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What's Being Done About Nuclear Security

KrisCowboy writes "Wired.com has an interesting article about Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham's speech about the defensive measures being taken at the Nuclear Energy warehouses. 'Atomic storehouses, vulnerable to terrorist attack, will be emptied of their radioactive loads,' he promises. Keeping in mind the recent Slashdot story about a Hafnium bomb, more security measures are needed, and fast."

161 comments

  1. Whatever by acxr+is+wasted · · Score: 5, Insightful

    'Atomic storehouses, vulnerable to terrorist attack, will be emptied of their radioactive loads,'

    Hmph, to put it where exactly?

    --
    "Come on, let's go drink till we can't feel feelings anymore."
    1. Re:Whatever by Allen+Zadr · · Score: 2, Insightful
      I was thinking exactly the same thing. Everyone has the same battle-cry, "Not in MY state."

      Of course, it could stay in New Mexico, but they don't want it either. Well, I guess it's time to talk about sending it into the Sun!

      --
      Kinetic stupidity has a new brand leader: Allen Zadr.
    2. Re:Whatever by HolyCoitus · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I guess the perceived difference being that someplace else would not be vulnerable to one of the countries many enemies accessing it? Because, you're right, it's not like we can just make the waste magically vanish. It has to go somewhere.

      --
      That's scary.
    3. Re:Whatever by DaHat · · Score: 1

      What ever happend to launching it into the sun?

    4. Re:Whatever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Exactly.

      It would go from a small problem of a potential terror target to a large one if we moved it haphazardly (and some went up missing). This kind of thing takes time. But the worst thing that we can do is try to rush it because its a target (this isn't an excuse to sit on it forever though).

    5. Re:Whatever by simcop2387 · · Score: 1

      then they have a different battle cry!

      But it could blow up on the way there! Remeber Challenger?

    6. Re:Whatever by VanWEric · · Score: 1

      No state is going to accept radio active waste, so why don't we just send it over to the middle east so they can dispose of it? They're half a world away! Its FOOLPROOF!

      --
      www.olin.edu
    7. Re:Whatever by whiteranger99x · · Score: 1

      Just wait for the big meteor to head towards earth, and then we can send Bruce Willis and Ben Affleck to lob our nukes on it! :D

      *hides from the impending thrown knives heading his way!*

      --
      Join the TWIT army now!
    8. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Informative

      But it could blow up on the way there! Remeber Challenger?

      1. Challenger was not carrying nuclear materials.
      2. Depleted nuclear materials cannot blow up.
      3. Non depleted fissionable materials cannot blow up without being packed inside a traditional explosive.
      4. Fissionable materials are stored in neutron inhibiting material to prevent fission.
      5. Accidental fission results in lots of heat and radiation. No boom.
      6. Old style reactors could experience boiler explosions. (e.g. Chernobyl) This is on the order of an industrial disaster rather than a nuclear bomb.
      7. Fission bombs need to be carefully shaped and triggered by explosives to blow up.
      8. Fusion bombs (e.g. H-Bombs) require a fission bomb + a closed neutron reflector + a container of hydrogen/tritium. Remove any of these and fusion cannot occur.

      Any questions?

    9. Re:Whatever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Quick celestial physics lesson:

      Sending nuclear waste into the sun has never been a valid option. The earth is orbitting the Sun at about 30 mi/s. If you want to go into a higher orbit, you speed up parallel to the earth. If you want to go into a lower orbit, you slow down. You can read more if you look into Kepler's Laws. What does this mean? The least energy approach would require you to reduce the orbital speed to zero. This means that whatever object you are slowing down will require a huge amount of power to do so if you want to accomplish it in a geologically significant amount of time :) When you are talking about sending tons of material to the Sun, the numbers become insane.

    10. Re:Whatever by 1Oman · · Score: 1

      I have a question.

      So are you saying that if the Chalenger or a similar spacecraft were to explode with nuclear material on board there would be no danger?

    11. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Insightful

      So are you saying that if the Chalenger or a similar spacecraft were to explode with nuclear material on board there would be no danger?

      That depends. If it was carrying something like an RTG, then no, no danger. RTGs are packed in nearly indestructible casings that have been tested in multiple launch failures.

      If it were carrying unprotected nuclear materials, then there is a danger of it raining down and causing several cases of cancer. However, I can't think of any reason for the shuttle to do this. Even if it did, the shuttle's trajectory takes it over the ocean so that the likeliness of human injury is as low as possible.

      If the Challenger were carrying a bomb, then the above danger might apply. There's also the theoretical chance of an accidental detonation, but it's far lower than the chances of the bomb failing to explode when activated.

      Does that answer your question?

    12. Re:Whatever by bfischer · · Score: 3, Funny

      How about we outsource it to India?

    13. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      When you are talking about sending tons of material to the Sun, the numbers become insane.

      Answers in order of power:

      1. Pulsed Nuclear Rocket (Orion)
      2. Nuclear Salt Water Rocket
      3. Nuclear Thermal Rocket (e.g. NERVA, Gas Core)
      4. Nuclear Electric Ion Propulsion

      All of the above (save for development needed for NSWR) are existing technology.

    14. Re:Whatever by EinarH · · Score: 1
      1. TRGs are insanely heavy.

      2. Allthough they are made to withstand a train crash or a plane crashlanding, I don't think they can take a Challenger style explosion and then a free fall from 5000+ meters. I remember reading something about them beeing vulnerable to certain angles of impact.

      --

      Melius mori in libertate quam vivere in servitute.

    15. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Informative

      1. TRGs are insanely heavy.

      That's sort of the point. :-) Usually the RTG has a few pounds of plutonium, a pound or two of electronics, then about 50 or so pounds of shielding.

      2. Allthough they are made to withstand a train crash or a plane crashlanding, I don't think they can take a Challenger style explosion and then a free fall from 5000+ meters. I remember reading something about them beeing vulnerable to certain angles of impact.

      No, these are designed for unprotected reentry, unlike the "black boxes" used for determining the cause of aircraft accidents. The Nimbus B crash was actually very much like the Challenger incident. Even if the radiological material was released in the impact, its environmental impact would be near zero. Plutonium is an Alpha emitter and thus cannot penetrate the skin. It's only dangerous when it's ground up into a fine powder and inhaled. Thankfully, this is a very difficult thing as plutonium is VERY solid stuff.

    16. Re:Whatever by Mekkis · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Let me repost a comment I made from the Hafnium story. Depleted nuclear materials are still DEFINITELY dangerous. Heightened security stateside sounds like a case of closing the barn door after the horse got out...
      Hey, kiddies. We're worried about the evilbadnasty terrorists getting their hands on rogue nukes from the former USSR that might be floating around out there, or worse, constructing their own 'dirty bomb' with internet-fueled recipies, sneak it into the land of the Great Satan and start nuke-nuke-nukin' on heaven's door in the name of Allah. Bush & Co. are shrieking 'For God's sake, don't let those crazy Muslim fundamentalists get hold of nuclear materials!'
      Problem is we've already given them all the material anyone could ever want or need to make a 'dirty bomb', delivered right to their sandy li'l front doors courtesy of the United States Armed Services. That's right, kiddies, we're talking about DEPLETED URANIUM, that nuclear fairy dust that's now littering Iraq and Afghanistan by the megaton! Thanks to the fabled generosity of the good ol' USA, it's possible to drive around and pick up this stuff with nothing more than a shovel and a dedication to a deity stronger than your fear of radiation poisoning.
      A dedicated Boy Scout could easily make either a low-yield nuclear bomb using enough 'spent' uranium to make a subcritical mass (remember, Mouseketeers, that 'spent' fuel rods are still highly radioactive and it just takes a lot more to reach subcritical mass than ordinary uranium) OR even more easily, mix the DU with conventional explosives to make a bomb with a radioactive plume capable of poisoning an entire city for decades!
      Fun Fact for th' Day: The most recent draft of the Geneva Convention considers depleted uranium to be a 'weapon of mass destruction', as its effects linger for decades to centuries after a war has ended, causing such amazing things as severe birth defects, mental retardation, cancer and other ailments endemic to a high degree of radioactive contamination. Any nation employing DU in its weapons will be considered to be in serious breach of the Geneva accord. (Ho ho ho! Not that the US actually gives a damn about those silly Swiss! There's profits to be had, and it's a convenient way to dispose of all that nuclear waste that would otherwise require safe disposal!)
      Check HERE and HERE for more info.

    17. Re:Whatever by mcrbids · · Score: 1
      If it were carrying unprotected nuclear materials, then there is a danger of it raining down and causing several cases of cancer. However, I can't think of any reason for the shuttle to do this. Even if it did, the shuttle's trajectory takes it over the ocean so that the likeliness of human injury is as low as possible.

      Yeah.

      Just don't eat the 3-headed fish.

      --
      I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
    18. Re:Whatever by cfuse · · Score: 2, Funny
      Hmph, to put it where exactly?

      Isn't the current plan to put it into bunker busters and rain it indescriminately on any country with oil?

    19. Re:Whatever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yo, idiot, depleted uranium is like...depleted. It has a lower activity per pound than granite.

      Mind you, once it has sat around for a few thousand years, then you'll have decay products such as radium etc. that do have a high activity. That is why granite is "hotter" than pure DU, it has an equilibrium mix of daughter nuclides.

      Aslo, a SUB-critical mass means that the conditions for criticality haven't been reached. Maybe you should study the subject, eh?

    20. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      -1 Uninformed, Fear Mongering fool

      A dedicated Boy Scout could easily make either a low-yield nuclear bomb using enough 'spent' uranium to make a subcritical mass (remember, Mouseketeers, that 'spent' fuel rods are still highly radioactive and it just takes a lot more to reach subcritical mass than ordinary uranium)

      You can't make depleted uranium fission. All the fissionable materials have already been used up. Even if you could force it to fission, it's not pure enough to be a bomb. You'll simply make the materials that much more radioactive.

      Problem is we've already given them all the material anyone could ever want or need to make a 'dirty bomb', delivered right to their sandy li'l front doors courtesy of the United States Armed Services.

      Dirty bombs are bullshit through and through. Nuclear opponents use the idea as a scare tactic to get people to dislike anything nuclear. If detonated, most of the radiation would be absorbed by buildings. Amazing enough (*cough*) concrete and steel forms an excellent barrier against nearly all types of radiation.

      Uranium is such tough stuff, that blowing it up in a bomb wouldn't be enough to pulverize it. You'd simply rain down chunks that could be easily picked up and disposed of. To be effective, terrorists would have to machine the stuff into a fine powder. Putting aside that Uranium is one of the most difficult materials to machine (I hope you got a few diamond cutters hanging around), they'd probably kill themselves in the process. See, getting people to inhale radioactive dust is the most effective way of giving people cancer. But it's not selective about who it inhales it. Including the people who machine it.

      Let's say for a moment that terrorists manage to build a viable dirty bomb without killing themselves. So they explode it over New York or Chicago. Ok, so the likelihood of cancer goes up significantly for the people within a one mile radius of the blast. Then all the uranium falls to the ground. (That stuff is HEAVY.) On the ground, no one is inhaling it, and their clothing and skin is deflecting a lot of the radiation. Street sweepers and rain eventually wash it away, where some of it is removed by water treatment plants, and some of it settles to the bottom of rivers. Since water is such a good radiation shield, nearly none of the radiation is going to reach the surface.

      Fun Fact for th' Day: ... Any nation employing DU in its weapons will be considered to be in serious breach of the Geneva accord.

      Which is why the US stopped using DU weapons. Are aren't you up on modern warfare?

      Here's my own fun factoid: Did you know that Uranium is so strong, that they use it to contain nuclear explosions? The shell of a Hydrogen bomb is made from depleted uranium. The purpose of this shell is to contain the explosion from an atomic fission bomb, and redirect that force into creating nuclear fusion. The Fusion detonation is so much more powerful, that it literally destroys the shell outright. Now, imagine some guy in a tent in Afghanistan grinding up uranium into a powder fine enough to inhale. I certainly can't see it.

    21. Re:Whatever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      6. Old style reactors could experience boiler explosions. (e.g. Chernobyl) This is on the order of an industrial disaster rather than a nuclear bomb.

      Hell of a 'industrial disaster' though...

    22. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Hell of a 'industrial disaster' though...

      Industrial disasters tend to be that way. Many towns even in the US have been evacuated from accidents such as major chemical spills. One town in Colorado even has an underground coal fire that will continue burning for the next hundred years or so. Very comparable damage.

    23. Re:Whatever by brettper · · Score: 1

      5. Accidental fission results in lots of heat and radiation
      And this is good how?

    24. Re:Whatever by mair · · Score: 1

      Nuclear had such a wonderful, but seriously dangerous potential. The hitch: there IS no safe way to contain nuclear waste. Failure consequences are MUCH too great to shoot into space- never mind what the failure RATE might be. And yes, every governor who's state was talked into being a dump site, wants that it gone. Of course. But they are all pregnant is the problem. My understanding is that No underground facility built 30-60 years ago is totally intact. They are leaking to a more or less degree. Trying to protect these dumps from terrorists? Is that believable? Add it to the list of terror related activities to be afraid of. Start with your muni water system. On nukes, we are stuck in want of a big jump in containment technology. The fact is unless you are one of the people employed to worry about this stuff...do what you have been doing with the possibility of nuke war your whole life. Just put it aside. But if anyone is in a position to help solve the basic issue, jump in! There aren't many issues more important than this. We already all test positive for radiation to a greater or lesser degree. but thats not part of this discussion.

    25. Re:Whatever by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      5. Accidental fission results in lots of heat and radiation

      And this is good how?


      Stay away and you don't die. (Radiation falls off at the same rate as heat and light. i.e. The inverse of the distance.) With a nuclear warhead, things go BOOM and you die no matter where you are.

    26. Re:Whatever by Allen+Zadr · · Score: 1
      While I was mostly saying something silly - I have completely different reasons for thinking that this is a bad idea, and little reason to stop being silly...

      What does geological significance have to do with it? The most important part is to send the transport into a trajectory towards the Sun. So long as there is enough power to break from earth (and the moon's) orbit where it goes after that is really no concern... If it takes half a billion years before entering the sun's outer core, I don't think it matters. This will also give aliens an opportunity to board the transport and create a 'SpaceHulk' scenario. ;-)

      On the other hand, it occurs to many that permanantly removing mass taken from the earth and putting it somewhere else, could have other effects. Obviously, the materials we are talking about are an insignifican percentage of the Earth's mass, yet the balance of materials on Earth seems quite fragile, and I'd hate to see a rash decision lead to the destruction of the Human Race.

      The 'Other Hand' (third) paragraph was an argument that I have heard, but I don't actually subscribe to it. I just thought, what the hell, might as well write it in.

      --
      Kinetic stupidity has a new brand leader: Allen Zadr.
  2. Ill tell you whats being done. by unixbugs · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Microsoft is probably pushing for the data contract, so the fate of the world will rest in his hands once and for all.

    --
    You are about to give someone a piece of your mind, something which you can ill afford...
  3. So much for RTOFA.... by NewbieProgrammerMan · · Score: 5, Funny
    Keeping in mind the recent Slashdot story about a Hafnium bomb, more security measures are needed, and fast.
    Yes, better get right on that. And while you're at it, make sure you hide all the palladium and water so those crafty terrorists can't make a cold fusion bomb...
    --
    [b.belong('us') for b in bases if b.owner() == 'you']
    1. Re:So much for RTOFA.... by JebusIsLord · · Score: 1

      Keeping in mind recent movie trilogies about a moon-sized planet destroying battlestation, more security measures are needed, and fast

      --
      Jeremy
    2. Re:So much for RTOFA.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nothing gets my goat more than obviously educated people getting the facts wrong.

      Yes the submitter is scaremongering without the facts behind him. The Hafnium comment was inaccurate and unnecessary.

  4. oxymoron by mabu · · Score: 1, Funny

    "nuclear security"

    1. Re:oxymoron by Bobdoer · · Score: 4, Funny

      I'd opt for "government intelligence" in this case.

    2. Re:oxymoron by humankind · · Score: 0

      mod this up... this is one of the shortest, most poignant responses ever on slashdot.

    3. Re:oxymoron by logic-gate · · Score: 1

      Never misunderestimate government intelligence I always say

  5. Ironically... by unterderbrucke · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Atomic weapons storage being centralized will probably increase rather than decrease risk of terrorism.

    1. Re:Ironically... by Jane_Dozey · · Score: 1

      In a way I'd have to agree. It would give the attacker only a single target and any problems with that targets security could end up with it being compromised.
      Although, with something like nuclear materials, does it matter if only one out of hundreds of targets are attacked?
      The results could still be rather dramatic.

      --
      Silly rabbit
    2. Re:Ironically... by Zordak · · Score: 3, Insightful

      No, the only danger is that if somebody does breach security, they would have access to more material. With lots of sites, there are lots of different security systems, meaning more potential points of failure. It's not like it's a distributed system where you have to get all of the material for it to be useful. By consolidating, you reduce your number of potential points of failure and have a single system to concentrate on. Think about it, if you have some highly-critical data, and somebody getting any of it is pretty much as bad as somebody getting all of it, would you rather have it sitting on one computer that you lock down like crazy, or on a couple of hundred that you have to try to lock down individually?

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    3. Re:Ironically... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You say...

      > Atomic weapons storage being centralized will probably increase rather than decrease risk of terrorism.

      And yet, the article begins...

      > Atomic storehouses, vulnerable to terrorist attack, will be emptied of their radioactive loads .

      So I have a just one question: Is it good, or is it whack?

    4. Re:Ironically... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How exactly? What is going to happen if a terrorist rams an airplane into Yucca Mountain?

      Anyways the article isn't talking about atomic weapons, just radioactive material. The biggest threat here is if they either a) steal it and use it to make a dirty bomb, or b) attack it and disperse it. Option a is minimized when it is centralized, and b is only viable if they have nuclear weapons to excavate the site. Perhaps its not a common perception, but the government does keep nuclear waste away from the urban areas. This means that option a is the only viable option for a terrorist trying to cause mass havoc.

    5. Re:Ironically... by loraksus · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You missed his point, there would be literally thousands of trucks / convoys needed to transport this across the country. Each being a target.
      Considering a .50 Cal BMG rifle can be bought by civilains with little or no background checks for as little as $1700 (with ammo for about $1 a round), this is a pretty big concern. 50 BMG will penetrate damn near anything and will have a nice range to boot. If you're bored (or if someone else is) figure out the kinetic energy that a 650 grain projectile has at 900m/s

      --
      1q2w3e4r5t6y7u8i9o0pqawsedrftgthyjukilo;p'azsxdcfv gbhnjmk,l.;/
    6. Re:Ironically... by nneul · · Score: 1

      This isn't necessarily true... In fact there was an article and discussion in Bruce Schneier's cryptogram newsletter discussing this and some varied responses recently about the differences between a single expensive safe and lots of inexpensive ones... The results are not always intuitive.

    7. Re:Ironically... by UrgleHoth · · Score: 1

      I agree with this. I was going to use an eggs in basket analogy, with the distributed storage as a hold over from the cold war. To boot, not only does centralization reduce the failure points, it also reduces costs, so you can put more dollars per security measure but still have it cost less than a distributed system.

      --

      Dogma - "let's just say we'd like to avoid any empirical entanglements."
    8. Re:Ironically... by gantzm · · Score: 2, Informative

      I'm not sure, what exactly was your point? That we shouldn't be trucking this stuff around, or that individuals shouldn't have access to rifles that fire .50 Cal rounds ?

      If you believe the problem is the rifle, you are in for a big surprise. Preventing access to those rifles will stop nothing. Any group that is willing to hijack a truck full of nuclear waste is probably more than capable of assembling a small machine shop and building their own weapons.

      If I wanted to crack one of these waste caskets I'd build a small bore canon (maybe 2.5 inches) that fired a round (maybe 2 inches) in a nice sabot to really speed things up. One doesn't need fancy self loading canons, just a pile of 10 single shot canons strapped in the back of a pickup.

      But, maybe your point was just not to be trucking to stuff around in the first place.

      --


      Excessive forking causes un-wanted children.
    9. Re:Ironically... by UrgleHoth · · Score: 2

      Your arguement assumes that an attacker happens to know the time and place, and vehicles containing the nuclear material. Let's assume that somehow they do.

      Having said that, there are standard safetly precautions set for transport of hazardous materials, such as:

      n Type B packages for materials with the highest levels of radioactivity--such as used nuclear fuel. They are designed to provide radioactive protection and nuclear safety under accident conditions. These packages must survive simulated accident conditions--water immersion, a 30-foot drop onto an unyielding surface, severe penetration and extreme heat--and must also prevent a nuclear reactionduring normal and accident conditions.

      ...

      Stringent Requirements For Used Fuel Shipments

      The structural integrity of shipping containers for used fuel has been verified in several tests well beyond regulatory requirements. Representative containers have been loaded onto a truck that was made to crash, first at 60 mph and then at 80 mph, into a 700-ton concrete wall backed with 1,700 tons of dirt.

      The containers have been broadsided by a 120-ton locomotive traveling at 80 mph and dropped from a height of 2,000 feet onto extremely hard ground. Additionally, they have been burned in a pool of aviation fuel for 1½ hours at temperatures of more than 2,000 F. While dented and charred, the containers were neither ruptured nor significantly damaged.


      From here

      --

      Dogma - "let's just say we'd like to avoid any empirical entanglements."
    10. Re:Ironically... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Damn you and your facts! If you think the truth can convice me, you are sorely mistaken!

    11. Re:Ironically... by loraksus · · Score: 2, Informative

      maybe your point was just not to be trucking to stuff around in the first place.


      yeah. Many targets.

      A copper plate with a fair bit of rdx / tnt behind it would also work. 1 pound accelerated to mach 4 or so should do about enough damage to anything to make it leak.

      --
      1q2w3e4r5t6y7u8i9o0pqawsedrftgthyjukilo;p'azsxdcfv gbhnjmk,l.;/
    12. Re:Ironically... by pyrrhonist · · Score: 3, Informative
      50 BMG will penetrate damn near anything and will have a nice range to boot.

      Okay, I've read a couple of your responses, and you really need to check your facts before posting.

      Other Sandia tests evaluated a terrorist attack, subjecting a container to a device 30 times more powerful than a typical anti-tank weapon. The test resulted in a quarter-inch-diameter hole through the primary containment wall. The NRC estimates that the hole produced by the test would have resulted in the release of less than 10 grams--one-third of an ounce-- of used fuel. The container's protective shielding would prevent a large release of radiation.
      So basically, a 50 caliber projectile won't do shit to these containers.

      --
      Show me on the doll where his noodly appendage touched you.
    13. Re:Ironically... by loraksus · · Score: 1

      Of course, it would be rather hard to hide a big ass convoy or even a single truck. As I understand it, these containers aren't exactly easy to disguise as they are a bit bigger than the standard trailers.
      Also, they will be going a great distance to a known destination, so it should be pretty easy to figure out where they will be, etc.

      Also, all these tests are assuming "accident conditions", being broadsided, etc by large objects, not tiny objects at high speed (i.e. bullets, metal plates accelerated to mach 4, etc). Besides, I was referring to stoping the vehicle by taking out the driver, with a 50 BMG, it should be possible. I know of no transparant surface that could prevent such a round from penetrating. Depleted uranium rounds are also created in this caliber, which should penetrate about 2-4" of hardened steel - granted most of these rounds are in the hands of the military, but you can get them.
      This is also assuming that the average terrorist can't find instructions on how to make thermite which will burn through whatever shielding they have.

      --
      1q2w3e4r5t6y7u8i9o0pqawsedrftgthyjukilo;p'azsxdcfv gbhnjmk,l.;/
    14. Re:Ironically... by loraksus · · Score: 1

      I was talking about the driver compartment in order to stop the vehicle. Not the actual container. I could of have been a bit more clear about that, my bad.

      --
      1q2w3e4r5t6y7u8i9o0pqawsedrftgthyjukilo;p'azsxdcfv gbhnjmk,l.;/
    15. Re:Ironically... by Jardine · · Score: 5, Funny

      So basically, a 50 caliber projectile won't do shit to these containers.

      Perhaps if we used some sort of nuclear weapon to break open the container.

      What we'll need is materials to build a nuclear weapon, then we can move it by truck close enough to the convoy. Once in position, we can set off the nuclear weapon, breaking open the container of spent fuel!

      Then all we'd have to do is gather up the spent fuel and we'd have the makings of a dirty bomb. It's foolproof!

    16. Re:Ironically... by Sycraft-fu · · Score: 1

      Ok, well first off, don't think there isn't plenty of material that won't stop a 50. I imagine that the driver could be sheilded. However, ultmately, what is that going to do? You stop the truck to what? Get killed by the guards? You think that these things WON'T be protected by armed guards?

    17. Re:Ironically... by pyrrhonist · · Score: 2
      I was talking about the driver compartment in order to stop the vehicle.

      What are they going to do after they stop the vehicle? It's escorted by armed guards, and tracked by satellite.

      --
      Show me on the doll where his noodly appendage touched you.
    18. Re:Ironically... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Atomic weapons storage being centralized will probably increase rather than decrease risk of terrorism.

      Denial of service defense: Atomic Boobytrap.

    19. Re:Ironically... by gnu-generation-one · · Score: 1

      "Other Sandia tests evaluated a terrorist attack, subjecting a container to a device 30 times more powerful than a typical anti-tank weapon. The test resulted in a quarter-inch-diameter hole through the primary containment wall."

      Okay, so instead of assuming it's impossible because the government literature tells us so, howabout getting someone involved in the design to tell us where the weak spots are? Like instead of magnificent-for-TV testing of weapons against the main side wall, approaching it with a lockpick set and set of spanners or something...

    20. Re:Ironically... by dfenstrate · · Score: 1

      Like instead of magnificent-for-TV testing of weapons against the main side wall, approaching it with a lockpick set and set of spanners or something...

      No one ever said they couldn't be opened. It's quite likely they can opened with rather standard tools. The point was that these things do not open under the most extreme accident conditions.

      Now, suppose you did sneak up to one, past the guards (or you killed them) and managed to open it...

      You'd die within minutes of opening it. You sure as hell couldn't handle the stuff directly.

      Most of this material cannot be handled safely without a huge capital investment (that would be noticed), and sure as hell can't be shipped around in anything less than a huge container.

      Even if you had plenty of suicidal jihad types to handle each stage of the work until they got sick or died, the suicidal types, for the most part, aren't intelligent to do anything useful with the material in the time they have with it.

      Basically, this material's lethality is also perversly a safety feature for the rest of us.

      --
      Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms should be the name of a store, not a government agency.
  6. Transportation? by stefanlasiewski · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Atomic storehouses, vulnerable to terrorist attack, will be emptied of their radioactive loads ... and transported thousands of miles across America's vulnerable road system, which are vulnerable to terrorist attack.

    Damned if you do, damned if you don't.

    --
    "Can of worms? The can is open... the worms are everywhere."
    1. Re:Transportation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You underestimate the engineering that goes into making radioactive waste containers idiot proof. You can't just open the door and grab the waste, or pop the container into the back of your pickup and drive away and expect noone to notice for 24 hrs.

    2. Re:Transportation? by loraksus · · Score: 1

      no, but you can shoot the container with a high velocity large bore rifle, or blow up a section of the highway, or create a high velocity projectile using explosives and copper plates, or even drive a propane / LNG tanker into the side of the transport vehicle. Heck, a learjet at a good speed would also work. I might add that reactive armor only works once.
      If people are willing to commit suicide runs (as is the case), it is a bitch to secure stuff like this, there are oodles of thing that someone can think of that would be able to create leaks. You would need a hell of a convoy to protect stuff like this.
      One spill would be a fucker to clean up. It would be virtually impossible to prevent the spread if there was a good sized fire burning and once particles become airborne.

      I've always been partial to mixing the material with lead and cement, then placing it into containers designed to withstand deep sea pressures, booby trapping them and guiding it into deep sea trenches, but I'm not exactly certified to offer suggestions as to how to secure such things.

      --
      1q2w3e4r5t6y7u8i9o0pqawsedrftgthyjukilo;p'azsxdcfv gbhnjmk,l.;/
    3. Re:Transportation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Secretary of Energy has gone on record saying that the casks have been tested and would survive a sep 11 type airplane assault and a tunnel train fire. You can google for it if you want (though I think he said the report is classified--as everything seems to be today).

      Deep sea trenches and mid ocean abyssal plains were old plans for storage of high level waste. While both are very good methods (its not as if a cask will pop out of the trench, and nothing *ever* happens on an abyssal plain except for sedimentation for hundred of millions of years), noone takes them seriously now because of the potnetial for terrorists to recover them. The plan nowadays is to lock them up somewhere safe and guard it so that terrorists can get at them.

    4. Re:Transportation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually the casks they transport and store nuclear material would not be dammaged by a rifle from what I understand about them. They are tested by running trains into them dropping them from air planes and they are also burned at high temperatures too. I do not think it would be easy to destroy them.

    5. Re:Transportation? by mi · · Score: 1
      None of the dangers you describe will lead to a nuclear explosion. The airplane, or the canon-round will certainly explode, and so might the truck's fuel tank, but the cargo will not. It is depleated nuclear material. And even if it was not, causing a nuclear fission is really difficult. A mere nearby explosion is not enough -- although people, exposed to the stuff (the firefighters), will quickly die...

      There was not nuclear explosion in Chernobil...

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    6. Re:Transportation? by loraksus · · Score: 1

      yeah, not arguing with anything you're saying. There certainly won't be an nuclear explosion.
      Airborne material carried by smoke and prevailing winds would be bad though.

      --
      1q2w3e4r5t6y7u8i9o0pqawsedrftgthyjukilo;p'azsxdcfv gbhnjmk,l.;/
    7. Re:Transportation? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This brings up an interesting point, what ISN'T vulnerable to terrorist attack. If you piss certain people off enough, they will want to kill you. Perhaps (warning: flamebait), certain countries should stop pissing off other countries and peoples.

    8. Re:Transportation? by aelbric · · Score: 1

      Ok, fess up. The above was either posted by Edouard Daladier or Neville Chamberlain. I'm taking bets.

      --
      nos laetus epulor qui would domito nos
    9. Re:Transportation? by mi · · Score: 1

      I bet, there are more dangerous hazardous materials being transported regularly. All this "nuke stuff" just has so much "name recognition", totally unqualified people's opinions suddenly start to matter. The downside of democracy...

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
  7. Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bombs? by Behrooz · · Score: 5, Informative

    Keeping in mind the recent Slashdot story about a Hafnium bomb, more security measures are needed, and fast

    Talk about going off-topic. Isotope bombs, which are not even feasible at this point and require a pretty massive technological base to even think about playing with, really aren't what we should be worried about regarding storage of nuclear research materials. In fact, I'd say the nuclear materials and research inside the US are probably better locked-down than just about anywhere else.

    Hell, the most-likely nuclear terrorism scenario in my estimation is someone purchasing a radiation-therapy machine and randomly zapping people with lethal doses from inside a truck-mounted setup. Given a cool million to purchase some used medical equipment, you don't even need to try to steal nuclear material from federal facilities.

    --
    "We have to go forth and crush every world view that doesn't believe in tolerance and free speech." - David Brin
  8. The real question is .... by chris_sawtell · · Score: 3, Interesting

    What are the other nuclear powers doing?

    To the powers that be in: China; France; India; Israel; Pakistan; Russia; The United Kingdom; and the United States.

    What else are you doing to prevent the unthinkable happening?

    A serious question to which the rest of the world expects a serious answer.

    1. Re:The real question is .... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The real thing that scares me is the amount of nuclear materials that have vanished from US military stock piles. I'm talking hundreds of tons, that are being written off as accounting errors to save the possbily question, yes soemone has been collecting this stuff to build a nuclear warhead. I'm not so worried about the other powers that be, but whats happened to 5% of there nuclear stocks cause no one else seems to know the answer.

    2. Re:The real question is .... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "To the powers that be in: China; France; India; Israel; Pakistan; Russia; The United Kingdom; and the United States. What else are you doing to prevent the unthinkable happening?"

      I'm sorry, I can't answer that question.

      [calls security to escort chris_sawtell out of the UK]

  9. IP on one side, "security" on another by Thinkit4 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Well you can't launch model rockets now without a permit because of "national security". You can't use a computer because of "intellectual property". From libertarian we come, to libertarian we'll come back! Soon we'll listen to the latest audio files on our computer while tinkering with the latest thing that makes a big boom.

    --
    -I am an elective eunuch.
  10. fearmongering by jacquesm · · Score: 4, Interesting

    All this stuff about 'securing our nuclear stockpiles' is so much hogwash. The stockpiles are pretty secure as it is, it would take more than just a few guys with guns to get to anything that's bomb grade. IN THE US. The really dangerous stockpiles are the ones that have little or no oversight at all or where oversight was only added after the horse already left the barn. Countries like, but not neccesarily limited to Pakistan, Iran, former USSR, India and so on are far more of a risk in this respect than the US. In Africa there are natural nuclear reactors where the 'yellowcake' can be dug up by a bunch of determined guys with shovels and a lack of desire to live. It wouldn't take a whole lot to pack a container full of this stuff, a timing mechanism and a bunch of diesel for a very large dirty bomb that can be set of by remote in a shipping yard or so. Not that it would kill a lot of people, but it could shut down a major harbour for a long long time. Of course the countries that are most likely to be at risk are also partners in the so called war on terrorism so we can't really offend them. And when that islamic coup happens in Pakistan (anybody have any odds on that ?) it will be *far* too late to get moving. Nuclear proliferation has gone way too far to put the genie back in the bottle unless there will be a genuine international effort to round up *ALL* the fissionable material (including that in the US) and to place it under international (UN) oversight. The current reasoning seems to be that only 'democratic' countries can have it, unless you manage to join the nuclear club in secret because then you become untouchable. And those are the real weapons of mass distruction we're talking about, not some imagined gas cannisters or non existant Iraqi bombs...

    1. Re:fearmongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      so then you have a bunch of countries bickering over what to do with the fissionable material.

      where will they store it, they dont own land like that.

      the UN is largely useless in DOING things, (thats my opinion), they come up with a lot of good ideas, and are capable of working on solutions, but the actual implementation is less than stellar

      plus i dont have much faith in an organization that can rack up $50million in parking tickets. that shows a real lack of respect for laws and is akin to the high school student becoming the teacher instantly.

    2. Re:fearmongering by Anonymous+Brave+Guy · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Countries like, but not neccesarily limited to Pakistan, Iran, former USSR, India and so on are far more of a risk in this respect than the US.

      You think India -- the world's largest democracy (in terms of population) and a generally civilised and well-educated society -- is a security risk because they (may) have nuclear weapons? Would it be inappropriate at this point to remind you which is the only country in the world ever to have dropped one for real, and also the country that supplied a rather large proportion of the serious firepower so-called rogue states now possess?

      --
      If you disagree, post your argument. (-1, Overrated) isn't your personal censorship tool for views you don't like.
    3. Re:fearmongering by jacquesm · · Score: 3, Interesting
      India and Pakistan have been on the brink of an all out war for quite a while now (the Kashmir conflict). Yes, they are a risk. More so than say France, Brittain, the US or China. Probably less so than the former USSR but a risk none theless.


      Your point about the US supplying a large proportion of the serious firepower that so called rogue states now possess is well taken, in fact historically the US seems to have most of its trouble from places where they have meddled in the past. If not for the Afghan debacle a CIA operative called Usama Bin Laden would never have gotten as far off the ground as he did. But then we'd have had a - god forbid - communist Afghanistan (for about 8 years or so until the USSR imploded). See Iran, Korea, Iraq (ask the British about that one) and so on.

    4. Re:fearmongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, they're less secure because they don't have 2 huge oceans to defend themselves with, and are surrounded by powerful countries, not all of which like them.

      If a country like Pakistan invaded India, nuclear waste and perhaps weapons would go missing just like the artifacts from Baghdad's museum.

    5. Re:fearmongering by davejenkins · · Score: 3, Interesting

      round up *ALL* the fissionable material (including that in the US) and to place it under international (UN) oversight.

      The UN?!?!? Please no!

      These are the same assholes that grafted billions in the Oil-for-food programme, and put Syria on the Human Rights Commission. What a joke organization. I wouldn't trust them with anything more lethal than a police baton and a water cannon.

      Equivalancy among nation-states is an illusion. Not all states have equal power, resources, nor equitable governments. As such, defaulting to the UN is rarely a solution.

    6. Re:fearmongering by g3head · · Score: 1
      The Curve of Binding Energy covers many of the same problems from the 70s, so disreguarding these problems as "hogwash" would be irresponcible. From what I remember from reading it, and what pops up in the mass media (like this wired article) it seems as if many of the warnings that popped up over 30 years ago were disreguarded. Measures that might have been put into place, like many other aspects of the govenrment, have simply fallen behind the times due to lack of concern, lack of money or both.

      While you can get material for a dirty bomb from discarded medical supplies or from nature you seem to be forgetting that a large part of terrorism is psychological. The idea of material being stolen from a supposedly secure nuclear facility would concern me much more than some material taken from old medical supplies or smuggled into the country.

      Yes, there's probably a better chance of an old soviet nuke showing up than some terrorist homebrew, but ignoring potential threats from inside our borders is part of the reason 9/11 occured.

    7. Re:fearmongering by 1Oman · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yeah we all know that nuclear power plant security is infallible. But wait maybe its not. But I'm sure they will find this stuff or maybe not.
      And then there is always this to worry about.

    8. Re:fearmongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We can't trust the UN not to siphon money away from an oil for food program, what do you think would happen to nuclear materials? Keep the standards with the IAEA and ICRP and we'll be set.

      Dirty bombs are near fiction anyway. The shielding alone around a strong enough source, of either Co-60 (assuming hospital activity) or spent fuel, would have to be nearly 2 feet of concrete thick so as not to kill the terrorist within a few hours (eventhough their dose rate would still be huge). Getting into and out of a spent fuel facility would take a while, and you can't just sneak material off the premises without setting off the inner area and perimeter radiation detectors. Or say they do get on the property, do you think they'll cut through the steel-reinforced concrete outer containment wall? Doubtful. Replacing a pressure vessel takes weeks of continuous labor alone with industrial sized machinery. A few guys with a jackhammer can't exactly do much too fast. Maybe you think they'll get through the security checkpoint and get in through the control room? If you've never been able to see one of those, you'd first of all be amazed at the 1970 technology that runs the facilities, and second you'd be amazed at the redundancy of security doors. In the US, we have very little to worry about in the way of people getting into our nuclear facilities or anywhere near our nuclear weapons. Fears should lie with foreign countries that don't have the safeguards that we've had for years. I suppose there might actually be a benefit to having a public that doesn't understand the first thing about anything nuclear, because it leaves us overprotected. Who knows

    9. Re:fearmongering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the country that supplied a rather large proportion of the serious firepower so-called rogue states now possess?

      I think you'll find that the vast majority of AK-47s do not come from the US...

    10. Re:fearmongering by shadowbearer · · Score: 3, Informative

      You think India -- the world's largest democracy (in terms of population) and a generally civilised and well-educated society -- is a security risk because they (may) have nuclear weapons?

      May have??

      India conducted it's first nuclear test in 1974.

      SB

      --
      It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
    11. Re:fearmongering by aelbric · · Score: 1

      The UN?!?! LMAO.

      The UN is virtually incapable of stabilizing or securing anything. And to top it ll off, they would need the US to perform most of the implementation and absorb most of the cost. We would be right back where we started from. The only difference being that all of the other countries would complain about the US being in control of the world fissionable materials.

      Although I don't have an answer, I know that this isn't it.

      --
      nos laetus epulor qui would domito nos
    12. Re:fearmongering by Anonymous+Brave+Guy · · Score: 1

      1974 was a long time ago. India and Pakistan both claim to have conducted underground nuclear tests much more recently than that. Strangely, none of my friends in the world-class geophysics lab down the road detected the side effects their instruments would show on an unmissable scale had such an event really occurred, however.

      It wouldn't surprise me if India did have significant quantities of weapons-grade materials, or indeed if they had weapons ready to fire, but you shouldn't believe everything you read in the papers, particularly when its only source is a sabre-rattling government.

      And of course, the point of the original post was the risk of that material falling into the wrong hands. India's a pretty stable place -- and hardly the only nation in the world with a long-standing but pretty cold war going on -- and the chances of them firing the nukes themselves don't seem particularly high.

      --
      If you disagree, post your argument. (-1, Overrated) isn't your personal censorship tool for views you don't like.
    13. Re:fearmongering by shadowbearer · · Score: 1

      1998 wasn't all that long ago:

      http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/coalition/brief16.htm
      (India and Pakistan nukes - lot more than just "claims")

      http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/17B_Thakur .h tml
      (India's "stability")

      http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/onefive.htm
      (tests aren't "unmissable" )

      Considering the Islamic extremist terrorism activity in India/Pakistan that I've been hearing so much about in the last year or so, I'd hardly consider the countries "stable"; remember, too, that their "cold war" has been a lot less chilly than the USSR/USA one ever was. There have been regular border clashes and military standoffs there for decades.

      SB

      --
      It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
    14. Re:fearmongering by Wolfrider · · Score: 1

      --Oh come on now, really -- the water cannon is a bit much. All they should be allowed to have is a police baton and a silly hat.

      --Oh, and sunblock. Definitely sunblock. ;b

      --
      .
      == WolfriderV6 == I'm willing to admit that *I just might* be wrong... Are you??
  11. The 2nd Amendment guarantees my right to nukes. by g0hare · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Everybody should have one. Then we'd all be safe.

    --
    Vote Quimby!
    1. Re:The 2nd Amendment guarantees my right to nukes. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      yeah, that'll teach the King of England!

    2. Re:The 2nd Amendment guarantees my right to nukes. by Anonymous+Brave+Guy · · Score: 1
      yeah, that'll teach the King of England!

      I doubt it, since the last one died quite a while ago...

      --
      If you disagree, post your argument. (-1, Overrated) isn't your personal censorship tool for views you don't like.
  12. What about the missing nukes? by neon-fx · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Since nuclear weaponry became the status symbol for any modern nation, around 50 nukes have went "missing". 8 being from the usa and the rest from russia. That kinda scares me more than ppl stealing one!

    1. Re:What about the missing nukes? by fugoo · · Score: 1

      actually, they're not really 'missing' per say, just ignored on the bottom of the ocean: OaklandTribune.com get yerself a waterproof geiger counter and a couple of divers and become a member of the nuclear club! the air force doesn't care enough to do it themselves, if you're not an evil terrorist, there could be some salvage $ in it. .

    2. Re:What about the missing nukes? by neon-fx · · Score: 0

      eBay here i come!

  13. End of the world by whiteranger99x · · Score: 3, Funny

    At the rate we're going, the whole world will end up much like THIS if we're not careful :P

    --
    Join the TWIT army now!
  14. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by deglr6328 · · Score: 1

    "Isotope bombs, which are not even feasible at this point and require a pretty massive technological base "

    I do believe isotope bombs are quite feasible indeed. It is the isoMER bomb which I posted a story on that is now in question. Nuclear isotopes contain varying numbers of neutrons with identical numbers of protons in the nucleus. Nuclear ISOMERS contain the same of both but have excitiations of the spins of the nucleons' constituant neutrons and protons.

    --
    - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
  15. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by KrisCowboy · · Score: 1

    Isotope bombs, which are not even feasible at this point and require a pretty massive technological base to even think about playing with

    A few years ago, someone said "650KB ought to be enough for anybody" (for off-topic discussion, see more of this here). We are now in an age where sending stuff to mars is about to become a routine exercise to the governments. So, we are not far away from building a golfball-sized hafnium bomb that would cause rather devastating effects. It's time for all the nuclear-powers to wake up and do something about it.

    In fact, I'd say the nuclear materials and research inside the US are probably better locked-down than just about anywhere else.
    Correct, but there's no other nation close enough to become a super-power comparable to US. Buildings are just as tall in the rest of the world, but why those twin towers in NYC? US has the power to start a nuclear war and it is still the number 1 target for many terrorist organizations. Prevention is better than cure, buddy.

  16. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by Mose250 · · Score: 1

    It's not off-topic... as long as the topic is "irrational fears"

  17. Not "nuclear" by MightyPez · · Score: 3, Funny

    Nuculure. Use some strategery, morans.

  18. And the real answer is... by Anonymous+Brave+Guy · · Score: 5, Interesting

    No matter how much you do, some fraction of your vital infrastructure will always be vulnerable to a sufficiently powerful and well-organised attack. If you protected every critical piece of infrastructure in a country -- all the power stations, water supplies, transport routes, government hubs, etc. -- then you'd expend far more resources than are practical on security, and having so many people in the system would cause weak links anyway.

    Ultimately, you can't prevent an unknown enemy from committing an unknown act forever. All you can do is your best to stop it (and that's better done starting from intelligence rather than raw defensive power at every vulnerable point) and your best to clean up the mess (e.g., by having back-up generators in key places like hospitals in case the power does go out).

    A more serious question that I'd pose, given the above harsh-but-true assessment, is how much could quality of life in general be improved if all the resources being diverted in the name of "fighting terrorism" were invested in hospitals, schools, etc. in the first place.

    --
    If you disagree, post your argument. (-1, Overrated) isn't your personal censorship tool for views you don't like.
    1. Re:And the real answer is... by nateb · · Score: 1
      A more serious question that I'd pose, given the above harsh-but-true assessment, is how much could quality of life in general be improved if all the resources being diverted in the name of "fighting terrorism" were invested in hospitals, schools, etc. in the first place.

      Sir, I would ask you to think about what you've asked here. Certainly you would agree that we need to defend the country against militants of any sort, yes? (This includes terrorists, armies, etc.) I don't believe that the best use of our security resources would be best spent elsewhere, building hospitals. (In the least, hospitals are a private endeavor, not public.) We most certainly must take steps to reassure ourselves that we will not see future attacks on our native soil.

      I agree that any additional resources we can afford to use on schools, hospitals and the would be most welcome and well-used, but while we still have enemies in the world, we must protect ourselves from them.

      --
      -- Nate
    2. Re:And the real answer is... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      A more serious question that I'd pose, given the above harsh-but-true assessment, is how much could quality of life in general be improved if all the resources being diverted in the name of "fighting terrorism" were invested in hospitals, schools, etc. in the first place.
      Dammed little. The Federal goverment *already* spends billions upon billions upon billions on those things.
    3. Re:And the real answer is... by Anonymous+Brave+Guy · · Score: 1
      Certainly you would agree that we need to defend the country against militants of any sort, yes?

      As much as is possible, of course. But it's a game of dimishing returns. And notice that a lot of the most successful crime-reducing measures in recent times haven't involved more policemen with bigger guns. They've involved getting into the communities, finding out what the real motivations are and addressing them. Often, that's as simple as providing a worthwhile education for the children and teenagers so they actually bother going to school, or adding some sort of recreation facilities so they're not hanging around with nothing better to do all evening.

      I don't believe that the best use of our security resources would be best spent elsewhere, building hospitals.

      OK, here's a real and contemporary example from here in the UK. Our Home Secretary wants to introduce biometric identity cards. These are supposed to clamp down on lots of the politically unfortunate realities of our situation today: illegal immigrants, benefit fraudsters, and of course the T word. The reality is that not a single idea coming out of the Home Secretary's office has shown us how any of these things will be better addressed by having a biometric ID than using the ways and means we already have.

      What is clear, however, is that billions will be required to implement and maintain such a scheme (and even that's only the initial estimate, which will inevitably double or treble before we get close to finishing the set-up, based on past experience). It will take a vast amount of human resources to get it working and keep it working. And it will anger a significant part of the population in the process. The most compelling argument against ID cards is no longer a civil liberties one (though that's still a pretty good argument) but rather the vast implications for wasted resources and excessive beaurocracy.

      Now, in the UK, health and education provision aren't private. They're all run by the state, though there are private alternatives, which rich or nervous people like to use because they don't trust the state provision or simply can't get the treatment they need from it. The amount of money and other resources we're talking about throwing into ID cards could make a world of difference to either education or health, or to fighting real crimes, supporting our overstretched military, reducing the Council Taxes that are going up faster than our pensioners can afford, or a million other more deserving purposes.

      The point of this post isn't to discredit ID cards -- I think that's been done pretty well already -- but to show what a difference a large amount of money and resources can make, and how much is being thrown away in the name of "fighting terrorism" for little or no real benefit.

      I agree that any additional resources we can afford to use on schools, hospitals and the would be most welcome and well-used, but while we still have enemies in the world, we must protect ourselves from them.

      Of course, but that doesn't necessarily mean throwing ever larger amounts of money into ever bigger guns and stronger armour. I'm assuming from context that you're from the US. In that case, you already have something like ten times the military budget of the next most "militant" country, no? If you want to protect yourselves from enemies, you might start by asking where those enemies came from. Is having more military weight than anyone else -- and being belligerent with it -- really helping, or is it actually doing more harm?

      --
      If you disagree, post your argument. (-1, Overrated) isn't your personal censorship tool for views you don't like.
  19. As far as powerplants go.... by dfenstrate · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Some time ago, post september 11th, the Nuclear Regulatory commission decreed that the security at nuclear power plants was not enough, and that it should be increased.

    Ok, that's all well and fine, as much as I hate the nanny state, that's what they're there for, and we have to deal with it.

    So, these security upgrades, required by the NRC if we are to continue generating nuclear power, where initially scheduled to be done by this coming october.

    This was a reasonable timeframe at the initial order.

    Except every month or two, they'd increase or change the theoretical attack our security would have to be able to repel.

    And then never move the completion date back to allow time to make adjustments for their continual meddling.

    So now, at my plant, we have a huge security capital project that needs to be done in 5 months, because the NRC just finished up their requirements, finally, two months ago. The engineering and construction firms obviously need time to design a system to meet the NRC standards, and prepare for it's construction.

    So basically we're spending 15 million dollars on a rush job because the NRC has no fucking clue how businesses work, and allow no time adjustment for their indecision.

    And the funny part is that even if a team of terrorists got past our already substantial security (both physical and personell), they'd have no fucking clue how to cause any damage that would extend beyond the plant or spread radiation to the public- figuring out such a thing requires years of studying the plant's most intimate workings.

    Fuckin NRC.

    --
    Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms should be the name of a store, not a government agency.
    1. Re:As far as powerplants go.... by secolactico · · Score: 1

      Waylon? Is that you?

      --
      No sig
    2. Re:As far as powerplants go.... by Beryllium+Sphere(tm) · · Score: 1

      >they'd have no fucking clue how to cause any damage that would extend beyond the plant or spread radiation to the public- figuring out such a thing requires years of studying the plant's most intimate workings.

      Do you mean "spread radiation", or do you mean spread a dangerous amount of radiation?

      The operators at Three Mile Island were able to release radiation outside the plant and cause a panic without even trying.

    3. Re:As far as powerplants go.... by dfenstrate · · Score: 1

      Yes, thank you for making me clarify.

      They did release radiation to the public, but it was such a ridiculously small amount that the projected increase in cancer deaths was 0.6- and thousands of people where potentially exposed.

      There have been lawsuits, of course, but all thrown out of court because of a complete inability to prove that the accident caused any harm.

      Oh, and the operators did try- well, not to release radiation, but they shut down a number of accident mitigation systems because they misunderstood the situation. Had they simply let them run, they would have been back online a few weeks later.

      --
      Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms should be the name of a store, not a government agency.
  20. Any bets? by patternjuggler · · Score: 1

    It's only a matter of time before someone in the government claims that the rationale for maintaining a stockpile of nuclear weapons is to provide us with a deterrent against terrorists who might steal weapons from that stockpile and use them against us.

  21. so concerned about a lab in the US by nutznboltz · · Score: 1
    1. Re:so concerned about a lab in the US by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  22. Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by G4from128k · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Hell, the most-likely nuclear terrorism scenario in my estimation is someone purchasing a radiation-therapy machine and randomly zapping people with lethal doses from inside a truck-mounted setup. Given a cool million to purchase some used medical equipment, you don't even need to try to steal nuclear material from federal facilities.

    It's worse that you think. A number of years ago (maybe 10 to 20?), the radiation detectors at Los Alamos went off when a delivery of patio furniture passed by. Turns out the cast iron in the furniture contained Cobalt-60. Tracing the shipment back, they found that the furniture had been made in Mexico from scrap metal. Someone in Mexico had sold a radiation therapy machine as scrap.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
    1. Re: Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2, Funny


      > It's worse that you think. A number of years ago (maybe 10 to 20?), the radiation detectors at Los Alamos went off when a delivery of patio furniture passed by. Turns out the cast iron in the furniture contained Cobalt-60. Tracing the shipment back, they found that the furniture had been made in Mexico from scrap metal. Someone in Mexico had sold a radiation therapy machine as scrap.

      Great for tanning both sides at once, eh?

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    2. Re: Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Great for tanning both sides at once, eh?"

      Hey look, I got a tan on the inside!

    3. Re: Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "How come Homer and Krusty look like clones?"

      Matt G. said that in the initial writing for the Simpsons that he wanted to play off on how Bart wanted nothing to do with his father but instead reached out to someone who ironically looked just like him.

    4. Re:Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by FredGray · · Score: 1
      Essentially all steel contains a measurable amount of cobalt-60. It can come from "orphaned" sources, as in this case, but it's also introduced intentionally by many steel mills. In order to monitor the integrity of the bricks that line the furnace, it is a common technique to embed small cobalt-60 sources in them. When you stop seeing the 2.5 MeV gamma radiation, you know it's time for new bricks. (I understand that many mills have switched to a different monitoring technique involving lasers, but there are still plenty in the world that use the cobalt-60 method.)

      In general, the level of radiation is too small to be a serious health concern, but it is a real problem for those of us who are putting together very low-background detectors to look at neutrinos, etc.

    5. Re:Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by Behrooz · · Score: 1

      Ahh, but radioactive patio furniture is a significantly lower-level source, isn't intentionally lethal, and emits continuously... making it a lot harder to hide and a lot easier to find even if someone doesn't want you to, especially with the growing spread of radiation detectors all over the place.

      On the other hand, radiation therapy accelerators are capable of delivering lethal doses in an astonishingly short time while remaining inert the rest of the time-- do a google search on "Therac-25 Accidents" and you'll be pretty terrified.

      The incidents in question concerned ionizing radiation doses high enough that the radiation therapy subjects felt a severe burning sensation from the beta radiation flux during a fraction of a second of exposure.

      Needless to say, none of them lived more than a month, recieving doses in the >1000rem range.

      1000rem in under a second due to mechanical failure. Bad bad bad news.

      I don't know how far the electron beam could remain coherent, but a lot of people could die before anyone figured out what was going on if someone hooked a good-sized accelerator up behind a tarp in a public place and fried passersby.

      --
      "We have to go forth and crush every world view that doesn't believe in tolerance and free speech." - David Brin
    6. Re:Free Radiation Therapy Machines in 3rd World by yomegaman · · Score: 1

      Fine, but 1-over-r-squared is pretty good shielding. You'd have to convince the victim to come over and stick his head inside the thing. It's not like you could just zap people sniper-style from 100 yards away.

      --
      ...wearing a skin-tight topless leather jumpsuit, with cutaway buttocks and transparent crotch panel.
  23. Wow by Rura+Penthe · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Keeping in mind the recent Slashdot story about a Hafnium bomb, more security measures are needed, and fast."

    I don't know where to begin with this. We should be more afraid because of technology we don't even have yet (and may never have) might get into the hands of terrorists? Do they have some massive R&D lab hidden in the mountains near Pakistan? And what does a theoretical isotope bomb have to do with our current nuclear stockpile?

  24. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by Zordak · · Score: 1
    A few years ago, someone said "650KB ought to be enough for anybody"
    First, no, he didn't. That's not even what he was purported to say. Depending on who you ask, it was either 64K or 640K, both of which were common at some point. 650K never was, so at least get your inaccurate quotes right. I'd be willing to bet that you've never even seen a computer with less than a Meg of memory. Second, what does that have to do with anything? It's not like a bunch of rogue terrorists got together and breached the 640K memory barrier. Do you think they are going to somehow build a bomb that well-funded governments have not been able to? Your argument doesn't make any sense. Also, what's your point about the US being the only superpower? It would be a lot easier to steal fissile material from somewhere else and get it into the US than it would be to steal it from the DOE.
    --

    Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
  25. Oh and while where at it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... why not look up all the worlds scissors, because you know just how dangerous they are.

    I mean seriously though, how long are we going to let this go on for? It's like chicken little and the sky is falling! All these defensives measures and security procedures aren't going to do J@*# $#!% to stop terrorism or nuclear proliferation. All it's going to do is scare people and cause taxes to go up in order to pay for personal, equipment, etc... Oh and lets not for get the amount our 'elected' officials skim off the top.

  26. What's Being Done About Nuclear Security by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Seems like they're changing tactics
    There was Police vans, motorbikes, some sort of 40 foot mobile office and a breakdown truck with the convoy of Nukes that went past my house yesterday.
    The last police vehicle had a flashing sign "No Overtaking"

  27. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I like the particular link you chose to illustrate your point. Fighting pseudoscience with conspiracy theories. Good job.

  28. On Site Suicide Bomb by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    No need to steal anything. A Big Bang in the storage facility would shut it down for many, many years. If you're after terror this would be pretty effective, especially if coupled with a DDOS, or even more dangerous, hack attack against the major financial/news sites. If you could manage to blow something up in Navada with the wind blowing towards Las Vagas you could cause a pretty large panic. In fact, you wouldn't even need to cause an explosion, a War of the Worlds type of incident caused by disrupting communications and planting false stories would work just as well.

  29. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by deglr6328 · · Score: 1

    oops!! mea culpa! That site is rather preposterous, sorry! I merely looked for a site showing an isotope separation facility and didn't read the rest of the site. Here is something right more respectable I think.

    --
    - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
  30. Sorry Guys... by damien_kane · · Score: 1, Funny

    "Its pronounced 'nukular', Lisa; 'nukular'..."

  31. An interesting story by Digitus1337 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    My family and I were on vacation in the north-eastern United States a couple of years back. My dad wanted to check out the Three Mile Island vistor center, as he's a bionuclear physicist and is really geeked up over that kind of a thing. We had one of those Hertz rental cars with the GPS helper, so we checked and the visitor center was on there, so we told it to take us there. We pulled in where it told us to, into a street that wasn't much bigger than a driveway. Within a matter of moments we were boxed in by a few Humvees (not the street-legal models, the big should-have-treads things), and have guns pointed at us from all around. We're told very persistantly to slowly get out of the car and put our hands on the hood. We did so, they took our pictures, ran our fingerprints, called in two trucks full of troops to help the obviously overpowered platoon that was trying to keep a family of four under tight watch. Safeties were off, we were potential enemies. After an hour or so (and a search of us and the car) they let us go, told us to never came back, but were nice enough to point us in the direction of the -real- visitor's center. It was closed for the day -_-.

    1. Re:An interesting story by UrgleHoth · · Score: 2, Insightful

      As I understand it, this is the first tier of security for sensitive sites (even before getting to any physical barriers). This is why I think even if there were centralized storage of nuclear material/weapons, that the risk if general contamination by ground vehicle bombing is very low. Also there are SUAs (special use airspace) labelled prohibited which do not allow ANY unauthorized travel.

      --

      Dogma - "let's just say we'd like to avoid any empirical entanglements."
    2. Re:An interesting story by dfenstrate · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Wow. What a bunch of Jack booted thugs.

      At my powerplant, there's a manned guardhouse with a few jersey barriers you have to weave around before you get anywhere security even remotely cares about. You come in unexpected, 999 times out of 1000, the guard politely turns you around at the gaurdhouse and gives you the best directions he can.

      If you go barrelling past the guardhouse (no gates at the outer perimeter of the site) then you'd get that kind of response. Of course, only people who where trouble- certainly not a family of four- would weave past Jersey barriers and then zoom past a guard waiting for you 15 ft afterwards.

      As for the 1 time out of 1000 when some poor misdirected soul wasn't treated kindly at the gate, his arrival coincided with the start of a security alert, and he was seen as potentially a part of it. He was thrown on the ground and handcuffed by about 40 state troopers who were already on their way to respond.

      Turns out the security event was likely caused by a turkey setting off a few proximity alarms. After several hours of searching the power plant from top to bottom- and the guy probably shitting himself the entire time- he was sent on his merry way.

      --
      Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms should be the name of a store, not a government agency.
  32. OMG! a lab with plutonium by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Save us all from the terrorist!

    Meanwhile go on and make more bombs Israel, that's OK with U.S.

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/corresponden t/2841377.stm

  33. Secure Airspace yeah right by Crizp · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The Pentagon and WTC all have no-fly-zones, and look how that went... If no-one cares that several big passenger planes takes a 180 mid-flight and heads straight for said no-fly-zone with the transponder off and no radio contact, how can we (or _you_ since I don't live in the US) expect that a small Cessna or similar plane flying below radar coverage, carrying a small bomb, won't make it to it's destination? A nice destination would be the spent-fuel rod storage facilities at Indian Point or another plant... Blowing the wall up, releasing the water. Instant overheating and subsequent fire, which would last a long time and contaminate a rather large area, possibly killing tens of thousands of people.

    1. Re:Secure Airspace yeah right by Jameth · · Score: 1

      Except, now the airforce has the right to do shit in our airspace when that stuff is happening.

      Whether they try some fancy mid-air take-over special-ops godlike coolness, or just blow the plane to kingdom come, those no-fly zones are gonna start working soon.

    2. Re:Secure Airspace yeah right by NewbieProgrammerMan · · Score: 1
      A nice destination would be the spent-fuel rod storage facilities at Indian Point or another plant... Blowing the wall up, releasing the water. Instant overheating and subsequent fire....
      I think not. Yes, spent fuel assemblies release heat for a long time, but by the time you get them out of the core and into a storage facility the output is not high enough to cause "instant overheating and subsequent fire." I expect you'd have to provide a powerful explosion or a large/hot fire if you wanted to produce a significant radiological incident.
      --
      [b.belong('us') for b in bases if b.owner() == 'you']
    3. Re:Secure Airspace yeah right by Wormholio · · Score: 1
      ...how can we (or _you_ since I don't live in the US) expect that a small Cessna or similar plane flying below radar coverage, carrying a small bomb, won't make it to it's destination?

      Except that a small Cessna does not have the capacity to carry all that much explosive material, or anything else for that matter (compared, say, to a rental truck full of fertilizer and diesel fuel). A small plane crashing into something would be more like a little British sports car crashing into something.

      --
      "Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire." -- William Butler Yeats
  34. Nuclear weapons are just too much hassle... by AchilleTalon · · Score: 2, Informative
    given what you can do with chemical and bacterial weapons much more cheaper to produce with ready available chemical products or some bacterian material you can steal much more easily and so much difficult to track down.

    --
    Achille Talon
    Hop!
  35. A Cessna wouldn't cut it either by UrgleHoth · · Score: 1

    Remeber the single engine plane crash into a skyscraper in Florida?
    It didn't do that much damage. Those things are light. So you add a bomb, lets say you load it overweight, against how many feet of steel reinforced concrete?

    --

    Dogma - "let's just say we'd like to avoid any empirical entanglements."
  36. Waterproof geiger counter? by barakn · · Score: 1

    Water is going to act as a great shield for the gamma and alpha rays coming from U-235. Try googling for a waterproof geiger counter. There's a reason why the bomb hasn't been found yet.

    --
    "I'm so moist I'm sticking to the leather." -Kermit the Frog on The Late Late Show
  37. Los Alamos Eyballing by Ardisson · · Score: 1
  38. Re:I think there are some bigger issues too by Satan's+Hand+Puppet · · Score: 0

    MODERATORS - Some of you are definately cretins.

  39. This is not waste we're talking about. by idommp · · Score: 1

    The material that in not being properly guarded in NOT lowlevel waste. It is highly-enriched, bomb-grade uranium. Something like 400 metric tons in Oak Ridge (Y12) alone. It does not take a genius to detonate this material. It doesn't even require an implosion. The uranium bomb (little boy) droped on Japan in WWII was a gun assembly weapon. It fired a conical bullet of enriched uranium down a six foot barrel and into a target with a matching hole. It worked quite nicely. Anyone with a few 10 pound blocks of this stuff can build a bomb. The only safe thing to do with it is dilute it back to less than a few percent u235.

  40. What about Iraq? by wew · · Score: 1

    I see a lot of Americans accusing Iran, Russia, and Pakistan of not adequately guarding their nuclear materials adequately. But what about the nuclear facilities in Iraq, which are apparently being left unguarded altogether by the American occupation forces? And consequently, what about the American justification for the invasion of Iraq as preventing these materials being transferred to terrorists?

    1. Re:What about Iraq? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      " the U.N.'s nuclear watchdog agency reported after reviewing satellite images and equipment that has turned up in European scrapyards."

      He said "UN" ...

      Hehehehehe.

  41. Nuclear Plants. What security? by imaginaryNumber · · Score: 1

    Friends were boating in a southern state a month ago, not far from an active nuclear power plant. The weather turned nasty. Then the boat hit a rock. They had to beach the boat... on unfenced power plant property. Not a soul was around. No one came to greet them. They could have stayed longer and had a hot snack (microwaving not required).

    Homeland Insecurity is doing a good job of keeping nail clippers off of airplanes, but the agency doesn't seem at all concerned about unauthorized access to nuclear power plants. I guess this is not too surprising, considering that Ridge is in charge. Well, maybe 'in charge' is the wrong term.

  42. Hafnium Bomb. by ripragged · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The most important thing we could do about nuclear security is to educate the public on the real dangers of nuclear radiation. Radiation in large doses is dangerous. The most likely dirty bombs will not result in large doses, but mass panic. The panic will be far more dangerous than the radiation in most cases. I work with radioactive material for a living. I don't know the ins and outs of a Hafnium Bomb, but I know that once the radioactive material is dispersed by an explosion, it starts being less of a hazard immediately. Panic is the most dangerous aspect for those not in the immediate vicinity of any detonation. Increased security is important, but it is harder to wreak terror in an informed group. email me at raymeyers13@mac.com

    --
    In theory there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice there is.
  43. Start with USA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We can start with unarming 1000 US nuclear warheads, just lying around. The self appointed world cops need to step down. We don't need bullies.

    Shame on you USA, trying to tell other countries what to do when you yourself amass tonnes of nuclear weapons! Hypocrites! No wonder the world hates you...

  44. What George Orwell wrote in 1946 by dpbsmith · · Score: 2, Insightful

    In a 1946 essay entitled "You and the Atom Bomb," George Orwell wrote:

    Considering how likely we all are to be blown to pieces by it within the next five years, the atomic bomb has not roused so much discussion as might have been expected. The newspapers have published numerous diagrams, not very helpful to the average man, of protons and neutrons doing their stuff.... But curiously little has been said, at any rate, in print, about the question that is of most urgent interest to all of us, namely, "How difficult are these things to manufacture?" ...Had the atomic bomb turned out to be something as cheap and easily manufactured as a bicycle or an alarm clock, it might well have plunged us back into barbarism, but it might, on the other hand, have meant the end of national sovereignty and of the highly-centralized police state. If, as seems to be the case, it is a rare and costly object as difficult to produce as a battleship, it is likelier to put an end to large-scale wars at the cost of prolonging indefinitely a 'peace that is no peace.'"

    George Orwell,Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters, vol 4, item #2

  45. Government control better than private control? by homunculi · · Score: 1

    Well, despite DOE regulations security sucks at privately owned Nuke Plants. Take for example the missing fuel rods from Vermont Yankee ( http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/Northeast/04/21/nuclear .fuel.missing.ap/ ) I don't somehow think that a government facility will be any safer. . . I think the whole lot of them are completely incompetent. . .

  46. Re:Ha ha by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    .. I knew this wasn't about Shrub before even getting to the end of the post..

    Shrub didn't cut taxes. He RE-ARRANGED them. Take a looksee and tell me you paid less taxes when you add up your:

    Federal Income
    FICA
    FUTA
    State
    Local

    I bet you paid MORE, unless you're a billionaire!

  47. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by yomegaman · · Score: 1

    Sending stuff to Mars is hardly routine, it costs a billion dollars and only works right about a third of the time. And as for your hafnium bombs, I wouldn't lose too much sleep since the physical effect they depend on seems to be irreproducible. You worry too much, man.

    --
    ...wearing a skin-tight topless leather jumpsuit, with cutaway buttocks and transparent crotch panel.
  48. Re:Hafnium bombs? You're worried about hafnium bom by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    " require a pretty massive technological base to even think about playing with "

    Hafnium powered engine for this airplane.

    The AFRL now has other ideas, though. Instead of a conventional fission reactor, it is focusing on a type of power generator called a quantum nucleonic reactor. This obtains energy by using X-rays to encourage particles in the nuclei of radioactive hafnium-178 to jump down several energy levels, liberating energy in the form of gamma rays. A nuclear UAV would generate thrust by using the energy of these gamma rays to produce a jet of heated air.

    If people are working on making usable power-plants from hafnium, it's not as far off as you think it is. Remember how much easier it is to build a fusion bomb than a fusion power plant.

    Just because the work's classified doesn't mean it's not out of the reach of terrorists (think the Anthrax attacks)

  49. mix bureacracy and atomics and get... by rcpitt · · Score: 1
    bureaucrat1: can't have all that dangerous material spread all over the place - we'll put it all in a single, well protected place.

    bureaucrat2: can't tell Utah that we're putting dangerous stuff there - tell them it's a replacement for Fort Knox

    bureaucrat1: Hey - I love it!

    time passes - large, iron clad, secure bunker-style building with lots of military and police all around is built in Lindon. Stuff starts arriving from all over and put inside

    bureaucrat1: now it's all in one place, we can rest easy.

    radiation engineer1: They did what?!!!

    radiation engineer2: Yup - and the temperature in Lindon is rising rapidly - put all that stuff together and you get lots of interaction - I'm getting out of here

    rad eng1: me too - by!

    news anchor: bulletin from Utah - Lindon has been wiped off the map by something that people in Las Vegas describe as a mushroom cloud. IBM lawyers cheer and Linus says "I knew SCO would self-destruct, but I had absolutely no idea they would do it so well"

    --
    Been there, done that, paid for the T-shirt
    and didn't get it
  50. Re:Emptying storehouses of atomic loads by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sounds like someone talking about their balls.