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Biological Activity on Mars

visination.com writes "Recent ground based observations of Mars have confirmed the presence of water and methane. The 300 year life time of methane on Mars is short, giving scientists reason to beleive that Mars may be biologically active." From the article: "Every one of these longitudes shows a very substantial enhancement in the equatorial zone...So this is a very intense source of methane on Mars in this region. It also requires a very rapid decay of methane...more rapid than photochemistry would allow..."

100 of 489 comments (clear)

  1. Late-breaking news: by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 5, Funny
    Today the Council of Elders confirmed the rumours that the sinister blue planet third from our star has managed to detect traces of life upon our world.

    K'breel, speaker for the Council, stressed that there was no cause for alarm:



    "While this is truly a troubling development, rest asured that the mighty Council has forseen this, and has taken the necessary steps to deal with the situation. The asteroid the Council has set in motion is on target to strike the invaders' planet in a few short years, and its payload of biological toxin, specially formulated to destroy their disgusting cellular structure, will insure our continued safety and serenity."


    When challenged by pro-life activists present at the conference, who asserted that the invaders were living beings just as we are, and that we did not have the right to arbitrarily exterminate an entire species, K'Breel replied tersely:


    "Wrong. Watch us."

    --
    ____

    ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

    1. Re:Late-breaking news: by 0x461FAB0BD7D2 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Disgusting cellular structure? 3G is not that bad, honestly.

    2. Re:Late-breaking news: by notmyeye · · Score: 5, Funny

      "...will insure our continued safety and serenity."

      I hope the deductible is reasonable.

    3. Re:Late-breaking news: by geekoid · · Score: 4, Funny

      It's good to hear from our new Pope.

      by 'our' I mean your, and my 'your', I mean not mine.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    4. Re:Late-breaking news: by Vengeance_au · · Score: 5, Funny

      However what K'breel fails to understand is:

      Biological life on mars --> fossils --> oil

      therefore, I give Dubbya 5 days to declare a war on Martian WMD's, terrorism, or being anti freedom. And hey, if the above news about the asteroid comes to light, he'll have a 50% strike rate on invading for legitimate reasons!

    5. Re:Late-breaking news: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I for one welcome our new Methane producing Martian Overlords

    6. Re:Late-breaking news: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Not only that, but it's the RED planet. So if there are any lifeforms there, they must be commies. That's all the reason we need to invade!

    7. Re:Late-breaking news: by kfg · · Score: 5, Funny

      . . .he'll have a 50% strike rate on invading for legitimate reasons!

      Nah! After Mars is reduced to a giant, radioactive Christmas tree ornament it will turn out that the above letter was a "misinterpretation" by the "intelligence" community.

      It will come to light that the actual letter said:

      "A disease has wiped out most of our male population. Mars needs geeks to insure the survival of our species, and our women are HOT! Them pulp novel covers? Phhhhhhhhbt! You ain't seen nothin' yet, Earth nerd. Because our need is so pressing and so great we have converted an asteroid into a transport ship and will be sending it right over. Fill it up with everyone who knows how to root, if you know what I mean."

      Oops.

      KFG

    8. Re:Late-breaking news: by identity0 · · Score: 4, Funny

      I bet when the Martian invasion comes and Slashdot reports it, instead of panicking like the people after the Orson Welles broadcast, Slashdotters will be like:

      "Someone tell the editors it's not April fools anymore" (+3, Funny)
      "It's a dupe! Doesn't Taco read his own site?" (+2 Insightful)
      "I paid subscription rates for *this*?!" (+1 Insightful)
      "DUPE!!!" (-1, redundant)
      "I, for one, welcome our new Martian overlords" (+3, Funny)
      "Slashdot has gone really downhill lately, don't they check their sources?!" (+1 insightful)

      and while they chatter away, the Martians will take over the world and kill everyone.

      Or something.

    9. Re:Late-breaking news: by 01000011011101000111 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I would post a list of anti-democratic and self serving actions by the US over the last 100 yrs, but it'd be trolling and would also upset me (I do actually admire the ideals America was built on); anyone who wants to can google the facts for themself... I *wish* people would start admitting the faults in their own countries :'( I'm british, and i can admit we've done some really crappy stuff in the past (appeasment, Colonizing america/australia, colonialism, various european wars, selling arms to "Bad People" - just for starters) - i think this is reason for the general low opinion of the US globally - they just won't admit they make mistakes :(
      Mod this however you want - flamebait even - I'm depressed at the death of idealism now... bloody secret polic^H^H^H^H^Hservices :(

      --
      Programming is an Art. I am an Artist. Does that mean I get to wear a daft hat?
    10. Re:Late-breaking news: by Paua+Fritter · · Score: 4, Insightful
      For the sake of argument I will agree that the reasons used to persuade the world we needed to invade Iraq turned out be flawed.

      Perhaps "reasons used to try to persuade the world" ... because let's face it, the world was not persuaded. Actually the reasons were really only good for domestic consumption.

      However we have already invaded Afganistan, and I belive most people would say that was justified, so our strike rate is already 50%, and would go to 66%. If you disagree, than the strike rate would be 33%. If we have invaded another country, please advise and I will stand corrected.

      LOL! How many countries has the US invaded?!!

      For over a hundred years the US has been invading countries all over the world, from Mexico, to Russia, to Nicaragua, to Vietnam... must have been literally dozens of places, even if you leave the World Wars out of it. Bogus justifications (e.g. the Gulf of Tonkin "incident") are the rule rather than the exception.

      But if you're talking about invasions in the last few years then you'll have to include Haiti, supposedly invaded to bring peace and respect for human rights to that troubled country ... starting by kidnapping the democratically elected president and sending him to Africa. I don't think that one does the US "strike rate" any good either.

    11. Re:Late-breaking news: by OmgTEHMATRICKS · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I, for one, welcome our new Martian overlords.

      ......what?

    12. Re:Late-breaking news: by filmnorthflorida · · Score: 2, Informative

      Are you that stupid? We invaded Haiti and kidnapped Aristide just over a year ago (Feb 2004).

      --
      --- php: perl hates people
    13. Re:Late-breaking news: by justin12345 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Damn Strait! This is America where when we go to war the spoils are distributed democratically! All these liberals whining about Iraq!? Why, gas is practically free now; and it wouldn't be if we hadn't fought for our freedom over there!

      --
      Cool art gallery, if you're into that sort of thing.
    14. Re:Late-breaking news: by OrangeTide · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If that happens I will either need to kill myself or apply for citizenship in a different country.

      Didn't Arnold become president in that movie, Demolition Man? Maybe it wasn't so much of a movie as a prophecy?

      --
      “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
    15. Re:Late-breaking news: by Chris+Burke · · Score: 4, Funny

      Mars needs geeks to insure the survival of our species, and our women are HOT!

      Oh, no. I'm not falling for that one again.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
  2. There it is..No, there it is! by qw(name) · · Score: 4, Funny

    Why does it feel like our scientists are just chasing after the wind when it comes to the search for life on Mars?

    1. Re:There it is..No, there it is! by uberdave · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'd be glad if they found such evidence. It would provide the best possible excuse for a manned mission.

    2. Re:There it is..No, there it is! by HermanAB · · Score: 2, Funny

      They are chasing bacterial farts...

      --
      Oh well, what the hell...
    3. Re:There it is..No, there it is! by isomeme · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Actually it might provide just the opposite. Robots are a lot less likely to contaminate Mars with Terran microbes. It's effectively impossible to keep a manned mission from dropping a few microbes onto the surface. And once that happens, you'll forever after be wondering whether any further evidence of life is just some Terran bug making a go of it. Not likely, but also not a good thing for biologists to have to worry about.

      --
      When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a skull.
    4. Re:There it is..No, there it is! by uberdave · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That didn't stop us from going to the Moon. It also does't stop us from handling deadly viruses and bacteria in labs all around the world.

      I don't think that there is any other reason to go. "Resources" some say. Resources are cheaper here.
      "Offworld backup of Humanity", say others. Any disaster that would wipe out humanity would wipe out so much of the ecosystem that these people wouldn't be able to return anyways.

      There are two good reasons to go to Mars. The best one is "Because we can". However, adventuring doesn't typically generate a lot of financial support from governments these days. The other reason would be to bring back something that we don't have here, something of scientific interest that we couldn't trust the detection and retrieval of to robotic systems: Martian life.

  3. Methane by Hatta · · Score: 5, Funny

    Great, we discover extraterrestrial life and it smells like farts.

    --
    Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    1. Re:Methane by TheAwfulTruth · · Score: 4, Informative

      Of course everyone knows that Methane has no smell and the Methane in farts has nothing to do with the odor...

      Right?

      --
      Contrary to popular belief, coding is not all free blow-jobs and beer. Those things cost MONEY!
    2. Re:Methane by proteonic · · Score: 2, Informative

      Indeed the parent is correct. Methane doesn't contain any sulfur, and it's the sulfur containing compounds that are responsible for the smell.

    3. Re:Methane by Rei · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I hate to ruin everyone here's potty humor, but methane is odorless. The only reason that you smell natural gas is because they add mercaptan to it (specifically, T-butyl mercaptan). Methyl mercaptan, by the way, is formed in the decay process, while allyl mercaptan is released when onions are cut, and butyl mercaptan is found in skunk spray. Mercaptan compounds have a -SH attached to them.

      --
      We're all familiar with the tragedy of being you.
  4. methane, biological life, etc... by winkydink · · Score: 2, Funny

    not gonna say it... too easy.... not gonna say it

    --

    "I'd rather be a lightning rod than a seismometer." -Ken Kesey

    1. Re:methane, biological life, etc... by El · · Score: 3, Funny

      Must. Resist. Urge. To. Make. Martian. Fart. Jokes!

      --

      "Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney

  5. Or... by SecState · · Score: 5, Informative

    From the article: "The methane could be the result of biological processes. It could also be an "abiotic" geochemical process, however, or the result of volcanic or hydrothermal activity on the red planet." Not to burst your methane bubble or anything.

    1. Re:Or... by mattyrobinson69 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      wouldn't geothermal activity by a good sign for life also? (at the bottom of our ocean, specialised creatures live off geothermal vents)

  6. Indeed by screwballicus · · Score: 4, Funny

    Given recent Photographic Evidence, the presence of chocolate compounds would seem to necessitate biological activity.

  7. Terraforming by Colin+Smith · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You know this eliminates the possibility of terraforming Mars, don't you. We'll have "Save the microbe" campaigns every time a mission is sent there.

    --
    Deleted
    1. Re:Terraforming by 0racle · · Score: 2, Funny

      Maybe its something we can transplant.

      --
      "I use a Mac because I'm just better than you are."
    2. Re:Terraforming by nizo · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Unless this life can kill us first, guess who will be living on mars after we arrive, and who will go extinct first? Read "Red Mars" if you aren't sure what the answer is, or ask the dodo bird.

      But don't worry, we are probably just picking up methane from frozen deposits that are slowly melting or something like that.

    3. Re:Terraforming by MightyMartian · · Score: 5, Interesting
      Before we destroy them, ought we not study them. Important questions beckon if this does pan out. Off the top of my head:

      1. Does this life chemically resemble life on Earth?

      2. If it does, does it use RNA/DNA or something very close to these molecules?

      3. If it does, then is Mars or Earth or possibly some other place in the solar system the point where the initial abiogenesis occured?

      4. If Martian life does not appear to be closely related or at all related, then what possible abiogenesis pathways occured to produce Martian organisms?

      There's a lot to be learned about both worlds from this, so I hope before someone decides to terraform they learn a considerable amount about any potential biotic activity on Mars.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    4. Re:Terraforming by slittle · · Score: 3, Insightful

      AIUI, terraforming would take centuries (alien pyramids notwithstanding), so there's no huge rush, and we're going to have to build airtight structures to start with anyway.

      --
      Opportunity knocks. Karma hunts you down.
    5. Re:Terraforming by SubtleNuance · · Score: 5, Insightful

      yes, because debating the intrinsic value of nature -- and life itself -- is something to be offhandedly dismissed.

      right?

    6. Re:Terraforming by Lovesquid · · Score: 2, Funny

      "He just smiled and gave me a vegan-mite sandwich."

  8. Re:Maybe... by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Funny

    I suspect somebody in the telescope room farted, polluting the spectragraph results. Now a 2 Billion fruitless methane mission will be sent up just because some guy had the Delux Bean-a-Mania burrito.

  9. Just Curious by BigDogCH · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Okay, firstly, I am not a follower of any major religion, and I have not read the bible, so that is the purpose of this question...

    After reading that article, and then reading another article advertised on the same page here I was starting to feel as if i would be surprised if we DIDN'T find evidence of life on mars. Anyway, I was just wondering what remifications such a finding would have on the bible followers. Is there any reference in the bible as to whether life on other planets exists. Almost every scientific discovery is met with religous opposition, so I was wondering if anyone had any opinions from the religous area. Does the bible say anything about life on other planets?

    1. Re:Just Curious by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 5, Funny

      The Bible pertains to humans only...God neglected to mention his other projects to us.

      --
      ____

      ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

    2. Re:Just Curious by 0racle · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Why would it. Depending on what you believe, it was either written by some primitive people or given to people on this planet relating to things on this planet.

      That said, no, finding life on other planets would also not mean there is no God or that the bible is false. The ramifications for reasonable people would be very little, but there are plenty of nutcases, religious people and athiests, that will tell you otherwise.

      --
      "I use a Mac because I'm just better than you are."
    3. Re:Just Curious by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Actually, in all seriousness, here's a quote from the Bible:


      "Now as I looked at the living creatures, I saw a wheel upon the earth beside the living creatures one for each of the four of them. As for the appearance of the wheels and their construction, their appearance was like the gleaming of a chrysolite, and the four had the same likeness being as it were a wheel within a wheel. The four wheels had rims and they had spokes, and their rims were full of eyes round about. And when the living creatures went, the wheels went beside them and when the living creatures went, the wheels went with them, for the living creature was in the wheel".
      - Ezekiel, chapter 1, Versus 15 thru 21.


      Sound like a close encounter to you?
      --
      ____

      ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

    4. Re:Just Curious by Pillowthink · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Funny story. The bible doesn't mention other planets. Unless by 'firmament' [genesis], every planet in existence was meant. The bible takes a very local approach to geography [not mentioning far away civilizations, like norway].

    5. Re:Just Curious by toygeek · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The Bible makes no mention of life on other planets. Instead it is focused on life here on earth and what Gods will is, and what his Kindom is, and who his Seed is.

      As for Religion being opposed to science in many ways, that has been very true. Even Gallileo was imprisoned by the catholic church because he believed that the Earth was not the center of the universe.

      You must realize though that these conflicts were between *religion* and science, not the *Bible* and science.

      The Bible, while not a scientific document (and it does not intend to be one) does hold some VERY accurate, simple scientific truths. While his contemporaries believed the world to be flat (along with science at the time), the prophet Isaiah spoke of "the circle of the earth". Another scripture speaks of the Earth hanging by nothing, which is accurate.

      Does the Bible have any real thoughts on whether or not there COULD be life anywhere else other than Earth? Well, it does speak of spirit creatures that exist in another realm, with God himself being one of these creatures.

      I hope this helps answer your question.

    6. Re:Just Curious by nizo · · Score: 4, Funny
      Does the bible say anything about life on other planets?

      Not yet, but it might after the next major revision. From here:


      The King James Bible has undergone three revisions since its inception in 1611, incorporating more than 100,000 changes.

      I bet they could slip in something about life on Mars during the next revision.

    7. Re:Just Curious by toygeek · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Actually that was a vision by the prophet Ezekiel, it was not a literal physical interaction.

    8. Re:Just Curious by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 2, Funny

      Suuuuuuuuuure it was...

      --
      ____

      ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

    9. Re:Just Curious by toygeek · · Score: 4, Informative

      Look in the context.

      Ezekiel 1:1

      1 Now it came about in the thirtieth year, in the fourth [month], on the fifth [day] of the month, while I was in the midst of the exiled people by the river Chebar, that the heavens were opened and I began to see visions of God.

      Then it proceeds to describe the vision.

    10. Re:Just Curious by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Um...has it occurred to you that Ezikiel, seeing such a fantastic sight, might have assumed it was a vision from God? For that matter, are you absolutely certain your translation is accurate, that he meant 'vision' as 'hallucination', rather than 'something seen'?

      --
      ____

      ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

    11. Re:Just Curious by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 5, Insightful
      The Bible, while not a scientific document (and it does not intend to be one) does hold some VERY accurate, simple scientific truths. While his contemporaries believed the world to be flat (along with science at the time), the prophet Isaiah spoke of "the circle of the earth". Another scripture speaks of the Earth hanging by nothing, which is accurate.
      Don't confuse one correct statement out of thousands of proclamations with the scientific process.

      Galileo learned what he did through study and could prove it. Isaiah speaking of the "circle of the earth" and scripture saying the earth hangs by nothing hold no more "simple scientific truth" than a missive from Nostradamus.

      The ideas presented are not science. No matter how you look at it, we cannot assume that scientific process was used to come to those conclusions--they're statements without the all important thing called proof. Faith is not proof.

      Besides, we all know it's turtles all the way down.
    12. Re:Just Curious by erroneus · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It's true.... religion gave up the face that the earth is not the center of the universe... that the sun doesn't revolve around the earth... that the moon doesn't... oh yeah it does... anyway you know what I'm saying.

      religion, if it hopes to survive will adapt or die of denial... a kind of natural selection for religion.

    13. Re:Just Curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The Bible, while not a scientific document (and it does not intend to be one) does hold some VERY accurate, simple scientific truths.

      Such as the value of pi?

      Every time science and the level of science education in the general public reaches a point at which there is an abundantly obvious conflict between the Bible and the real world, religious people back down and tell everybody that it was only meant as a metaphor anyway. Neglecting to explain why they have been teaching such "metaphors" as fact for centuries.

      How long before the Bible in its entirety is regarded as a bunch of fables with no basis in reality? I give it another hundred years or so.

      Back during ancient Greek times, I'm sure they had similar arguments between people who believed in Zeus and people who had other explanations for lightning bolts coming from the sky.

    14. Re:Just Curious by RichardX · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You're asking questions about accuracy of details in the Bible. A document which asserts the earth is flat, at the centre of the universe, and rests on pillars, that the mustard seed is the smallest seed, that hares and coneys chew the cud, that giants and unicorns are real, that bats are birds, that stars are small objects which can fall fromt the sky and be stamped upon, that.. well.. you get the idea. And that's just the tip of the iceberg.

      --
      Curiosity was framed. Ignorance killed the cat.
    15. Re:Just Curious by PopNCrunch · · Score: 2, Informative

      What's significant about this is not that it might signify life - but that it is a clock that tells us how old Mars is. The scientists are suprised to find methane here because it leaches off so quickly, so if Mars is ~4 billion years old like earth supposedly is, all the methane should be long gone. Either Mars has a source to replenish methane, biological or geochemical, or Mars has had methane added to it recently (meteors or such), or Mars is much younger than folks think, and what we are seeing is the remnants of a rapidly diminishin original quantity of methane.

    16. Re:Just Curious by Duhavid · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Ah, yes; the old "it's arrogant to think we're the only ones" argument. I personally feel the opposite is true; the fact that people continue to claim that there must be life on other planets in the complete absence of any evidence of any kind is the height of arrogance. "We're so smart, we have deduced this truth from pure reason."


      Wasnt *quite* what I was trying to get across. My thinking, not well gotten across, what that it would be arrogant for us to think that God might not very well have created other races in this vast universe. Or not. Up to Him.

      Now from a biblical standpoint, humans are the pinnacle of creation and the universe was created to give us some inkling of God's glory and eternal nature. It's not arrogant if it's true.


      Pinnacle of creation? Where is that claim made? I agree that the universe is there to give us a view of God's glory and ability to create and his eternal nature. And I agree, it is not arrogant if true. But, refering back to the top, I dont know of anywhere in the bible where it is said that we are the only life/intelligent life in the universe, or that we are the pinnacle of life. The bible, from my reading, is silent on this subject.
      --
      emt 377 emt 4
    17. Re:Just Curious by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 2, Insightful

      My point is that we have no way of knowing whether Ezekiel saw a 'vision', either with the aid of strenuous prayer, psychotropic drugs, or congenital predisposition, or if he in fact saw something that was really there.

      Ezekiel could have seen a real event and reported it as such, or could have seen a real event and reported it as a vision, or could have seen a vision and reported it as a real event, or could have seen a vision and reported it as such. After a few millienia and several translations, it's difficult to say.

      --
      ____

      ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

    18. Re:Just Curious by Frostalicious · · Score: 4, Funny

      The four wheels had rims and they had spokes, and their rims were full of eyes round about....

      Sound like a close encounter to you?


      Sounds like Pimp My Chariot, Ezekiel style...

    19. Re:Just Curious by Nopal · · Score: 2, Informative
      Well, AFAIK the Bible is silent on the matter of extraterrestial life, but some people believe that the words uttered by Jesus in John 10:16 referred to other civilizations:

      John 10:16(NIV) :

      "I have other sheep that are not of this sheep pen. I must bring them also. They too will listen to my voice, and there shall be one flock and one shepherd."

      Of course, the more traditional (and likely) interpretation is that Jesus was referring to different peoples within the ancient world.

    20. Re:Just Curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      As to my own upbringing, I was raised as a Christian, and in catechism class we were taught the question and answer:

      Q. What is the chief teaching of the Catholic Church about Jesus Christ?

      A. The chief teaching of the Catholic Church about Jesus Christ is that He is God made man. (A Catechism of Christian Doctrine: Revised Edition of the Baltimore Catechism, No. 2. Paterson, New Jersey: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1941, 15)

      But when I later went to a Catholic university, I could not help reflecting that man was limitary and finite, while God was not, and I asked myself why I believed that Jesus was God.

      If one could point in answer to the scriptures, I found that modern textual studies of the New Testament had raised large question marks as to that book's authenticity. In a course in theology, I read a work by Joachim Jeremias, one of the foremost exegetes of the New Testament in this century, who after a lifetime of study of the original, finally agreed with the German theologian Rudolph Bultmann that "without a doubt it is true to say that the dream of ever writing a biography of Jesus is over" (The Problem of the Historical Jesus, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1972, 12), meaning that even the chronology of the life of Jesus could not be established from the New Testament. So how then, I wondered, with the question of whether or not he was God?

      Indeed, although ordinary Christians seem quite unaware of the revolution that has taken place in New Testament scholarship by Christians over the past thirty years, if we look at the literature, we find such paragraphs as the following, from a textbook by James D.G. Dunn for university students in their third year of New Testament studies. The italics are his: Similarly the thought of Jesus' deity seems to be a relatively late arrival on the first-century stage. Paul does not yet understand the risen Christ as the object of worship: he is the theme of worship, the one for whom praise is given, the one whose risen presence in and through the Spirit constitutes the worshipping community, the one through whom the prayer prays to God (Romans 1.8; 7.25; II Corinthians 1.20; Colossians 3.17) but not the object of worship or prayer. So too his reticence about calling Jesus "God". Even the title "Lord" becomes a way of distinguishing Jesus from God rather than identifying him with # God (Romans 15.6; I Corinthians 8.6; 15.24-28; II Corinthians 1.3; 11.31; Ephesians 1.3, 17; Philippians 2.11; Colossians 1.3). Paul was and remained a monotheist. That reticence in calling Jesus "God" is only really overcome towards the end of the first century with the Pastorals (Titus 2.13) and again with Fourth Gospel (John 1.1, 18; 20.28). (Unity and Diversity in the New Testament: An Inquiry into the Character of Earliest Christianity. London and Philadelphia: SCM Press and Trinity Press International, 1990, 226).

      If the "thought of Jesus" deity"-which I had been taught was the chief teaching of Christianity about Jesus-was "a relatively late arrival on the first-century stage," meaning not taught by Jesus himself, then we might legitimately wonder where it came from. The answer seems to lie in the "Imperial cult" proclaimed throughout the Roman Empire shortly before the era of Jesus, a cult which enjoined the worship of Rome and the emperor. In the words of Hugh Schonfield, a translator of the New Testament, The cult had developed in the reign of Augustus [Ceasar], who for reasons of State policy accepted deification, and authorised the building of temples in which he was worshipped. He was formally decreed Son of God (Divi Filius) by the Senate. . . .

      Gaius Caligula (A.D. 37-41) [also] became obsessed with the notion of his deity, and his sycophantic officials played up to him. . . .

      A later emperor, Domitian (A.D. 81-96), insisted that his governors commence their letters to him, "Our Lord and our God commands." It became the rule, says [the Roman historian] Suetonius, "that no one should sty

    21. Re:Just Curious by Rei · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Sure, that works for modern xians, *most* of whom have accepted heliocentrism. However, it was a huge problem "back in the day". Many christian theologans were stunned by the images returned by Galileo's (and later, others) telescopes of Jupiter's major moons. In the telescope, they could clearly see a minature Copernican system - and, just like predicted on the Copernican model, everything moved at a speed inversely proportional to its orbital distance. It posed major theological problems for them - namely, the notion that God would create so much celestial real estate "in vain". Would God create worlds, many of them far larger than our own, in vain? It was an unthinkable concept to many, and yet, it seemed to contradict the biblical account, in which all that existed was the sun to give us day, the moon to give us light in the night, and the stars and planets to tell seasons by. Here were these worlds never even seen by humans, which served no purpose for us. In the Copernican model, there were huge worlds that existed without function to us. Our world became a small rock that was no longer the center of the universe, and it was deeply problematic. Many simply refused to believe what they could clearly see.

      Interestingly enough, Copernicus had a relatively good relationship with the church, before Galileo. The main difference between the two was that Galileo was more of a whistleblower; Copernicus did his research quietly and presented it in more of a theoretical light.

      --
      We're all familiar with the tragedy of being you.
    22. Re:Just Curious by gnuman99 · · Score: 2, Informative
      Eratosthenes determined circuference of Earth within 2% of true value in ~200BC. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes

      And then over millenium and a half later, Columbus underestimated it by 25% and thought he was in India. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus

      For flat earth, see wikipedia! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_earth.

    23. Re:Just Curious by obender · · Score: 2, Informative
      Galileo learned what he did through study and could prove it.

      Actually Galileo did base some of his argumentation on some episode in the Bible which he claimed fully demonstrated that the earth was round. The church asked him to stop using this as a scientific argument and to base his demonstration on real astronomical observations. Galileo refused and the trial ensued.

      While truth cannot contradict truth the message of the Bible is one of a spiritual nature. The descriptions of the physical world simply reflect the common scientific knowledge of the time when the text was written. On the other hand while our technological knowledge has progressed a lot our human nature is still the same and the spiritual message is still actual.

    24. Re:Just Curious by Raven_Stark · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Currently the Bible says nothing one way or the other. However, once extraterrestrial life is found, confirming verses will be found and prove the Bible is infalible.

      --
      http://www.marxist.com/
    25. Re:Just Curious by gg3po · · Score: 2, Informative
      A document which asserts the earth is flat, at the centre of the universe,

      Catholic dogma. Not biblical.

      and rests on pillars,

      Ever heard of poetry? I guess I'm asking too much of a Slashdotter.

      that the mustard seed is the smallest seed,

      Teachers tend to gear their lessons to the understanding of the pupils. If Jesus were to have named some, as of then, undiscovered seed that were smaller, would this have helped in any way the point he was trying to make about faith, or would his botany lesson just get in the way?

      that hares and coneys chew the cud,

      Haven't seen that one. I do recognize that the Bible contains errors, though. I just think we should focus on the real ones, and not try to pretend the author is an idiot for using accepted poetic techniques.

      that giants

      I've got to admit, you've got me on this one. Giants could never really exist.

      and unicorns are real,

      "Unicorn" was used by the King James and other translators for the original Hebrew word "reh-ame", which means a wild bull.

      that bats are birds,

      Our modern concept of families, classes, orders, species, etc. Are lines that we have drawn that are most convenient for a scientifically dominated culture. Besides, there are many translation errors in all versions of the Bible. I don't have a greek interlinear (or Hebrew if this is from the OT) on me, but maybe the original word just meant "flying thing", which would be correct -- bats do fly. I would suspect this argument falls apart for the non-anglo readers that use other translations.

      that stars are small objects which can fall fromt the sky and be stamped upon,

      Again, this is obvious poetry. According to your logic, a poet that says something like "Love is a rose" is a complete moron, but you are the smart one, because you know that love really isn't a rose.

      --
      ---
  10. This has been found on other planets too by The_Rippa · · Score: 5, Funny

    Scientists recently found large amounts of methane gas around Uranus.

    1. Re:This has been found on other planets too by ronfar623 · · Score: 2, Funny

      FRY: This is a great, as long as you don't make me smell Uranus. Heh heh.

      LEELA: I don't get it.

      PROFESSOR FARNSWORTH: I'm sorry, Fry, but astronomers renamed Uranus in 2620 to end that stupid joke once and for all.

      FRY: Oh. What's it called now?

      PROFESSOR FARNSWORTH: Urectum.

  11. Provocative Pictures from MOC by Derling+Whirvish · · Score: 4, Interesting

    There are some rather strange images from the Mars Orbiter Camera that don't appear to show geologic activity at first glance and do resemble bacteria beds or something organic. We need to go investigate!

    1. Re:Provocative Pictures from MOC by Derling+Whirvish · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Even more such pictures are at this site dedicated to pointing them out. Wow. Just wow.

    2. Re:Provocative Pictures from MOC by rk · · Score: 2, Informative

      The first image on this site is actually a dune field just starting to emerge from sublimating carbon dioxide as the southern Mars hemisphere emerges from winter (Ls ~= 187 degrees). No way is there liquid water on Mars at 60 south latitude in the early spring, especially at pressures of .01 atmosphere.

      I didn't look at everything he had, but after a couple samples, it was hard to take very seriously. Yeah, it's "wow" but not "it's alive wow".

    3. Re:Provocative Pictures from MOC by rk · · Score: 2, Informative

      Okay, first recognize that I'm not an expert at interpreting these images. Like most folks on /., I'm just a regular bit-basher who happens to be lucky enough to bash bits for people who study Mars. Doing that for three and a half years one can't help but learn a few things, but I am far from an authority. So, there's my caveat.

      First, here's the main page for this image. The picture was taken mid-spring. Solar Longitude, or Ls tells us this. 0 degrees corresponds with vernal equinox (spring) in the northen hemisphere, and then each season is 90 degrees in length. This image is from the southern hemisphere (82 degrees south). It's also not terrbly well lit, as the incidence angle is 79 degrees. My semi-educated guess is we're looking at years of CO2 deposits trapping dust, sublimating, and then releasing dust in layers. In the north, dust has been blown across exposed rock to the north as the CO2 turns to gas and pushes north.

      The Martian polar regions behave very differently than do the polar regions of Earth, since much of the polar caps are CO2. It goes right from solid to gas, so there is no flow, and impurities drop right where they were trapped, and don't move except for aeolian processes. We continue to study these polar processes in-depth as we have targetting campaigns to image the entire polar region during the spring and summer to observe these phenomena. The amount of change the poles go through every year is nothing short of amazing.

      Also, do yourself a favor and always look at lossless images. JPEGs are really only useful for gross classification or mnemonics to find what you're looking for. Especially if you zoom in, the artifacting process in JPEG compression makes things appear that aren't there.

      And yes, I do agree that the whole planet needs further exploration. Mars is an amazing place, and even if there is no biological life on it, it's still a living planet that is so amazingly similar to the Earth, and yet so alien, we will learn much about the universe and ourselves with continued study.

  12. Activity by baadger · · Score: 3, Funny

    And after further investigation several single celled life forms were recovered from the martian surface. Initial test results suggest the average martian microbe is TEN TIMES more biologically active than their earthling slashdotting counter parts.

  13. Fossils? by JTWYO · · Score: 3, Interesting

    One thing I haven't seen discussed but would like to, is to what stage could life have evolved in the period that it was particularly ripe for life? In that time frame, could there have been significant multicellular life? Significant enough to leave interesting fossils? It has been a lifelong dream of mine to go fossil hunting in an old river or lakebed on Mars. I'm young, so I might still realize it (even though highly, highly unlikely), unless the period of wetness on mars didn't last long enough to have any hope for such things. I'd settle for piloting a probe equipped with a little pick and brush. Fingers crossed.

    1. Re:Fossils? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It is possible, but not particularly likely, if the Earth is any indication. The first ~4 billion of the Earth's ~4.5 billion year history is not very fossiliferous (the Precambrian), and multicellular fossils consist of microscopic algal filaments and a few other oddities. Only towards the very end (.6 billion years ago or so) do multicellular animal fossils show up, and those fossils are initially pretty rare and occur only in areas of special preservation (though the trace fossils -- tracks and such -- are more common, and would be just as significant if found).

      The one exception is stromatolites, which are usually mound-shaped sedimentary structures built up by sediment sticking to algal-bacterial mat communities. Those could be visible as macrofossils, and, if Earth is any indication, realistically have the potential to exist on Mars during the earlier parts of its history that were wet. However, even on Earth, there are non-biological processes that can produce superficially similar structures, and it often takes microscopic examination to verify their identification.

      So, the chances are not zero for an astropaleontologist, and, from what I've read, some of the first priorities (if probes could be landed anywhere) are in in places where microbial communities are likely to occur (hot springs and other geothermal areas), perhaps in the form of visible fossils like stromatolites. Something more elaborate, like animal fossils? Not likely, unless animal life evolved much earlier on Mars than on Earth, or suitable conditions persisted almost as long, in a geological sense, as they did on Earth.

      I'm with you, though -- it would be fantastic to hunt, remotely or in person. In some ways, the Opportunity and Spirit are already doing that.

  14. Why isn't the data coming from more close up? by DumbSwede · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I understand the one-step-at-time approach NASA is pursuing with regard to the search for life on Mars, but it strikes me a little odd that the methane concentrations on Mars are being measured by telescopes based here on Earth. Why haven't current orbiters been equipped to sense this in a more direct fashion. I would think exact precise chemical composition of the air would be a high priority. In fact, how sensitive would the Viking data have been on showing possible methane concentrations in the atmosphere? My recommendation to NASA: more emphasis on chemical analysis in future missions. Yeah, I know the Rocket Scientists are probably already thinking this. Hopefully this new data will get the proper equipment funded for the next Mars shots. And yes I know everything is a trade off and we do chemical analysis as part of every mission to some degree. But damn, we have to use scopes here on Earth to get this data?!?

  15. Dang... by JasonMaggini · · Score: 2, Funny

    I knew I should have kept those Slim Whitman CDs my grandmother left me.

  16. wouldnt a 'half life' be a better definition by avandesande · · Score: 2, Insightful

    What is that 300 year figure from? Wouldn't the use of 'half-life' be more appropriate?

    --
    love is just extroverted narcissism
    1. Re:wouldnt a 'half life' be a better definition by JabberWokky · · Score: 2, Informative
      Not when you know the sensitivity of your measuring instruments. Plus a half life assumes a particular slope which why it generally refers to radioactive decay of unstable isotopes.

      --
      Evan "This is a simple explaination - no need to pick nits"

      --
      "$30 for the One True Ring. $10 each additional ring!" -- JRR "Bob" Tolkien
  17. Methane in the equatorial zone? by Anonymous+Custard · · Score: 2, Funny

    Every one of these longitudes shows a very substantial enhancement in the equatorial zone...So this is a very intense source of methane on Mars in this region.

    I believe I may have the solution! If you'll kindly lower your nose to my personal equatorial zone, and pull my finger gently, I'll show you what I mean...

  18. Half Life??? by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 4, Funny

    Great...now we have to design the probes to withstand headcrab attacks.

    --
    ____

    ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

  19. Soy-forming by PromANJ · · Score: 2, Funny

    We also have "Save the rainforest" campaigns. The rainforest is full off unknown species but that doesn't stop the vegetarians from turning it into a giant soy plantage (It's Troll Tuesday right?).

  20. Re:To stupid scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Thanks for sharing, Mr. President.

  21. Thar be Dragons on Mars! by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 2, Insightful

    An tha beasties live in active volcanoes!

    Tis like I were tellin ya, bout them strange underwater dragons wot lived beneath the waves in Davy Jones locker, feastin on the heat of the volcanoes that go down straight ta Hades ...

    .

    .

    Seriously, just because life exists in biological and temperature extremes, as was recently discovered by researchers here at the University of Washington - Huskies represent! - doesn't necessarily mean that there has yet been proven to be life on Mars. That requires something to validate the hypothesis, like a mars rover, or a manned space flight, or some other validation. We only have emissions and temperature readings, which could be caused by other things, given our lack of data to date.

    But kudos if it is life!

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  22. Life was predicted years ago by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Quoting the author of "Creater and the Cosmos" (book). Sorry I don't have the name, I memorized this but forgot the guy's name. The book is not in front of me.
    I predict that someday life will be found on Mars. This has nothing to do with the origins of life. It has everything to do with Mars' proximity to Earth.

    He went on to describe how bacteria are routinely found in the upper reaches of the atmosphere, and how meteorite impacts are almost certain to propel them into space. Furthermore, he described how many species of bacteria form spores, and that these spores were known to tolerate high temperatures, low temperatures, radiation (!), and exposure to a vacuum for an extended period of time.

    In essence, bacteria can make the trip to Mars. The only question is whether or not Earth bacteria can survive there.
  23. ESA probe by jd · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The ESA "mothership" that deposited Beagle 2 all over the Martian landscape has a spectrometer and it has been observing methane releases for some time. The ESA has been unsure, though, whether it was due to life or geological activity. Trust NASA to go with the more exciting option, with no more data to go on.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  24. let me be the first to say by uberjoe · · Score: 2, Funny

    I for one welcome our biologically active martian overlords.

    --

    The days of the digital watch are numbered.

  25. Wrong, by isotope23 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Martians will have to get used to saying:

    "I for one welcome our new Terra-ist overlords!"

    1. Build Mars colonial Mission
    2. Begin Terra-izing Mars.
    3. ????? (Encase resident Martian lifeforms in epoxy souvenir blocks)
    4. PROFIT!

    Woo hoo I found step three!

    --
    Service guarantees Citizenship! Questions Guarantee GITMO.... Amerika Uber Alles!
  26. Bible XP by payndz · · Score: 4, Funny

    Can't wait for the next update! Hope it fixes all those contradictio... er, bugs.

    --
    You must think in Russian.
  27. Overload! by KipCas · · Score: 2, Funny

    So....many....fart jokes....must...resist urge...to ...So after all the hype, 1st contact ends up being an alien saying "Come on, pull my finger." .....couldn't....stop...bad....joke....brain....ca n't ...process.......all....too...many....

    --
    Turk: Let's play Steak. J.D.: What? Turk: Steak. The 1st person to finish their steak is the winner of Steak. -Scrubs
  28. First draft of "Frankenstein" by timothy · · Score: 2, Funny

    SCENE: Rooftop. Lightning flashes occasionally. Thunder rumbles.

    DR. FRANKENSTEIN stands over the lifeless form of THE MONSTER. THE MONSTER is strapped to a gurney, with electrical apparatus attached to various points on his body.

    [Lightning Crashes]

    Medium shot: DR. FRANKENSTEIN looks skyward, raises hands, imploring.

    DR. FRANKENSTEIN: "Give ... my creature ... *biological activity!*"

    timothy

    --
    jrnl: http://tinyurl.com/c2l8yr / foes: http://tinyurl.com/ckjno5
  29. all the proof of life I need by iowa119900089 · · Score: 3, Funny

    http://english.pravda.ru/science/19/94/377/12257_M artian.html According to this highly respectable news page, a Russian boy is a martian and he can tell you all about life there. Case closed. No need to spend more money going there.

  30. Very rapid decay? by Phiil · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What exactly is it that they are implying with this quote about decay - "It also requires a very rapid decay of methane... more rapid than photochemistry would allow". As I understood it, the presence of methane was indicative of life, because you'd expect any atmospheric methan to photodissociate withina few hundred years of it - therefore there should be very little of it. They mention this abnormally rapid decay is required, but it doesn't seem at all clear why? Can anyone shed some light on this? I'm very disappointed in /. today... If I could have I'd have moderated about 90% of this whole discussion offtopic... :/

  31. Vision of God by Corpus_Callosum · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Ezekiel 1:1

    1 Now it came about in the thirtieth year, in the fourth [month], on the fifth [day] of the month, while I was in the midst of the exiled people by the river Chebar, that the heavens were opened and I began to see visions of God.

    "Now as I looked at the living creatures, I saw a wheel upon the earth beside the living creatures one for each of the four of them. As for the appearance of the wheels and their construction, their appearance was like the gleaming of a chrysolite, and the four had the same likeness being as it were a wheel within a wheel. The four wheels had rims and they had spokes, and their rims were full of eyes round about. And when the living creatures went, the wheels went beside them and when the living creatures went, the wheels went with them, for the living creature was in the wheel".

    - Ezekiel, chapter 1, Versus 15 thru 21.
    It could be that I am just dense when it comes to interpretations of scripture, but the phrase "...by the river Chebar, that the heavens were opened and I began to see visions of God." reads to me like a dude was by a river, the clouds were disturbed and he saw something that could only be understood as the work of god.

    I really don't think that he meant that he was standing by the river, the clouds opened up, then he passed out and channeled with god who made him halucinate or dream something completely irrelevant but that just so happened to perfectly describe what he would have seen if he had seen flying saucers with portholes carrying lifeforms from the sky, disturbing the clouds as they came down. Since he neglected to mention that he passed out and hallucinated or dreamed, I think we can assume that he was describing what he saw and "vision of god" is a literal translation.
    --
    The reason that it can be true that 1+1 > 2 is that very peculiar nonzero value of the + operator
  32. There is more than just Methane by iamghetto · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Dr. Vittorio Formisano is/was the principle investigator of the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer used by European Space Agencies Mars Express probe.

    From reading the spectrometer, he believed it was evident that methane, ammonia, and formaldehyde can all be found in the martain atmosphere. Where as methane will last a few hundred years in the atmosphere, formaldehyde will only -eight- hours.

    I'm not a scientist, but from what I've read, all 3 gases are strong indicators of life. While I know that the methane could be produced by volcanic activity on Mars (as mentioned elsewhere in the thread), Mars is a geologically dead planet. There is no sign of any such activity.

    The presence of all 3 gases on a geologically dead planet would seem to be consistent with planet having some microbial life. As Mars entered its Spring, the levels of all 3 gases were found to rise as well. Of course, more life, more gas in the atmosphere.

    It was also noted that the gas levels rose sharply over Mars' frozen oceans as spring approached. Perhaps some simples forms of life were frozen in the oceans? It could also be that the frozen oceans sit over some geological vents, trapping some methane.

    But again, as far as anyone knows Mars is still a geologically dead planet.

    Sorry if this doesn't make much sense... but gas indicating life in the martian atmosphere is OLD news, and there are far more compelling gases (like formaldehyde) that exist in the atmosphere. If it only lasts for 8 hours, something there is reproducing it.

    Apparently, the only way to know definitively what is producing it, is to go dig up the soil. So... good luck on that ever happening. Apparently we have to build a base on the moon first. :)

  33. Not too difficult to say, actually by Corpus_Callosum · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Considering the fact that he used the word "living creatures" instead of people and he clearly described vehicles and they clearly resemble flying saucers with portholes, we can safely say that if he was having a hallucination or dream, he was having one about flying saucers with non-human pilots.

    Since this occurred thousands of years ago and nothing in this dude's life could have possibly seeded his imagination in such a way as to make him hallucinate about advanced technology and non-human pilots, we can also safely say that if he did dream or hallucinate this vision then either he had seen or heard about something like this before or he was seeing the future through prescience or divine inspiration.

    Taking this a bit further, if we assume that flying saucers (let's just call them UFOs) and non-human intelligences are works of 20th century science fiction, then we are ready to draw conclusions about this dude.

    Either
    (A) Ezekiel was, through prescience or divine inspiration, having dreams, hallucinations (visions) of phenomena that does not exist, that exactly matches the UFO phenomena from 20th century science fiction and ascribing this as god

    or

    (B) Ezekiel was having dreams, hallucinations (visions) of some phenomena that was known at the time that, through pure coincidence, exactly matches the UFO phenomena from 20th century science fiction and ascribing this as god.

    or, if we assume that UFOs are real (not just science fiction)

    (C) Ezekiel was truly seeing (or having dreams or hallucinations based on his or other's experiences), real UFOs and non-human pilots and he believed them to be of god.

    or, lastly,

    (D) Ezekiel really did have a dream or hallucination of god and it is just coincidence that his view of god matches our modern view of UFOs and aliens. Which scenario makes more sense? Use Occom's razor.

    --
    The reason that it can be true that 1+1 > 2 is that very peculiar nonzero value of the + operator
    1. Re:Not too difficult to say, actually by Mant · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think the one that makes most sense is that some people now interpret the description as resulting in something like what they believe alien ships (as opposed to 'UFOs' which are often quite mundane) would look like.

      You could interpret the description into something like you believe a flying saucer to be, but it isn't the only interpretation, or the only way people think alien space ships are. Claiming this description is 'exactly' like that of a UFO seems a massive reach to me.

      So you can add

      or

      (E) Ezekiel saw something and wrote a confusing description of it, that modern people with the concept of a stereotypical flying saucer interpret as being that, but that interpretation may well be wrong.

      If I was using Occam's razor, I know where it would lead me.

  34. Cows by luna69 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A Mars researcher currently working with data from the Opportunity rover told me a couple weeks ago that he and some colleagues calculated what it would take to produce the levels of methane observed on Mars.

    Their results? Three cows. Seriously.

    I have no idea how accurate those calculations were, but he's a smart guy with more degrees than I have.

    --
    No gods, no demons, and no masters. Secular Humanism!
    1. Re:Cows by Curl+E · · Score: 3, Funny
      Their results? Three cows. Seriously.

      Actual cows or ideal spherical cows?

      --
      Backups are for wimps. Real men post their data in comments and have slashdot mirror it
  35. Oil and natural gas on Mars by Video_Wizard · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Oil and natural gas on Mars

    John F. McGowan III, "Oil and natural gas on Mars," in Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology III, Richard B. Hoover, Editor, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4137, pp. 63-74 (2000).

    Oil and Natural Gas on Mars

    ABSTRACT

    On Earth, according to conventional theory, the largest, by mass and volume, identifiable trace of past life is subsurface oil and natural gas deposits. Nearly all coal and oil on Earth and most sedimentary source rocks associated with coal, oil, and natural gas contain molecules of biological origin and is proof of past life. If Mars possessed an Earth-like biosphere in the past, Mars may contain subsurface deposits of oil and natural gas indicating past life. Life might still exist in these deposits. Subsurface oil and natural gas on Mars would probably cause seepage of hydrocarbon gases such as methane at favorable locations on the Martian surface. Further, if Mars contains substantial subsurface life, the most detectable signature of this life on the Martian surface would be gases generated by the life percolating up to the surface and venting into the Martian atmosphere. In this paper, systems that can detect evidence of subsurface oil and gas, including ground penetrating radar and infrared gas sensors are explored. The limitations and future prospects of infrared gas detection and imaging technologies are explored. The power, mass, and volume requirements for infrared instruments able to detect venting gases, especially methane, from an aerobot is estimated. The maximum range from the infrared sensor to the gas vent and the minimum detectable gas density or fraction of the Martian atmosphere - as appropriate for the instrument type - is estimated. The bit rate and bit error rate requirements for transmitting the data back to Earth are also estimated.

  36. Biblical pi by mktvr · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Such as the value of pi?
    Sure. 1 Kings 7 (usually described as the "pi is exactly 3" text) describes a ring (the rim of a tub) with:
    • a thickness of a handbreadth (v. 26)
    • diameter from edge to edge of ten cubits (v. 23)
    • inner circumference of 30 cubits (v. 23)

    Got that? Ok.

    The inner-edge diameter is circumference/pi = 30/3.14... = 9.55... cubits

    The difference between the ring's inner edge diameter and its outer edge diameter is thus about .45 cubits; to get the thickness of the ring we divide by two (because the ring crosses the diameter twice), so .225 cubits, or about 4.05 inches, given an eighteen-inch cubit.

    Note that a handbreadth is usually defined as about four inches, so we know the numbers add up; you can take it apart and get pi from it by working backwards:

    The inner-edge diameter is equal to the outer-edge diameter minus (thickness * 2), thus 10cubits - .45 cubits(i.e., 2 handbreadths) = 9.55 cubits.

    Their value of pi would be the inner-edge circumference (30 cubits) divided by the inner-edge diameter (9.55 cubits), thus about 3.14....

    [The reading "pi is exactly three" is based on the weird idea of measuring the tub as a circle rather than a ring.] [and of course your mileage will vary based on the proportion of the cubit you use to your handbreadth, but let's gloss over that for now...]

    --
    People with pure hearts can go to a whole new world.
  37. Re:Infinite God Theory by ifwm · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "God doesn't just go far out; He goes far in"

    That's what Mary said too.

    By the way, your belief system is a fairy tale based on a book of lies.

    Have a nice day.