for 40 bucks a pop. Because at this point, it had gone beyond the mod community and become the guy making a buck. His lame little group of maps should not be next to the multiple millions lines of code project I gave my life to for years on end.

      --
      Finally, math books without any of that base 6 crap in them.
    4. Re:What rights indeed... by dark-nl · · Score: 1

      But you didn't "buy" the product, the company is only selling you a license to use the software.

      This is a fiction that software companies are happy to promote. That doesn't make it true, though. Would you accept the equivalent assertion about books? If not, why would software be different?

    5. Re:What rights indeed... by schon · · Score: 1

      But you didn't "buy" the product, the company is only selling you a license to use the software.

      *BULLSHIT*

      When I *BUY* software from a store, I *BUY* it. The invoice says I bought it, so I bought it. If the company wants to tack on extra conditions, they should do it BEFORE they sell it, not after.

      Incidentally, I've worked in retail - a store can only return a percentage of their purchases, and only if it's unopened, and within a certain time of purchase - usually 10% of their total, within 90 days. If your statement that you're not really buying it were true, then the unused software should be able to be returned at any time, for any reason.

      When you "buy" NWN, you are getting the binaries on the CD and the right to use that software.

      Nope, I'm also getting everything available to me under the laws of my area, including first sale and fair use. If I decide that I don't like the EULA, I'm not bound by it.

      Your work, while still your sweat and blood, is a derivative work and would be a violation of copyright.

      I would argue against your assertion that a module is a derivative work - the game is more like an OS - a framework - in which the module executes. What if MS decided that every Win32 app was a "derivative" of windows, so they should be able to distribute other people's software?

    6. Re:What rights indeed... by Cato+the+Elder · · Score: 2

      "Would you accept the equivalent assertion about books? If not, why would software be different?"

      Because books don't have a sticker that you have to break before opening warning that you must agree to the liscense or return the product. Nor do they have a liscense saying "You do not own this software. You are granted a limited liscense to use this software..." Almost all software is liscensed. It is copyrighted only to prevent someone who "found it on the street" from freely distributing it (since they cannot be bound by a liscense agreement which you cannot prove they had to agree to).

    7. Re:What rights indeed... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's because a publisher tried this once, and got spanked in court for it.

    8. Re:What rights indeed... by Tranvisor · · Score: 2

      If it's a "lame little group of maps" I seriously doubt that it would be offered anywhere for money.

      If, however, it is a packaged campaign that he used all his own textures, ideas, and insights on, then I would say who are you to take away his right to sell his work for a profit? He isn't selling your game, simple an addition to your game. And if it is a quality piece of work, it can only help the sales of your game, as it requires your game to run! As long as he isn't stealing your textures or ideas to sell his game, how can you say that you had a hand in his work?

      Publishers print "unauthorised game guides" all the time I don't see how this would be any different.

    9. Re:What rights indeed... by EllisDees · · Score: 2

      Actually, they tried to do the same thing with books a long time ago. The courts smacked them down and came up with the concept of 'fair use', that means you are allowed to do anything within copyright law with a book (or any other piece of intellectual property) that you have bought. Software is no different than books. Unless you sign a legal contract that gives up some of your rights, an agreement that is forced upon you after you have paid for an item is not valid.

      --
      -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
    10. Re:What rights indeed... by battlemarch · · Score: 1
      That's why I used "buy" instead of buy.

      The deal that the retailer has with the publisher is irrelevant to this discussion.

      Yes, you have all the rights granted to you in your area by law, first sale, fair use and such. Yes, you can even resell it. Remember, not all EULA are simple click thur by uninformed end users.

      If I decide that I don't like the EULA, I'm not bound by it.

      If you don't like the EULA, you aren't bound by it? If you don't like the EULA doesn't matter a hoot. If the EULA is enforceable in court is what matters. Your logic is flawed.

      I agree that Win32 apps aren't derivative works, but your analogy (comparing the game to an OS) is flawed (I think). The NWN game is a game, protected by copyright. The world building utilities, although slightly different are also protected by copyright. But I agree, their output, the mods, should not be considered derivative works. I was only pointing out that because of the nature of the beast, NWN might try to claim ownership (as a copyrighted derivative work) because the mod may in some ways contain material that is copyrighted by WotC. Hummm... claim ownership is incorrect, they may try to restrict you from material gain for your mod.

      --
      Oh, come, come, come. Without a monster or two, it's hardly a quest... merely a gaggle of friends wandering about. - Owl
    11. Re:What rights indeed... by Cato+the+Elder · · Score: 2

      Do you have a source on this? Fair use is a part of US law, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 107. I've never heard of it being established by judicial decision.

      Also, and I don't have a source for this, I thought the courts had held the that first sale doctrine only protected your right to sell unopened copies of softare without restriction.

    12. Re:What rights indeed... by EllisDees · · Score: 2

      Do you have a source on this? Fair use is a part of US law, Title 17, Chapter 1, Sec. 107. I've never heard of it being established by judicial decision.

      It was first established by
      judicial decision, then later codified into law.

      --
      -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
    13. Re:What rights indeed... by Cato+the+Elder · · Score: 1

      Thanks--it's always good to learn something new.

  19. Re:troll hobbyist dabblers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You sir are a retarded troll, sorry.

    Mr. AC, at no point in your entire speech did you even come close to what can be considered a reasonable thought, and we all stupider for having heard it. I award you no points, and may God have mercy on your soul.

  20. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by killmenow · · Score: 1
    What "Rights" exactly? [sic]
    The rights you and Infogrames/Bioware agree you have under the EULA.

    The EULA says they assign you the right to make mods and share them. It also says Inogrames/Bioware ha[s|ve] the right to revoke that right...provided they are not using or distributing your mods at the time of revokation.

    I am merely pointing out that by agreeing to the EULA, you're agreeing that Infogrames/Bioware can revoke rights you both agree you have (purportedly to make playing the game a better experience) before they start using or distributing your mods. And, you are also agreeing that after they revoke those rights, they can use or distribute your mods but you no longer can.

    I have no clue where you get anything about not taking responsibility for one's actions...that's either a troll or a ridiculous leap of logic.

    I advocate you know what you are agreeing to before you agree to it...I think that actually qualifies as taking responsibility for one's actions...not the opposite, as you imply.
  21. Sign your mod inside of your creation by Vicegrip · · Score: 2

    Level designers do this all the time. It's a nice sure way of ensuring posterity and guarantees people will pay some attention to the name of the author.

    I'm sure Bioware is just covering it's butt for the case where somebody felt they weren't given 'enough' credit. Put a nice easter egg in your maps which clearly identifies you as the author and you'll be guranteed your authorship will be hard to remove even accidentally.

    --
    Do not spread "09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0" over the internet, thank you.
  22. copyright is the problem by _|()|\| · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Wake up, no matter what some silly EULA says, aftermarket modifications that you spend your time on are yours. ... no judge would let a company steal those rights from you because of some contract you did not sign before the sale.

    While the enforceability of EULAs is still being tested in the courts and tweaked by the likes of UCITA, it is copyright law that dominates, here. Copyright law grants to the author the exclusive right to create derivative works. You cannot mod, so to speak, "Gone With the Wind."

    There was (and may still be) a group working on a Matrix FPS mod. It's a waste of time, because Warner Bros. has granted an exclusive Matrix license to a commercial game company. If the mod is any good, it will be suppressed, just like the Alien TC for Doom.

    The NWN EULA adds to, rather than detracts from, fair use. I just don't find the additional grants compelling.

    1. Re:copyright is the problem by Dan512 · · Score: 1


      Are you sure about Gone With the Wind? Check out:

    2. Re:copyright is the problem by Happy+Monkey · · Score: 2

      If you modded "Gone With the Wind", then there are two ways you could get in trouble:

      1) Including original copyrighted material along with your mod.

      2) Using the original characters.

      With respect to the first one, a Neverwinter module doesn't contain what can reasonably be considered Bioware's copyrighted material. Any textures that are included in the module will be the ones that aren't included in the game. Environment, monster, item, and character models are also part of the game rather than the mod. Any text in the mod was entered by the author - it may be copyrighted by someone else, nut it doesn't have to be.

      With the second one, that's even more uncertain. But even if it is true, there's no reason a module has to contain characters from the game.

      In other words, while it is possible for a mod to "Gone With the Wind" or a Neverwinter module to fall afoul of copyright law, it is not necessary. Therefore, any restrictions on all mods are indeed infringing your rights.

      --
      __
      Do ya feel happy-go-lucky, punk?
    3. Re:copyright is the problem by Dan512 · · Score: 1

      Bah.

      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/061821906 4/ qid=1024411697/sr=2-2/103-9090010-6483811

    4. Re:copyright is the problem by Hard_Code · · Score: 2

      "1) Including original copyrighted material along with your mod."

      If it is within fair use, why not.

      "2) Using the original characters."

      Why the hell not? Monopolies on copying something I understand. Monopolies on an invention I understand. Monopolies on a mere fictional character? Completely bogus. Copyright only covers COPYING.

      --

      It's 10 PM. Do you know if you're un-American?
    5. Re:copyright is the problem by cyborch · · Score: 1

      Why the hell not? Monopolies on copying something I understand. Monopolies on an invention I understand. Monopolies on a mere fictional character? Completely bogus. Copyright only covers COPYING.

      Copyright does indeed cover COPYING. THis means that if you use (in essence copy) a character from the game - or any other material for that matter - then you are violating Copyright.

    6. Re:copyright is the problem by MajroMax · · Score: 2
      With respect to the first one, a Neverwinter module doesn't contain what can reasonably be considered Bioware's copyrighted material. Any textures that are included in the module will be the ones that aren't included in the game. Environment, monster, item, and character models are also part of the game rather than the mod. Any text in the mod was entered by the author - it may be copyrighted by someone else, nut it doesn't have to be.

      Er, what are you smoking, and where can I get some? A neverwinter module is distinct from a mod in the traditional sense, in that it is created with tools supplied with the game using the game's supplied artwork, etc. Any module, as such, will be using Bioware's copyrighted material; even under the most restrictive interpretation of the legal scope of EULA's, their restrictions are okay, if not necessarialaly nice -- if you don't agree, you can't use their copyrighted textures, sounds, etc, and thus have no legal standing to distribute your module.

      --
      "Evil company X is threatening to restrict our rights! Let's all get together to stop--OOOH! SHINEY!!!" -- AC
    7. Re:copyright is the problem by Happy+Monkey · · Score: 2

      Someone else already responded to you, but I'll reply too because you are the reason I put the word "reasonably" in there. The names of which tiles and textures to use in the user-defined locations should not be considered copyrighted material any more than Microsoft owns your Word document because it contains references to their Wingdings font. It becomes dicier if you embed the font, as it would if you copied and embedded Bioware's textures rather than just using the ones already installed with the client.

      --
      __
      Do ya feel happy-go-lucky, punk?
    8. Re:copyright is the problem by DustMagnet · · Score: 1
      Monopolies on a mere fictional character?

      These are called trademarks. Try to sell a Micky Mouse T-shirt or write a story that takes place in Pern (ala Dragonriders of Pern) and you will face lawyers.

      Completely bogus.

      Tell your congressman.

      --
      'SBEMAIL!' is better than a goat!!
    9. Re:copyright is the problem by Dastardly · · Score: 1

      I think pretty much any court would uphold that a NWN module is a derivative work and therefore up to Bioware to license. So, you can't charge for it based on the EULA. Big whoop! If you really think your modules are good enough to charge for and make a profit, go to Bioware and get a license to charge for it. Bioware will ask for a piece of the action, so they can make some money, and your off. I wouldn't be surprised if there are a few D20 publishers out there watching sales of NWN and distribution of user mods to see if it is worth the effort to make and sell modules. At which point they go to Bioware and negotiate a deal.

      Dastardly

    10. Re:copyright is the problem by foniksonik · · Score: 2

      How about if someone made an open source tool for creating modules, by reverse engineering the module tool included, which simply followed the API correctly? Also said app would include unique monsters like Zorcs instead of orcs with similar attributes but different enough.. say they were good guys, to not be just copies, while the Zelves were evil monsters, beautiful and evil monsters.

      This whole thing seems much more like 'skinning' or 'themeing' the app than doing any sort of 'mod' anyways, even though the term 'module' applies.

      Anyone can 'theme' or 'skin' their prorietary software without a fuss as long as they have API's to work with... M$ only complains when you attempt to copy their particular 'theme' and use it on Gnome or KDE for instance.

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
    11. Re:copyright is the problem by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      coughcough

      They still own Intellectual Property rights on the game and its engine. They have the right to make money on any products using those.

      I think that they are being generous as it is.

  23. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by schon · · Score: 2

    I am merely pointing out that by agreeing to the EULA, you're agreeing that Infogrames/Bioware can revoke rights

    OK, and what if I don't agree to the EULA?

    I install the software anyway (perfectly legal under First Sale and Fair Use doctrines), use it to make my own mod (which is 100% my own work).

    What then?

  24. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by killmenow · · Score: 1

    What then?

    Well, then you are either too small for Infogrames/Bioware to be bothered, or they sue you and you get to defend your position in court. If you are willing to do that, go for it. The more litigation that smacks down EULAs we get, the more precedent...mo' betta.

    Just remember you're taking a gamble that they won't mind or that you can afford to keep paying your lawyer(s) as long as they can keep you in court.

  25. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    I wasn't trolling, but I was complaining.

    Companies are well within their rights to stipulate any restrictions on the use of their products. If the consumers don't like it, they shouldn't consume it.

    The post I responded to seemed (to me) to imply that Infogrames'/Bioware's conditions were somehow underhanded. I disagree.

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  26. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by theRiallatar · · Score: 1

    And you have to understand that everyone else's complaint is that *WE* have a right to be aware of these restrictions before money exchanges hands.

  27. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    *YOU* are aware of these restrictions.

    So, what's the problem?

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  28. Everything in life is not about money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For me it is not that simple. Using a free os is important. I believe that a os should be a free and accessible right for all people like education. Luxury items like games are something I miss, but I can live without them. If I want to play a game I cannot simply use a commercial os. That would go against everything that I believe it. It would be like sending me children to private school, or buying products known to be made in sweatshops.

  29. Scenario : Street Lawyer Comments Welcome by Afty0r · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I would like to make content for NWN, and I would like the ability to distribute it how I like, and retain my own copyright (preventing Bioware from taking away my rights - they may if they wish agree licensing terms with me for my copyrighted work).

    So, I buy NWN, take it home, fire up the installer and then I get my flatmate to click the 'accept the license agreement' button. Next, I play NeverWinterNights, and use their tools to create my own content. I distribute my new content *without any of their original content whatsoever* included.

    Problem solved? I'm not sure.
    1] Is it possible to distribute NWN content without any original content?
    2] Is there an EULA clause saying 'If you install this software, you may not allow anyone else to play the game, or use the tools?'

    1. Re:Scenario : Street Lawyer Comments Welcome by Ravensfire · · Score: 1

      Excellent!

      So you bought the game and gave your flatmate the right to play the game as the authorized user.

      You, as an unauthorized user, who have no rights to the game in the first place as you did not agree to the EULA which gives you certain rights, attempt to distribute something based on work someone else has done which you refused to acknowledge.

      --
      "But we decide which is right, and which is an illusion"
    2. Re:Scenario : Street Lawyer Comments Welcome by schon · · Score: 2

      as you did not agree to the EULA which gives you certain rights

      But as he purchased the game, he'd have those rights anyway - so he hasn't lost anything.

      attempt to distribute something based on work someone else has done

      But he's not distributing anything except his own work. If the module is 100% his own creation, he's not distributing anything owned by anyone else. The graphics, models, etc are all part of the game - he's just distributing a script that tells the game what to do with them.

      Just because it requires the game to run, doesn't make it a derivative work - or do you consider that all Windows apps are derivative works because they require Windows to work? (And if that were the case, that would make NWN property of Microsoft.)

    3. Re:Scenario : Street Lawyer Comments Welcome by foniksonik · · Score: 2

      Flame Flame

      "NWN property of Microsoft" as if it won't be released for any other OS... (Linux, Mac OS X)

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
  30. parody and derivative works by _|()|\| · · Score: 2
    I believe The Wind Done Gone was, in fact, the subject of a lawsuit. However, it is a parody, protected under fair use.

    The first question is whether a work is derivative. Much of the debate over the "viral" nature of the GNU GPL is actually a debate over what constitutes a derivative work. Does inclusion of a header constitute derivation? What about a plugin, which may essentially use a naming convention?

    I don't know the ins and outs of NWN modules, but I wouldn't dismiss the possibility that one could be held to be derivative.

  31. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by Genom · · Score: 2

    What "Rights" exactly. You buy the game if you agree with their conditions. If you disagree, you don't buy it. Simple.

    With most software, you don't get to *read* the EULA until you've already bought it, opened the box, broken the shrink-wrap on the CD case, and started to install it.

    Then you get to read the EULA in a little tiny scrolling textbox.

    If you agree to their conditions, fine, you click on "Accept" and you continue the installation.

    If you disagree, you stop the install, and immediately run into a problem. Most stores won't take opened software back - unless the media is defective (IE: the cds are scratched and won't run). Depending on the store, you *might* be able to convince the manager to allow the return - but most of the time they'll point at their "store policy" which says you can't return it.

    So...what to do? You can't generally go to the manufacturer, as they don't take returns of software purchased elsewhere. You can't return it to the store you purchased it from, for the reasons above. You're basically stuck with software that you won't install, and can't get a refund for.

    In most other industries, if you have to agree to a contract before using a product, that contract is offered up front, before purchase, and your point is valid -- "Don't like it, don't buy it". But with software, in most cases, it's quite tough to do that.

    Kudos to Bioware for actually publishing the EULA for review *before* purchase, at least for those who can find it. People who don't know it's published, or who pick NWN up as an "impulse buy" are still in the same sticky situation.

  32. So if I use GPL'd content.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    do they have to distribute all my sources with any distribution they produce?

  33. MOD PARENT DOWN; OFFTOPIC by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    mod this down, too.

  34. well make your own EULA by Monofilament · · Score: 1

    so why not just make a EULA for your module that says by clicking and accepting to play, download, modify, or view code from this campaign/mod you are agreeing not to commercially distribute or redistribute this Mod with out express contact or contractual agreement seperate from any previous contract or EULA provided with NWN or any other software distribution to do with the game. Thus if they want to put it on a CD they're gonna wanna play the mod first or at least look at it.. so once they do that they've agreed to your EULA.. just like you agreed to theirs. Now they've got to make seperate contact with you. If you're worried about their EULA interfereing with your's since you obviously agreed to theirs before you made the MOD, then just work your EULA referring to the RPG experience and your story and characters. Thus to use the mod they have to use the story if they want. Now they don't interfere cause your EULA doesn't refer to the toolkit

    --


    Who makes you Sig?
  35. This just in... Mac users still screwed. by Mike+the+Mac+Geek · · Score: 0, Troll

    Well, we won't get the game until October/November. There's a good chance that our version will not be compatible with the PC/Linux version. There's a real good chance that we won't even get the toolkit, and if we do, we still have this EULA hanging over our heads.

    At least you guys get to play it soon.

    --
    -------------------------------------------------- ---- The man, the myth, the something or other.
  36. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by Moofie · · Score: 1

    Let me restate the poster's (assumed) position more clearly and forcefully.

    Bioware has a responsibility to inform all of its potential customers of the stipulations of the EULA before accepting their money. Since they have not done so (like, by clear labeling on the box), their "contract" is null and void. When I pay money for a box and take it out of the store, I can do whatever I want to with it.

    --
    Why yes, I AM a rocket scientist!
  37. Dangerous Precedent? by lionchild · · Score: 1

    While I want to start by saying that it's -quite- keen that Bioware is listening to their customers, I was pondering this EULA, and there were some things that troubled me about it.

    I began to think about the ramafications of this EULA, and then wondered how it would affect those using their software. It dawned on me, what if you applied this EULA to another piece of software? Does anyone do anything similar?

    So, what if our "favorite" company, MicroSoft, applied this EULA to their popular Office suite? You may use MS Word to create all the letters, papers, books, documents, etc. that you like. But, if you print them out and share, fax, or electronically transmit said works, they become property of MicroSoft Corporation.

    ...

    Thought provoking, huh?

    --
    Awk! Pieces of eight. Pieces of eight. Pieces of seven... ERROR: General Protection Fault. [Paroty Error.]
  38. You aren't distributing their material by Steveftoth · · Score: 2

    You're distributing material that tells the engine to use their copyrighted textures, models... Unless when you save a module it also saves the textures, models, etc. in your module file. (I'm assuming that it doesn't as that would make the modules huge, right?)

    It's kind like saying that because you used MS office to write your term paper, that MS owns the copyright to it. Which of course makes no sense.

    1. Re:You aren't distributing their material by Danse · · Score: 2

      It's kind like saying that because you used MS office to write your term paper, that MS owns the copyright to it. Which of course makes no sense.

      That's pretty much the issue here. MS doesn't declare in their EULA that they own the copyright to anything you create in Word. Bioware actually does have something similar to that in their EULA. The question is whether the terms of the EULA are really enforceable.

      --
      It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
  39. Technical Requirements by LordYUK · · Score: 1

    umm, I do believe that their technical requirements were only available FOR WINDOWS, which would lead ONE TO BELIEVE that they HADNT FINISHED the other two OS's yet!

    And games DO get scrapped up until production time. Its pretty common, however sucky. At least this one WILL come out, and the linux users will get the linux copy for free (a download, I believe) along with the Windows version.

    Mac, on the otherhand, I am thinking is a seperate purchase.

    And I DO follow "the community" as you put it, as I have been hyping the "linux support" to a friend of mine for about the past 2 years or so. It SUCKS they arent releasing it straight away, but I'd rather have it for their OS of choise then to wait for two other ports.

    --
    This is my sig. Its pathetic.
    1. Re:Technical Requirements by foniksonik · · Score: 2

      "Mac, on the otherhand, I am thinking is a seperate purchase."

      yep, it's the difference between X86 and PPC, unfortunately that is the hardware tax my fellow PPC'ers pay, though unreasonably so since as well.. maybe they will include Linux d/ls for free with the Mac purchase, making you Linux freaks the common bond.

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
  40. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by schon · · Score: 2

    Companies are well within their rights to stipulate any restrictions on the use of their products. If the consumers don't like it, they shouldn't consume it.

    If you believe this, you don't know ANYTHING about how the real world works.

    Suppose if a car company put put the phrase "By driving your car, you agree to give Ford Inc. your first born child, to use in it's new Asian Sweatshop." in it's "End User Driving Agreement", then everybody would have to give Ford their kids?

    In a word - NO.

  41. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by paule9984673 · · Score: 1
    There is nothing to prevent them from revoking your right to make your variations publicly available just before they start using or distributing your variation.

    Well, I guess, I'll then just make it publicly available again.

  42. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by theRiallatar · · Score: 1

    Exactly. Being aware of these restrictions because we happen to be involved in a discussion about them is in no way the same as if, say, there's a blip on the local news about some obscure requirement added after you've purchased a car. It doesn't mean jack unless they put it in writing and you agree to it at the time of purchase.

  43. Bioware abided by the terms of WoTC's license. by Blaede · · Score: 1

    They did so when they shelled out money for the right to do derivative D&D works. How about following their example, and either accept the term, or exercise your right to find some other venue?

    And for those of you who claim you have the "right" to your own derivative Bioware work, where is your license to do so? Did you engage in negotiation and sign a contract? The answer most likely is no.

  44. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by Danse · · Score: 2

    What "Rights" exactly. You buy the game if you agree with their conditions. If you disagree, you don't buy it. Simple.

    Or, in this case, if you don't agree with the terms, you let Bioware know that you don't, and why. That's what happened when the original story ran here on /. Everyone was pissed at the fact that Bioware claimed that they could distribute mods that you create and also prohibit you from distributing them, essentially stealing your mods. They tried to claim that the EULAs for most popular games do this, but every single example they gave got shot down because they were just plain wrong. This new EULA is only a slight improvement in that area. It still seems to allow them to revoke your right to distribute your mods, and then they can proceed to distribute the mod themselves. That's really not an improvement as far as I'm concerned, and I intend to write another email to the guy from Bioware to let him know this. Hopefully they will revise it again to correct the problem.

    --
    It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
  45. EULA and the USA by PsyQ · · Score: 1

    A lot of times I heard that "clicky" EULAs can't be enforced in most countries and that the USA is one of the few that allows them. How much truth is there in that? If I release my mod in Switzerland and distribute it from Swiss servers, can I sue Bioware for compensation if they try to sell it? Without the EULA, regular Swiss and international copyright law should apply, right?

  46. Just for those interested in the Linux version by StarTux · · Score: 2

    First of all I am glad that the EULA has been changed and seems to meet better approval. We really should thank them for doing this. Unlike Blizzard Bioware have listened to their customers and have not sued them.

    But, people are wondering about the Linux port, so here is what we know:

    "The PC version of Neverwinter Nights will ship to retailers before the end of June. Linux gamers can anticipate the online release of the Neverwinter Nights server at launch and the client program shortly afterward. Linux gamers will still need the Windows version of the game to register at the Neverwinter Nights community site (http://neverwinternights.com) and to import essential game resources into their Linux server and game."

    Thats from the press release, this was followed in the forums that Bioware are going to release those, but no mention is made about maintainability, we do not know if they are going to keep the Linux version up to date.

    NeverWinter Nights is right now appearing in stores, and from what I heard the server version for Linux should be available this week.

    To set minds at ease we figured that you need the Windows version to register the game as it contains the CD key, as well as the game data. We just await the installers.

    StarTux

  47. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    Bioware has responsability to inform all of its potential customers of the stipulations of the EULA before accepting their money

    I agree 100%

    Since they have not done so (like, by clear labeling on the box)...

    Here we disagree. All they need to do is refer to it in a "See our web site" kind of way. It is the consumer's responsability to look into this in detail.

    their contract is null and void. When I pay money for a box and take it out of the store, I can do whatever I want with it.

    Their contract is null and void because they didn't spoonfeed it to you? When you pay money for a box it is your responsability to know exactly what you are paying money for. This information is made public for you. If you can't/won't check it out, you shouldn't buy the product.

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  48. Distribution clause is a ruse. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When you "serve" a NWN module, the players have to download it first. Ergo, there is no way to server w/o distributing.

  49. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    Well, any restrictions which do not break any relevant laws. Clearly.

    For example, Ford could say "By driving this car, you agree to give Ford inc. all your shoes"

    Legal, but who'd buy Ford?

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  50. Diff? by Alsee · · Score: 2

    Ok, they made changes, but exactly what changes?

    Perhaps some industrious soul could post a diff between the old and new EULAs?

    -

    --
    - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  51. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by Moofie · · Score: 1

    Nonsense. When money changes hands, THAT is the contract. If they do not secure my agreement before they accept my money, they don't get to change the deal after that fact.

    The box doesn't even SAY "see our web site for what you'll have to agree to in order to not get dicked." Well, at least no game I've ever looked at does. If NWN is different, I'll eat my hat.

    --
    Why yes, I AM a rocket scientist!
  52. simple solution to that by Twister002 · · Score: 2

    embed your name in any custom graphics you create or name all the NPC's in the game after family and friends.

    I did that in my D&D modules way back when, of course it wasn't to protect any IP rights I might have had.

    --
    "For a successful technology, honesty must take precedence over public relations for nature cannot be fooled." -Feynman
  53. Consideration and copyright by DoctorFrog · · Score: 1
    I question the part of the EULA where Bioware "implies" that I assign my copyright rights to them exclusively for distribution at their option. I suspect that the courts would strike that part of the EULA since there would not have been any "consideration" between the two parties, as the lawyers like to say.

    There has been consideration, though; you have supplied your original content, they have licensed the use of the toolkit to you. If the toolkit were actually sold to you when you first... uh, let's say "legally obtained" the game ;)... then there would be no consideration, true. If you are only licensing the use of the software, then there is.

    If it is settled in the courts that a)software is indeed licensed and not bought, and b)EULAs are a legally enforceable contract, both of which conditions could easily go either way, then this would be legitimate, if odious, condition (IMHO, IANAL).

    I've got to say it... the only way you can be sure you're not giving up your copyright in this specific application is not to accept the EULA, and the only ironclad way not to do that is not to distribute modules you wrote using it. That's obviously not an argument that most people want to hear, though, they just want to find a way to use the software & distribute modules without handing over any rights under the EULA.

    So okay, here is one :). Write yourself a novel, screenplay, or other recognized IP with clearly described settings and characters, preferably artwork. Publish the work, or register it with the Copyright office (strictly speaking this isn't a necessary step, but it'd make things easier in a legal slugfest). NOW create and distribute your modules.

    Bioware could probably still stop you from selling or maybe even distributing (iffier) those modules because of their IP, but they could NOT sell the modules themselves without your permission, because you have already established the copyright independently.

    Of course, it could be argued that your original content is original and therefore copyright even if its first use was in a NWN module, and I think that was your point (an excellent one, BTW). If the copyright existed before the module, though, it would (again, IMHO & IANAL) be completely bulletproof.

    1. Re:Consideration and copyright by DoctorFrog · · Score: 1
      Whoops, I stand corrected:

      "5. Infogrames' and BioWare's Use of Variations. If you Distribute, or permit others to Distribute, your Variations, you hereby grant back to Infogrames and BioWare an irrevocable royalty-free right to use and distribute such Variations by any means, and to make such modifications thereto as Infogrames and/or BioWare deem are necessary to package, combine, and otherwise distribute such Variations. If you do not wish to grant these rights to Infogrames and BioWare, you must not Distribute your Variations (although you may Serve your Modules). Infogrames and BioWare will make a reasonable effort to provide credit to you in the event it uses or distributes your Variations, but you acknowledge that identifying you and/or other Variation creators may be difficult, and any failure by Infogrames and/or BioWare to provide credit to any person shall not be a breach of this License and shall not limit Infogrames' or BioWare's rights to use and distribute any Variation. "

      It appears that you do turn over your copyright with respect to NWN modules if you distribute, although you'd retain it for other purposes. Again, that's if software is licensed and not bought, and if clicking an EULA is a valid way to sign a contract.

  54. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    Fair enough. If it doesn't give any hint to the conditions, I'll eat your hat.

    Personally, I think the usual small print is deliberatley too small. "Terms and conditions apply" is a bit too vague, but that's the consumers' problem (although it's the producers' fault).

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  55. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by Moofie · · Score: 1

    I never liked "caveat emptor" as a corporate policy. Of course, it is wise to investigate your purchases thoroughly, but that doesn't make it ethical to exploit people who do not.

    --
    Why yes, I AM a rocket scientist!
  56. Mod writers - add your own EULA! by Thurn+und+Taxis · · Score: 1

    Here's a potential solution for mod writers who don't want Bioware to cop the rights to their work. Simply add your own EULA to the mod when you distribute it. This license can say something to the effect of "this mod may be redistributed free of charge, as long as this file is included with it. Under no circumstances shall this mod be offered for sale, rent, lease, or included in any collection offered for sale, rent, or lease without the express permission of the author." That way, the issue becomes a matter of competing EULAs, which would most likely take a court battle to resolve. Bioware would probably rather not include the mod than run the risk of a costly lawsuit that could potentially invalidate an important part of their EULA.

    --
    On stereophonic equipment, the monaural sound obtained through multiple channels will enhance your listening pleasure.
  57. will we have to buy it twice? by geekoid · · Score: 2

    "The PC version of Neverwinter Nights will ship to retailers before the end of June. Linux gamers can anticipate the online release of the Neverwinter Nights server at launch and the client program shortly afterward. Linux gamers will still need the Windows version of the game to register at the Neverwinter Nights community site (http://neverwinternights.com) and to import essential game resources into their Linux server and game."

    If the Linux version comes out later, and we need the windows version to register and import "essential game resources", does that mean we have to buy it twice?

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  58. 17 USC §117 vs. software lending by yerricde · · Score: 1

    See, the reason they can supposedly claim 'no lending' in an EULA is because some idiot Federal judge back in the 80s ruled that installing or running software involved making a copy.

    Making a copy, but not infringing copyright. For one thing, a good attorney could make a reasonable case for fair use. For another, Sheetrock pointed out that after the judge decided that case, Congress overturned the law on which the decision was based by enacting 17 USC 117.

    Lending of software, on the other hand, is prohibited by 17 USC 109 except for video game console software and for lending by nonprofit libraries and nonprofit educational institutions.

    --
    Will I retire or break 10K?
  59. NO by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No, you buy it once. I picked up mine this afternoon and I went to the website and entered the registration number... now I presume when the downloadable linux binaries come out, I can just download them.

  60. (OT) Super Mario Bros for Sega Genesis by yerricde · · Score: 1

    I still cant play Mario on the Genesis

    Yes you can. You can play as Mario Andretti in racing, or you can play as Mario Lemieux in hockey.

    Oh, you wanted to play as Nintendo's Mario character. In that case, try this ROM for the Genesis.

    --
    Will I retire or break 10K?
  61. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by tpv · · Score: 1
    perfectly legal

    There is no such thing.
    The law is a long way from perfect.

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  62. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by tpv · · Score: 1
    Nope.

    You could enter into a contract with Ford that said that, but such a contract would have to be part of the purchase. (i.e. Not stipulated after the fact)

    Ford can say "If you want to buy this car, you must enter into this contract". If you agree, and sign it, then it's legal.
    They can't sell you the car and then say "Oh, by the way, if you ever drive this car...". You have already made the purchase, the car is now yours. Ford no longer has legal rights to it, and cannot impose additional restrictions.

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  63. Aparantly they pulled it by Trikenstein · · Score: 1

    Or its been moved.
    Which forum was it posted in?

  64. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    You could enter into a contract with Ford that said that, but such a contract would have to be part of the purchase. (i.e. Not stipulated after the fact)

    Obviously. Who has said otherwise?

    In the case of NWN, Bioware have made their conditions public before sale. The "See terms and conditions" note on the box covers this. The exact details can easily be found in their literature.

    There is nothing underhanded going on here.

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  65. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    People who do not know exactly what they are spending their money on (i.e. the most of us) have no right to complain afterwards. Laziness does not exempt one from legal contracts.

    Taking advantage of suckers may not be ethically sound, but it has been the backbone of many businesses for a long, long time.

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  66. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by EllisDees · · Score: 2

    That's the problem - there was no legal contract. A legal contract is what you have to sign when you take out a loan for a house or car, or accept employment somewhere. Do you think there is a court anywhere that would uphold a 'click-throuh' agreement on a home loan? Of course not, because it's not a legal contract. If it isn't in that case, it isn't in the case of software, either.

    --
    -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
  67. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by Moofie · · Score: 1

    /IT IS NOT A LEGAL CONTRACT/. Legal contracts happen BEFORE money changes hands.

    Remind me never to buy anything from you. If you're not a savvy enough businessperson to make money in an ethically sound manner, then you shouldn't be in business.

    Cheat to win is not an acceptable way to run a business.

    --
    Why yes, I AM a rocket scientist!
  68. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by BoBaBrain · · Score: 1

    Their conditions were available before the product was on sale. They may not have been plastered on the box, nor written in clear english, but they were available.

    --
    I am a Karma Library.
  69. Bioware owns your mod before you even make it. by skrowl · · Score: 1

    5. Infogrames' and BioWare's Use of Variations. If you Distribute, or permit others to Distribute, your Variations, you hereby grant back to Infogrames and BioWare an irrevocable royalty-free right to use and distribute such Variations by any means, and to make such modifications thereto as Infogrames and/or BioWare deem are necessary to package, combine, and otherwise distribute such Variations. If you do not wish to grant these rights to Infogrames and BioWare, you must not Distribute your Variations (although you may Serve your Modules). Infogrames and BioWare will make a reasonable effort to provide credit to you in the event it uses or distributes your Variations, but you acknowledge that identifying you and/or other Variation creators may be difficult, and any failure by Infogrames and/or BioWare to provide credit to any person shall not be a breach of this License and shall not limit Infogrames' or BioWare's rights to use and distribute any Variation.

    Anyone accepting this EULA grants Bioware the right to steal their IP on any mods they make. Given that several other mods have gone on to make their creators money (Tactial Ops for UT, Counter Strike for Half-Life, etc.) this is a TERRIBLE thing. Don't buy this game if you plan on modding it, because you're going to get screwed in the end if you plan on ever making a profit (kinda like GPL'd software)

    --

    Prevent linux based DDOS's!
    http://linux.denialofservice.org/
  70. Re:I [don't] like this part -- by tpv · · Score: 1
    The "See terms and conditions" note on the box covers this

    I haven't seen the NWN box, so I can't comment on the specific case, but most boxes just say:

    Subject to the terms and conditions within

    1. You don't know the details of the contract before you enter into it, which, from a legal point of view may negate it entirely
    2. You generally have no way of returning the product if you don't accept the conditions of the contract, which may have some bearing on the legality, and I certainly consider it unethical.
    3. You don't actually agree to any of the terms at the time of purchase, the box may state that they exist, but there is nothing requiring you to read, or assent to them at the time of purchase.
      The sale takes place between you and the vendor, when you hand over your cash, and they let you take possession of the product. There is no indication that you have entered into any contract, other than an exchange of goods for payment.

    This is somewhat like the the Ford having a sticker on it that says "You agree to abide by all terms and conditions as found the glove box", when the glove box is locked, and you don't read them, or sign anything regarding them at the time of purchase.
    The legality is questionable, the ethics more so.

    In this case BioWare has done the decent thing of making the EULA public so can review it before you buy. But you don't actually sign it, and you don't need to assent to it in order to purchase the product, so for those who don't read the BioWare forums, it amounts to conditions imposed after the purchase.
    It's common practice in software, but that doesn't make it (necessarily) legal, nor does it might it right.

    The CD + Manual, etc are yours. You can do what every you like with them as long as you do not infringe the author's copyright.

    BioWare (et al) rely on the belief that the software is useless to you unless they grant you specific rights regarding copying. i.e. They hold that you can't run the software without copying it (into memory) and you don't have the right to do that unless you agree to their licence.
    There have been arguments (and precendents, I believe) on both sides. Some argue that loading a program into memory is fair use - e.g. If you purchase a magazine, then it is illegal to make copies of th articles and give them to your friends, but it is legal (fair use) to photocopy an article so that you can make notes on it.

    The upshot is that you don't have to agree to the EULA, but it's not entirely clear what rights you possess until you do.

    And, no, I'm not sure what this has to do with Ford contracts any more :)

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