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NetBSD Sets Internet2 Land Speed World Record

Daniel de Kok writes "Researchers of the Swedish University Network (SUNET) have beaten the Internet2 Land Speed Record using two Dell 2650 machines with single 2GHz CPUs running NetBSD 2.0 Beta. SUNET has transferred around 840 GigaBytes of data in less than 30 minutes, using a single IPv4 TCP stream, between a host at the Luleå University of Technology and a host connected to a Sprint PoP in San Jose, CA, USA. The achieved speed was 69.073 Petabit-meters/second. According to the research team, NetBSD was chosen 'due to the scalability of the TCP code.'"

"More information about this record including the NetBSD configuration can be found at: http://proj.sunet.se/LSR2/
The website of the Internet2 Land Speed Record (I2-LSR) competition is located at: http://lsr.internet2.edu/"

83 of 336 comments (clear)

  1. Correct me if I'm wrong... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...but don't the three main BSD projects use pretty much the same TCP/IP stack?

    1. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 5, Informative

      True. However, the various stacks have diversified a lot since the original BSD 4.4 stack. As a result, many of the TCP/IP stacks have different performance characteristics and features. AFAIK, the three main BSDs have kept their stacks in sync because they've been sharing code. A stack from NetBSD should be almost the same as a stack from FreeBSD.

    2. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by moosesocks · · Score: 2, Informative

      AFAIK, everything modern uses the BSD stack. Windows uses the BSD stack for crying out loud (a little known fact). As OS X is heavily based upon BSD, it too uses the BSD stack.

      Not sure about linux, though. I wouldn't dobut that their stack is BSD-based (at least the parts that weren't stolen from SCO)

      --
      -- If you try to fail and succeed, which have you done? - Uli's moose
    3. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Informative

      Windows does not use the BSD TCP/IP stack.

      Yes, it does. It's gone through a few generations of development (having been a 16bit Win3x port that was bought off by Microsoft), but its origins are still BSD. Of course, there's been so much development on it at this point that it's difficult to recognize.

    4. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Perhaps you should tell that to the guy who wrote the windows stack. He's posted before saying that it is not bsd.

      Better double check that.

    5. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by xedx · · Score: 3, Informative

      similar but not the same...
      NetBSD, FreeBSD and OpenBSD
      performs differently in terms of scalability etc..
      as Mr. Felix von Leitner once demonstrated http://bulk.fefe.de/scalability/ (isnt up anymore maybe he's busy with new benchmarks) :D

    6. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by sir_cello · · Score: 3, Interesting


      Surely someone's seen the "released" Windows code and can now tell whether it is BSD based or not.

    7. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That's a user application that uses sockets, not the implementation of the protocol stack, you disengenous fucktard.

      What is? The TCP/IP stack? Or did you forget to scroll past the intro describing FTP.EXE? Oops! How embarassing!

      For you that is.

      And next time, please try to be a little more polite.

    8. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by drsmithy · · Score: 4, Insightful
      AFAIK, everything modern uses the BSD stack. Windows uses the BSD stack for crying out loud (a little known fact).

      Actually, it appears to be a well known falsehood...

    9. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by drsmithy · · Score: 3, Insightful
      That bitter little tirade doesn't exactly scream "authorative" (or "objective", for that matter).

      It's not like independently developed software projects implementing identical ideas have never suffered the same bugs and assumptions before.

    10. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Insightful

      His point that BSD source was originally used is perfectly valid. He did list an authorative source for that statement. We only have Microsoft's word that they rewrote all of the BSD code.

      Putting that aside, many of the design decisions that were inherent in the BSD code will carry forward into compatible rewrites. Thus a BSD legacy exists, even if the current stack looks nothing like the original.

    11. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by nr · · Score: 4, Informative

      Yep, Windows did use BSD stack back in the days of NT 3.5 and 4.0, but the stack has since then been rewritten from scratch, Windows 2000 and XP does not contain BSD stack.

      And Linux does not use BSD stack eighter. Linux kernel hackers have written their own stack too.

    12. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong... by cipher+chort · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Since when does "pretty much the same" give "exactly the same" results? Even an off-by-one can change things drastically.

      By the way, this isn't the first time I've heard that NetBSD's TCP/IP stack is the superior of the three. I once met the head of networking for a semi-conductor testing equipment company that did extensive tests between all three of the BSDs and Linux, and he said that NetBSD was the clear winner in TCP/IP performance.

      --
      Someone is WRONG on the Internet!
  2. That'll learn em. by Maradine · · Score: 4, Funny

    Fools, BSD is dea . . . oh, wait, what?

    --

    trustedworlds.net - gaming, security, and the gunk that lives in between

    1. Re:That'll learn em. by Bombcar · · Score: 4, Funny

      No, but at that speed they sure must've been rushing it to the hospital!

    2. Re:That'll learn em. by 3)+profit!!! · · Score: 2, Funny

      Or it must be running on bad news.

    3. Re:That'll learn em. by minus_273 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      comsidering apple uses a variant of BSD .. there are probably more BSD boxen than linux ones :-p

      --
      The war with islam is a war on the beast
      The war on terror is a war for peace
    4. Re:That'll learn em. by RamboCalrissian · · Score: 2, Funny

      BSD's not dead, it's just been getting a new game plan. 1. Achieve ridiculously high transfer speeds. 2. Activate computers worldwide. 3. Pull a Skynet and take over.

  3. No matter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    They will still get slashdotted.

  4. Question... by 8tim8 · · Score: 5, Funny
    SUNET has transferred around 840 GigaBytes of data in less than 30 minutes

    Does this mean we've broken the "station wagon loaded with DVD's" barrier yet?

    1. Re:Question... by AhBeeDoi · · Score: 5, Funny
      Does this mean we've broken the "station wagon loaded with DVD's" barrier yet?
      Not quite. However, we're appproching the Mini-Cooper barrier.
    2. Re:Question... by PacoTaco · · Score: 5, Funny

      My Netflix subscription works out to about 60 KB/s.

    3. Re:Question... by MrRuslan · · Score: 2, Funny

      Imagine that...and less than a month ago a homming pigion was top of the line...

    4. Re:Question... by georgewilliamherbert · · Score: 2, Informative
      Does this mean we've broken the "station wagon loaded with DVD's" barrier yet?

      We just worked this out...

      A Saturn Ion station wagon with the back seat folded down, full of LTO2 tapes, is 418 petabit m/s at 60 MPH, or about 6 times more bandwidth.

      And about $600k worth of tapes.

      • 79 cu ft with back seat folded down
      • LTO dimentions 21.5 x 105.4 x 102 mm
      • Rest is just math....

      You can work out the DVD bandwidth yourselves.

      Latency sucks, though.

    5. Re:Question... by applef00 · · Score: 3, Funny
      Not quite. However, we're appproching the Mini-Cooper barrier.
      At what point will we reach the El Camino loaded with bootleg porn barrier?
  5. WOOHOO ! by Sonic+McTails · · Score: 3, Funny

    We can now DoS sites at even faster speed !

    --
    This signature was left intentionally blank.
  6. Huh? by Carnildo · · Score: 2, Insightful

    What is a petabit-meter? How is it a significant measure of transmission speed?

    --
    "They redundantly repeated themselves over and over again incessantly without end ad infinitum" -- ibid.
    1. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      What is a petabit-meter?

      Think of it like 3 meters per acregallon of footyards/second divided by hectares per ohm.

    2. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's a measure of transport capacity.

      "Analogous to man-miles/year considered by airlines"

      And like the anonymous comment above mine, also analogous to gigabit-miles/hour.

      A search of bit-meters gives you some references, however helpful they actually may be.

    3. Re:Huh? by jcuervo · · Score: 2, Informative
      What is a petabit-meter? How is it a significant measure of transmission speed?
      Presumably, it's the time it takes to transfer a petabit of information over one metre.
      --
      Assume I was drunk when I posted this.
    4. Re:Huh? by Dodger73 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What is a petabit-meter? How is it a significant measure of transmission speed?

      I'd think a petabit-meter is the transfer of one petabit of data over a distance of 1m. That's significant, because transfer takes longer (and is less reliable) over a greater distance. Think switching times, packet routing and other latencies, and of course the short time the signal needs to travel halfway around the globe.
      In other words, transferring 1 pb over 1 meter in one second is considered the same 'achievement' as 0.5 pb over 2m in one second (0.5 pb * 2m = 1pbm/s).
      However, I think this form of measurement is not entirely correct for short distance, because where you might see a noticeable difference in transfer rates between transferring data over half a mile (e.g. from your ISP to you) and transferring it halfway around the globe, you won't notice much of a difference caused by above mentioned latencies between 1m and 2m distances.

      What I mean to say is, I don't think that the latencies that are meant to be taken into account by using bm/s actually scale linearly (signal travel time does, but not the other factors) - it's more likely that they only matter at large distances (or when comparing transfer speeds at large differences in distance).

      Where 1 pb transferred over 6000 miles in one second might be the same 'achievement' as 2pb transferred over 3000 miles in one second, that doesn't hold true for short distances. 1pb over 1m in one second seems to be a higher transfer rate to me than 0.5pb over 2m in one second.

      IANANE (I Am Not A Networking Expert)

    5. Re:Huh? by operagost · · Score: 2, Funny

      My operating system gets forty petabytes to the nanometer and that's the ways I likes it!

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    6. Re:Huh? by kevman42 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Consarnit, I won't care until they start measuring it in furlongs per fortnight or hogsheads to the barrel!

  7. Why TCP... by Handpaper · · Score: 2, Interesting

    when UDP has so much less overhead?

    1. Re:Why TCP... by Dodger73 · · Score: 2, Informative

      a) Because UDP isn't reliable. In other words, if you'd send byte by byte via UDP, there's no guarantee that they arrive in the same order, or arrive at all. You'd need to make it reliable by implementing your own layer on top of it. b) because TCP is what the majority of traffic on the net is, and using it for a benchmark is more realistic

    2. Re:Why TCP... by amorsen · · Score: 2, Informative

      Of course you can build error correction and recovery into UDP. At which point you have reinvented TCP. Congratulations.

      --
      Finally! A year of moderation! Ready for 2019?
  8. compression by sir_cello · · Score: 4, Interesting


    Did they check for any inband compression? They data they're sending isn't randomised.

  9. 466 MB/s by MikeD83 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    840GB/30 minutes = 466 MB/s, or 3,728 Mbps

    1. Re:466 MB/s by cmacmanus · · Score: 3, Informative

      Straight from the site:

      838860800000 bytes in 1588 real seconds = 4226 Mbit/sec ..assuming you were speaking of mbits, too. :P

  10. Mandatory RIAA/MPAA Comment by FlameboyC11 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Somebody should show Valentini this, I wonder what he'd say...

    Val: "You students transfered how much?"
    Sunnet: "About 30 movies a minute"
    Val: "Un-fucking beli-Oh wait, I already said that..."

  11. Nothing like.. by cmacmanus · · Score: 5, Funny

    ..transferring 840 gb of swedish porn across the pond. ;)

  12. How long till we can use it? by DroopyStonx · · Score: 2, Funny

    When is this supposed to be available for the average joe to use?

    Also, what measures (if any) have they taken to combat the current internet's limitations and vulnerabilities?

    --
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    1. Re:How long till we can use it? by RelliK · · Score: 4, Funny
      When is this supposed to be available for the average joe to use?

      Thursday.

      --
      ___
      If you think big enough, you'll never have to do it.
  13. because by Triumph+The+Insult+C · · Score: 5, Informative

    "According to the Internet2 LSR contest rule #5A, IPv4 TCP single stream"

    --
    vodka, straight up, thank you!
  14. The PMS as a unit of measure? by loqi · · Score: 2, Funny

    Sorry, but I've seen much higher rates of it than this.

    --
    If other reasons we do lack, we swear no one will die when we attack
  15. I've always wondered about Internet2 by aerojad · · Score: 2, Interesting

    So, is this just using a secure connection on our internet, or did they go ahead and string up an all new internet for no one but theirselves to be on? I don't really see the point of the latter - why not dump the money into vastly improving the current internet and stomping out spammers and things that make the place bad?

    --

    SecondPageMedia - Wha
    1. Re:I've always wondered about Internet2 by bgog · · Score: 3, Informative

      The Internet2 is a separate network running on IPv6. Currently it is being developed and tested between a veriety of universities, ballsy ISPs and a few buisnesses. Simply upgrading the current internet won't solve many of the problems. (like multicast) Supposedly once internet2 is doing really well, isps will slowly migrate until the old network is mosly gone.

      Note, there are bridges between internet1 and internet2.

    2. Re:I've always wondered about Internet2 by bgog · · Score: 2, Informative

      No, Internet2 is a network.
      Yep, thats what I said.

      but I know for a fact that IPv4 runs over it too
      Uhhh, That is also what I said, there are bridges between the two. IPv4 is encapsulated in ipv6 and every ipv4 address actually has a counterpart within the ipv6 address space.

      Glad we agree :)

    3. Re:I've always wondered about Internet2 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Internet2 is a separate network in the same sense that Sprint and UUNET are separate networks. It's funded for academic use, and has a rigourously-enforced AUP which results in it not being used for commercial purposes at all. It is not an upgrade of the current Internet. The name "Internet2" does not signify "the replacement for the Internet"; if you're being charitible, it means "let's see how people use a multi-gigabit network if they don't have to pay for traffic". If you're being mean, it means "let's see if we can attract federal funding by sounding like we're exciting and important."

      Many commercial networks (Level3 and UUNET spring immediately to mind) run commercial networks which are far closer to the bleeding edge than Internet2 is, in terms of the complexity of the routing system and the forwarding path. There are commercial operators who operate parallel 8xOC192 circuits which are routinely filled to near-congestion conditions 80% of the time (yes, that's an aggregate of 80Gbit/s between just two sites). The Internet is orders of magnitude more complex and advanced in terms of forwarding capacity than Internet2. There are commercial ISPs who sell production IPv6 services. There are more commercial ISPs who sell production IPv4 multicast services.

      No ISPs will migrate to Internet2, since Internet2 is funded specifically for non-commercial traffic. There are no "bridges" between the private network known as "Internet2" and the Internet in the way that you imply; there are simply universities who are connected both to the private network called "Internet2" and to the Internet via commercial providers.

      The private network known as "Internet2" is not an IPv6-only network. It does not feature a policy of shipping IPv4 traffic purely encapsulated within IPv6.

      Hope this clears up a couple of things.

  16. Reliable data transfer was more important? by Xenographic · · Score: 4, Informative

    Perhaps because they wanted the data to arrive reliably?

    UDP just sends off the data without caring whether it actually arrives intact at the other end, you know. TCP, on the other hand, actually gives delivery guarantees...

  17. way OT by justMichael · · Score: 2, Informative

    Re: your sig...
    To provide more relevacne for the band you might want to use something like the following:

    Googling up my brother's Acid Metal band, Ahymsa

    Google places more weight on the text that's actually inside the link ;)

  18. Re:Distances, people!!! by endx7 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Actually, they data transfered across Sweden, part of Europe and then the United States which (according to them) took up 10,157 miles total.

  19. RTFS by Granis · · Score: 3, Funny

    Read the Fucking Summary ;)

  20. Re:Distances, people!!! by tedu · · Score: 2, Funny

    if you take a look at map, you'll notice that san jose is kinda far away from sweden.

  21. Can we get a Uhaul trailer? by raehl · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That depends on whether the DVDs are in cases or not I think.

    At 9.4 GB per DVD (Assume single-layer double-sided DVD-R), and a travel time of 3 weeks from Sweeden to California (2 weeks on the boat, one week of driving), you'd need to get about 90,000 DVDs in your station wagon to get an effective 1680 GB/hr. That wouldn't be possible if they were in cases, but if it was just the DVDs, it's probably a close call. Might have to upgrade to dual-layer DVD's, or change the saying to "an SUV full of DVD's".

    On the other hand, if you count the time to actually read the data off of the DVDs (even worse if you count the time to put the data on the DVDs too), the station wagon of DVD's barrier was broken long ago - you probably couldn't spin a DVD fast enough to get 9.4 GB of data off it in 20 seconds.

    1. Re:Can we get a Uhaul trailer? by kidgenius · · Score: 5, Funny

      Ok, time to toss a few 250GB harddrives into an SR-71 flying at Mach 3. We cannot be outdone by mere information over wires!

  22. Keep working on it - not fast enough. by Neil+Blender · · Score: 4, Funny

    Everything should be instant

    I bet you were a little shithead when you were a kid.

  23. Re:Well, not having RTFA... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    I'm betting it's not a "land" speed record, seeing as how the data probably jumps through the air (satillite/microwave transmissions) at one or more points.

    Nope. The vast majority of phone & data runs over fiber, without satellite or microwave. The latency on satellite is much worse, & microwave is more expensive. Fiber is the first choice.

    (Not to mention the fact that being on, over, or under the surface of land or water means nothing to a data cable.)

    Well, back when I worked for JDS Uniphase during the tech boom, there was a world of difference. Getting parts qualified for underwater cables was much harder. The cable owners don't want to have to send out a ship to pull a cable up off the ocean floor to fix it - it's very very expensive.

    JDS had to guarrantee that they would make no changes in its production process without the approval of the customer, and JDS had to get similar guarrantees from its suppliers. Of course, JDS charged a lot more for undersea components, but reliability was much more important than cost.

    And many customers would demand that the parts be made in North America - they wouldn't accept made in China or Taiwan.

    Sigh. I miss working at JDS.

  24. Re:petabyte-meters!? by forsetti · · Score: 2, Informative

    Well, this is the "Land Speed" record, so distance does matter to some degree. This makes it useful to compare against the "bandwidth of a station wagon" -- more of a comparison of amount and distance over time.

    --
    10b||~10b -- aah, what a question!
  25. Re:Distances, people!!! by NNKK · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Not only did you not RTFA, you didn't read the *slashdot* article:

    "between a host at the Luleå University of Technology and a host connected to a Sprint PoP in San Jose, CA, USA."

    This wasn't across Sweden, it was across the Atlantic Ocean and North America.

  26. Re:Well, not having RTFA... by Wesley+Felter · · Score: 2, Interesting

    ...if the distance makes any real difference, something is wrong.

    One of the biggest problems in networking is handling a large bandwidth-delay product (that's the amount of data in flight at once). Since distance increases the delay it is relevant.

    Plus, I'm betting it's not a "land" speed record, seeing as how the data probably jumps through the air (satillite/microwave transmissions) at one or more points.

    Nope. Think about it: what kind of wireless connection can handle 4 Gbps?

  27. Cursive writing is for fools! by Deraj+DeZine · · Score: 2, Funny

    Notice that you accidentally dotted an "a", you cursive-writing moron! If you would just print like a regular person, that would never happen.

    --
    True story.
  28. Air speed record by sulli · · Score: 3, Funny
    --

    sulli
    RTFJ.
  29. DOSed by Veramocor · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Man I hate to be on the recieving end of a Denial of Service attack on Internet 2. 900 gigabytes of data /30 min from multiple sourses would be crushing.

    --
    Veramocor
  30. Google padding by GoClick · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Actually google doesn't index a lot of /. because there aren't enough inter article links to find all the articles and because google just gets the default page setup a lot of comments are hidden, not to mention Google only indexes a certain amount of dynamic data from a particular site to avoid causing what was once called "the google effect" when a poorly designed web app on a slow server would be hammered as google crawled the catalog.

  31. Re:Cue pr0n jokes by Neil+Blender · · Score: 2, Funny

    Theres no way you're gonna get 840gigs of Necrophilia porn on the internet.

    Don't forget, we're talking sunet.se. I used to archie tons of porn off there more than 10 years ago. If anyone's got it, sunet does.

  32. "The Internet? Is that thing still around? by AtariAmarok · · Score: 4, Insightful
    "I2 isn't going to replace the Internet some day, it's more of an acedemic playground not a construction project"

    I remember the same thing being said about the actual Internet back in the mid-late 1980s. Academic playground, won't amount to much.

    --
    Don't blame Durga. I voted for Centauri.
    1. Re:"The Internet? Is that thing still around? by madumas · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, many of the technologies developped on this network will be transfered to the Internet some day.

      In fact, you can see Internet 2 as a part of the internet. It's only that the BGP routing is done in a manner that it's only data between two academic nodes that pass through it.

      Ex.:
      1) college.edu slashdot.org -- Commercial internet
      2) college.edu othercollege.edu -- Internet 2

      Oh.. and we call Internet 2 that way in the US only. In Canada for example, it's CA*net4, but it's the same thing.

  33. Re:1MB? by Lord+Kano · · Score: 4, Funny

    how about we get 1MBS real downloadspeed in everyones home before we go shooting porn to reach ISP owners at the speed of light.

    Hey buddy. Even on a 56k modem, you're still downloading your pr0n at pretty much the speed of light.

    LK

    --
    "Hi. This is my friend, Jack Shit, and you don't know him." - Lord Kano
  34. Re:Distances, people!!! by tverbeek · · Score: 3, Informative
    Actually, they data transfered across Sweden, part of Europe and then the United States

    More precisely, it went from
    San Jose CA to
    Stockton CA to
    Kansas City MO to
    Fort Worth TX to
    Pennsauken NJ to
    Relay MD to
    Chicago IL to
    New York NY to
    Manasquan NJ to
    Tuckerton NJ to
    London UK to
    Brussels BE to
    Amsterdam NL to
    Hamburg DE to
    Copenhagen DK to
    Oslo NO to
    Stockholm SE (where it changed carriers) to
    Vasteras SE to
    Gavle SE to
    Luleå SE.

    Or maybe it was the other direction; the site doesn't say clearly which way the transfer was.

    --
    http://alternatives.rzero.com/
  35. They done it! by dj245 · · Score: 4, Funny
    --
    Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
  36. Linux Stack vs. *BSD stacks by brunes69 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    How different is the Linux stack that the *BSD stacks? Is there that large a performance difference?

    And a better question, if NetBSD has a better stack, why doesn't Linux just adopt it? After all, it *is* BSD license..

    Or is it just good old pride getting in the way again?

    1. Re:Linux Stack vs. *BSD stacks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting
      You'll see pride in action when this gets moderated into the bitbucket, as all Linux-friendly posts in the Slashdot BSD secion are. But anyway...

      Linux has often been used to set records. The sure way to see Linux trashing BSD is to add more CPUs. Linux scales tolerably well to 512 processors now! The Linux IP stack is very well suited to SMP.

      This NetBSD record is really about having insanely great Internet connections separated by thousands of miles.

      Long ago, the Linux developers did look into adopting the BSD stack. At the time though, the BSD stack was incompatible with the GPL. Alan Cox asked Berkeley to re-license under the GPL, and was turned down. At this point in time, using the BSD code wouldn't make any sense.

    2. Re:Linux Stack vs. *BSD stacks by Bensmum · · Score: 2, Interesting

      How about some evidence of that? Where is this 512 way smp machine running linux?

    3. Re:Linux Stack vs. *BSD stacks by ragge · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Actually, the Linux IP stack buffer handling have a number of problem that the BSD stack do not suffer from. One is the inability to use a number of linked buffers in one packet (the "mbuf" style) so it allocates skbuff's (on a power-of-2-basis), another is that it must always do (at least) one datacopy even on transmission. This will result in that a machine with the Linux IP stack runs out of CPU much faster than with a BSD IP stack.

  37. Re:Well, not having RTFA... by tverbeek · · Score: 2, Informative
    Plus, I'm betting it's not a "land" speed record, seeing as how the data probably jumps through the air (satillite/microwave transmissions) at one or more points.

    One of the insurmountable limitations of geosynchronous satellite communications is the nearly 45,000 mile trip the signal needs to take getting from point A to point C. It introduces a delay of almost a quarter second, and the signal attenuation over that distance limits how much data can be sent reliably. Surface-to-surface microwaves suffer from interference that reduces their transmission rate, and line-of-sight limitations. No, a strand of glass or copper hugging the crust of the planet is far faster than either, and would almost have to be used for any envelope-pushing stunts like this.

    --
    http://alternatives.rzero.com/
  38. Long Fat Pipe by bsd4me · · Score: 2, Funny

    One of the biggest problems in networking is handling a large bandwidth-delay product (that's the amount of data in flight at once). Since distance increases the delay it is relevant.

    If anyone cares, a connection with a large bandwidth delay product is sometimes called a long fat pipe. A good networking book should discuss this. I think Steven's TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 has a section on it(my copy is at work.)

    --

    (S(SKK)(SKK))(S(SKK)(SKK))

  39. Why NetBSD was chosen by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    They might claim that NetBSD scales best, but it took some code changes to get it to do so (which have since been picked up and are included in the base).

    The REAL reason for why they picked NetBSD is that Ragge (Anders Magnusson), the person doing a fair chunk of the testing, is heavily involved in the project and knows the code base. It was simply easiest to work with for him. :-)

    1. Re:Why NetBSD was chosen by ragge · · Score: 5, Informative

      Actually, we did tests with Linux (both 2.4 and 2.6) and FreeBSD also, but with not as good results. Linux IP stack eats much more CPU (and memory!) than it should. Basic problem is the network buffer implementation (or the lack of!). This is true for both 2.4 and 2.6. A redesign is needed of the IP stack to make it perform better. FreeBSD have a lot of linear searches in their IP stack left, fixing that would most likely give the same result as for NetBSD. I may port over some of the NetBSD changes if I get some spare time. NetBSD had already fixed (most of) those problems, some of them long ago, therefore it was simple to just use it.

  40. Re:Dell 2650 by dilby · · Score: 2, Funny

    For Dell's superior tech support.

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    This post patent pending.
  41. Not entirely accurate for 'normal usage'. by NullStream · · Score: 2, Informative

    Take a look at readable tcp dump and you'll notice that it is just the ascii character set shifted continuously. Now if you NEVER need disk access then this could be usable (aka isp and router junction points) but once you hit disk you are bottlenecked. Even with U320 SCSI you can only hit 320 MB/s (~2.5Gbit/s) assuming linear reads at full cacity of your full array of disks.

    Disk is limiting pretty much anything, such as playing raw 2K video (2048x1556) in real time (seconds is relatively easy but minutes is difficult). I could care less how fast your network speed as when 1 non-solid state device (ie. disk) is entered into the mix the network performance is notional compared to real performance.

    --
    "Survival of the fittest Max, and we've got the fucking gun!" - Pi
  42. Re:Well, not having RTFA... by orasio · · Score: 2, Funny


    And many customers would demand that the parts be made in North America - they wouldn't accept made in China or Taiwan.

    Sigh. I miss working at JDS.


    I guess they accept parts from China or Taiwan now : )

  43. nah, that's old, and kind of wrong anyway by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Linked buffers were good for the VAX, since pages were only 512 bytes. Avoidance of the mbuf crud has historically given Linux a speed advantage. Now, with 9 kB jumbo packets and hardware scatter-gather, supporting linked buffers makes sense again. Thus the feature was added.

    The same goes for doing a copy on transmission. BSD has generally hidden a software checksum and/or copy in the driver, because older hardware didn't support scatter-gather and checksum. Linux didn't hide it. Note that checksum comes free (seriously!) when doing a copy, since you need to access the memory anyway. Now that cards with scatter-gather and checksum are common enough to care about, Linux can take advantage of this feature for "zero-copy transmit". (obviously, the network transmit is itself a copy and the whole point of doing a transmit)

    Zero-copy receive, in the BSD style, is a way to kill SMP scalability. It involves remapping pages, which leads to cross-CPU interrupts to invalidate the old mapping. It's cheaper to copy the data.