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Tumor Suppression Gene Discovered

An anonymous reader writes ScieceDaily is reporting that researchers at Ohio State University may have identified a new and unusual tumor suppression gene that could effect cancers of the lung, head, and neck. From the article: "The gene, known as TCF21, is silenced in tumor cells through a chemical change known as DNA methylation, a process that is potentially reversible. The findings might therefore lead to new strategies for the treatment and early detection of lung cancer, a disease that killed an estimated 163,510 Americans in 2005. The study could also lead to a better understanding of the molecular changes that occur in tumor cells during lung-cancer progression."

129 comments

  1. Grammar Nazi Alert by Da+Stylin'+Rastan · · Score: 4, Funny
    that could effect cancers of the lung, head, and neck.

    it'd be even better if it could affect them too.

    1. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      > researchers at Ohio State University may have identified a new and unusual tumor suppression gene that could [b]effect[/b] cancers of the lung, head, and neck.

      A perfect example of a careless grammatical mistake that completely reverses the meaning of a sentence. To the original submitter, do we really want to call a gene that causes cancers a "tumor suppression gene"? Because that's the meaning of what was written, even if it wasn't the intended meaning.

      I wouldn't call Da Stylin' Rastan's comment a "grammar nazi" response either. You can have bad grammar that's just clumsy but still carries the same meaing. Instead it's a "good god people take a little care with what you're writing" nazi post.

      JT - Sick of product manuals that use the same careless language, often making them useless.

    2. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Apparently there may also be a "Proofreading Suppression Gene"... ScieceDaily too???

    3. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by bronney · · Score: 1

      It's the first time I actually join the war between "affect" and "effect". It never stops amazing me on how people can mess this up. Is it because they sound the same or look the same or what? Anyone know why people mix these up please?

    4. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by Goaway · · Score: 1

      But spelling and grammar mistakes is what makes Slashdot look "Real"!

    5. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by bheer · · Score: 1

      > Anyone know why people mix these up please?

      Me, I blame the phonics fad (That's some kind of teaching fad where they teach little kids to read and spell based on _sound_ on the assumption that their delicate little brains can't grasp real spelling.)

    6. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by grandgator · · Score: 1

      That's what they're called. "Tumor Suppression Genes" They're called "Tumor Suppression Genes" because that's their job - to suppress the development of tumors. The problem arises when they become mutated in some way and are no longer able to perform this function.

      All the "big" genes involved in cancer are either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, which have exactly the reverse effect. An oncogene, in it's normal state, is not very active. When they become mutated, they get VERY active, and actually lead to the production of tumorgenic cells. It's a "gain of function" mutation in this case, versus the "loss of function" mutation in the case of tumor suppression genes.

    7. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by orgelspieler · · Score: 1
      They're called "Tumor Suppression Genes" because that's their job - to suppress the development of tumors.

      That was GP's point. The genes mentioned in the article supress tumors, but the article summary said they effect tumors. "Effect" is rarely used as a verb (in American English anyway), but when it is, it means to cause or to bring into being. When used as a noun it normally means a result.

    8. Re:Grammar Nazi Alert by TaliesinWI · · Score: 1

      I actually believe it's some weird subconscious thing that people don't want to overuse one of a pair of homonyms or similar sounding words. Think about it, most of the time one can write either affect/effect as a verb one means "affect", because one usually means the "to influence" sense. But it's like this little tiny voice in peoples' brains that tell them they used "affect" way too often this month and "effect" not nearly enough, and they're both (transitive) verbs, right? So they randomly use "effect" and most people, also not knowing the difference, don't call them on it.

  2. Effect by HermanAB · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Gee, why would anyone want to effect cancer? I would think there are enough carcinogens out there to effect cancer already.

    --
    Oh well, what the hell...
    1. Re:Effect by podwich · · Score: 0

      I think the parent should be modded "funny", not necessarily "insightful". It's a play on effect vs. affect-which the summary screwed up.

    2. Re:Effect by Oldtinker · · Score: 1

      I would RECOMMEND a dictionary.

  3. Fix Lung Cancer? by killeena · · Score: 5, Funny

    No reason to stop smoking now. Everyone light up!

    --
    Freedom would be not to choose between black and white but to abjure such prescribed choices. -Theodor Adorno
    1. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by Voltageaav · · Score: 4, Informative

      According to the article, the gene only slows things down. In tests, tumor cells with the gene preasant are smaller, but they're still there. While it's very exciting and will undoubtably lead to new treatments, it's not a cure yet.

      --
      Someone save me from this sanity.
    2. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by macklin01 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Actually, a good percentage of lung cancers aren't caused by smoking. I don't recall the percentage, but it's significant. It's unfortunate that those suffering through lung cancer have the stigma that "they deserve it," as that's not true in all the cases, and nobody deserves to suffer though cancer. -- Paul

      --
      OpenSource.MathCancer.org: open source comp bio
    3. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by sco08y · · Score: 2, Funny

      No reason to stop smoking now. Everyone light up!

      It's a celebration, bitches!

    4. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by bronney · · Score: 1

      I'll just smoke smaller cigarette, DUH!

    5. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by Forbman · · Score: 1

      Screw the lung cancer. COPD (aka emphysema) has got to suck. Not everyone with cirrhosis or HepC is an alchy or sex whore, either.

    6. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by salec · · Score: 1

      IANA biochemistrist, but this "methylation" process (I suppose it is replacing an H atom with CH3 group somewhere on an organic molecule, DNA in this case) sounds like something that may be caused by some reactive component of (perhaps especially tobacco) smoke.

    7. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by ponos · · Score: 2, Informative
      Actually, a good percentage of lung cancers aren't caused by smoking. I don't recall the percentage, but it's significant.
      I have to disagree. Most studies estimate that ~90% of lung cancer patients are smokers. Furthermore, the incidence of cancer in smokers is also increased for other tumor types like oral cancer, laryngeal cancer (this one is practically an exclusive disease of smokers!) and bladder cancer. As a rough estimate, in our research database we have 71 lung cancer patients, 68 of which were smokers.

      I could also argue about the prognosis of smokers vs non-smokers, since not all cancers are the same. Stage IIIB, high grade is not the same as stage IIA, low grade, for example. However, this is a more delicate issue and it doesn't really matter that much. As a rule of thumb I'd say (this my estimate, of course) that if someone manages to reach 50-60 pack years (e.g. 30 years * 2 packs per day) and NOT get cancer he is extremely lucky (although he might have died from myocardial infarct or something else before getting cancer).

      P.

    8. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by killeena · · Score: 1

      My great aunt died because of emphysema. It is really a horrible thing to suffer with. Unfortunately, seeing the effects of that didn't deter me from smoking. It was actually only until it was hitting my wallet a bit too much that I decided to quit.

      Ah well, whatever works I guess.

      --
      Freedom would be not to choose between black and white but to abjure such prescribed choices. -Theodor Adorno
    9. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by mgv · · Score: 1

      Actually, a good percentage of lung cancers aren't caused by smoking. I don't recall the percentage, but it's significant.

      Its about 10% from memory, but that would also depend on the population prevalance of smoking also - If you sampled from a community where nobody smoked, 100% of the cancers would be caused by something other than smoking.

      Its also a different kind of cancer typically (not a squamous cell one, more likely an adenocarcinoma IIRC) - in other words, it comes from a different cellular part of the lung than the squamous cells that are affected by smoking.

      Michael (Happy to be corrected if anyone knows better - this is just from memory)

      --
      There is no cryptographic solution to the problem where the intended receiver and the attacker are the same entity.
    10. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by EvilTwinSkippy · · Score: 1
      According to the article, the gene only slows things down.

      Considering that the major problem with cancer is that it rapily multiplies and spreads, I dare say that slowing it down is virtually a cure by itself. To take a rapidly metatisizing tumor and cut it down from ITS GOING TO KILL YOU to, well, you have a nasty lump is big.

      Especially if it can be used in place, or to lessen the duration, of radiation or chemotherapy for follow up care. My brother had a tumor in his neck removed 6 months ago. He is undergoing radiation to clear out any cancer that might have spread. The man is in misery. He can't taste anything anymore, everything smells funny, and he looks like half his face has been stuck under a sun lamp.

      --
      "Learning is not compulsory... neither is survival."
      --Dr.W.Edwards Deming
    11. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by radtea · · Score: 2, Informative


      Several others have already pointed out that roughly 90% of lung cancers are known to be caused by smoking. It is true that 10% are not, just as 50% car accidents are not caused by drunk driving. But that doesn't make drunk driving ok, sensible or sane.

      Back in the day when I worked in radiotherapy physics I came to a simple conclusion: if you took all the money being spent on the kind of research I was doing and put it into an modestly effective anti-smoking campaign, you would extend more lives much longer. This was based on the rates of lung and other cancers that were known at the time to be caused by smoking.

      For greater context: a single treatment that eliminated 90% of cases of a major cancer with negligable side-effects would be considered a medical break-through of staggering proportions. Most headline-making genetic causes affect a few percent of a specific type of cancer. Even the major tumour-suppressor genes found so far only get into the 10-50% range.

      Nothing in the current pipeline of medical miracles comes close to the effect of stopping smoking on lung cancer. And that's ignoring all the other health effects of smoking, from pulmonary emphasema to oral and other cancers.

      Smokers do not "deserve" to get cancer. But they are addicted to a substance that is known to cause cancer, and which will almost certainly damage their health and shorten their lives. If it were possible to elimiate that substance it would be equivalent to a huge medical breakthrough. It is not possible to eliminate tabbacco, but it is certainly possible to call it what it is: a deadly, addictive drug being sold to often-willing victims by evil people.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    12. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by Idarubicin · · Score: 1
      But they are addicted to a substance that is known to cause cancer, and which will almost certainly damage their health and shorten their lives.

      A minor nitpick--the substance to which they are addicted (nicotine) isn't what actually causes the cancer or damages their health.

      Although nicotine is toxic in fairly modest amounts (it's used as a pesticide in some commercial gardening products) most of the harm from tobacco use is actually caused by other inhaled and absorbed ingredients. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like benzo[a]pyrene are potently carcinogenic, as is the radioactive polonium that is often present in cigarettes (it's taken up by the growing plant). Some of these nasties are still present in unburnt tobacco, so you can't avoid it all by going to smokeless stuff.

      If we could get people to be addicted to just nicotine without the deadly tobacco around it, it would help quite a bit.

      --
      ~Idarubicin
    13. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by Drachemorder · · Score: 1

      On top of that, if you have, say, an elderly patient whose life expectancy is limited anyway, simply slowing down the progress of cancer could easily allow him to live out the remainder of his natural life. And it would certainly give him a higher quality of life than radiation or chemo, either of which would be very harsh on an elderly person.

    14. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by brre · · Score: 1
      We have a cure for anthrax. It generally works, caught early enough.

      No reason to stop inhaling those anthrax spores! Enjoy! Ha ha!

      So very funny. Or maybe not.

    15. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      The cancer rate doubled during the industrial revolution. This is probably mostly due specifically to burning coal. Burning coal just for electrical production (~50% of the U.S.'s use) releases over 1,250 metric tons of uranium and 5,000 metric tons of thorium each year in the US alone. (Those figures are somewhat loose ones which applied to the year 2000, and it's 2006 now, and the curve was trending gradually upward along with our power consumption...) Interestingly, or perhaps pathetically, we could get more electrical power by utilizing the radioactive materials put into the atmosphere during this use of coal than we do from burning the coal itself!

      With that said, what I'd really like to see along the smoking stuff is a study that tells us if additive-free tobacco is safer than the adulterated stuff that most people smoke. I can't see any way that it wouldn't be safer (or perhaps it would be better to say "less dangerous" which means the same thing but has different connotations) to smoke tobacco which hasn't had dozens of chemicals added to it, several of which are known carcinogens, yet my can of Natural American Spirit tobacco (U.S. Grown, 100% additive-free) says "No additives in our tobacco does NOT mean safer." I somehow doubt they would put that on their can if they were not required to by someone -- yet, again, I can't see how it wouldn't mean safer. Can we get a fucking study that says it IS safer, so that maybe it can lead to some litigation that might say "thou shalt not add known carcinogens to products which will be consumed by people directly or indirectly"?

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    16. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by spiro_killglance · · Score: 1

      Methylation is more than just the effect of pollutants and free radicals, its a natural part of a cells
      processes. When a cell wants to switch off a gene it attaches a methyl group onto that part of the DNA
      which prevents RNA from transcribing it. So DNA a program alters at runtime by commenting versus lines.
      This is how a cell in your body gets its identity, e.g. for a skin cell, all the genes not needed in a
      skin cell are methylated out. While we know the genetic code for humans and quite a few animals. We don't
      yet know much about epigenetic code which is which genes are methylated for each function.

    17. Re:Fix Lung Cancer? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Isn't that part of the idea of nicotine patches?

  4. good news for me (and you) by onetwentyone · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I smoke quite a bit on a daily basis. Yes, I am well aware of my vice. This comes as pretty stellar news for me. Should, at some point in the future, this develop into a worthwhile treatment for cancers, I welcome it.

    Here's to our new gene discovering overlords; may you use your powers for good and not to create a new race of super intelligent and immortal beings.

    1. Re:good news for me (and you) by mendaliv · · Score: 2, Insightful

      To be honest, I have to disagree that this is stellar news for smokers. Even if you do have an easy cure for lung cancer available, this doesn't mean go ahead and smoke to your heart's content.

      Lung cancer isn't the only reason to stop smoking. It discolors your teeth, makes you stink and disturbs people around you.

    2. Re:good news for me (and you) by Voltageaav · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Don't forget emphysema. I think that's a tad worse than discolored teeth, or the stench that surrounds you.

      --
      Someone save me from this sanity.
    3. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Yeah, it'll be pretty awesome. The lung cancer won't kill you, so you'll be free to fully enjoy the emphysema and heart disease.

    4. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Super-intelligent as in smart enough not to smoke in the first place? I call that average. Or not even so.

    5. Re:good news for me (and you) by TubeSteak · · Score: 1, Informative

      Don't forget health insurance.

      Smoking is a quick way to pay more for your insurance and some companies are now dropping smokers from health plans.

      Smoking also lengthens recovery times after surgery. Any surgeon you'd let slice you up would insist that you stop smoking for a certain period before and after the surgery.

      The only reason smoking isn't going to go away is that States desperately need the tax revenues that cigarette sales bring in. Pretty much the only people who don't get rich off cigarette sales are the tobacco farmers.

      --
      [Fuck Beta]
      o0t!
    6. Re:good news for me (and you) by NoMoreNicksLeft · · Score: 2, Informative

      They may not get rich, but tobacco is about the only crop worth anything at all, most of the time. My grandfather used to raise 3 or 4 acres back in the early 80s, and I remember him saying it was worth 20 or 30 times as much as corn or soy. Even with all the extra work (tobacco gets stripped by hand).

    7. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I wouldn't count on it helping you at all.... by the time it is developed to be used in any usefull mainstream form, you'll most likely have succumbed to lung cancer (assuming ofcourse that you keep smoking). Why don't you just stop? it'll make your life eaiser and certainly those around you will be happier with the new change as well.

    8. Re:good news for me (and you) by ross.w · · Score: 4, Insightful

      A quick survey of my four grandparents, while a small sample, is enlightening.

      Maternal Grandmother
      Sendentary job, never smoked. developed diabetes at age 70, constant blood pressure problems - died age 84 after years of suffering strokes

      Maternal Grandfather
      Athlete and Gallipoli Veteran - Not a smoker to my knowledge. Suffered with high blood pressure and died age 84 due to complications from Parkinson's disease.

      Paternal Grandmother
      Overweight to the point of obesity. Gave up smoking when in her 40s
      Died age 71 from complications resulting from Type 2 diabetes.

      Paternal Grandfather
      Stevedore and tennis coach. Smoked all his adult life until age 78. Always has two schooners (large glass) of beer every evening. Recently celebrated his 90th birthday. Suffers from Emphysema (not yet on oxygen) which will probably eventually kill him.

      From this small sample, it appears that lack of fitness will kill you just as quick if not quicker than smoking.

      So Slashdotters, instead of poking fingers at the smokers, get up, turn off your computer, get out from your Mother's basement and go for a walk. It might save your life.

      (I don't smoke btw)

      --
      If my call is important, why am I talking to a recording?
    9. Re:good news for me (and you) by penthouseplayah · · Score: 1

      1/3 of tobacco deaths are beacuse of cancer, 1/3 because of COLD (chronic obstructive lung dissease, aka emphysema in this thread) and 1/3 from cardiovascular events.

    10. Re:good news for me (and you) by Forbman · · Score: 1

      No, Toebacky farmers are getting rich in the US because the US Govment is buying out their farms, or at least their production of tobacco.
      It's still voluntary at this point, and it's a pretty big carrot that they're dangling out in front of the farmers, even given the return tobacco farmers get normally.

      Unfortunately, the thing that will get livestock farmers in the US out of business will be SLAPP suits by PETA et al. (but we'll still keep importing meat and byproducts from Canada, Mexico, China, India, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, etc...)

    11. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You learn to wipe your ass and take regular showers, and we'll all give up smoking. Deal?

    12. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      dood wasn't even talking about smoking. he was talking about being fat and lazy. what a tool you are.

    13. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because as we all now, small anectodal samples are representative of largestatistical samples. I understand what your trying to get at, but this is a blatant example of appealing to the emotional and intellectual bias of people. There are people who smoke everyday of their life and live longer and healthier than people who exersice daily and eat healthy. From that small sample, smoking is a health benefit while exercising is a death sentence.

      One must remember that smoking has a direct causal link to lung cancer, emphysema, heart attacks etc... Sedentary has links to obesity (also an important health issue) just like poor dieting. Also, the more important thing, and why non-smokers really want others to stop is because of the harm you do to everyone surrounding you when you smoke - 2nd hand smoke is even more dangerous to bystanders and it really does a number on the fetus.

    14. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I just tossed a coin twice, and it came up heads both times.

      From this small sample, it appears that coins land heads up, so don't bet on tails!

    15. Re:good news for me (and you) by Bob+Uhl · · Score: 1

      Pipes smell good, and don't disturb sane people. Also, since pipes are not smoked as often as cigarettes, they discolour the teeth far less.

    16. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, tails fucks me every time.

    17. Re:good news for me (and you) by ross.w · · Score: 1

      I fully agree with you. and I wasn't trying to say that smoking is healthy. I don't smoke myself and never have. I hate being in the room when people are smoking. I'm just trying to point out that there are other things that can kill you, and smoking isn't the only lifestyle choice that can end your life early.

      My Grandfather was once told he'd live to be 100 if he quit smoking. He certainly wouldn't have emphysema now. That he has got to 90 is in spite of smoking, not because of it. I believe that his active lifestyle has contributed to that, and it got me thinking about my lack of activity and maybe I should do something about that, because merely not smoking does not guarantee a long life.

      --
      If my call is important, why am I talking to a recording?
    18. Re:good news for me (and you) by brre · · Score: 2, Insightful
      The CDC numbers say that obesity kills 25,000 Americans a year; tobacco kills 430,000.

      BTW I second that call to break away from that computer and take a walk.

      But there's no reason to pretend obesity is a killer just like tobacco. It's not even in the same league.

    19. Re:good news for me (and you) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or maybe it's simply genetics: My grandmother, who celebrated her 96th birthday this past Sunday, smoked for a while and quit in the 1960s, but still had 2 martinis and 2 glasses of wine every day until about 90. A good exercise day for her was walking to the bathroom and back. Her main meals were shrimp, meat, potatoes, and cheese.

      Her husband, who died at 91 (almost 92), smoked until the 1960s and quit, but still had a cocktail and 2 glasses of wine every day. A good exercise day for him was walking out to the car (parked in their garage) to go to work.

      My paternal grandmother, now 93, has never smoked, and a good exercise day for her was driving to church.

      My paternal grandfather, who smoked 3 packs a day until the late 60s, was told by his doctor he'd die in 3 years if he didn't quit. He quit cold turkey and lived another 13 years, but still drank like a fish.

      My highschool running coach, a multimarathon contestant, died at 56 of a heart attack. A good friend of my father's, a rail thin fitness buff, had a massive stroke at about the same age. A close friend, ex-Marine who served in Iraq and was as strong as an ox, died in his sleep at age 33.

      I've never smoked and it's pretty clear from seeing my grandparents' friends who couldn't quit drop dead in droves that smoking will kill you if something else (piano accident, etc.) doesn't kill you first. It's also pretty clear that diabetes is a health risk. But what most drug companies and doctors _don't_ want to admit is that everyone is kind of different and what's best for one person probably isn't best for another. It's easy to treat patients to fit the averages rather than figure out what's individually going on. Smoking is disgusting and stupid, and people who think it won't lead to health problems are in denial; however, it's going to kill some people faster than others, so saying "Hey, so and so didn't die until 90" doesn't mean smoking won't kill _you_ in your 50s. The health risks of over-exercising haven't begun to be discussed, but some people are going to be healthier and live longer by sitting on their asses. Most of us won't be, however, and until they just plug us into the computer and tell us which genetic code we've got and what we're going to get and when we're going to get it, we're going to have to just hope that following the basics of good nutrition, good exercise, and good health will keep us better off.

      Just so that you'll all know that Anonymous Coward said it first:

      1. Smoking kills you with cancer and emphasema (bad)
      2. Being overweight kills you with heart attacks (quick, yay) or diabetes (slow, bad)
      3. Alcohol is actually beneficial to the heart because it's a vasodilator and causes blood to flow more easily for a few hours, relieving the burden on the heart. (It's also a stress reliever. It's also fun.) A daily cocktail or two is probably fine for most people.
      4. The heart has only a set number of beats in it. If you over-exercise, you'll use them up faster. If you underexercise, your heart turns into jelly. Find a reasonable middle like a trip out to the car 2-3 times a day, not 10 miles of hard jogging.
      5. Just like Mozart could write music at age 4, so too will some people defy all the norms and outlive you even though they drink, smoke, whore, run marathons, and gorge. You try to do it too and you'll keel over. Life isn't fair and neither is longevity. We're all going to die sometime and there's not a whit we can do about it. Looking closely at your own parents and grandparents will likely show you your risks and likely deaths. Plan your health around that as well as whatever your doctor says.
      6. There is no good way to die, but dying of a heart attack at age 85 is about the best possible way, save dying in one's sleep. So if you've never smoked, take it up at about age 75 or start skydiving or try to shovel that snow 10 times faster than you think is wise. Or start kissing chickens in Vietnam. It's nice to die when you still are able to keep food in your mouth and wipe your own ass. Death with dignity should be everyone's last right.

  5. DNA methylation reversible? by aschoff_nodule · · Score: 5, Informative

    To my knowledge DNA methylation cannot be reversed and DNA methylase has not been found to exist yet. The only way DNA de-methylation at a particular CpG site in DNA can occur is by DNA replication(cell division), where replication of DNA gives an unmethylated CpG site.

    1. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by Kagura · · Score: 1

      I just followed the instructions and put tab A into slot A, and now everything works for me

    2. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by Buck'sBlog · · Score: 1

      Yet? As if we know all the DNA metabolish going on in the body. Most medical doctors and researchers still think that junk DNA is junk. What is to say that the 90% of the DNA that has a unknown function might have something to do with activation/inactivation of genes?

    3. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by qbwiz · · Score: 1, Offtopic

      This sounds like a job for Folding@Home....

      --
      Ewige Blumenkraft.
    4. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by mjh49746 · · Score: 1

      Drivers, start up your Athlon64s! ;-)

    5. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by afa · · Score: 1

      Well, I don't think that Folding@home solve any thing other than protein folding, even phosphorylation, dephosphorylation and etc., not to mention 'DNA methylation', which is irrelevant to protein folding...

    6. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Um...DNA methyltranferases do exist and methylation can be reversed. Take a look here and here for demethylation and here for a methyltransferase.

    7. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The model plant organism Arabidopsis thaliana I have some familiarity with has a number of proteins that demethylate DNA with methyl-C's: five genes at TAIR, and there is homology to some human proteins.

    8. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by (negative+video) · · Score: 1
      To my knowledge DNA methylation cannot be reversed and DNA methylase has not been found to exist yet.
      Well, a web search for 'DNA demethylase' turns up 70,000 results.
    9. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 2, Insightful

      To my knowledge DNA methylation cannot be reversed and DNA methylase has not been found to exist yet. The only way DNA de-methylation at a particular CpG site in DNA can occur is by DNA replication(cell division), where replication of DNA gives an unmethylated CpG site.

      Huh?

      Last time I looked the point of DNA methylation was this:

      One of the four bases (I forget which) has a methylation site, and the DNA replication mechanism normally copies the methylation state as well as the base type. This effectively makes the genome a FIVE-letter alphabet.

      In a fraction of complex life forms that includes humans, the methylation state of all or much of the genome is "reset" to a particular configuration during the production of the gamet cells - at least those of one of the sexes.

      This allows methylation to be used, gene by gene, or set-of-genes by set-of-genes, as a switch during tissue differentiation. Methylating (or de-methylating) a particular site can turn a gene's expression on or off (or perhaps modulate its expression magnitude) and the state of the switch is retained through cell replication as the tissue grows into its proper size and form, and as cells are replaced later.

      Of course this means that gene expression errors can occur (and accumulate with age or exposure to toxins) due to improper copying or changing of the methylation state, just as they can occur due to improper copying of, damage to, or editing of, the base sequence itself.

      = = = =

      So now scientists have identified a gene which is inactivated by methylation and whose normal function is one of the roadblocks that a broad class of cancer types must eliminate as they progress to full-blown pathologies.

      And of course there's a speculation that, since it's a switch, there might be a treatment potential using drugs to flip it to the non-cancer-associated state, which would make the cancerous tissue eitehr revert to normal or at least to a less invasive earlier stage of the disease.

      I agree there's a potential for such a treatment. But I suspect that just dosing with a generic state-setting drug may cause havoc by resetting the switches on other genes as well. I'd expect that practical treatments will have to wait for development of a drug that's specific to that PARTICULAR gene's methylation state, or at least to the methylation sites of a narrower set of genes, rather than scattergunning the whole genome.

      Of course it's possible that scattergun demethylation might not be a total disaster. Perhaps important cell differentation steps might not be totally dependent on the methylation, but include something that tends to set the switch again. Perhaps the result would be reversion to a more stem-cell like state that could "figure out" what tissue to be once again. Or perhaps even the havoc of the reset is better than dying of an otherwise incurable cancer type.

      But I'm betting that more focus will be needed for a practical treatment.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    10. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by ponos · · Score: 1
      Most medical doctors and researchers still think that junk DNA is junk. What is to say that the 90% of the DNA that has a unknown function might have something to do with activation/inactivation of genes?
      Your hypothesis is quite reasonable and (unsurprisingly) several researchers have already proposed this and are working on it. The majority of DNA is composed of so-called "repetitive elements" (a lot of DNA in humans is made of the "Alu" sequence, ~30-40% quoting from memory), some of which are transposable and this includes large sequences such as LINE1 etc. These sequences are relatively mobile and can move from place to place and possibly regulate adjacent genes or confer certain structural properties. In that sense, this DNA does not code any genes but it certainly isn't random. Another element of regulation that has called a lot of interest lately is the existence of micro-RNA "genes" that are not translated but are transcribed to small RNA molecules that have a powerful impact on whole sets of regular genes.

      P.

    11. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by Muad'Dave · · Score: 1


      That's funny - just because there are web hits for something, it must exist! I suggest you look for "Perpetual Motion" - 2,510,000 hits on google.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    12. Re:DNA methylation reversible? by (negative+video) · · Score: 1

      However the results I referred to include papers in reasonably respectable scientific journals, a trivial inspection of which shows that there is indeed considerable evidence in favor of the existence of DNA demethylase.

  6. One more breakthrough reported on /.? by geneing · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Well, as a regular /. reader I'm confused. In the past couple of year I've read dozens of reports here about breakthrough discoveries in cancer treatment and fusion research. However, neither cancer has been cured nor fusion reactors have been built.

    What am I missing? :)

    1. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by Ethan+Allison · · Score: 1

      A sense of unfaltering optimism, of course!

      -Ethan

    2. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by Bongo+Bill · · Score: 3, Interesting

      In general, any breakthrough discovery requires years of follow-up testing to make sure it's actually valid, and even then whatever comes as a result of it will be of limited use and prohibitively expensive - even assuming that the follow-up testing didn't reveal any new hurdles, which it usually does.

      --
      ...but is it art?
    3. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by ScrewMaster · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That's not exactly fair ... there are many types of cancer that are routinely cured (cancer is not, after, a single disease) and there have been plenty of fusion reactors built ... they just don't actually generate usable power yet.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    4. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by mjh49746 · · Score: 1

      Missing a cure for all cancer, and a fusion generator that supplies the world's energy needs.

    5. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by ClamIAm · · Score: 1

      You're missing the point of science. The scientific method is applied to problems again and again to try and solve them. If something works one time, other people try and get the same result. The even greater problem with things like cancer and fusion is that they're very difficult probles to try and "solve". Some study may show that method X solves the problem, but there may have been problems with the methods used, or it could have just been a fluke.

    6. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by weinrich · · Score: 1

      The thing I find most intriguing about this reply is the inability of moderators to figure out if the reply's author is trying to be funny or serious.

      I can imagine their mouse pointers shifting uneasily between Funny and Insightful. They don't want to appear out-of-touch with the extreme dry humor that it could represent, nor have they fully digested the reaction they have when considering the realities of the author's comments. Which to pick... which... to... pick?!?!

      Oh the humanity!

      PS: Just rate it Funny it and have a good laugh over it!

      --
      Error: .sig not found, using /etc/passwd instead
    7. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well on Slashdot you are more likely to read that this gene is related to the Ancient gene carried by Jack O'neill, John Sheppard and Joe Spencer (the barber) that enables the bearer to use highly advanced technology left behind years ago when the gate builders ascended.

    8. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're not missing anything.. this is good research but not a breakthrough. It seems like a big deal on slashdot but most cancer biologists wouldn't give it that much significance.

      Also, a lot of this kind of work is done in vitro (in a test tube, basically) in a small, controlled model system. There is often a big difference between in vitro and in vivo (in the body) and it can take many years to get something working in vivo that already works in vitro.

      I'm guessing that a lot of the fusion or other breakthroughs reported on slashdot probably aren't considered breakthroughs to the researchers in the field.

    9. Re:One more breakthrough reported on /.? by hicksw · · Score: 1

      "What am I missing?", he asked.

      Nights, once we light up Jupiter!

      Or everything else, if we light up terra instead....

  7. The question is... by gustgr · · Score: 1

    Have it been patented yet?

  8. Genetics Industry to Complement Cancerogens by CDMA_Demo · · Score: 1, Funny



    Basically, the best way to create new jobs is to create problems that can be solved by new jobs. Bill Clinton proposed creating new jobs to fix the environment, someone else created the 'Lets Hate America' which is being solved by jobs at Halliburton and the U.S. Army, and paid for by the taxpayers. Similarly, you f**c up human genes through radioactive experiments, and then you create a new industry to solve that problem. I'm only half kidding ;)

  9. might as well get it out of the way.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    I for one welcome our new 6-packs-a-day cancerless overlords!

    1. Re:might as well get it out of the way.... by mjh49746 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "Hack, hack, cough. Damn emphysema!"

    2. Re:might as well get it out of the way.... by pintomp3 · · Score: 1

      thank you *cough*

  10. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  11. Oncology epidemiology and methylation... by CupBeEmpty · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ..are areas that I have worked in, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in NYC. I am not really that enthusiastic about this find. There are an enourmous amount of "cancer supressing genes" but very few yield useful clinical results. This seems to be a case of over-hyping (which occurs all the time) of a scientific find.

    1. Re:Oncology epidemiology and methylation... by janneH · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yeah - add this to the jillion other tumor supressors. These give insights into the pathways that control cancerous cells, but have not been the great targets for therapy one might have thought when the first ones where found. There is nothing obviously special about this particular gene compared to the others. But my read would not be hyping - just someone who doesn't know where the base line is to begin with.

  12. obligatory... by iced_tea · · Score: 2, Insightful
    arnold quote:
    "It's not a tumah!!!!"
    --Kindergarten Cop (1990)
  13. Revenge by Profane+MuthaFucka · · Score: 1

    These people are looking for the wrong solution. I'm not looking to get a cure for cancer; my desire is revenge. Invent something that will give cancer to a cancer. Sweet poetic justice.

    --
    Fascism trolls keeping me up every night. When I starts a preachin', he HITS ME WITH HIS REICH!
    1. Re:Revenge by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Show that little bastard who's boss!

    2. Re:Revenge by thatshortkid · · Score: 1

      while not quite cancer-to-a-cancer, a friend of mine at UChicago does research similar to what these guys did. genetically engineer herpes to go after cancer and only cancer, leaving everything else be.

      whether or not it burns when the cancer pees has yet to be discovered, though.

      --
      The IRS is the one organization that you don't want to fuck with. Remember, these are the guys who took down Al Capone.
  14. Re:Cylon blood by HermanAB · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Ahah - so the Cylons were actually a bunch of medical orderly robots gone wild who decided that the only way to eradicate all disease is to eradicate the human carriers...

    --
    Oh well, what the hell...
  15. Patent by bmgoau · · Score: 1

    Has the gene been patented yet? or is that part of the genome still pending?

  16. premature celebration? by rahultyagi · · Score: 2, Informative
    Any student who has taken an undergraduate course about cancer and/or signal transduction will tell you how large these networks are (which means a LOT of intricate pathways to remember for the exams... but I am digressing..). Which means that any genes whose function is as a tumor suppressor is discovered is only one out of many such genes known. Moreover, its not as if a mutation in one gene is ever a chief cause of a given type of cancer. Every mutated gene tends to increase the chances of cancer. I suspect this is another of such genes.

    So, good that we have another member of the network pinned down, but this does not mean we are going to get a cure for lung cancer within 4-5 years because of this discovery.

  17. Just another casualty of Slashdot's policy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Speed over accuracy," or however Taco put it in his recent Q&A article.

    Bunch of half-literate nullwits. They want people to pay subscription fees for this?

  18. Re:Damn. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yes, but doing so only hasten up the process of getting ED. You don't want that to happen, do you?

  19. Inadvertant mouse gesture killed first reply! by Naruki · · Score: 1, Flamebait

    I agree that almost nobody deserves cancer. I except the tobacco company executives, who deserve every kind of cancer smoking can produce.

    For public smokers, I hope only that they are forced to sit in small, poorly ventilated rooms filled with smoke of a type they find unbearable for hours on end, every single day of their lives, until they die or quit smoking in public.

    But that's just me.

    1. Re:Inadvertant mouse gesture killed first reply! by TallMatthew · · Score: 1
      For public smokers, I hope only that they are forced to sit in small, poorly ventilated rooms filled with smoke of a type they find unbearable for hours on end, every single day of their lives, until they die or quit smoking in public

      Listening to people whine about it is punishment enough. If I knew who you were, I'd blow smoke in your face every time I saw you.

    2. Re:Inadvertant mouse gesture killed first reply! by Naruki · · Score: 1

      Ha ha, no you wouldn't. After the first puff, you'd choke to death on your teeth. But what I wouldn't give to see that. ;-)

    3. Re:Inadvertant mouse gesture killed first reply! by layer3switch · · Score: 1

      For public jackassers, I hope only that they are forced to sit in small, poorly ventilated rooms filled with jackass of a type they find unbearable for hours on end, every single day of their lives, until they die or quit being jackass in public ( /. included ).

      --
      "Don't let fools fool you. They are the clever ones."
    4. Re:Inadvertant mouse gesture killed first reply! by Prophet+of+Nixon · · Score: 1

      I've always said that I'll stand up for the right of other people to smoke in public places when they stand up for my right to piss on their shoes. Haven't gotten any takers though.

  20. Brain dead moderator alert by starling · · Score: 2

    >i>A perfect example of a careless grammatical mistake that completely reverses the meaning of a sentence.

    A comment pointing out an error in the article summary which changes its meaning so drastically is NOT offtopic.

  21. Nothing new to see, move along... by InternationalCow · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Another example of researchers drumming up their findings. Altered methylation patterns of tumor suppressor gene promotor sequences is nothing new. Neither is the finding of a gene whose product can act to suppress tumor growth. There are many of those.Posting this on slashdot is somewhat overdone. DNA methylation is an exciting target for chemotherapy, that will doutblessly benefit cancer patients in the near future. But it is too early to cry victory.

    --
    ----- One learns to itch where one can scratch.
    1. Re:Nothing new to see, move along... by TallMatthew · · Score: 1
      But it is too early to cry victory.

      And it is never too early to ask for more money.

  22. Amusement: the meaning is reversed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The verb "effect" means to create. So the summary says the gene creates cancer, which is the opposite of the intended meaning (I think).

  23. Obligatory.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's not a tumor!

  24. Natural Solutions by catahoula10 · · Score: 1

    "a process that is potentially reversible."

    Yes, the natural way.
    With folate (folic acid) and selenium and other proper nutrion. (very important to women proir to and during pregnancy for proper cell division and development). Also important for adults. Studies are ongoing of course.
    Selenium levels are low in the US so it would be smart to supplement the diet.

    It seems science has been on the verge of a cancer cure for more then 30 years.

    --
    This has been another valuable and informative opinion from:
    Catahoula!
    1. Re:Natural Solutions by Tucan · · Score: 1

      Folate acts as a methyl group donor. The article describes a gene that is inactivated by hypermethylation (over methylation). More folate, and therefore more available methylgroups, is not likely to solve problems caused by methylation of a tumor suppressor gene.

      On the other hand, folate may be beneficial in preventing tumors that would arise from double stranded breaks in DNA caused by insufficient methyl group availability interfering with the creation of thymidine or through hypomethylation of oncogenes.

    2. Re:Natural Solutions by catahoula10 · · Score: 1

      "is not likely to solve problems caused by methylation of a tumor suppressor gene."

      in the formation of cancer, abnormal methylation, resulting in both hypomethylation and hypermethylation, has been observed.
      Folate deficiency is a major cause of impaired methylation, because it leads to a decrease in the levels of SAMe and hence to impaired methylation.
      http://www.ffnmag.com/NH/ASP/strArticleID/357/strS ite/FFNSite/articleDisplay.asp

      Of all epigenetic modifications, hypermethylation, which represses transcription of the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes leading to gene silencing, has been most extensively studied.
      The contribution of dietary folate and methylene terahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms to methylation patterns in normal and cancer tissues is under intense investigation.
      http://www.jco.org/cgi/content/full/22/22/4632

      Too much methylation, known as hypermethylation, is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. "And so folic acid may be working to reduce hypermethylation in genes that might otherwise produce colon cancer." Pinning down just how they keep control over these processes might allow researchers to find or create drugs that would be even more targeted, and even more effective at keeping cancer at bay.
      http://www.usc.edu/hsc/info/pr/hmm/00-01winter/hai le.html


      As i said in my first post, proper supplementation with a balance of the right supplements gives the body everything it needs to heal itself.

      --
      This has been another valuable and informative opinion from:
      Catahoula!
    3. Re:Natural Solutions by Tucan · · Score: 1

      Folate and folate-related polymorphisms certainly play a role in the pathogensis and etiology of cancer through abnormal methylation and thymidine synthesis. That is not in dispute. However, your proposal that folic acid supplementation (adding more methyl groups) is somehow going to fix a problem related to having too much methylation just doesn't make any sense.

    4. Re:Natural Solutions by catahoula10 · · Score: 1

      What i have read claims so.
      But it has to go hand in hand with all necessary supplmentation, including trace minerals.

      So my overall point is proper supplementation in a synergistic manor with all the vit's, min's and trace min's gives the body what it needs to repair itself.

      It will repair slower then science likes to see it repair, but the body can repair itself naturally and completly with proper/balanced supplementation.

      --
      This has been another valuable and informative opinion from:
      Catahoula!
  25. Hey... by mikepaktinat · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I do IT support for that guy.

    He's a good guy.
    I think its crazy how you can work every day with a person and not really know the depth of what they do for a living.

  26. This is why PETA is a bunch of traitors by tjstork · · Score: 1

    >Unfortunately, the thing that will get livestock farmers in the US out of business will be SLAPP suits by PETA et al. >(but we'll still keep importing meat

    Is exactly why PETA and company are a bunch of traitors. They aren't solving any problems that they claim to be solving, just wrecking the American economy. Hopefully Bush the GREAT will dispense with them in his third term (after we adjust the constitution).

    --
    This is my sig.
  27. As much as you all laugh by agraupe · · Score: 0

    As much as you all laugh that emphysema will still kill smokers, you have to remember that not all smokers inhale the smoke into their lungs, therefore decreasing the possibility of getting emphysema. This treatment will also work for mouth cancer, which is the biggest threat to those who only smoke cigars. As one of them, I'm glad to see it.

    1. Re:As much as you all laugh by Physician · · Score: 0

      What a moot point this could be to you if you'd just quit your cancer causing cigar habit.

      --
      Does God treat us as servants or friends? Check my homepage.
  28. Meanwhile, tumor depression gene still ignored by elrous0 · · Score: 1
    sigh

    When will anyone listen to what *it* has to say?

    -Eric

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
  29. Tumor Suppression Gene Discovered by howard_coward · · Score: 1

    Bad news, but its not very likely that drugs/bioid agents etc will be developed to reverse DNA methylation. That's a covalent bond to "sp3" carbon that's being formed and though the drug-induced de-methylation is concievable its not very likely.

    1. Re:Tumor Suppression Gene Discovered by Tucan · · Score: 1

      You will be happy to hear that Azazitidine and Decitabine are existing chemotherapeutic agents that demethylate DNA.

    2. Re:Tumor Suppression Gene Discovered by Tucan · · Score: 1

      Oops, typo. That should be:

        Azacitidine (5-azacitidine)
        Decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine)

  30. Re:Hmm... by errxn · · Score: 1

    Actually, that was about the last thing on my mind. What I was referring to was this past Friday's episode of Battlestar Galactica, where they miraculously "discover" a cure for a major character's cancer. It seemed pretty timely to me, but apparently the mods have no sense of humor. Go figure.

    --
    In Soviet Russia, Chuck Norris will still kick your ass.
  31. another medical advance that probably isn't by brre · · Score: 1
    After 50 years of "promising" new drugs, the 5 year survival rate for lung cancer is almost the same today as it was 50 years ago: about 15%. Even the treatments that work at all, usually measure success as adding a few months to the end of life. And they are not fun months.

    The good news: about 90% of lung cancer is completely preventable. We have a vaccine for lung cancer. We know how to drastically reduce lung cancer. We have a proven method: fighting the tobacco industry. And we can win.

    This industry with "more money than God," this industry that makes its money by engineering its product as a drug delivery device and pushing it to 14 year olds with literally billions of dollars of slick promotion, we can beat this industry. The glamor that this indusry has bought for its product through its massive advertising and product placement and sports sponsorships, we can defeat that too.

    The record shows that when we defeat this industry, we save far more lives than any cancer drug that's ever arrived or is likely to.

    Example: over the last few decades, lung cancer rates in California have dropped 20%. (Source: California DHS). Imagine if you had a drug that completely cured, in fact prevented, 20% of all lung cancer -- and this drug was cheap, had no side effects, and as an added bonus also prevented a dozen other types of cancer, heart disease, and lung disease. Now that would be some great drug. Well, this is no drug, it's California's anti-tobacco campaign. Prevention works.

  32. test by stankulp · · Score: 1

    test

    --
    We must be alert to the danger that public policy could become captive to a scientific-technological elite. - Eisenhower
  33. misses the point by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    You're missing the point. Obesity can be fairly easily dealt with, as far as such things go. Cancer, heart disease, emphysema are very difficult and expensive to deal with and generally not very reversable.

    Smoking has a profound imapact on the economy, our taxes, and our health insurance rates. My uncle was a jungle fighter, a marine in the pacific in WW-2. He was given cigarettes in his rations and became profoundly addicted. By the time he died, it was hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical bills--although most was paid by insurance (IE, taxes + you and I)--multiple attempts at repairing his arteries with stents, weeks in the hosital ICU, and years on the oxygen bottle for emphysema. He was 76, 5 years on the oxygen, 3 years of surgeries.

    I've seen three people in my life go from being 300+ pounders to trim, fit people. With a change in diet to more fruits and vegetables, more exercise, less fat and sugar. Very reversible, and cheap.

    Although I do hope the beer had something to do with it.

  34. Re:Fix Lung Cancer?: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yup. That's pretty much the definition of a tumor suppressor - a gene that, when functional, slows down formation of cancer. Usually they are discovered when they are found to be compromised in strains prone to getting cancer

  35. Big Tobacco Companies... by Evil+Butters · · Score: 1

    This is great! Now if we can only get the Big Tobacco Companies to support this type of research with some of their settlement money...

    --
    Homer no function beer well without.
  36. Dangerous Blood by StikyPad · · Score: 1

    What they didn't mention was that this gene was found in Cylon-human hybrid fetus blood. While the short term results are promising, long term implications are not yet fully understood. Use at your own risk!