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Celebrating 26 Years of the Apple ][
jgoeres writes "June 5th is the 26th Anniversary of my first favorite fruit-flavored computer. In honor of this, the Baltimore Sun is running Part One of a two-part interview with Steve Wozniak. When The Woz speaks, I listen. Perhaps it's blind hero-worship, but he seem to embody everything good & stable that his partner lacks. Don't forget to give the man props for his mad Tetris sk1llz, too."
He gave us the original Apple, the Blue Box, and spends his free time teaching computers to children.
By the way, Apple-History.com has tons of data on every computer Apple ever built, including the Apple ][. Definitely an awesome place to get the specs.
Ah the good old days:
CPU: MOStek 6502
CPU Speed: 1 Mhz
FPU: none
Bus Speed: 1 Mhz
Data Path: 8 bit
ROM: 12 k
Vonal Declosion
I'm not sure if the Apple2E counts here but...
:-) Ah, the memories!
Am I the only person who still finds himself humming the tune to pacman on the Apple even though it's been like 12 years since I last played it?
My blog [.net, rants, general IT]
Sweet!! Looks like I'm on my way to fame and fortune!!
Not really. The Commodore 64 was the best selling personal computer ever. Commodore died because they produced a better product (the Amiga) but didn't market it well. It's unfortunate, but marketing gives an edge of an inferior product over one that is superior. I'm not referring so much to the Apple ][ so much as to the early Macintosh and the IBM PCs of the time. IBM has always been successful because of their marketing, even before PCs. They won out in the 1960s for the same reason. The Commodore 64 had superior graphics and it cost less than the Apple ][. That was the height of Commodore. You can't blame Apple for Commodore's marketing failures, though.
Perhaps it's blind hero-worship, but he seem to embody everything good & stable that his partner [Steve Jobs] lacks.
Some would say that it's precisely this personality contrast that allowed Apple to succeed, and jumpstart the personal computer industry with the Apple II and its descendants.
Based on published accounts, Woz likely would have been happy tinkering away on his projects to satisfy his own personal curiousity- it took Jobs' prodding to convince him to leave his comfortable job at Hewlett-Packard and commercialize his brilliance.
I'm sure most engineers would be loathe to admit that some marketing or sales sleaze provided them with the inspiration- or desperation- to create something novel or elegant, but Jobs apparently played that role in the genesis of Apple- Woz alludes to his constant questions about extending his technology in this very article.
Marc Siry || interactive media professional, motorcycle enthusiast ||
It was 1983, we'd just moved to Hawaii, and my father had bought $2,000 worth of off-white plastic called the Apple //c.
"Dad," I said, as I walked into the living room, "what's that?"
"It's called Captain Goodnight," he said without turning away from the 12" color monitor. "It's like Pitfall on the Atari, but funnier. You want to play when I'm done?"
The last 20 years have been a blur -- Star Control II, Wolf3D, X-Wing, Quake II, Uplink, and lately UT2K3. All because Woz and Jobs decided to slap together an affordable home computing system. Damn them both for all the time I've wasted. :-)
Disclaimer: I know, if I'd stuck with Apple exclusively these past 20 years, I wouldn't have to worry about a gaming addiction at all! Except maybe to that slide-puzzle-world-map-thingie...
They that would sacrifice their
Woz always gives an interesting interview, the (read more) links in the story get to the interesting stuff. It's too bad this is linked to something so banal as the 26th aniversary of the Apple, 'cause core /. readers would probably find it informative.
"A language that doesn't affect the way you think about programming, is not worth knowing" - Alan Perlis
I tried giving my teacher a 26 year old apple to celebrate and she flunked me...
I've heard murmurs of Acorn. Why not have a slashdot story on that. It'd be interesting at least.
Someone set us up the bomb, so shine we are!
Jobs and Woz are good in different ways. I don't understand why you have to give a comment like that. It's just like saying that Bill Gates seems to lack everything Linus Torvalds has. The fact is that people are different. Thanks to Jobs Apple is still going strong. Sorry to say but IMHO the comparsion is totally irrelevant to this story.
i remember helping to maintain a lab of these things in 8th grade... first machine i started to cut my teeth on programming... basic no less. the irony is that the brains in the robotics projects i've been toying with has about the same computing power as a ][e and i can barely fit a serial communications library and a virtual machine in that much memory (the vm acts as a dispatch for commands recieved over the serial line via radio modem from a pc, where i'm not constrained to 32k of RAM)... i have to wonder to what degree the power of the machines available to young protogeeks affects their coding skills later in life... i suspect that the less harsh the initial computational conditions in a programmers life, the less inclined those programmers are to be artful and elegant in their solutions. pure speculation, but still something i wonder about...
Well, we, former Acorn users, would not like being given the impression we are as much cursed as our Amiga fellows. :-/
Acorn is dead, RiscOS is not that well : seeing the most recent RiscOS computers can be emulated at full speed on a Celeron is just another evidence I had to switch to OSX...
Trolling using another account since 2005.
Wozniak, who had dropped out of the University of California at Berkeley to get a job, was five years older than Jobs
Wha..? I just dragged my ass out of bed and I'm still sleepy and I'm expected to understand a sentence like that?
I need another coffee...
Build your own website - full service homepage system your m
Mainly because I think its inferiorness clogged up the market for the Commodore 64.
Yes -- you're right. Having a disk drive that was actualy reasonably quick was really inferior. The glacial speed of the C64's disk drive was a design feature. It let you do Zen or something while things were loading.
In all seriousness, the only real advantage of the C64 was that it did have superior sound to the Apple ][. But think about it -- it came out *five years* after the Apple ][. (1982 vs 1977).
a world in progress...
Hear and watch the story Woz's life from the man himself. He spoke at NC State University on April 26, 2003. http://www.ncsu.edu/it/multimedia/woz.html
Switching to Linux can be an adventure!
Having a disk drive that was actualy reasonably quick was really inferior.
;-)
The disk subsystem did lack refinement. But it could act as a second audio channel.
In all seriousness, the only real advantage of the C64 was that it did have superior sound to the Apple ][.
It could speak English with the right software!!
It also had graphics that didn't look like some bizarre hack, and it had a number of somewhat useful interfacing ports.
But think about it -- it came out *five years* after the Apple ][. (1982 vs 1977).
That was the detail I was missing.
The Apple ][ must break down less or something though, because the Apple:Commodore ratio I see seems to tilt towards Apple over time.
Someone set us up the bomb, so shine we are!
I just remember...
the whole machine was designed around being open. The first thing anyone did when showing off their Apple was pull off the cover and expose its innards, the pcboard, the expansion slots. The excitement of adding an 80-column card!
I was a TRS-80 guy, but played with the C64s, the Pets, the 99/4s and everything in between. We always marveled early on at the Apple's color display and selection of games (Choplifter!)
Then they closed everything up and tried to go proprietary. Apple to me was always the underdog but their openness really gave them a chance to make it. But as soon as they achieved a substantive degree of success, the company got greedy and tried to monopolize the market. IBM stole their thunder by copying their open architecture design and having more resources. Apple got too greedy, too early and it cost them.
26 years later, has the company leaned? OS-X has potential, but ONLY if Apple doesn't try to "own" it. You'd think they would have learned something in all these years but they still seem to be innovative to a point, then shut everything down and try to make it as proprietary as possible.
My advice to Apple is to have more trust in the computing public. Embrace more open standards and don't feel so threatened if others can compete with you. This only adds value to your products and your company. Have you not learned anything in all these years? Don't simply private label FreeBSD as an "Apple Innovation". That will not work. Champion the marketplace and have faith that you will be rewarded for not being selfish. It really sounds stupid in today's economic age, but what has made Apple survive (aside from Microsoft needing it to shunt monopoly arguments) has been the loyalty of its users. Give them freedom and you gain even more loyalty.
Be open.
That should be Apple's new mantra.
Actually I rather thought that commodore's failure was an attempt to produce PC clones in a market already flooded with cheeper asian varities. I guess this is subject to some debate.
o rtcommodore.htm] I personly prefer to remember the Amgia as being a spliter project by rebels who wanted to defy the industry and actually come out with something inovative.
Also, I believe the Amiga corp produced the Amiga, that had some designers in common with Atari, and the Commodore. I'd have to pull out an amiga 1000 case, inside the cover are the signatures of all the people who worked on the project. a little history is on this site [http://commodore.ca/history/company/chronology_p
I *agree* though on the lack of marketing, with the exception of the guru meditation crashes my local cable provider sometimes shows. {newtek video toaster no doubt)
Commodore 64 I NEVER was personaly a fan of. I guess I was somewhat prejusticed tward the Atari. ICD's MIO board with SCSI, 15meg HD, and Sparta dos was where it was at. Ok fine, the commodore had better 80column support and everything supported 64k unlike, superior game library. You just had to put up with disk drives from hell. I've been recently doing a compair and contrast with emulation, and ya know I still hate the "load "$",8" followed by "list". Both atari and apples at the very least offered boot disk support.
The Apple though, another system i'm not very much a fan of, is worthy of note because of it's early entry in the market place. Freaky graphics, tape drive controler for the floppy, but this was one of the first systems you saw in schools, that and TI-99/4a but no one could afford the software fore. But it had a massive following in education applications that I really remember, that whole comes equiped with a floppy drive and authors who permited open license for education really helped out.
There is no sanctuary. There is no sanctuary. SHUT UP! There is no shut up. There is no shut up.
It could speak English with the right software!!
I assume you are talking about SAM (Software Automated Mouth). There was an Apple ][ version as well, but I agree that the C64 version sounded better.
It also had graphics that didn't look like some bizarre hack, and it had a number of somewhat useful interfacing ports.
Well, the graphics literally were a hack. Woz basically invented color computer graphics. I rather liked them though. As for ports, the Apple ][ actually had slots, just like a modern PC -- it was much more expandable than the C64.
How do you explain this then?
Alison
"It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education." - Albert Einstein
emulator:
radiovibrations.com/software/apple252.zip
game:4 17.shtml
classicgaming.com/vault/roms/appleiiroms.Taipan33
The first digital computer was a berry: Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
Not to forget the The Banana Computer.
I guess they say you always remember your first. :)
Thanks Dad!
when they ban enctryption only criminals wi$21*J *#JF$%!@#$':
Rememember, Steve may be a psycho, but hes*our* psycho.
Woz brought us the first personally affordable hardware and helped to break the consolidation of power in the mainframe.
Linus brought us an unencumbered operating system and the benevolent credo of OSS.
They are the leaders of idealogical, as well as technological, movements.
Every major innovation has its saviors and its demons. Where do you want to go today?
"You have liberated me from thought."
Tradeoffs have always been made regarding efficiency, among the most important in recent years being the necessity for affordably maintainable code, combined with the decreasing importance of having super efficient code. IMO, this discourages most who are currently learning how to program from mastering the art of designing and analyzing the runtime of code. I personally had many many arguments with someone I worked with who kept insisting that runtime didn't matter anymore on current machines. In the meantime, his awful code (by and large) kept system load on our development server above 2 for most of the development day. I shudder what would have happened if we'd moved that over to our production server....
My dad used to play a lot of Microsoft's Tetris. So I had to play too just to keep my initials on the top spot. I once had a really good game going. I was in the zone. I was playing comfortably on the fastest level. I had way over 32k points.
And then the score rolled to -32k. I've never hated Microsoft as much as I did that day (and I hate them a lot). I was dumbfound. They can't code AND they can't play Tetris. And they call themselves professionals... I eventually took it as a quest to get the top score as close to 32767 as possible. IIRC I got it within 28 points. My dad never beat that score.
This doesn't have anything to do with Wozniak or Apple. But hey, they mentioned Tetris.
Antti S. Brax - Old school - http://www.iki.fi/asb/
Is it just me, or is /. celebrating n years of everything recently? Conventionally years that are a multiple of 10 are celebrated, as perhaps are multiples of 5. This being a geek site, powers of 2 could perhaps be celebrated as well (which might be better, since they happen less frequently as the event becomes older). celebrating 26 years of something just seems strange though, unless every day is going to have a 'look at all of the things that happened on this day in history' article.
I am TheRaven on Soylent News
Ahhhh, the random memories. I remember playing on the IIe. One assignment we had was to generate a quiz, so I wrote a program to ask who all the US Presidents were. I was already a geek in 6th grade. Three years later we still had IIe computers (different school...different state actually). We had to "draw" something, so my monochrome monitor ended up with a top view of an F-15.
Then the IIc came out and I thought that was the bomb.
Back to Woz...he's the man. Jobs is the man. Together, they rock. Wox has that childlike curiousity that keeps him working on things and coming up with new ideas and inventions. Unfortunately it's not always the "best idea" that gets there. Luckily Jobs was his buddy and took the business reigns.
And kudos to Woz for teaching, being a philanthropist, and giving his time to the people. In a time when so many executives just don't give a flyin' F about the "little people" and would rather build a nice big golden parachute for themselves, or worse yet, just suck the money from the company and the people and start half a dozen scandals, The Woz is truly a wonder to behold.
"He uses statistics as a drunken man uses lampposts...for support rather than illumination." - Andrew Lang
Apple under Jobs seems like a decent place to work -- my sister's employed there, they've been a solid employer with integrity, at least measured against (ahem) some other examples I could think of. But as far as this sort of policy goes, doesn't it seem like Jobs has the professional design people sending out the memos and the engineers reading them, rather than communication in both directions? Jobs id's a market niche, he sets designers working on it, and the engineers make it work, is how I read it.
Would Apple under Jobs have recognized a Wozniak in its ranks who'd cobbled a breakthrough PDA in the shell of an iPod? What's it like for those folks now, at Cupertino?
"Fundamentalism" isn't about divine morality. It's about human authority.
I actually saw this in stores.
-BbT
Don't forget emulation overhead. You're emulating an entirely different architecture, so it takes dozens of x86 instructions to emulate a single 6502 instruction. Not to mention you're doing the address decoding and register handling entirely in software.
Why, when I was your age, I ran a BBS on an abacus hooked up to two tin cans and a piece of string! And we liked it that way!
"Alcohol, Tobacco, & Firearms" should be a convenience store, not a government agency.
Me first computer was an Apple ][
My favorite game was Breakout.
Reading now that Wozniak had written that himself, and that some of the features of the Apple ][ were invented specifically for that game is just... well... soooo c00l!!!
But even better: that Breakout implementation has a bug that AFAIR did not allow the paddle (or the ball??) to move to the very top position (Yes, the game ws played left-to-right), causing situations were you where either cought in an endless loop or would loose your ball. Anybody remember that one?
Being rather anoyed with that bug, I went ahead and fixed it. That was revelation! You could just walk right into a program and change it! how cool!
Now, some 15 jears later, i am a pretty decent programmer and just finishing my informatics dipoma... thanks, steve, for that sloppy coding!
P.S.: Breackout ist still my favorite arcade-type game.
(man, i need to change that sig. it's been there forever)
I have discovered a truly remarkable sig which this 120 chars is too small to contain.
of course he wasn't buttoned down. jobs wears turtlenecks.
I am 22 - I was 8 = That means it was 12 years old when I used it. Go Oz public schools.
I think your school system is more screwed than you know...
Snooze and you lose your sushi.
"Inferiorness?" I think the word you want is "inferiority."
If you EVER get a chance to hear Woz speak, GO! He has some hilarious stories.
For example, when he was in college, he designed and built a small device that would cause interference on a TV. Woz loves pranks, so he would take his little device to frat houses when the guys were watching the tube. He would sit in back & make the interference fade in & out. Meanwhile, some poor guy would try to adjust the antennae while everyone was yelling at him to move it here or there. In the end, Woz would finally stop the interference when the guy was in some bizarre contorted position.
He told one story after another. It was great!
I've still got my original ][ out there somewhere. Not a +, just a ][... we didn't need no fancy floating point math back in my day. Well okay, I got an Applesoft card and a 64K memory card for it. (God, I can't believe I paid more for that memory card then I did for this whole computer I've got right here)
Anyway, I fired it up a couple of years ago... it still beeps, the floppy drives still spin.. maybe I'll go bring it in the house and check it out.
I am NOT a man!
I am a free number!
The most ironic thing about my years on the Apple ][ is that now I have more apple software than I had when I owned one. And it doesn't even fill half a cd :) I still start up the emulator once in a while and play some of the old classic games from my mis-spent youth.
I'm so excited to announce that it's been exactly 26 years and 1 day TODAY! Can you believe it?
Hey, I loved the Apple ][ as much as anyone, but 26 years just isn't an important anniversary. Why are we talking about this? It's as if we forgot to celebrate this last year and we need to make up for it....
[figz@figz figz]$ kill -9 `ps -ef | awk '$1=="figz" { print $2 }'`
I was one of the (supposedly) talented and gifted kids in 4th grade, 1984. So we got to take a "computers" class. This amounted to driving us over to the one place they had some computers, and teaching us how to do Apple ][+ lo-res graphics. For those that haven't done this, it generally amounts to drawing out a grid of pixels, then writing a BASIC program to draw a 40x40 pixel, 16 color (or was it 8 color) picture.
In retrospect, this seems dork-like, but boy was it cool at the time. More than that, I think it laid the cornerstone for me to go on to what I do today, which is high-end computer-generated architectural renderings and animation. Humble beginnings to a fun life. But I'll always be thankful I was taught how to make something pretty (kinda) by typing
hlin 0,30 at 3
It took away my fear of computers. Today, when people I know in life wonder at how I can sit down and just pick up an application and use it, I tell them that its because I got started early, and got past the fear.
Thank you, wedge-shaped beige computer.
anything i tell you will cloud your opinion.
Commodore 64 I NEVER was personaly a fan of.
No, but Yoda a fan of are you.
Ah...the good ol' days...making your name appear incessantly line after line using BASIC built into the OS (when using GOTO was acceptable, not shunned upon)...showing off to your friends by typing "CATALOG" and bringing up the file directory...and who can forget, kicking all your friends' asses in Lemonade Stand back in grade school.
Yeah, all we need now is to have the Super Mario Bros. Super Show come back onto the air.
IGB: More fun than eating oatmeal!
some people bought the Apple ][e and ][ GS monitors for their Apple ][c, they didnt pop up on that little ET looking stand, but they totally worked. They would have matched too i guess? the Apple ][gs had more of a white case than the beige ][e and ][+. My school had one hooked up to a 19" TV so the whole room could see you could use Logo in color....
For the record my Apple ][e has the 12" monochrome, which might explain why i still make my telnet windows green and black. Personally, i spent countless hours playing on my 2400 baud modem or battling my brother on Spy vs Spy or Beach Head or Castle Wolfenstein or Choplifter. Life was better with the Mach 2 or Mach 3 joystick.
i guess i show my age when i refer to a Mac's "command key" as the "open apple" key?
My first sense of disaffection with Apple occured in the mid-1980's when the first Mac was about one year old. As an electronics technology student, I was very impressed with the Mac and excited to find out that the amount of memory could be quadrupled at moderate cost by carefully removing the sixteen 64K Dynamic RAM chips and replacing them all with 256K Dynamic RAM chips. Then adding a jumper or two to the main board and the system was supercharged and ready for serious work.
y /f antasy.htm
So many people were doing this that Apple started to offer it as a factory upgrade. But they charged something like two to four times as much
as the technicians who were charging basically for the chips, the desoldering equipment, and the time involved. Naturally people went with the independent technician option.
Apple responded by invalidating the warranty of anyone who received an outside upgrade, AND refused to allow anyone with a third-party RAM upgrade to get updated firmware EPROMs to correct the assorted bugs in the initial release.
This gave me the impression that Apple was a really sleasy company that was in reality 180 degrees opposite to their 'empower your world, create the new future' ever-present advertisements and media hype.
To this day I can't shake the underlying feeling that Apple is primarily a sleasy, weird, and creepy company; regardless of how many hundreds of millions of dollars that they have managed to spend manipulating their image in the media.
Apple is what people buy when they have large amounts of other-people's-money to spend and have an unbalanced obsession with looking cool.
Thank you,
Simonetta
http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2001/virtuebeaut
Woz also has a good reason to get a Segway.
---
eeww, I'll have a crab juice.
Yes, use Lunix! It's available for the C64 and C128, and it is being ported to the Apple II!
Or are you just going off at the mouth?
First, as another reader pointed out, this has nothing to do with Apple publishing source code.
Second, in order for the music-labels to agree to the iTMS they *had* to implement some form of protection.
Third, RTFA--read the link you posted. Apple's iTMS DRM is *extremely* mild--letting you burn it to an unlimited number of CDs (which can then be reripped to unrestricted AAC files), spread between three computers, and copied to as many iPods as you happen to have. About the only things you can't do with it are a) Share it across a P2P network, b) spread it to every computer in a computer lab.
Further, the AACs and MP3s that you rip yourself are not copy protected.
If anything the page you linked to shows how Apple is *more* open--I thought at first, even, that you meant to indicate this, but your other posts show that evidently not.
Integrate Keynote and LaTeX
At which point you switched parents right?
Random is the New Order.
I've got Zork II running in the vacant desk at my office, though it's not my original computer. (This is an Enhanced //e from the neighbors moving-day trash)
I was one of those Franklin scum, since my folks didn't know the shame it would bring on my head.
--
I started programming the Apple ][ (][+'s and ][e's I believe?) when I was very very young going to a computer camp. I'll never forget it! We started with a LOGO turtle and I guess I haven't looked back since. Part of my initial fascination came from the simple yet at the time amazing experience of pressing a button on a keyboard and watching the letter matching that button pop up in a fuzzy green hue on the monitor. Amazing! My first programs were such groundbreaking achievements as Turtle Draws A Square, or Turtle Draws a Circle (What's the syntax? REPEAT 360 [FORWARD 1 RT 1] something like that???). It really doesn't seem that long ago, and now it all seems so primitive. At the time I was too young to realize the implications of what I was doing, to me it was just a way to partly recreate the awesome experience I had playing video games in the arcade. I loved for the Oregon Trail. Once my little pioneer got arrested somehow and I had to appear at a trial. I think I answered "NO" to "Do you promise to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth" and it was GAME OVER> Do any of you remember this, or is it just a bizarre artifact of my imagination? Finally, I remember a hot rumor around this time that someone had written a unicorn-drawing program in LOGO and it took an hour to run but drew a fantastic piture of a unicorn. Does ANYONE know what I am talking about? Is this a true story? Anyway, it's great to look back and think about what was, at least it makes us appreciate what we have now more -- even if what we have now crashes 10 times as often as the "primitive" stuff we had back then! Thank you Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, and may your accomplishments be fondly remembered always.
Regular Meta Moderators are not more likely to get mod points.
Jobs and Woz are good in different ways. I don't understand why you have to give a comment like that.
It's a valid and important comparison. The poster is stating that they choose to admire technical talent and scrupulous behaviour, and not ruthless business acumen.
In this world, there is a surplus of ruthless, greedy, and selfish behaviour. That, we've got coming out of our collective ass. Note how we measure success.
Not enough people even know who Wozniak *is*, let alone what he stands represents to most of us geeks who cut our teeth on the original Apple ][, long before the PC ever emerged from the gaping bowels of IBM.
It's just like saying that Bill Gates seems to lack everything Linus Torvalds has.
What, like talent at computers? Scruples?
Gates has never been very good at computers. In fact, the early days of Apple and Microsoft are curiously similar. Both were founded by two friends, one of whom was good at business, and the other at technical things. In the case of Apple, Woz was an electronics wiz. For Microsoft, Paul Allen was damned talented at software.
Now, both of the real talent behind the founding of these companies have moved on, while the less-talented (geek-wise) partners milk it for everything it's worth.
Gates could not have written an OS kernel from scratch. Linus did. (Linux was a working kernel when he unleashed it on the world. It just wasn't very complete.)
The evidence indicates that Bill Gates has no sense of humor, and no scruples. Linus has both.
Most importantly, Linus didn't have to become the world's richest man to get a girlfriend. Plus, Tove could kick Melinda Gates' ass.
Microsoft is to software what Budweiser is to beer.
I am 22 - I was 8 = That means it was 12 years old when I used it. Go Oz public schools.
I think your school system is more screwed than you know...
(Emphasis mine)
Maybe the system is screwed, but at least he uses and recognizes proper pronouns.