Slashdot Mirror
Morphing Plane Wings for Efficient Flights
Roland Piquepaille writes "Airplanes, whether manned or unmanned, need to travel at various speeds. For example, a surveillance plane needs to fly fast to reach its destination point. Then, it needs to reduce its speed to achieve its surveillance mission. But with its fixed wings, it doesn't offer the same level of efficiency during these two phases. That's why Penn State engineers have devised airplane wings that change shape like a bird and have scales like a fish. Right now, the team has only built a tabletop model. So it will be a long time before you catch a plane and watch the wings disappear by looking through the window. This overview contains more details and references, including a couple of images describing the work done so far."
I'd want them to work on the technology a bit before this happened though. Wouldn't want the plane suddenly falling apart way up in the sky.
GERONIMO!!!!
...in november's issue of scientific american entitled "Flying on flexible wings"
you may find the Higgs in this signature.
go-go-gadget mophing wings!
So it will be a long time before you catch a plane and watch the wings disappear by looking through the window.
Not if you fly USAir!
Normal Airplane by day, Surveilance Death plane by night. This will be called Viper 2. (grin)
You know...
...that thing had better be sporting a Decepticon insignia.
The coolest voice ever.
Anything that bends that isn't organic tends to eventually weaken and break. And the organic stuff only manages to keep structural integrity through constant ongoing repair.
The maintenance up-time required for a flexing wing will probably be ridiculous, unless it contains self-repairing abilities.
There seems to be a common theme of altered wing shape in the recen aeronautical research. The other experiment done was to reduce noise in supersonic flight.
_____
Thank you.
Airplanes, whether manned or unmanned, need to travel at various speeds.
Sweet Zeus, what a revelation.
I also did not realize that it would ever be possible to make wings disappear by looking through a window.
Where's my flying car?
Yeah, but this is different. I caught the idea in a Popular Science a while back.
The difference is that the F-14 moves the physical wings to be more efficient. The wings in this article actualy change shape. i guess a good thing to compare it to is the liquid metal guy from T2. He could change his bodies shape on demand. That's what this is. I guess they finally figured out how to keep it stable with the immense pressures, forces, and speeds wings are subjected to.
My guess is that this "next greatest thing" isn't the answer either, but almost anything is better than a swing wing.
Is it fascism yet?
The U.S. F-14 and F-111, European Tornado, and a bunch of Russian Tupolev and Sukhoi models have had variable-geometry wings for decades. This is hardly a new concept -- just snazzier ways of doing it.
In principio creauit Linus Linucem.
I seem to recall that there are also effeciency benefits to such "Morphing Wing" technology.
I seem to recall that one of the Wright brothers observed that birds seem to turn by twisting their wings, and actually built the Wright Flyer with cables that twisted the wings in order to control it.
F-111 Mission Adaptive Wing (MAW). Flight test results here
No, not just changing the sweep as in a normal -111, -14, B-1, Mig-27 or Blackjack, but rather the shape of the wing changes as needed.
There's .... oh, no, it's just changing shape again.
The Concorde wing is static, except for the obvious movable control surfaces. Does not change shape in flight.
I think you're right! In fact, I think you should e-mail, or better yet, travel to U Penn personally and tell both the professor of aerospace engineering and a doctoral candidate that they both have totally missed the boat and are totally ignorant about swing wings!
You is the man! We at slashdot are eagerly awaiting more stupifyingly news of the obvious!
Actually commercial aircraft have to fly in many different conditions. Flying out of SFO is completely different then flighting out of DEN first in air density and then there are different weather conditions.
If Boeing or Airbus could offer an aircraft that could take off out of Denver on a hot day with the same payload capabilities as flying out of SFO on a cold day, they would have alot of buyers.
Once they're at cruising altitude you could change your wing to cruise settings for that maximum distance based on total weight and alter that durring the flight to minimize induced drag.
Sorry to break your analogy but what has a liquid robot to do with a wing changing shape?
The wing is bendable for getting a better airflow and a certain lift-force at a certain airspeed. This is far more efficient than the flaps that are used today bacause it has far less turbulance. Lots of fuell can be saved.
And yup. You can fold the wings of an F14 closer to the airplane's body for less resistance. Ofcourse this is 'physical', just like the bending.
If you mod this up, your slashdot background will turn into a beautiful sunset!
Sorry to break your analogy but what has a liquid robot to do with a wing changing shape?
It really has nothing to do with it, I was just trying to give a sense of what they are talking about. As in, the material changes shape, instead of orientation like on the F-14, or other aircraft that change their wing poition.
One of the reasons that aircraft designers have moved away from swinging variable-geometry wings is the inherent weight and complexity penalty.
A swing-wing VG aircraft is inevitably heavier than a non-swing-wing aircraft. Gains from the more efficient aerodynamic shape are eaten up by having to support a greater weight of wing structure, which has bad effects on things like power-to-weight ratio and wing loading. On top of that, the greater mechanical complexity leads to a higher maintenance load, usually expressed in Maintenance Man-Hours per Flight Hour (MMHFH).
This project looks like much of the same. Modern aircraft wings are monocoque, and have very little internal structure (although the space may be filled by other things like fuel tankage). These wings would require a lot of heavy internal structure to accomplish the effect, thus losing the benefits of the more efficient airfoil. Plus, the MMHFH ratio must be pretty awful with hundreds of little actuators.
On top of that, what are the failure modes? What happens if one of those actuators fails in the middle of a shift? Does the wing rip itself apart?
Move along folks, nothing to see here.
--Paul
Its the cross section of the wing that changes, not the angle or length of the wing.
God, root, what is the difference?
I wonder if Slashdotters ever read the fucking article.
They're talking about the use of memory alloys for a flexible wing which, in tandem with the segmented skin, will allow the wings to be deformed in-flight to adjust its aerodynamic properties. Think of it like having a wing with hundreds or thousands of flaps which could be raised or lowered in sections to change the profile of the wing to fit any situation.
Oh, remind me: where'd you study aeronautics?
Good point. Here are some other stories by him:
Towards Silent Supersonic Planes
Satellites Show That Earth Has a Fever
This Robot Collects Fingerprints
From the Higgs Boson Particle to Leadbelly
Or just view them all.
The couple of times I've had a window seat on commercial flights (various Boeing 7x7s, and MD-80s) I distinctly saw movable flaps being used to change the shape of the wing during take-offs and landings.
the formal term for this is called "aeroelastic tailoring". the wright brothers did use it to control the roll of the wright flyer, they called it "wing warping", it was their solution to steering in 3 dimensions. it was so difficult to do with the stronger wings that they started using ailerons instead.
as for the f-14 and variable geometry wings, it's not quite the same. moving the wings back and forth help with things like shock waves and control fading/reversal at high speeds.
we use the math now to determine if the wings of an airplane will rip off without warning, a phenomenon called "divergence". as for the complicated maintence issue, every plane goes through this, although they don't actively change their wings. if you watch the wings the next time you fly somewhere, you'll see they bounce up and down. the math is done during construction and testing to make sure that the airplane can deform as it needs to and still stay in the air.
who says college doesn't teach you anything? now if i could just pass the final in this class on monday...
Also, I would guess these wings aren't going to be very strong. I don't think they will safely be able to transmit the lift that they generate along their length to the body of the aircraft.
Might work for small UAVs though, since they're smaller, and lighter.
This is not a sig
While it was cybernetically linked, this kind of thing was predicted with the YF-21 (the wings/rudder/tail would morph upon the pilots command).
Just because you can mod me down, doesn't mean you're right. Shoes for industry!
I have read about a very similar patent in a Russian techincal journal ("Yunii Tehnik" the guys from former USSR will know what I am talking about) back in the early nineties. It was a proposal to change the shape of a wing using a compressed gas and some sort of a baloon inside the wing. The wings on some of the supersonic planes already can change their angle relative to the fuselage and that would have allowed it to change the profile (cross-section) too. Thick profile - good at slow speeds, thin - at supersonic. But don't quote me on this, I am not an aerospace guy, just remembered that article for some reason.
Kind of:
From Bruce Sterling's short story Deep Eddy:
Then later:
During landing, take off, turbulent flight... the wings shake and shudder a bit. In fact an older issue of AIR International detailed the wing flex testing of the A380, which showed that it could adequately handle wingtip deviations of several feet. My point is that modern aircraft materials are already designed to withstand the inevitable flexing caused by normal flight. We don't see wings just disintegrating after rough flights, do we?
Modern aluminum alloys with a carbon fiber/resin infrastructure could handle these well known aeroelastic stresses. One shouldn't just lay a blanket of assumption saying that any non-natural bending material that retains strength is impossible, though handling the problems of aeroelasticity remains a very active research area.
Unfortunately that method doesn't change the surface area of the wing, only the shape. The method described in the article changes both.
Something like this gets proposed every year at any school with an aeromech engineering major. The problem is that the force required to change the shape of the wings at the speeds the planes travel is rediculous. You'd need a whole other engine just for the wing shape changes. One presentation I went to for something like this also had a different engine for the lower speeds. Good idea but too hard to impliment.
Actually, you're right. I'm just joining the discussion, so I don't know if anyone's mentioned it, but there was an F-111 test vehicle which included variable-camber, as well as variable sweep, wings. It was part of the AFTI program, which also related to some axis decoupling (for lack of a better term) work with a modified F-16 with canards. This particular project was known as the Mission Adaptive Wing.
Would completely depend on what it was designed for. If you really wanted to you could morph constantly in minute differences as the fuel was used. Or do it every half hour or anything in between. I doubt you would see much difference in performance from changing every second to changing every thirty minutes. You would see a large increase in system requirements though. A classic engineering problem, find the optimal solution among an infinate solution set.
If anybody has seen Macross Plus, they know the YF-21 had wings like this.
They're already working on powered body armor and brain controlled computers, what other tech from anime will we see soon.
Buy Steampunk Clothing Online!
The real question is whether the new scheme can be made sufficiently reliable/low cost to use in production aircraft.
Of course I didn't RTFM - that would be cheating!
Engineering is the art of compromise.
Congradulations! I hereby award you, Leroy7677, with the award for the post with the least amount of insightfullness. Many spend time thinking about a post, but it takes a true hero to post flamebait of this magnitude. Unfortunately, this distinction does not come with any cash reward, though expect someone who agrees with you to mod you up, even though it will be clear they do not understand the issue either! We also would have accepted "you are an idiot" or "You are a fool". For the Anti-insightful king of posting, this bud is for you.
Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
The Concorde's nose can change position to either give the pilots a better view of the runway, or to reduce drag, the wings, however, do not.
Now that is wierd..never seen that before.
One of the technologies swept wings are being replaced with is thrust vectoring, which allows the plane to change the direction of the engine exaust, this allows a plane with a good pilot/computer to have extreme manuverability compared to normal aircraft.
The F-22 has up/down thrust vectoring, the X-31 has full directional controls, as well as the Su-35(or 37, not sure). One trick ive seen the Su do is to vector the thrust upwards as far as it will go, while pulling back on the stick, which turns so rapidly that for a short time the plane flies backwards...the vectoring also helps with nearly instant recovery of the insuing stall.
Upon some further googling, I found some info on the X-44 MANTA project, which is a modified F22 with uses thrust vectoring to completely replace almost all control surfaces (still in concept stage) X-44 Concept Drawing
Back in the 60s and 70s, Pat Beatty and Fritz Johl did similar work with glider wings. Obviously, with much different technology. They flew their prototypes, and raced them competitively. In addition to variable-geometry, they also expeimented with variable-span!
The technology of the day was far less sophisticated than today, but it's an interesting bit of aeronautical history nonetheless.
Although I met Pat Beatty once or twice during the early 80s, I was too young to have seen his variable-geometry and variable-span creations fly, first hand. Most of what I know about them I heard from the old-timers in my flying club, who had been active in gliding competition during the 60s.
Sadly, there seems to be very little surviving literature available on the Beatty and Beatty-Johl designs. Google turns up a few grainy photographs, and articles in ancient editions of Soaring Magazine and Krautkorant (Cape Gliding Club Newsletter), but that's about it.
Pat's wife Beatty Rowell also made significant contributions to aviation, both as a pilot and meteorologist, and wrote the book "Just for the Love of Flying". Time for a re-read, I think.
For something intelligent on this topic, see this DARPA/Boeing presentation. DARPA has a number of "smart airfoil" projects. They've tried shape memory alloys. They've tried ferroelectric fluids. They've tried piezoelectric materials. It looks like the first flight test will be a piezoelectric system on the rotor blades of an MD-900 helicopter.
It's not yet clear that it's worth the trouble, but R&D continues.
The department vanished when someone looked at it with Windows.
From the look of the model, tension is applied through strings or cables. As a pilot, I don't think I am ready to trust that till they start using a solid linkage. I had a rudder cable on a C172 snap once, and I really never want to try and land like that again. I can't imagine trusting my wings to that, especially my ailerons.
No ailerons, no getting home. Rudder and elevators won't steer a plane.
"Curiosity killed the cat, but for a while I was a suspect."- Steven Wright
It's about time Mystique found some honest work.
remember the hijacked personal aircraft in 'Flight 714' :)
I'm not sure I'd want to fly in a plane with flapping wings, but morphing surfaces might be a boost to these guys, who are working on ornithopters (and must be avid Frank Herbert fans). The video of their 1/4 proof of concept in flight is pretty interesting.
They're not fish scales, but I Think it's been done before. Granted that doesn't help efficiency, but I think these do.
What the heck is a 'sig'?
Dean Ing wrote about this in the 80's in THE RANSOM OF BLACK STEALTH ONE
3 12 034725/qid=1083005523/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_1/102-777401 9-5681751?v=glance&s=books#product-details
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0
There is nothing wrong with yr Internet. Do not attempt to adjust the picture. We are controlling the transmission - NSA