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Evidence for String Theory?

Izeickl writes "PhysOrg.com is reporting that scientists working at a neutrino detector nicknamed AMANDA at the South Pole report that evidence for string theory may soon be coming. Extra dimensions predicted by string theory may affect observed numbers of certain neutrinos and this is what the scientists will be looking for. The article further states 'No more than a dozen high-energy neutrinos have been detected so far. However, the current detection rate and energy range indicate that AMANDA's larger successor, called IceCube, now under construction, could provide the first evidence for string theory and other theories that attempt to build upon our current understanding of the universe.'"

258 comments

  1. Now we know.. by christurkel · · Score: 1, Funny

    Where all the Best Buy rebates go, no wonder Best Buy is going to a different system: We're onto them!!

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    1. Re:Now we know.. by rapierian · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Screw string theory. Verify Heim theory!

    2. Re:Now we know.. by rufty_tufty · · Score: 3, Informative

      For those who aren't aware:
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heim_theory
      Predictions of faster tan light travel (amoung other things)

      --
      "The weirdest thing about a mind, is that every answer that you find, is the basis of a brand new cliche" -
    3. Re:Now we know.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why, because New Scientist dug it up and hyped it? Obscure theories unverified by the scientific community making fantastic predictions are a dime a dozen.

    4. Re:Now we know.. by geekster · · Score: 4, Funny

      "faster tan light travel"? I think that's called a solarium/sunbed. ;)

    5. Re:Now we know.. by Don_dumb · · Score: 1
      faster tan light travel
      I do get bored waiting so long in those tanning beds to brown, perhaps this 'faster light' of which you speak is the answer.


      And before the humourless point it out, I do know that was a typo. I just thought it was funny.
      --
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    6. Re:Now we know.. by rapierian · · Score: 1

      Obscure theories unverified by the scientific community aren't able to make significant predictions, as Heim theory does with particle masses. I'm a physicist, and I've always had a problem with string theory, since it's built on such a contrived premise: they essentially said, "What's a theory that would let us be done with physics?" and then just made the whole thing up, without any sort of evidence to go on.

    7. Re:Now we know.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      We don't know whether the Heim theory predicts particle masses, because it's an obscure theory unverified by the scientific community. Hell, there are cranks on Usenet who post formulas predicting particle masses.

      I'm a physicist, and I've always had a problem with string theory, since it's built on such a contrived premise: they essentially said, "What's a theory that would let us be done with physics?"

      That wasn't the premise of string theory. It wasn't for a decade or so that anybody even realized that it was a theory of quantum gravity, let alone a unified field theory. String theory was invented entirely different reasons.

      and then just made the whole thing up, without any sort of evidence to go on.

      The fact that it is a unique ultraviolet completion of known low-energy physics, not to mention the only known quantization of gravity, is nothing to sneer at.
  2. new dimensions by joe+155 · · Score: 5, Funny

    I heard that there was only one other dimension... and the only difference was we are all wearing mexican hats... I thought this was general knowledge - perhaps the scientists here should have checked the facts before they started considering 24 dimensional super gravities and the like

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    1. Re:new dimensions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      What about the mexicans? What exactly do they wear in the "other" dimension?

    2. Re:new dimensions by geekster · · Score: 3, Funny

      Two mexican hats occupying the same space, which creates such a mess...

    3. Re:new dimensions by strokerace · · Score: 2, Funny

      Wrong! There is another dimension but it's the exact opposite of this dimension, and there we all have goatees.

    4. Re:new dimensions by sl3xd · · Score: 3, Funny

      So Steve Urkel would be a platinum blonde seductress with a goatee?

      I'll pass.

      --
      -- Sometimes you have to turn the lights off in order to see.
    5. Re:new dimensions by iamlucky13 · · Score: 1

      The mess, of course, comes from the fact that two mexican hats (scientifically known as sombreros) occupying the same space violate the Pauli exclusion principle. This is believed to be made possible by the low value of the peso.

    6. Re:new dimensions by foniksonik · · Score: 0

      I don't think I've ever seen a Mexican wearing a mexican hat(aka sombrero)... I see them wearing baseball caps, cowboy hats and construction hardhats all the time, but sombreros? nope, only tourists from Indiana wear those things... ususally cause they forgot to bring sunscreen to the sunny south "and it weel make sucha goud souveneer" - this when they're visiting southern california ;-p

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
    7. Re:new dimensions by WebWeasel2006 · · Score: 1

      hats

      --
      Sometimes I get lost inside my head....
    8. Re:new dimensions by KhromeGnome · · Score: 1

      I thought it was more that all state vectors were mapped into an isomorphic "goatee space".

    9. Re:new dimensions by AsparagusChallenge · · Score: 1

      As a mathematician, I say we've not proven yet the theorem that says mexican hats are fermions.

    10. Re: new dimensions by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1

      > What about the mexicans? What exactly do they wear in the "other" dimension?

      Sombreros.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    11. Re:new dimensions by foniksonik · · Score: 1

      yeah, well I'm rubber your glue... whatever you say bounces off me and sticks to you!!!!

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
    12. Re:new dimensions by Grayswan · · Score: 1

      Also in this other dimension, Spock has a beard.

      --
      If you open your mind too wide, people will throw trash in it.
  3. well is it by lubricated · · Score: 2, Insightful

    so will string theory finally be falsifiable and be more than a religion?

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    1. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course not. If IceCube fails to see an effect, some theorist will just come up with a modification explaining why there isn't really any effect to see, or better yet, why you need to build a 10x larger detector to see it.

    2. Re:well is it by musonica · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Or perhaps provable and evidence of religion? Oh save us from thy noodley jokes that are yet to be posted... Still this will be great to actually have some idea if the beautiful http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory/ has validity!

    3. Re:well is it by lisaparratt · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Just because you don't know how to falsify it doesn't mean it's not falsifiable. Religion is by definition not falsifiable.

      That's the big, important, difference.

    4. Re:well is it by lubricated · · Score: 1

      >> Just because you don't know how to falsify it doesn't mean it's not falsifiable.

      If nobody has any idea on how to even begin to falsify it, what's the difference?
      >>Religion is by definition not falsifiable.
      String theory by construction is unfalsifiable.

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    5. Re:well is it by JohnFluxx · · Score: 1

      Well what about this experiment? If it fails, then that disproves a certain version of it.

    6. Re:well is it by mikeh9741 · · Score: 0

      What if it's impossible to prove whether something is falsifiable or not?

    7. Re:well is it by lubricated · · Score: 1

      ok, so certain versions are falsifiable, the thing as a whole is not.

      --
      It has been statistically shown that helmets increase the risk of head injury.
    8. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just because you don't know how to falsify it doesn't mean it's not falsifiable.

      Hm, maybe Gödel's incompleteness theorem is relevant here.

      link

    9. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      String theory by construction is unfalsifiable.

      You don't know that. Nobody does. Nobody knows what the definition of string theory even is, let alone how to unambiguously extract what kinds of low-energy physics it definitely can or cannot predict. Right now there is significant debate regarding this point within the string community; it is dubbed the (Anthropic) Landscape. There is some discussion in this blog.
    10. Re:well is it by l2718 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Actually, this research will say next to nothing about string theory. The "string theory" mumbo-jumbo there is just hype. The IceCube experiment will (hopefully) see physics beyond the Standard Model, but it's a far cry from that to saying "this will test predictions of string theory". There are literally hundreds of models (many of them string-theory based) for what could happen. More importantly, the energy scale of the experiment will never detect anything "stringy" directly. It can only see the effective theory at that energy scale, in fact only a small piece of that. Whenver people hype an experiment as potentially providing "evidence for string theory" what they really hope for is "evidence for phsyics beyond the standard model".

    11. Re:well is it by modmans2ndcoming · · Score: 1

      Flash back to 1907..... How were you going to falsify GR?

    12. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mostly true, although if one of the large extra dimensions scenarios pan out, we could see stringy physics directly as the strings propagate through the large (-> low energy) dimensions.

    13. Re:well is it by modmans2ndcoming · · Score: 1

      let mr put it to you this way.... you are an idiot. it is a theory based on mathematics, just like General Relativity was based on mathematics. it took many many many years before the precision in instrumentation and the energy was available to test it. Did that make GR a religion? If it makes you feel better. Ed Witten has revised his M-Theory. Through the use of Twistor Geometry he has reduced the number of dimensions to 4, those present in GR.

    14. Re:well is it by ceoyoyo · · Score: 3, Informative

      "String theory" isn't a theory, it's a collection or class of competing theories. Kind of like "celestial mechanics." You can't falsify celestial mechanics, but you CAN falsify the geocentric model, thereby realizing that the heliocentric model is better.

    15. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      If it makes you feel better. Ed Witten has revised his M-Theory. Through the use of Twistor Geometry he has reduced the number of dimensions to 4, those present in GR.

      That turns out not to be the case. M-theory is still 11-dimensional, though the usual compactification scheme of getting down to 4 large dimensions can be employed. You may be getting confused by his work showing how to use twistors to relate perturbative (supersymmetric) gauge theories to string theory. (Anyway, the dimensionality of M-theory is tangential to the question of its falsifiability.)
    16. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Classes of theories can be falsified too, if you make an observation that is incompatible with all theories in that class. Whether we are technologically capable of making observations that could potentially falsfify all string theories is unknown.

    17. Re:well is it by Dashing+Leech · · Score: 2, Insightful
      "If nobody has any idea on how to even begin to falsify it, what's the difference?"

      It's a huge difference. But beyond that, if a theory/model makes predictions about how the universe works, and it is impossible to ever prove it wrong (falsifiable), by definition you've just demonstrated that it is a perfect model of the universe. That is, after all, the goal of the Theory of Everything, to have a model that explains and can predict everything.

      Religion is not falsifiable because it makes no predictions about the interactions of reality that can be checked. (This is arguable, however, depending on the belief of the religion. For example, faith-healers are falsifiable and have been demonstrated to be false. Really we're talking about the existence of God, not religion as a whole.)

      String/M- theory is a mathematical construct that makes predictions about reality. That we don't have the technology to check them yet, and that all of the predictions haven't been derived yet, is different from being non-falsifiable. In fact, one can argue that it already has. It predicts the existence of gravity, and our observations match the prediction. If they didn't, it would be false, hence it's falsifiable.

      Put yet another way, if string/M- theory is not falsifiable then it is not making any predictions about reality and hence it is useless as a model to tell us anything. That's hardly the case.

    18. Re:well is it by gkhan1 · · Score: 1

      You mean special relativity, not geberal. Special relativity was discovered in 1905, general 1915. However your point it still valid, there was no way to prove SR in 1907.

    19. Re:well is it by rollingrock · · Score: 1

      GR correctly predicts the precession of the orbit of Mercury, which was known at the time. The lack of aether, which on its own is pretty firm evidence SR, was demonstrated in many experiments before and after SR.

    20. Re: well is it by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1

      > so will string theory finally be falsifiable and be more than a religion?

      Do you know of anyone teaching their children that they will go to Hell if they don't believe in string theory?

      And if the day ever comes that we get observations that conflict with the claims of string theory, will physicists dismiss the observations as manifestations of God's inscrutable will?

      Even the most speculative branches of science very different from religion.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    21. Re:well is it by crazyeddie740 · · Score: 1

      >>Religion is by definition not falsifiable.

      I would say rather that you don't *want* your religion to be falsified. In science, if you have your theory falsified, then that's a cause for celebration. (Or at least it's supposed to be.) It means you learned something. But religion (whether theistic or atheistic, or somewhere in between) is the very foundation of our lives, the foundation of our worldview. Falsifiying a religion is a cause for despair. Falsifying a religion, for the devout, would be something like falsifying the theory "my wife is not cheating on me".

      If I were making a religion, I'd try to make it as unfalsifible *as possible*, with "as possible" meaning that it's still a satisfying worldview.

    22. Re:well is it by xtieburn · · Score: 1

      Irrelevant. If String Theory can not be adequately tested it will remain just that. A theory.

      Religeon is considered, against all reason and logic, absolute fact.

    23. Re:well is it by Scarblac · · Score: 1, Insightful

      It's a huge difference. But beyond that, if a theory/model makes predictions about how the universe works, and it is impossible to ever prove it wrong (falsifiable), by definition you've just demonstrated that it is a perfect model of the universe. That is, after all, the goal of the Theory of Everything, to have a model that explains and can predict everything.

      No, if it is impossible to test any of its predictions, then it doesn't actually predict anything at all, and it's perfectly useless. With your "perfect model", it'd have lots of testable predictions, and the tests would all confirm the model if they were carried out.

      String/M- theory is a mathematical construct that makes predictions about reality.

      No, right now it's just a mathematical construct.

      That we don't have the technology to check them yet, and that all of the predictions haven't been derived yet, is different from being non-falsifiable. In fact, one can argue that it already has. It predicts the existence of gravity, and our observations match the prediction. If they didn't, it would be false, hence it's falsifiable.

      Except that we already knew that; basically it was a given for the mathematical construct. It's not a actual prediction. Consider how some of Einstein's predictions based on his theories were only finally confirmed a few years back; that's the sort of thing we're looking for.

      If this story means that there is finally something in string theory that we can actually check, that it predicts that the number of neutrinos or whatever is different from what we'd expect with normal theory... then that's something we can test, and it would immediately be a falsifiable theory. But as far as I know, that would be the first time string theory "connects to reality", if it's true.

      Put yet another way, if string/M- theory is not falsifiable then it is not making any predictions about reality and hence it is useless as a model to tell us anything. That's hardly the case.

      That is, in fact, exactly the case. Hopefully that'll change some day.

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    24. Re:well is it by mark-t · · Score: 1
      String theory would be provably false if there exists a phenomenon that string theory cannot explain without coming up with an entirely new theory that it's based upon (which, given the nature of string theory, would destroy a fundamental premise of it). This does not mean that the possibility that a myriad of other (perhaps individually simpler) explanations exist for all the phenomena that string theory can explain implies or even begins to imply that string theory is actually false.

      So no... it's no more than religion.

    25. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      String theory would be provably false if there exists a phenomenon that string theory cannot explain without coming up with an entirely new theory that it's based upon (which, given the nature of string theory, would destroy a fundamental premise of it).

      Yes. It's certainly possible that string theory is wrong.

      This does not mean that the possibility that a myriad of other (perhaps individually simpler) explanations exist for all the phenomena that string theory can explain implies or even begins to imply that string theory is actually false.

      That sentence was completely unparseable.

      So no... it's no more than religion.

      Uh, what? It's possible for string theory to be wrong. How does that make it "no more than religion"??
    26. Re:well is it by Hoknor · · Score: 1

      Except that's not the case, it does make predictions, but not predictions anybody has ever tested. Christianity is to God Exists as String theory is to Strings Exist. This is an equivalent statement of the two theoretical models, but is not predictive in nature and not really testable.

        "God Exists and therefor hears my prayers and therefor if I Pray He shall answereth me" is to a specific version of the theory of Christianity as "Strings Exist therefor we will detect certain neutrinos" is to a specific version of the theory of Strings. These are actual falsifiable predictive statements. Clinical studies have demonstrated that in a controlled test, God does not answer the prayer in the sense of making the individual prayed for healthier, so that specific Theory of Christianity has been falsified. If they fail to detect these neutrinos, that specific String Theory will have been falsified.

        In both cases the proponents/believers of the overall general theories containing these specific predictive models will go back and try and work out a new form that is not proved false by tests, but actually makes accurate predictions.

        On a more personal note, I've never heard any evidence that encourages a skeptic such as myself to actually believe either of the general over theories contained in this post and so making a positive assertion that either one is already known to be true or that it eventually will be proven true falls under the heading of faith.

    27. Re:well is it by Ibag · · Score: 1

      Until you know how to make it falsifiable, it fails to be science.

      Just because it has equations or big ideas or lofty goals or the support of intelligent people does not mean that one can make the leap "this has potential" to "this is right." By insisting that you have found the one true theory when it is not CURRENTLY falsifiable means that you are following a religion.

      One day, we may discover a God who can attest that the god of the Christians does not exist, or who brings other elements of the supernatural to a scientific grounding. Or we may discover a way to travel through time (or at least look back in time, sans interaction) that would allow us to see if Jesus was real and did what is claimed. If religion becomes falsifiable, and if we can conclusively prove that the events in the bible or Koran are true or false, do those who worship God cease to practice a religion? I do not think that impossibility of falsifiability is part of the definition of religion. In the present context, I'd prefer to define religion as "A cause, principle, or activity pursued with zeal or conscientious devotion."

      Science needs a certain aspect of religion to it for it to progress: If people did not earnestly believe that budding theories might one day become mature enough to be falsifiable, they never would mature to that level. If people did not have faith that the world has regularity which is governed by knowable scientific principles, nobody would attempt to do science. However, to have the arrogance to presume that your religion will one day be falsifiable while someone else's can never be (by definition?) is to confuse your faith with your facts.

    28. Re:well is it by lubricated · · Score: 1

      >> it does make predictions, but not predictions anybody has ever tested.

      actually that's the problems with string theory. The theory as a whole makes no predictions. Yeah, certain version of it may make predictions, but there are just about an infinte number of perturbations of the theory. Every prediction that string theory has ever made turned out to be false. However string theorists have just turned around and developed a new version of string theory. It is essentially a theory of nothing.

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    29. Re:well is it by Valdrax · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Put yet another way, if string/M- theory is not falsifiable then it is not making any predictions about reality and hence it is useless as a model to tell us anything. That's hardly the case.

      No, that really IS the case from a lot of physicists' POVs.

      One problem with the theory is that according one physicist's paper, string theory offers 10 to 500th power different universes all with different physical properties and with many different kinds of forces. String theory practioners -- dare I say worshippers -- use this to say that our universe is merely one out of 10 to the 500th power different possible universes. Some flakes, like Michio Kaku, think we can colonize a new universe through a wormhole with light-speed traveling single-atom nanobots containing the technological and cultural seeds of a new civilization to avoid the heat death of our own universe. (This article is why I'll never respect Michio Kaku's words ever again. How did this man ever get a reputation for understanding physics?)

      Other physicists rightly point out that if they theory can handle an almost uncountable number of alternate universes with alternate sets of forces and physical constants, then it doesn't actually predict anything useful since you can't figure out how to predict anything about our own specific single universe has and that its not falsifiable because any new observations we find can be retrofitted into the theory by playing with and changing the math as has happened numerous times since the theory's inception.

      Of course, string theory may be right. The philosophical problem is that many of our best minds are spending all their time on a theory that can't be proven or disproven with current technology. Some of the experiments needed to confirm or deny string theory will take super-colliders capable of generating energy on a scale far beyond even a type I civilizaions' resources (the theoretical energy densities needed to tear matter down to its component strings).

      Since its practioners frequently disdain the necessity of experimental verification, since it's useless as a predictive tool, and since it can be retrofitted for any information that conflicts with it that we'll be able to achieve in the forseeable future, string theory is for all practical purposes nothing more than a math-based religion.

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    30. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Every prediction that string theory has ever made turned out to be false.

      String theory certainly has problems with predictive power, but that's a stupid claim to make. String theory predicts high-energy supersymmetry; that prediction has not been demonstrated false. Ditto for its 11-dimensionality. And in a generic sense, it predicts (in fact requires) both the existence of gravity and of gauge fields, which do exist.
    31. Re:well is it by lisaparratt · · Score: 1

      Heh. I was atheist, before an incident with some interesting food stuffs turned me into a solipsist with severe existential problems.

      I wish my belief system were falsifiable :(

    32. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      By insisting that you have found the one true theory when it is not CURRENTLY falsifiable means that you are following a religion.

      Who insists that string theory is the One True Theory? Every string theorist I know (well, except for one fanatic) will tell you that string theory may well be wrong. They just think it's the most plausible alternative yet proposed.

      Furthermore, even if string theory is not currently falsifiable, it's still not the case that it is unfalsifiable by either definition or construction.
    33. Re:well is it by crazyeddie740 · · Score: 1

      What happened, the world went away?

    34. Re:well is it by lubricated · · Score: 1

      >> Ditto for its 11-dimensionality.

      yeah, we have only observed 3+1 dimensions. From the get go the string theorists had to say. Oh.... those dimensions are to small to see they are invisible dimensions. Yesh right, sounds like religion to me. Other things that it predicts were known about long before string theory.

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    35. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      (This article is why I'll never respect Michio Kaku's words ever again. How did this man ever get a reputation for understanding physics?)

      And what in that article violates known physical facts? It's speculative, but theoretically possible in string theory, which is a physical theory.

      Since its practioners frequently disdain the necessity of experimental verification,

      Really? Please, name these practitioners and give examples of their "frequent disdain". It's not true of any string theorist I've met.

      I largely agree with the rest of your post, though. String theory has a real paucity of useful predictions. Calling it a "math-based religion" is going too far, though. Reconciling various theoretical inconsistencies and paradoxes in our current theories is an accomplishment of no small importance, if only because no other theory (predictive or not) has been able to do as much.
    36. Re:well is it by lisaparratt · · Score: 1

      Space, time, memory, thought, perception - it never quite came all the way back.

    37. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      yeah, we have only observed 3+1 dimensions.

      String theory doesn't predict that we should have observed more than 3+1 dimensions. Your subsequent sentences indicate that you know this. So you were lying when you said that every prediction of string theory has been falsified. 11 dimensions is a prediction, and it has not been falsified. Calling a "religion" does not change this fact. You may not like string theory, but that doesn't excuse lying about it.

      Other things that it predicts were known about long before string theory.

      Some other things that it predicts were known, like the gravity and gauge theory I mentioned. (On the other hand, those things had to be postulated before string theory, whereas string theory can derive them from more fundamental principles.) But they are still predictions of the theory. And string theory makes a number of other predictions (some of which I have mentioned) about things not yet observed. Its problem is its lack of predictions of things that were not observed at the time of prediction, but were since observed.
    38. Re:well is it by crazyeddie740 · · Score: 1

      Well, if thought and perception went away, how do you know you exist? You're not even a Solipist!

    39. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Religion is by definition not falsifiable.

      Whose definition and what is it? Or are you just spouting nonsense?

    40. Re:well is it by lisaparratt · · Score: 1

      By having a paradoxical definition of opposites, where by each is fractally and recursively defined in the terms of the other, meaning I both exist and don't exist, and am everything and nothing.

    41. Re:well is it by techno-vampire · · Score: 1
      What if it's impossible to prove whether something is falsifiable or not?

      If a theory makes no predictions about reality, it can't be falsified. If it does, but can explain any possible results from a test of that prediction, it can't be. If it makes predictions that can be tested and there are results possible that can't be fitted into the theory, then and only then it can be falsified.

      As an example, a theory that God created the Universe in 4004 BC with sedimentary rocks containing fossiles making it look like the world was millions of years old can't be falsified because no matter what evidence you turn up, it fits into the theory. Einstein's Special Theory of Relitivity could be tested because there were differences between what it predicted and what Newtonion physics predicted would be observed when a body was moving fast enough. Either the measurements fitted Einstein or they fitted Newton, and if they had matched Newton, Einstein's theory would have been falsified. I'm no expert on String Theory, but from what other posters have written, nobody's come up with a clear-cut test for String Theory that can be carried out at present until now.

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    42. Re:well is it by rolfwind · · Score: 1

      Actually, it's mislabeled. It's a hypothesis at best. Theories have been tested thoroughly and next to axioms, are the closest thing to fact Sciences have until disproven. Theories also tend to predict something.....

    43. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As an example, a theory that God created the Universe in 4004 BC with sedimentary rocks containing fossiles making it look like the world was millions of years old can't be falsified because no matter what evidence you turn up, it fits into the theory.

      It could be falsified by evidence indicating that the Earth looks only hundreds of years old.
    44. Re:well is it by Anpheus · · Score: 1

      You miss his point - it is possible to reinforce General Relativity by using experimental evidence, but there was no way to demonstrate it was ever wrong. Now we have experimental evidence of quantum interactions that show that General Relativity is not complete. It's when predictions of a theory are proven wrong advancements are made. Science is a progress of decreasing error.

    45. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Schoolbook" definitions often have little to do with how terms are used by practicing scientists. A "theory" is generally used to refer to a broad framework of ideas, regardless of how well tested it is. (Also, "axioms" are not fact or even necessarily close to fact; they are simply assumptions, which may be well or poorly grounded.) In addition, string theory makes predictions; too many of them, in fact, because we don't have a principle for preferring one string theory vacuum over another.

    46. Re:well is it by starwed · · Score: 1

      There's a flaw in your reasoning there. It doesn't matter how many universe the theory predicts, it matters how many parameters it leaves unfixed. Just one parameter would be enough to forumulate an infinite number of universes, but if we measure that parameter, we've fixed which one we live in, and can thus make predictions.

    47. Re:well is it by xtieburn · · Score: 1

      Well to get all semantic on you.

      "Hypothesis
      A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation.
      Something taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation; an assumption.
      The antecedent of a conditional statement."

      This typically can not be tested by further investigation (Though yes this article is a bit of an exception.) It isnt an assumption as such there are mathematical theories behind it, and it is not being taken as true for the purpose of argument because it is the argument.

      Meanwhile the first definition of a theory.

      "A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena."

      Statements and principles to explain a phenomena pretty much fits the bill. The word especially means that it doesnt necessarily need to have been repeatedly tested.

      In real life examples the hypothesis is usually an introductory set of statements in a particular piece of work that set out what facts you believe to be true so that the test you are about to perform can be compared against them in order to determine a conclusion. (At least this is how it worked in A-Levels)
      As opposed to a theory that is not so much setting out facts to be tested but extrapolating information from your workings, whether from tests, or in the case of string theory the maths.

      As I said though its largely semantic. The two words overlap each other somewhat in use and definition. Whether it be a hypothesis or a theory it will always remain that way until some degree of factual evidence can be brought to light. (Though of course purists will recognise that nothing is factual in science things just get to be highly probable.)

    48. Re:well is it by rollingrock · · Score: 1

      You miss my point -- checking the orbit of Mercury is a _falsifiable_ way to check General Relativity in a place where it does diverge from classical gravity, and by an amount that could be measured by the instruments of the day. Another falsifiable prediction which was readily checkable at the time was the deflection of light from distant stars. During a solar eclipse this was most certainly possible at the time. String theory, on the other hand, does not diverge from the Standard Model in places and by amounts that can be currently checked.

    49. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      It could be falsified by evidence indicating that the Earth looks only hundreds of years old.

      No, that would just show that God made that evidence too.

    50. Re:well is it by mark-t · · Score: 1

      It's possible for religion to be provably wrong too... just find some phenomena for which a particular religion cannot account without altering a fundamental premise of it.

    51. Re:well is it by lubricated · · Score: 1

      >> So you were lying when you said that every prediction of string theory has been falsified.

      Let me rephrase by what I meant by that.
      Every prediction unknown at the time when string theory was formulated that was later able to be falsified has been.
      What then happens is that someone is like, but that only disproves one of the many string theories.
      Just like the experiment in the article, it can't disprove string theory just one variant.
      What good is a theory that has this little predictive power?

      >>String theory doesn't predict that we should have observed more than 3+1 dimensions.
      A "valid" string theory could.

      >> Its problem is its lack of predictions of things that were not observed at the time of prediction,
      Exactly.
      And it's not like we aren't constantly observing things that current theories do not predict.
      Like that whole speed of light changing, expansion is accelerating.

      This reminds of the evolution vs creationism debate.
      Where general relativity and quantum mechanics represting evolution, and string theory represents creationism.
      The argument goes something.
      Since we see gaps in relativity and quantum mechanics, it must mean the other is true.
      I have not seen any evidence actually suporting string theory, and no one really has.
      We are not going to build a super colider the size of pluto's orbit.

      --
      It has been statistically shown that helmets increase the risk of head injury.
    52. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Two words: General Relativity.

    53. Re:well is it by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      True. I shouldn't have said that you can't falsify a class of theory.

    54. Re:well is it by joe+user+jr · · Score: 1
      As far as I understand, that's basically it, except there's no need to come up with a new explanation - existing String Theory already allows the Cube not to work.

      The basic problem is this: String Theory predicts that at some (non-specified) energy E, Stringy effects will become apparent; but the virtually infinite set of physical models which the theory allows (the infamous "landscape") means that there's no cut-off point for E, no realistically attainable maximum energy beyond which it's not worth looking for any Stringy effects. So for any specifically tested energy, e, at which no stringy effects are observed, the String Theorist can always claim e < E, and the effects will be observed at some higher energy.

      Some people (quite plausibly it seems to me) interpret this as the non-falsifiability of String Theory.

      On the other hand, it's been argued that as a theory that admits of many solutions, String Theory is far from unique: for example, while the tensor equations of General Relativity admit a multitude of solutions and no-one is in a position to say which one is the solution that we actually live in, there is no problem with the standing of GR. (But then, if there was a theory which stood in the same relation to GR as the Standard Model stands to String Theory, perhaps things would be different!)

      Some informed and heated debate on string theory is available at Peter Woit's not even wrong (anti) and Lubos Motl's somewhat rabid pro string theory counter-blog

      --
      .sigs: Just Say No!
    55. Re:well is it by ThankfulJosh · · Score: 1

      Kudos to you, sir! You have hit this right on the head. I've read the two most populist books on this by Greene, as well as countless articles. At first I was very excited, but since about, say, 2002, I've been very pessimistic about the whole string theory thing. It does seem like a religion more than science.

      "How big are the extra dimensions?" = "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin."
       
        Except I believe in angels more than these extra dimensions. These guys should shave the crap growing out of their heads with Occam's razor.

    56. Re:well is it by modmans2ndcoming · · Score: 1

      M-Theory predicts electrons. ta da!!!!

    57. Re:well is it by kurzweilfreak · · Score: 1

      Doesn't work, they can always just say "well it must be God's will, He wanted it that way."

      --

      kurzweil_freak

      5th Kyu Genbukan Ninpo/KJJR student

      Be the darkness that allows the light to shine.

    58. Re:well is it by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      Reconciling various theoretical inconsistencies and paradoxes in our current theories is an accomplishment of no small importance, if only because no other theory (predictive or not) has been able to do as much.

      Well, if that is the only goal, what's wrong with the "theory" "because God made it that way." That does technically accomplish just as much, and probably is as useful scientifically.

      The problem is that if you don't make predictions that can be tested, it really isn't even a theory at all. It is more of a philosophy (like math, or a million other things that aren't concretely tied into the real world). The reason science is so well-accepted is because it is a systematic way of finding out truth that we know pertains to the real world. If we want good speculation and nothing more than I daresay that any number of philosopers/theologians/etc have as much to contribute as what most string theorists have given us.

      Not that string theory should just be shunned, but its value is limited at present unless it can actually tell us something meaningful about our universe that we don't already know, and which can be tested. Or at least if it can explain something we already know in a way that no other theory can, with some ability to extrapolate beyond that.

      I wouldn't be surpised if string theory eventually develops into something of practical usefulness, but I don't think that day has arrived yet...

    59. Re:well is it by eclectro · · Score: 1

      we can colonize a new universe through a wormhole

      Hey, I got an idea - we'll make a TV show based on this idea - like a "gate to the stars". It will be run by the airforce in a bunker and feature a loyal team of intrepid explorers. And one of them will be a cute perky blonde nerd.

      Of course, we know that cute perky blonde nerds don't exist in real life.

      --
      Take the cheese to sickbay, the doctor should see it as soon as possible - B'Elanna Torres, "Learning Curve"
    60. Re:well is it by Ibag · · Score: 1

      Well, the actual string theorists that I know don't insist that it is the one true theory, but I have some non-physics friends who saw Elegant Universe on NOVA and insist that it is the light and the way. I don't think the problem is in how it is presented to other scientists, but rather how it is presented to the media and the public. While it is necessary to overstate your case and your confidence for the sake of funding, it does create a certain appearance which at this stage does appear like a blind religious zeal.

      I'm actually not so sure that string theories are not unfalsifiable by either construction or definition. The link between string theory and reality is a bit tenuous (compared to say general relativity where one could say that gravity should change the orbit of mercury by such an amount). The link is even a bit stretched compared to theories about fundamental particles, which give only that we should have such energy bursts at such frequencies when we collide two particles into each other at 99.999% of the speed of light. However strings can never be directly observed, and the indirect effects that we think maybe we should be able to see, which vary on who you ask, are so subtle that we can't really hope to measure them.

      As a mathematician by trade, I understand the beauty that a nice mathematical model can offer, but nobody has ever given me a compelling argument for string theory other than "D-Branes are cool, and if I talk about strings vibrating, people can relate because they have seen vibrating strings before."

      Are there physical predictions made by string theory, not made by other theories, that should be detectable by experiment which we can conceive now (even if we cannot run the experiment with current technology/funding) in which a negative result would cause people to abandon the core of string theory? If so, it is not just a religion. If not, then it currently is, regardless of how many scientists are working to change that.

    61. Re:well is it by mark-t · · Score: 1

      Of course, if one has a religion which accepts the premise that their god "works in mysterious ways". Not all religions do.

    62. Re:well is it by Anpheus · · Score: 1

      That's not a prediction though, Einstein had these things in mind when he created General Relativity. He could determine whether or not his theory rang true by checking some of these facts. As I understand it, there were several predictions made, and several properties of our solar system aligned more precisely to theoretical values upon using General Relativity. There is a distinct difference between making predictions and aligning your theory to match observed data. Predictions include such things as determining the bending of light during a full solar eclipse. As an outstanding display of scientific integrity, during WWI (1919 CE) British scientists confirmed a prediction of General Relativity. Had their evidence shown that General Relativity was incorrect, clearly a new theory would be necessary.

      A new theory matching old observations (a priori evidence) != New observations matching an old theory (a posteriori evidence). The new theory should match old observations, whereas the new observations are where the theory is falsifiable. Tests done after the publication of General Relativity to confirm its predictions constitute evidence that may prove GR false. Citing observations that Einstein obviously had in mind prior to its publication is erronous reasoning at best.

    63. Re:well is it by Hoknor · · Score: 1

      >What good is a theory that has this little predictive power?
        Mainly it stimulates creative thinking and discussion. Sometimes in science it's not about starting from the point of having a valid theory that you validate, you just need some sort of hypothesis to start from and the pursuit of and accomplishment of proving that hypothesis to be untrue is a means to figure out what actually is true.

    64. Re:well is it by VdG · · Score: 1

      Just because nobody's found one yet doesn't mean they don't exist. I think this is a valuable area of research.

    65. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, because the theory was "that God created the Universe in 4004 BC with sedimentary rocks containing fossiles making it look like the world was millions of years old". If it turns out that the Earth looks hundreds of years old, that theory is falsified. Some other theory involving God might be true, though.

    66. Re:well is it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, if that is the only goal, what's wrong with the "theory" "because God made it that way." That does technically accomplish just as much,

      No, that is not a theory which reconciles various theoretical inconsistencies and paradoxes in our current theories. For example, it does not demonstrate how to unify gravity and quantum mechanics. It may be true that God made the laws of physics, but "God made it that way" still isn't a theory of quantum gravity. At best, it's a theory of how a theory of quantum gravity may have come about.

      The problem is that if you don't make predictions that can be tested, it really isn't even a theory at all.

      String theory makes predictions. The problem is that there are many string theories and we don't have a principle for preferring one over another.

      Not that string theory should just be shunned, but its value is limited at present unless it can actually tell us something meaningful about our universe that we don't already know, and which can be tested.

      That's true, but it doesn't change my original point.
  4. sounds suspiciously like... by alexander+m · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...one of those sci-fi christmas episodes: "parallel chihuahua dimension"

  5. Uh oh... by TheNoxx · · Score: 5, Funny

    Great, now we'll be able to see Cthulhu and he'll get all embarassed because he'll be like, in a shower or something when that thing's turned on, and he'll eat the goddamn earth. Can't we be happy with *our* dimension of existence? Wasn't invading Iraq enough?

    --
    Ex nihilo nihil fit.
    1. Re:Uh oh... by mscir · · Score: 1

      Saddam was hiding some of the parts for the detector in a museum, he found them in a pyramid, or something...

    2. Re:Uh oh... by Jugalator · · Score: 2, Funny

      Hmm, and here I thought Cthulhu had been spotted already...

      --
      Beware: In C++, your friends can see your privates!
    3. Re:Uh oh... by foniksonik · · Score: 1

      This makes me wonder how many /.ers are familiar with Lovecraftian mythology and the nature of early 1900s style extra dimensional occurrences.... and when did UFO phenonmenon take over as the predominant explanation for supernatural sightings?

      Someone should do a survey...

      --
      A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
  6. South Pole by 42Penguins · · Score: 2, Funny

    Is this in any way related to the Fifth Dimension, and Let the Sun Shine?

  7. Evidence may be coming? Oooh, I can hardly wait! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of course, it may not.

    WTF?

  8. Don't get your hopes up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    This is not the only experiment which could probe large extra dimensions; the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is another notable experiment. However, this article is not implying that AMANDA (or any other experiment) has found evidence for string theory, or even that they are likely to.

    Normally, string physics is thought to appear at the Planck scale (far beyond what we will ever be able to probe directly), because that is thought to be the size of the "curled up" extra dimensions. However, it's possible that the dimensions aren't actually that small, that they could be much larger — possibly not much smaller than a millimeter. (They could even be infinitely large, not curled up at all, and we could be living on a 4-dimensional "brane" close to another one.) In those cases, stringy behavior is brought down from the Planck scale to as low as 1 TeV (tera-electron volt), which is the energy that corresponds to a distance somewhat below a millimeter. (By the Uncertainty Principle, higher energies correspond to shorter distances that can be probed.)

    The problem is, there isn't a lot of reason to believe that these scenarios ought to be true; they are highly speculative (even relative to string theory as a whole!). To a large extent, they are just hopeful thinking — that stringy physics might occur at in an energy regime we can probe. They could be helpful in understanding the hierarchy problem (the question of whether and why there is an absence of new particles between the electroweak and Planck scales), but when you get down to it, most high energy physicists are not betting on large extra dimensions. So these experiments might very well not show up any evidence of string theory (even if string theory is true).

    1. Re:Don't get your hopes up by dragons_flight · · Score: 1

      Of course, just a couple weeks ago there was a story about people at RHIC thinking they saw evidence for micro black holes. And presumably if RHIC can do it, IceCube might be able to as well.

    2. Re:Don't get your hopes up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      From that same thread, RHIC did not see evidence of black holes.

      Besides which, RHIC is a particle accelerator and IceCube is just a detector (and just a neutrino detector at that). It's not equipped to either produce or detect black holes (though it's not impossible AFAIK, since it can at least detect flashes of light).

    3. Re:Don't get your hopes up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I've never understood this bit. How does a "dimension" get to be less than a millimeter across? Can I inhale one by accident? Sit on one? If they're so small, are there more tiny little dimensions on the other side of the moon?

      Not trying to be funny. Just wondering.

    4. Re:Don't get your hopes up by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 4, Informative
      The problem is, there isn't a lot of reason to believe that these scenarios ought to be true; they are highly speculative (even relative to string theory as a whole!).

      Actually there is a good, theoretical, reason to think that these "Large Extra Dimension" (LED) scenarios might be correct (though I'll only believe it if we get data to back it up). If LEDs do exist they can solve the problem that the Standard Model of particle physics has explaining the huge difference in energy scales between the Planck scale (10^16 GeV) and the electroweak scale (10^2 GeV).

      If LEDs exist then gravity might become a lot stronger above the ~TeV energy scale i.e. the Planck scale is actually ~10^3-4 GeV and not 10^16 GeV and a lower energy scales we are fooled into thinking gravity is a lot weaker simply because we can't see these extra dimensions where it spends a lot of its time.

      The problem that LEDs have is in explaining proton decay. It is very likely that protons do in fact decay (this is linked to the fact that we only see protons and no anti-protons in the Universe) but with an incredibly long lifetime caused by the very high energy of the Planck scale. If you lower this energy to a few TeV you either end up with rapidly decaying protons (bad!) or having to put a conserved symmetry in which prevents all proton decay (also bad!).

      So LEDs are an interesting theory which could solve some real problems with existing theory at the cost of introducing some new problems of their own. As a result I think Supersymmetry (which solves the problem which LEDs answer as well as the missing dark matter problem) is a better bet but I'll only believe it if we see it! Unfortunately from an experimentalists point of view LEDs would be a far more interesting discovery since it would mean we could start doing quantum gravity experimentally before the theorists have figured it all out....but not knowing exactly what you'll find is part of the fun of physics!

    5. Re:Don't get your hopes up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Brian Greene has a good analogy. Envision a garden hose. If you look at it from far away, it looks like a 1-dimensional curve. Only if you look at it closely can you tell that at each point on the "1 dimensional curve" there is actually a whole extra circular dimension, making it into a 2-dimensional tube. The circular dimension is "small" compared to the length of the hose, and you can only detect it if you're capable of resolving distances on the scale of the hose diameter.

      Analogously, there could be extra dimensions at each point in our 3-dimensional space that are curled up too small for us to notice that we're moving in them. Only with a super-powerful "microscope"(usually, a particle accelerator) could we see that they're there.

    6. Re:Don't get your hopes up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, if you bothered to read further you'd see that I mentioned the hierarchy problem. But that alone is not enough to convince most people that large extra dimensions are likely to exist; as you say, there are other ways of solving it.

      Also, your statements about proton decay aren't really correct. The experimental bounds on the proton lifetime are already far longer than the age of the universe, meaning that proton decay is irrelevant to the question of proton vs. antiproton content. In fact, matter/antimatter asymmetry is present in all particles, not just protons, and is more likely to find an explanation in CP violating processes.

    7. Re:Don't get your hopes up by mnmn · · Score: 1

      We SHOULD get our hopes up. The only other neutrino detectors I know of are the Sudbudy N Observatory and the super Kamiokande which is out of commission for the while. I dont know how much is SNO producing data and thesis papers, but one detector on the whole earth is underdoing it. And the southpole project is simply more fun while being in a cleaner environment (except possibly nearly nuclear submarines polluting the radiation space.

      --
      "Give orange me give eat orange me eat orange give me eat orange give me you." -Nim Chimpsky
    8. Re:Don't get your hopes up by WalksOnDirt · · Score: 3, Funny

      Now just what would nuclear submarines be doing flying over the south pole? Ok, I guess you could sled them in, but that doesn't sound much easier.

      --
      a,e,i,o,u and sometimes w and y (at be if of up cwm by)
    9. Re:Don't get your hopes up by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1
      Yes, if you bothered to read further you'd see that I mentioned the hierarchy problem. But that alone is not enough to convince most people that large extra dimensions are likely to exist; as you say, there are other ways of solving it.

      However it provides a far firmer reason to think that LEDs might exist over and above string theory. LEDs potentially solve a real problem. String theories are so far pie-in-the-sky. So I would take strong issue with your claim that LEDs are more speculative than string theory. LEDs were inspired by string theory but do not imply string theory.

      Also, your statements about proton decay aren't really correct. The experimental bounds on the proton lifetime are already far longer than the age of the universe, meaning that proton decay is irrelevant to the question of proton vs. antiproton content.

      Actually you are dead wrong there. The fact that we see no anti-protons in the universe is because there has to be some process which violates baryon number (one of the Sakharov conditions of the Big Bang). The fact that such a process exists implies that protons should be able to decay into a lower mass state. The reason protons hang around for so long though is because of the enormous energy scale of the baryon number violating process: the Planck scale. If the Planck scale is a lot lower than we think then something else has to explain why protons are so stable and yet we see strong evidence for baryon number violating processes.

  9. Re:Just might by rufty_tufty · · Score: 1

    Sounds like someone has been reading Philip Pullman.

    When they start drilling holes in people's heads let me know...

    --
    "The weirdest thing about a mind, is that every answer that you find, is the basis of a brand new cliche" -
  10. Who needs evidence? by ScentCone · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "Strings" are just another way of describing devine, Noodly Appendages.

    Actually, this is really cool. Looking forward to what the use of the new detector shows, or doesn't, as the case may be. String theory is such a mind bender for most people (including me), that anything making it more directly tangible will really help focus the conversation. Or end it. Either way is good.

    --
    Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
    1. Re:Who needs evidence? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It may (possibly) give a positive result, but a negative result will only be a very small step compared to the results necessary to falsify strings.
      Incidentally, is anybody else occasionally pissed off by it being called "String Theory"? I mean, we have to go through a lots of effort to describe what makes a scientific theory whenever we talk about biology, but when it comes down to it most of that doesn't apply to strings. Maybe "String Hypothesis" would be better... but I suspect it doesn't sound cool enough that way.
      Oh well, it's not the first time somebody's decided on the name for his idea based on what sounds appealing. Back when people were starting to think the t quark didn't exist, some physicists created "Topless Models," which is terribly chauvinistic but still somehow more appealing than a "Truthless Model."

  11. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by dragons_flight · · Score: 5, Informative

    Construction on AMANDA began in 1994, and South Pole was chosen because you need high transparency ice. That means you need an ice sheet substantially thicker than 1400 meters (the bubble conversion zone) in a region with few dust or volcanic impurities. South Pole satisfies both these properties very well.

  12. This sounds familiar by Rude+Turnip · · Score: 3, Funny

    I remember what happened the last time some scientists were doing experimental research in the South Pole. Let's just nip this one in the bud, shall we? Launch Eva!

    1. Re:This sounds familiar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Funny, for a second I thought you were talking about The Thing.

  13. You may know him from by Dachannien · · Score: 4, Funny

    AMANDA's larger successor, called IceCube,

    Also seen in such blockbuster hits as Boyz n the Nucleus, Three Quarks, and xXx: State of the Quantum.

    1. Re:You may know him from by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually at the University of Wisconsin, one of the researchers involved in Amanda and Ice Cube, Francis Halzen, has (or at least had as of about 5 years ago) a small picture of the aforementioned Ice Cube on his office door (probably put there by someone else, but still funny)

    2. Re:You may know him from by LouisZepher · · Score: 1

      Thanks for making the obligatory comments so I didn't have to and lose karma...

    3. Re:You may know him from by Mignon · · Score: 1

      Before his film career, he was originally in NWA (Neutrinos With Attitude.)

  14. That's nice, but. . . by petra13 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's cool that there's a testable prediction coming out of string theory, but I would take this with a grain of salt for the next few decades. For one thing, I don't think neutrinos themselves are well enough understood yet that string theory would provide the only (or even the best) possible explanation for discrepencies in their 'up' and 'down' neutrino rates. A multitude of experiments are being done now just to try to pin down the parameters governing neutrnio behavior. So if AMANDA sees the discrepency predicted by string theory, it would take a lot more work and many more years to demonstrate that there isn't a better explanation for it.

    1. Re:That's nice, but. . . by fermion · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Generaly speaking, if a hypothesis makes a prediction, and the predition turns out to be true, then the hypothesis is reasonable at least for the domaain probed by that experiment, and represent at least a small part of reality.

      We can take three cases. First, the flat earth. On a small scale, the earth seems flat, and in every day life we treat it so. The success of this theory is shown by out upstanding building and bridges. The problem occurs when we try to assume that local flatness is universal.

      Second, Newtons law of motion. For slow speeds, they seem to be correct. We can make all sorts of predictions, and have those predictions experiemental proven true. Again the problem occurs when we assume the laws are valid at all speeds.

      Third, we have the theory that all waves require a medium, and therefore, lights as waves require a medium. This is multi layer difficulty. We assumed an aether to fullfill an unverified assumption of the nature 'all swans I have seen are white, therefore all swans are white'. We also made the then reasonable assumption that things are either waves or massive It is now clear that niether of these are universaly true, but both were useful constructs.

      So, the issue is not that there is a better explaination, as science does not make judgements, it just finds models for observations. The issue is whether they hypothesis can be used to create a theory that can be used to usefully predict behavior.

      --
      "She's a scientist and a lesbian. She's not going to let it slide." Orphan Black
    2. Re:That's nice, but. . . by LaCosaNostradamus · · Score: 1

      A minor rebuttal: Once bridges got long enough, the curvature of the Earth had to be taken into account, since their towers started to have differences in spacing from roadway to top. Allegedly, the Verranzo-Narrows bridge towers are almost 2 inches further apart at their tops due to this curvature. However, these bridges seem to be 20th Century artifacts, so older bridge construction would not have noticed.

      --
      [You have a stable society when some nut guns down a schoolyard and the law doesn't change.]
  15. Conversation at the South Pole by Ancient_Hacker · · Score: 5, Funny
    Top Scientist: How's the measurements going?

    Peon: We've counted 12 possible events out of 789,567,345,754,234,567,876 (est) neutrinos passing thru the detector.

    TS: Hmm, that's as expected, totally useless number of events to draw any inferences from. Keep at it.

    (Next day) South Pole Grant Administrator: Hey, TS, got any news I can tell Washington? Your grant approval comittee meeting for the Big Project is next week!

    TS: Oh, yes, Er, Um, hte data we got from their previous infusion of cash indicates Big Things, the possible proff of String Theory, SuperGravity, The AntiMacassar Postulate, and much more. But better just mention String Theory to the commitee, it was on the cover of Popular Science last month.

    SPGA: Will do!

  16. Heim theory? by MobyDisk · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Will this neutrino evidence support or detract from Heim Theory, which also predicts multiple dimensions?

    1. Re:Heim theory? by flex941 · · Score: 1

      Amanda + Heim = composer.

      Don't believe? See yourself

  17. Actually by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Peon: We've counted 12 possible events out of 789,567,345,754,234,567,876 (est) neutrinos passing thru the detector.

    TS: Hmm, that's as expected, totally useless number of events to draw any inferences from. Keep at it.

    I think you were joking, but astrophysicists extracted a surprising amount of information from the 19 neutrinos observed from Supernova 1987A.
    1. Re:Actually by Ancient_Hacker · · Score: 1
      Yes, they did. But that's only because before that there was near to absolutely NO information about neutrino bursts, and this rare occurrence is just what they needed. Any addition of information to nearly nothing is a big additon.

      In this case there's no convenient source of neutrino burts. Just a huge constant flood. It's much harder to draw conclusions when you can't turn off the source!

  18. Communicating with other dimensions. by ROMRIX · · Score: 0

    The year; 2008 A.D.

    Scientists at the South Pole have just had a major breakthrough in proving the existence of other dimensions when a message was received at the IceCube facility from an alternate dimension!

    The message was as follows;

    ALL YOUR BASE ARE BELONG TO ME!

    1. Re:Communicating with other dimensions. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean "ALL YOUR BASE ARE BELONG TO US". "To Me" just removes the fun of it.

    2. Re:Communicating with other dimensions. by ROMRIX · · Score: 1

      yea, whatever...

    3. Re:Communicating with other dimensions. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative
      "TO ME"? WTF?


      It's "TO US". Dumbshit.

    4. Re:Communicating with other dimensions. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh? really? you got the same message?
      get a life fucktard.

  19. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "More junk is being built there all the time."

    What do you think is creating the "hole" in the ozone layer? I've always wanted to know how the CFCs out of my hair spray gets to the south pole.

  20. I already have proof of String Theory by Brad1138 · · Score: 3, Funny
    --
    If you could reason with religious people, there would be no religious people
  21. Falsifiable by Cybersaint2k · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Religion that hides so far from rationality and logic that it become non-falsifiable, unproven and unprovable, is hardly the robust Christianity I find in the Bible.

    If you find internal consistency (within the dogma of a religion, including their trusted documents) and external consistency with the outer (earth/cosmos) and inner (conscience/mind) world, then you can start taking it seriously.

    Ordinary Christianity has its share of mystery and hyper-rational statements (that is, statements that seem to be beyond 19th century rationalism to fully unpack/understand), it seems to be extremely falsifiable and, to different degrees depending on your presuppositions, provable.

    But that's just me.

    1. Re:Falsifiable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, but most of the claims in the Bible have been so thoroughly refuted that the choices left are to
      a) ignore science and insist the Bible is inerrant (what we might call the "fundy" route
      b) throw out most of the Bible and make your god into something that is inherently untestable, undisprovable, and ultimately impotent

    2. Re:Falsifiable by CRCulver · · Score: 1

      Indeed, Richard Swinburne, Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of Religion at Oxford, has dedicated the last thirty years to showing that theism in general and Christianity in particular is provable. For instance, in The Resurrection of God Incarnate (Oxford University Press, 2003), he uses a number of sources plus the Bayesian theorem to show that the traditional Christian teaching of Christ's return from death is overwhelmingly probable. Anyone with the slightest education in philosophy can enjoy his argument.

      Responsiblity and Atonement (Oxford University Press, 1989), his first book on specifically Christian themes, is a bit more obscure for the layman but rewards attention.

    3. Re:Falsifiable by Filip22012005 · · Score: 1

      If you find internal consistency (within the dogma of a religion, including their trusted documents) and external consistency with the outer (earth/cosmos) and inner (conscience/mind) world, then you can start taking it seriously.

      For a list of internal bible inconsistencies, visit http://www.skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/by_na me.html
      For a list of inconsistencies between the bible and history/science, visit http://www.skepticsannotatedbible.com/science/long .html

      --
      When the policeman of the tie, rule you violate, hello punishment of the kitty?
    4. Re:Falsifiable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's silly. By the Bayesian Occam's Razor, theological hypotheses are disfavored, once you take into account the space of all possible predictions (not just the resurrection or whatnot), because they fail to be specific in the vast majority of cases, and you end up diluting the prior. (An example of this is the Ikeda/Jefferys fine tuning argument.)

    5. Re:Falsifiable by Lifewish · · Score: 4, Insightful
      If you find internal consistency (within the dogma of a religion, including their trusted documents) and external consistency with the outer (earth/cosmos) and inner (conscience/mind) world, then you can start taking it seriously.
      Thanks for validating my acceptance of Flying Spaghetti Monsterism. May you always be touched by His Noodly Appendage!

      No seriously. The filter you propose wouldn't even catch the travesty that was epicycles. There's a reason why Occam's razor is such an integral part of scientific philosophy.

      [/flamebait]
      --
      For the love of God, please learn to spell "ridiculous"!!!
    6. Re:Falsifiable by Schemat1c · · Score: 4, Funny

      ...the robust Christianity I find in the Bible.

      Yeah, I especially liked the part where Jesus went around hiding dinosaur bones to test our faith. He's such a scamp that Jesus.

      --

      "Nobody knows the age of the human race, but everybody agrees that it is old enough to know better." - Unknown
    7. Re:Falsifiable by CRCulver · · Score: 1

      You should still see Swinburne's argument (repeated in a very concise notation in the appendix), because many of his peers, even those skeptic about using the probability calculus in philosophy, have found it convincing. Surely the book is available in your university library.

    8. Re:Falsifiable by Cybersaint2k · · Score: 1

      Zinging off-topic at the speed of light>>>>>

      The lists at skepticsannotatedbible are not helpful. As the managing editor of a study Bible project, I reviewed them as a helpful place to start explaining the puzzlers of the Bible. I intended to write notes to "explain" anything that they highlighted as confusing.

      I found that there was nothing to say in most cases because the skeptic had read the text in the most pejorative way possible. It was the writers preconceived notions of what the Bible "really meant!" that made him think that compatible accounts of an event in the life of Christ or the resurrection or of creation are examples of formal logical fallacies.

      In the few cases where the skeptic had found a legitimately confusing passage (and there are dozens of examples), I inserted comments showing that the writer was intentionally topical instead of chronological, or that he intentionally misspelled the name to make it rhyme with the character flaw that was causing his downfall, or whatever.

      For all the blather and bulletpoints of skepticsannotatedbible.org, they offer very little help to the reasonable person looking for answers.

      Here's what they SHOULD have done. If they would have shown one--just one--legitimate formal logical fallacy, then the chase would be on. I mean an A is not equal to not-A sort of situation here. But not only they, but no one--cults and Islam have searched the Bible for genuine errors for two thousand years--have found that smoking gun.

      If it's found, I hope I find it. I'm a bit scholarly, respected among my peers--I could convince more people of the truth than someone with an atheist hat on. It's all about the truth. It has to be.

    9. Re:Falsifiable by crazyeddie740 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      >>has dedicated the last thirty years to showing that theism in general and Christianity in particular is provable.

      There is a difference between "provable" and "falsifible". Science never *proves* something right. It only fails to prove something wrong. Only mathematics and philosophy prove anything, and even those proofs are founded on unproven axioms with unknown truth value. (Sure, 2+2=4 is true, but is 2 true? When's the last time you saw a free-range two?)

      The current body of scientific theory at any given time is the simplest theory that has not yet been falsified by the observed data. Given Occam's Razor, this means that the current body of theory is the most likely to be true of any known theory. That is only a probablity, not a certainty.

      "God exists" is unfalsifible, given most definitions of God. He's basically a benevolent version of Laplace's Demon, so could hide from any search we mere mortals could construct. However, "God does not exist" is falsifible. "God does not exist" is simpler than "God does exist" - you have fewer entities. What Creationists/ID "theorists" claim is that they *have* falsified the theory that "God does not exist". But I believe (and most Slashdotters would agree, methinks) that nobody has convincingly falsified the "God does not exist" theory to this date. So, the likelist theory to be true is that God does not exist.

      However, faith allows us to believe in statements that are not likely to be true. This is called "prudential justification" in philosophical circles. One example of this is Pascal's Wager. Admittedly, it's a *bad* example, because Pascal screwed up the theology (it takes more than just belief to get into heaven, so an incorrect choice *will* cost you some). But you could resurrect it by saying that believing that God exists makes me *really* happy, while believing that God doesn't exist makes me *really* sad.

      Just don't expect us to share your faith-based belief though. The existence of God might affect peoples' feelings in different ways...

    10. Re:Falsifiable by Doc+Ri · · Score: 1

      Some minor inconsistencies are also nicely pointed out in this nice rendition of the holy bible.

      For instance here

      .
      --
      617B3B7F7E7C7D7F00EOF
    11. Re:Falsifiable by Faux_Pseudo · · Score: 1

      Deut 24:16 vs John 3:16

    12. Re:Falsifiable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, well, "Philosophical Proof of God #34557" is not terribly interesting to me, and probability skeptics are not the ones whose opinions on probability theory are very relevant anyway. And besides, Swinburne has already published a flawed "fine tuning" design argument that was refuted by both the Ikeda/Jefferys proof and also by Sober, which does not favorably predispose me to Swinburne's grasp of Bayesian probability.

    13. Re:Falsifiable by crazyeddie740 · · Score: 1

      >>he uses a number of sources plus the Bayesian theorem to show that the traditional Christian teaching of Christ's return from death is overwhelmingly probable.

      Credible evidence of Jesus's ressurection would go along way to falsifying "God does not exist". However... Aside from some mention in the Testimonium Flavianum (wikipede it, that's how I found out about it), the only source we have on Jesus's life is the Gospels. And there, at the very least, is a large minority opinion that the Testimonium Flavianum mentions were forgeries, inserted by later Christan monks. I won't go as far as some and say that there was no historical Jesus (Christians have no monopoly on dumbasses!), but I do rather question the Gospels being objective observers. Especially when it comes to the resurrection.

      I'm just picturing it: the Inner Circle of Apostles is having their first meeting after the crucifiction. The Big Guy is dead. The Romans are probably looking for them. The rank and file is demoralized, and the apostles aren't in much better shape. Now what?

      I'm no biblical scholar, but just how many people saw Jesus, post-resurrection? Is it possible that the Inner Circle hatched a desperate conspiracy to save Jesus's life work? Could you blame them if they did?

      This is admittedly just speculation on my part. There is no way of knowing what exactly happened. There just isn't enough information. Even if you had a time machine, how are you going to get into such a secret meeting? If you want to believe that Christ *was* resurrected, to *have faith*, I won't argue with you. But I'm highly suspicious of any "proof" or "convincing evidence" that he was.

    14. Re:Falsifiable by stfvon007 · · Score: 1

      What about.....
      C. Develop a theory of god that involves an alternate universe/Dimention compatable with string theory and currently accepted universal models. In this alternate universe different universal laws exist (speed of light is infinite, infinite energy exists, and there is a creature made up of the infinate energy and can use it at will, and is therefore all powerful.)

      --
      All misspellings and grammatical errors in the above post are intentional and part of my artistic expression.
    15. Re:Falsifiable by iq+in+binary · · Score: 1

      There's a reason why Occam's razor is such an integral part of scientific philosophy.

      Which I assume you take to mean: "All things being equal, the simplest explanation tends to be the correct one."

      When in reality, Occams Razor states: "Though shalt not pluralize needlessly."

      The former is what everyone assumes to be Occam's Razor. It's a travesty, really.

      --
      Of all the Universal Constants, here's one I know: Nice guys finish last ;)
    16. Re:Falsifiable by mav[LAG] · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If you want to have your criticism of ancient documents taken seriously, you need years of experience in (among other discplines): the ancient languages those documents were written in, the archaeology of the time, historical method, at least some sociology and hopefully some textual analysis skills. The message of the Bible can be understood by anybody (intentionally I believe) but if you want to be a critic of the text then you need to have a working knowledge of all of the above areas of research as well as a firm grasp of the standards and methods by which all ancient literature is treated.

      Unfortunately your "fallacy" fails even a cursory examination. The two verses are written in different languages at different times in different styles to different audiences about different things. I suppose if you try hard enough you could find something contradictory (if you try and do the same with other ancient documents, modern scholars will treat your findings with contempt).

      Deut 24:16 says (ESV): "Fathers shall not be put to death because of their children, nor shall children be put to death because of their fathers. Each one shall be put to death for his own sin."

      The whole book of Deuteronomy is a vassal treaty between a stronger party (God) and a weaker one (Israel) that follows the exact form of other treaties of the day. The parties are introduced, conditions are laid down for the period of rule, expected behaviour and punishments for deviations are discussed, and "out clauses" are specified. 24:16 is one of the miscellaneous laws that Israel were expected to obey and it emphasises that personal responsibility for capital crimes remains with the person and the person alone - unlike other cultures of the day where the whole family was slaughtered along with the miscreant. Understanding all the nuances of this law takes years: you need to know the history of Israel, the form of vassal treaties, the structure and purpose of OT Law and you should at least be able to read it in the original. But from the translation and the context, it's pretty clear: if you're guilty of a capital offence, you are the one that dies - and no-one else.

      John 3:16 (ESV) says : "For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life."

      OK, I see the "fallacy." Sons are not to be put to death for the sins of the fathers! Is that it? Well there's a major problem with that view and it is this: Jesus was executed in accordance with this law! Neither his mother nor earthly father nor any of his brothers were killed when he was found guilty of blasphemy. He and he alone went to the cross.

      If you're trying to say claim that the laws God gave to Israel during the time of Moses now suddenly apply to God himself and his relationship with his Son 1200-odd years later, then you a) haven't listened during vassal treaty class (treaty rules NEVER apply in reverse) b) need to point out evidence of God the Father's "sin" somewhere (Jesus is dying for the sin of his Father remember?) and c) have possibly missed the point that Jesus was not guilty of blasphemy but voluntarily laid down his life on behalf of others.

      Conclusion: not only is this not a valid objection, it actually sheds some light in the other direction: whatever the Jewish leadership of the day did wrong, they were certainly not guilty of violating the Mosaic law on personal responsibility when they handed Christ over to the Romans to be executed.

      --
      --- Hot Shot City is particularly good.
    17. Re:Falsifiable by squeemey · · Score: 1
      I can not buy any "argument from authority" dealing with any subject.

      "Intimidation is the tool of fools" - Runchummey.

      Also, in any religion is the fact that men (humans) have written the "holy" books. To believe they (men) have written down the absolute truth not subject to personal beliefs, is the greatest fallicy. Man wrote the texts. Man translated the texts, a very inexact science. Just being knowledgable in a subject does not preclude fallicy from existing.

      You can only believe without reason that "God" had a hand in their writings to justify any claims made.

      --
      Bill
    18. Re:Falsifiable by cagle_.25 · · Score: 1
      I don't want to engage in a debate about inconsistencies in the Bible, but I would ask you to join me in deprecating the "skeptics annotated bible" as a reliable source.

      I had a student this year who wanted to write a paper about violence in a particular film and constrast it with violence in the book of Proverbs. Trouble was, this student is Korean. His English is good, but not good enough to notice that the "skeptics annotated bible", which he stumbled on through a Google search, contains bizarre mistranslations and highly tendentious interpretations.

      As a result, he had to rewrite his paper.

      It's one thing to express one's opinions about the meaning of the Bible. It's another thing to do a hatchet job and present it as a reliable source.

      Bleh.

      --
      Human being (n.): A genetically human, genetically distinct, functioning organism.
    19. Re:Falsifiable by cagle_.25 · · Score: 1

      ...right, that part. Where was that in the Bible, again?

      --
      Human being (n.): A genetically human, genetically distinct, functioning organism.
    20. Re:Falsifiable by cagle_.25 · · Score: 1
      Do some research on epicycles. One of the reasons Galileo had a hard time gaining a hearing was that the "epicycle theory" worked for reliably predicting crop planting times and such.

      Which is not to say that it's the best theory; just that the Galileo affair was not a simple matter of obvious truth v. obvious falsehood.

      --
      Human being (n.): A genetically human, genetically distinct, functioning organism.
    21. Re:Falsifiable by benjamindees · · Score: 1

      The filter you propose wouldn't even catch the travesty that was epicycles.

      Sure it did. Not immediately, but eventually:

      external consistency with the outer (earth/cosmos) ... world

      --
      "I assumed blithely that there were no elves out there in the darkness"
    22. Re:Falsifiable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Epicycles are still consistent with the outside world; you can come up with an epicycle theory to describe any kind of celestial motion. They were tossed in favor of Newton because they weren't predictive, not because they were falsified.

    23. Re:Falsifiable by myowntrueself · · Score: 1

      Ok, you seem to know what you are talking about.. would you like to give some explanation of the bit in the second book of kings, chapter 2, which on the face of it seems to be about God sending a couple of bears to slaughter 42 children for merely insulting a prophet?

      Thanks!

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    24. Re:Falsifiable by Faux_Pseudo · · Score: 1

      Wow, that was great. You managed to say it didn't matter because the two were differant langauges and as such they can't be comaired for your needs. Using the same logic then the intir OT must be thrown out from this debate. Which means that JC can't be who he claims he is because there is no OT to support the need for a new King.

      Ok so that we don't repeat my same error lets try the same laguange. Luke 3:23+ vs Matthew 1:17+

    25. Re:Falsifiable by mrpeebles · · Score: 1

      Not to mention that even if there was evidence that he was resurrected, it seems that in practice it would always be more plausible to assume that you were somehow fooled or swindled.

      But God is more than all powerful. He is also the ultimate moral authority. In other words, it seems to me not enough to scientifically prove that Jesus was resurrected (which I suppose could in principle be possible to do.) It is the cosmic significance of Jesus's resurrection that is important, and this still cannot be scientifically investigated.

    26. Re:Falsifiable by Cybersaint2k · · Score: 1

      I'll take a shot at this only by saying that this is not an example of a contradiction or anything like would impact string theory OR the falsification of the Bible. It's just a head-scratcher. A puzzler.

      Very very briefly:

      I first look at the context. Elisha has just been annointed as the chief prophet of Israel. He comes down and in the first few verses, he brings life to a spring of poisoned water. His blessing brings life and hope for the whole community living nearby. His blessings bring life to every person traveling down that road, thirsty.

      Then he brings death to Israel, perhaps even that same community. As he leaves, this group of punks come up and yell "Go away, baldy!" and the like. They say "Go away" showing they were likely from the previous area. Elisha curses them, showing God's power over nature to end threats to his prophets and his covenant community.

      It was a really, really bad idea to make fun of the main representative of God on earth. God brings life to those who accept Elisha's authority, he brings death to those who reject God's ambassador.

      The bears mauling them is freaky. No doubt.

    27. Re:Falsifiable by Jeff+DeMaagd · · Score: 1

      The thing is, that doesn't matter, I don't think it does. It seems that it is generally the fundementalists that are trying to push the idea of creationism, but there is plenty of room for interpreting the creation accounts as metephorical. In fact, in Genesis, there are two creation accounts, if you take both as literal, then they contradict, so at least one must be a metaphor or non-literal. The Bible doesn't need to mention previous life because it isn't important to the story it is trying to tell.

      I really wonder why the fundementalist movement as a whole doesn't also push for the idea that the earth is flat or that the universe circles the earth, because that would simply be another case that allows them to claim a metaphor as literal, but the evidence for that is harder to brush off.

    28. Re:Falsifiable by mav[LAG] · · Score: 1

      Sure. Heres the passage in question:

      He went up from there to Bethel, and while he was going up on the way, some small boys came out of the city and jeered at him saying "Go up you baldhead! Go up you baldhead!" And he turned around and when he saw them he cursed them in the name of the Lord. And two she-bears came out of the woods and mauled forty-two of them.

      First point: the Hebrew does not say "small boys". It's a bad translation. Isaac, Joseph and even men in the army in 1 Kings were described using this term - all were demonstrably older than what we think of as "small boys" - as much as thirty years old! Secondly, Elisha was not some mean old man. He was only in his mid-twenties when this incident happened. There's also more to the "baldy" insult than meets the eye since prophets went around with their heads covered. How could the crowd have known whether he was bald or not?

      Most importantly is the context of the incident. Elisha has just performed a miracle in the name of the Lord in nearby Jericho. A few miles away - in what was pretty much the centre of Baal worship in those days - he encounters a gang of hoodlums who deliberately insult him. It's not unlikely that this was an organised riot against the prophet. If forty-two were mauled, how many were in the crowd to begin with? A hundred? Five hundred? We don't know but it was certainly more than the number that were mauled.

      Already you can see how far this is from the usual objection. It normally goes something like: "Mean old man Elisha was jeered by some kids, lost his temper and arbitrarily called on some bears to teach them a lesson. How can I respect someone like that?"

      It's much more likely to be this: "Elisha performs a miracle at Jericho. Word of this gets to the local hotbed of Baal worship on a few miles away and there's an organised riot of at least fifty young men (possibly prophets of Baal) that opposes him as he passes by. He curses them for their unbelief and opposition and God pronounces the judgement."

      HTH.

      --
      --- Hot Shot City is particularly good.
    29. Re:Falsifiable by mav[LAG] · · Score: 1

      Wow, that was great. You managed to say it didn't matter because the two were differant langauges and as such they can't be comaired for your needs.

      I didn't even remotely claim that. Read what I said again.

      Using the same logic then the intir OT must be thrown out from this debate. Which means that JC can't be who he claims he is because there is no OT to support the need for a new King.

      Except you haven't used logic at all. I made the point (very clearly I thought) that the two verses were so vastly different in style, context, audience and tone as to be not worth comparing. One is part of a treaty between God and Israel - and God and Israel only, the other is a saying of Jesus; one is a law specifically repudiating the behaviour of other cultures of the day, the other is the gospel in a nutshell. Like I said, if you try this kindegarten technique with other ancient literature you will be laughed at by historians and archaeologists alike.

      Ok so that we don't repeat my same error lets try the same laguange. Luke 3:23+ vs Matthew 1:17+

      There are plenty of ways of reconciling the two genealogies of Jesus as given in these two passages. And unsurprisingly the vast majority of so-called problems disappear when you realise that a) Matthew's is written in a specific Jewish rote style for easy memorising b) the word "begat" really means progenitor which leaves room for gaps (Jewish genealogies are rarely exhaustive) and c) a proper understanding of how Levirate marriage worked in those days. Besides, Luke is the most accurate and reliable historian who ever lived - bar none. Time and time again he makes claims that could not possibly have been true - until we dug up the relevant inscription or unearthed the right documents. Historians have to be very very cautious about doubting him given his track record.

      --
      --- Hot Shot City is particularly good.
    30. Re:Falsifiable by mav[LAG] · · Score: 1

      I can not buy any "argument from authority" dealing with any subject.

      Actually, we all do every day to a greater or lesser extent. We believe the authoritative voice from the man in the traffic helicopter because he has a better view and that's his job. I believe Einstein was telling the truth about General Relativity. I believe and respect the opinions of true experts all the time but here's the rub: only when the evidence backs up what they say.

      The fallacious argument from authority goes something like this: A says X. A is respected. Therefore X is true. Of course the fact that A is respected has nothing whatever to do with whether X is true or not. But if A has spent a lifetime studying everything about X then I'm going to treat his opinion with a great deal more respect, especially if he can show evidence to back up what he's been saying.

      Also, in any religion is the fact that men (humans) have written the "holy" books. To believe they (men) have written down the absolute truth not subject to personal beliefs, is the greatest fallicy.

      There's a scale you can construct of all the possible ways a divine being could communicate with humans. At the one end, he could reveal himself directly and personally in his full glory to everyone on Earth. At the other end would be some kind of formal mathematical method using symbols. The problem with the personal revealing is that we can't actually cope with that kind of contact with the supernatural, and the problem with the other is that it's not accessible. In the middle is natural language backed up by events in space-time history - the most accessible to anyone and the most effective way of communicating. I think the direct authorship of divine texts is actually the least reliable of all the methods because you then have to trust someone (normally a single person) who is claiming that God appeared to them and "here's what he says guys!"

      If you want to claim the New Testament documents (for sake of example) are riddled with errors and personal beliefs, then you need to come up with reasonable alternatives for the events they describe, most notably that an extraordinary man who claimed to be God incarnate lived in 1st century Palestine, was executed for blasphemy and rose from the dead. I'm not saying there aren't difficult bits - far from it - but in each case of doubt the Christian explanation is either one of a number of competing ones or the most plausible explanation.

      Just being knowledgable in a subject does not preclude fallicy from existing.

      Of course not. But you're applying a higher standard to the Bible than to other ancient literature. There are widely accepted methods for historians, textual experts and archaeologists which apply to all ancient documents. The Bible is no different. Nobody is silly enough to claim Julius Caesar didn't exist, despite the fact that we have only a handful of copies of his Gallic Wars that date from nearly a millenium after he lived. But when we have tens of thousands of copies of eyewitness accounts of this man Jesus dated from just a few years after he lived, suddenly everyone comes up with all kinds of excuses.

      --
      --- Hot Shot City is particularly good.
    31. Re:Falsifiable by Lifewish · · Score: 1

      I am aware that Occam's razor is a Rule of Least Entities. My comment stands.

      --
      For the love of God, please learn to spell "ridiculous"!!!
    32. Re:Falsifiable by ShakaUVM · · Score: 1

      Reasoning by Occam's Razor, i.e. treating it as a law is a fallacy.

      Proof that Occam's Razor is not a valid argument.

      Occam's Razor: Given A and B, such that A or B is true, but not both, such that A is "simpler than" B -> A is true.

      Given two sets of solutions to problems in the world, one set contains the simple answers, the other contains the corresponding complicated answers. If in any case the complicated answer is correct, then Occam's Razor is an invalid form of argumentation.

      If you have any experience with computer science, you know that sometimes during debugging the complicated answer is the correct one. Or, in science, the French Academy of Science rejected the notion of meteorites for many years due to reasoning from Occam's Razor.

      Hence Occam's Razor can not and should not be used as if it were a logical law.

      Occam's Razor can/should only be used as a standard to determine the burden or amount of proof of a theory. If a paper claims that bigfoot is real, I'll need to see a lot more proof than if a paper claims they've discovered a new kind of bear.

      Bugs the hell out of me when people claim something is true due to Occam's Razor.

    33. Re:Falsifiable by Cybersaint2k · · Score: 1

      That's already been done by Christians. It seems to have two locations in it called heaven and hell.

    34. Re:Falsifiable by Lifewish · · Score: 1

      I don't think this is an accurate representation of Occam's Razor - apart from anything else, science doesn't do "true", it's just does "best explanation". It's more like:

      For a multifunction F from the set of inputs of a system to the set of outputs of a system (i.e. the data we posess about the system), define a set of postulates E as being an explanation for the system if using those postulates as constraints for the system does not exclude any valid input/output pair in F. Define an ordering "simplicity" on the family of explanations as E E' iff E contains fewer postulates than E' ("fewer" isn't necessarily well-defined, but hey). Then assume the least element of the family of explanations for a given multifunction to be true until other data presents itself.

      Of course, there's another approach that is also used in science:

      For an explanation E, define F_E as the multifunction of input/output pairs that are not excluded by E. Define a partial ordering E = E' iff F_E is a subset of F_E'. Then for any chain in the related poset and any data multifunction F0, the least element E0 of the chain such that F0 is a partial function of F_E0 is the most scientifically valid explanation.

      Translated: always choose the most falsifiable explanation.

      I'm pretty sure that the second approach isn't a corollary of the first, so I'd say that the valid approach is to apply some kind of product of the two to produce a new partial ordering. Scientific hypothesising then becomes a trade-off between lowering the number of necessary postulates and lowering the number of possible alternative outcomes. Epicycles score badly on *both* counts, and I personally would say that belief in God does too.

      Why yes, I am a mathematician (maths student anyway). How did you guess?

      --
      For the love of God, please learn to spell "ridiculous"!!!
    35. Re:Falsifiable by myowntrueself · · Score: 1

      Freaky indeed.

      I just don't understand how anyone can take the 'moral superiority' of such an entity seriously...

      Its always seemed to me as if the 'god' of the old testament were nothing more than the deciever himself...

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    36. Re:Falsifiable by ShakaUVM · · Score: 1

      >Define an ordering "simplicity" on the family of explanations as E E' iff E
      >contains fewer postulates than E' ("fewer" isn't necessarily well-defined, but
      >hey). Then assume the least element of the family of explanations for a given
      >multifunction to be true until other data presents itself.

      As I said, there's an entire set of problems by which the more complex/convoluted/whatever solution is the correct answer, so concluding that one is true (even using the scientific, not the mathematic, meaning of the word) is a logically invalid argument.

      As I said, it should be used solely to set the burden of proof for an idea.

      But overall, it smacks solely as a way for people to lend their "everyone knows X is true" some vague scientific/logical justification, since determining what is simpler is pretty much in the eye of the beholder. I'm not sure what belief the French Academy had that they rejected the theory of meteorites on the ground of, but whatever it was, I'm sure it was "simpler" in some way or another.

    37. Re:Falsifiable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    38. Re:Falsifiable by squeemey · · Score: 1
      I'm sorry, but I disagree with your pseudo-reasoning.

      You are equationg belief with faith. Big difference!

      And you are positing a "devine being" to construct an arbitrary nonsense scale.

      "If you want to claim the New Testament documents (for sake of example) are riddled with errors and personal beliefs, then you need to come up with reasonable alternatives for the events they describe,...."

      Sorry, that is not the way logic works, IMO.

      There is an important difference between documents written at the time of an event and those written several centuries after an event.

      In addition, the "bible" is a collection of writings selected by a panel of church heirarchy (Council of Nicene 300 - 400 AD?) that determined which writings were to be included in the bible and which were left out.

      The statement " But when we have tens of thousands of copies of eyewitness accounts of this man Jesus dated from just a few years after he lived,..." is simply not true.

      Finally, I am not an athiest. I am a nontheist. It is silly to argue the the existance or non-existance of a god. If you need to believe in one, more power to you. Enjoy.

      --
      Bill
    39. Re:Falsifiable by mav[LAG] · · Score: 1

      You are equationg belief with faith. Big difference!

      And why should I listen to your definition?

      And you are positing a "devine being" to construct an arbitrary nonsense scale.

      No, I'm claiming that if a divine being wanted to communicate with man then the most accessible way is through natural language and historical events.

      "If you want to claim the New Testament documents (for sake of example) are riddled with errors and personal beliefs, then you need to come up with reasonable alternatives for the events they describe,...."
      Sorry, that is not the way logic works, IMO.
      There is an important difference between documents written at the time of an event and those written several centuries after an event.


      Centuries? The NT was complete in its present form as early as 100 AD and the majority of the writings that comprise it were already circulating 30-40 years before this. Much of the NT is historical narrative so it's easy to cross-check with other historians and archeaological evidence.

      In addition, the "bible" is a collection of writings selected by a panel of church heirarchy (Council of Nicene 300 - 400 AD?) that determined which writings were to be included in the bible and which were left out.

      A common misconception. Here is a fuller description.

      The statement " But when we have tens of thousands of copies of eyewitness accounts of this man Jesus dated from just a few years after he lived,..." is simply not true.

      Sure it is. The NT describes historical events from the point of view of eyewitnesses. And yes there are 24 000 copies extant. I'll leave out the 80-odd thousand quoted fragments in other writings for simplicity.

      Finally, I am not an athiest. I am a nontheist. It is silly to argue the the existance or non-existance of a god. If you need to believe in one, more power to you. Enjoy.

      I don't need to believe in a God - I'm simply compelled to trust this extraordinary man's claims based on a thorough examination of all the available evidence. You are welcome to call my claims silly but you haven't shown a scrap of evidence for doing so. In short, you seem to have a great deal of faith.

      --
      --- Hot Shot City is particularly good.
  22. Sigh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    New Scientist sure has created a lot of Heim groupies.

    The fact is, pretty much nobody knows what the hell Heim theory predicts. Most of his theory was never published or reviewed by his peers. We don't even know if his theory is self-consistent, whether the predictions hyped by New Scientist or the Internet "Heim appreciation society" that's pushing it are actually predictions of the theory, etc. For that matter, hardly anybody knows what the definition of the theory is.

    Just because some people have made a bunch of wild claims about what Heim theory can predict, doesn't mean it's something to get excited about. Nor does Heim's reputation. Schroedinger himself thought he had come up with a unified field theory, called a big press conference, privately spoke of winning a second Nobel Prize. Some reporter asked Einstein what he thought, and he responded with a carefully worded response to the effect that one shouldn't get the impression that physics is like unstable Third World dictatorships, always experiencing revolutions. Schroedinger's theory didn't pan out and the two stopped corresponding for over a year.

    1. Re:Sigh by sploxx · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I can only agree with this. The most important finding of this Mr. Heim seems to be a formula to derive the masses of all elementary particles. I n the various (crackpot) sources on the net, it is alleged that this formula has been numerically evaluated with a computer program at CERN, yielding the exact masses.

      Now, there is NO paper or source code available which does this. Hermetism, no thank you, this is the strongest indicator that its simply bunk.

    2. Re:Sigh by TheNarrator · · Score: 1

      The fact is, pretty much nobody knows what the hell Heim theory predicts.

      Actually, Heim Theory predicts that if you get a really big magnet of 20 tesla or so and spin it real fast you'll negate gravity to some extent over a specific area. This is an actual testable hypothesis. This is the hypothesis outlined in the AAIA award winning paper. So far string theory has no testable hypothesis. All that needs to happen is for somebody which such equipment to test out the theory. Which means a large gov lab or something like that.

      String Theory: No experimentally testable hypothesis
      Heim Theory: Experimentally Testable Hypothesis

      Ok which one is more scientific and which one is just a bunch of math?

  23. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by imsabbel · · Score: 3, Informative

    The really cool thing about the very thick ice on the south pole is that beneath the few douzend meters of surface layer, its incredibly pure and transparent.

    Now if a neutrino causes a shower of cherenkow radiations, it can be detected many many meters away.
    So instead of building huge watertanks in deep mines, one can use the deeper ice layers as a large detector.

    You just melt holes into it and put photodetectors in a grid pattern, and get billions of tons of detector mass (which you need because low chance of neutrino interaction with matter)

    --
    HI O WISE PRINCE. WHT TOOK U SO DAM LONG?
  24. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No, and neither will any of the stories reported in the history of all Slashdot. If you only want to read about boring things, why are you reading Slashdot at all?

  25. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by csirac · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Will it stop the onward march of socialism?

    I'm confused by this one. There's an onward march of socialism? I thought it fascism ;)

  26. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by musonica · · Score: 2, Informative

    You may think we are only operating in 3+1 dimensions, perhaps our terms of understanding other dimensions are limited. These other dimensions are said to make matter what it is, for instance a certain multi-dimensional vibratory resonance pattern is what makes a hydrogen atom different from an atom of gold. (IAACST (I am a crackpot string theorist)). A dimension "is a parameter or measurement required to define the characteristics of an object" (wikipedia) so i tend to look at things like color, taste or emotion as other "dimensions", though perhaps this is sematics to some, or difficult comparing mathematics to the real world.

  27. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by oneiron · · Score: 1

    A functional understanding of the fundamental building blocks that make up our physical reality could do everything you've mentioned in your post...and a LOT more. It's like the atomic bomb x10, if you really think about it.

  28. I've got some string at home by hughbar · · Score: 2, Funny

    There's no need for all this deep theoretical work and all these expensive detectors. I've got plenty of string at home in a jam jar. If they ask nicely, they can have some; it's in this dimension too (I think..).

    --
    On y va, qui mal y pense!
  29. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by l2718 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    You essentially ask: what use is fundamental physics research?

    You can't ever predict what applications fundamental research will have on technology. Sometimes, things are immediate: after Roengten discovered X-rays in 1895, the medical application was obvious. On the other hand, in 1905 Einstein predicted that objects moving fast experience time dilation relative to stationary objects. In 1915 he also predicted that the same would hold for objects higher up in a gravitational well. This was completely irrelevant to then-current technology: Nothing man-made moved faster than 500mph, or got high enough off the ground, and anyway time couldn't be measured accurately enough for these effects to matter. Swing around to the 1980s. The US government is now launching the GPS system, which depends on exteremly precise timing synchronization between a satellite in orbit and the unit on the ground. It turns out that the two relativistic time-dilation effects have to be taken into account for the system to work at all. Who'd have thunk this in 1915?

    Moreover, progress is usually incremental. No single discovery will "cure HIV" or give us infinite energy. New physics beyond the standard model might have technological applications in 80 years. Does that mean we shouldn't discover it today?

  30. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by wbren · · Score: 4, Funny
    When did they build a Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? More junk is being built there all the time. Why not the North Pole region of Canada, the US or Russia?
    Santa's invisible workshop is already there. Since it is such a large operation, it takes up most of the real estate up there.
    --
    -William Brendel
  31. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by oneiron · · Score: 1

    Actually, now that I think about it... It could turn this planet into the socialist utopia that socialists have been dreaming about since the idea was concieved. That's not to say that we wouldn't encounter another economic game to participate in beyond our atmosphere. Oh wait... That's Star Trek. Oh wait.. science-fiction sometimes ends up being a little less strange than the truth, even...

  32. And in related news... by dc29A · · Score: 0

    The rapper Ice Cube decided to sue a bunch of scientists for trademark violation.

    1. Re:And in related news... by coastin · · Score: 1

      I was wondering why the rapper Ice Cube was mentioned in a /. post about evidence for a String Cheese Theory.

      --
      I lost my sig...
  33. Let me know by Zygote-IC- · · Score: 1

    Someone drop me a line when we can use this knowledge to do that Quantum Leap thing and jump around in our own lifetime.

    Then I can go back and warn myself not to:
    Write articles about how Apple is dying
    Buy a DIVX player from Circuit City
    Open the red door in that Choose Your Own Adventure book that ended in me being killed by that vampire that on the cover sort of looks like Boy George.

  34. Yes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Oh yes, I believe in the string theory. Without this I wouldn't be able to play on my Xbox 360

  35. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Gromius · · Score: 3, Informative

    I completely agree, at the time most fundamental physics research seems completely pointless at the time but often in 60-80 years time its extremely important. Take the example of quantum mechanics, in the early 1900s, researching into being able to explain the precise movements and behaviour of subattomic particles, effects so small they had no practical application in everyday life may have seemed a bit pointless. 60 years later the understanding this lead to the invention of the transistor, which some people might argue is of some importance in todays world.

    Anyway as an aside, evidence for extra dimensions != evidence for string theory. String theory isnt the only model which predicts extra dimensions. Evidence for no extra dimensions is evidence that string theory doesnt exist. However we'ld probably have to go to the planck scale to be sure which is probably impossible for the time being. Anyway we're far more likely to pick up string theory by the breaking of the E6 symetry group which produces extra massive neutral gauge bosons (Z').

    Just your friendly neighbourhood extra dimensional researcher (CDF expt, Fermilab)

  36. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by Screaming+Harlot · · Score: 2, Funny

    Because Santa is an ID-proponent, and refuses to allow such blasphemy to be conducted on his pristine icy shores.

  37. See "Not Even Wrong" Blog by pmjbf · · Score: 3, Informative
    This is discussed in this blog entry:

    http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=33 5

    A snippet of which is:

    The half a dozen references to string theory in the short press release might lead the gullible to think that we're about to be provided with evidence for the "exotic predictions of string theory", but that has little relationship to the reality here, one aspect of which of course is that there are no "predictions of string theory" about any of this.

    ...and which might be worth reading if this interests you.

    1. Re:See "Not Even Wrong" Blog by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      One should note that Woit's blog is, um, a little anti-string biased. (In fact, that's practically its entire reason for existence.) However, I think that on this issue, any string theorist would agree with him.

  38. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  39. Re:A qualified No. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    There are no string theories which make testable predictions; we don't really even know how to get measurable predictions from them.

    I think that hinges entirely on what you mean by "make testable predictions". I would say that the problem is that there are too many string theories that make predictions (most of which are nothing like our universe). What is needed is some way of focusing on which ones are "likely", in some sense, or in some way constraining the space of theories. (That's what the whole Landscape debate is about.)
  40. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    Will it stop the onward march of socialism?

    LOL. How the fuck will this good for humanity, you moron? Reds under the beds, PANIC STATIONS, omg!!1!!111!!11 They'll stop our corporate profits!!!!1

  41. Re:There are more string dimensions than S,M,L &am by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

    Dude, that's "G" String Theory, which is easily observable at the macro scale, the only detector needed being an eyeball.

    --
    The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
  42. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by boojumbadger · · Score: 1

    largely, I suspect, because the south pole is on land and the north pole is not. Also wouldn't there be more interference from nuclear subs passing by all the time?

  43. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by jr-slash · · Score: 1
    Since we're limited to moving 3 spatial dimensions, and a unidirectional path through the time dimension, wake me when somehow these 'extra' dimensions matter to humanity
    They matter if you are trying to find out why gravity is so weak when compared to the other 3 basic forces. If the other 3 are only "visible" in our 4 dimensions, but not in the other 6 (or 7), it would be logical for the gravity to be so weak.
    An other thing to keep in mind is, that there are excacly 3 spatial dimensions! It has to be this way since the basic rules of our Universe (eg. gravity ~ 1/(r*r) ) would be different. So you cannot have any existence in the other dimensions, which is similar to ours.
  44. Had to be done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I, for one, welcome our new highly charged overlords!

  45. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    An other thing to keep in mind is, that there are excacly 3 spatial dimensions! It has to be this way since the basic rules of our Universe (eg. gravity ~ 1/(r*r) ) would be different. So you cannot have any existence in the other dimensions, which is similar to ours.

    The extra dimensions spoken of are spatial dimensions, so there would be more than 3. Deviations from 1/r^2 would be seen, but only on scales smaller than the size of the extra dimensions. If the extra spatial dimensions beyond the 3 we see are small, they could exist but we wouldn't know it. We would be constantly be moving around in the extra dimensions as well as our 3, and not be able to tell.
  46. Re:There are more string dimensions than S,M,L &am by Dashing+Leech · · Score: 1
    "Dude, that's "G" String Theory, which is easily observable at the macro scale, the only detector needed being an eyeball."

    Yes, but an interesting principle of G-string Theory is that obvserving XXL and above strings can permanently destroy the measuring device, i.e., the eyeball, and hence can't readily be observed.

  47. I can't resist... by Lucre+Lucifer · · Score: 1

    I, for one, will enjoy playing Doom 3 in RL in Antarctica. Where's my BFG?

    1. Re:I can't resist... by Patrik_AKA_RedX · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry Lucre Lucifer, but the BFG is in another castle.

  48. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by sarragorn · · Score: 0

    what the fuck do you mean by "the third world from breeding like rats" and the "onward march of socialism" ?!
    what is your problem ?
    do you judge people on this planet by geographic or economic factors ?
    SO WHAT if THEY are breeding, you dont ?!
    this is the least we know for sure about life. that we multiply.
    are u a fag ?!
    do you feel a threat in socialism !?
    i thought "americans" were over that embarrasing b-movie episode.
    u are a true idiot me thinks.
    please don't have a nice day.

  49. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Chowderbags · · Score: 1

    Do we really need an atomic bomb x10? If that's all we can think to do with the new knowlege we might gain, is that really an improvement? Why must the immidiate first application of technology always seem to be better and better ways to kill people and break stuff? If that's the first thing we make with our exporations into new science, than we are no more civilized than out cavemen ancestors.

  50. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Just+Some+Guy · · Score: 1
    A dimension "is a parameter or measurement required to define the characteristics of an object" (wikipedia) so i tend to look at things like color, taste or emotion as other "dimensions"

    No. A physical interpretation of a dimension is a direction you can move in. We can't visualize a fourth physical dimension of travel any more than a creature who lived in a two dimensional plane world could visualize the direction "up from the plane / down from the plane".

    IAACST (I am a crackpot string theorist)).

    [crickets chirping]

    --
    Dewey, what part of this looks like authorities should be involved?
  51. Re:There are more string dimensions than S,M,L &am by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

    Yes, that's absolutely true, and furthermore such observance has been construed to induce direct physiological effects, such as hairy palms and thinning of the wallet.

    --
    The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
  52. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Frodo420024 · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Will it stop the onward march of socialism?

    Socialism? I thought that stopped decades ago...

    I find one potential use for those extra dimensions - a place where emotions, ghosts and the whole paranormal zoo can reside. There's quite a bit of stuff there which has no space whatsoever in Newton or Einstein style universes, but which people routinely relate to in a more or less systematic way. Would be nice to have a rational explanation for this stuff :)

    --
    I'm in a Unix state of mind.
  53. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I find one potential use for those extra dimensions - a place where emotions, ghosts and the whole paranormal zoo can reside. There's quite a bit of stuff there which has no space whatsoever in Newton or Einstein style universes, but which people routinely relate to in a more or less systematic way.

    None of those find refuge in the extra dimensions found in string theory or other physics theories, either.

    Would be nice to have a rational explanation for this stuff

    It's called "neuropsychology".
  54. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by oneiron · · Score: 1

    Maybe I should have been more specific. I was speaking in terms of the impact that the atomic bomb has had on our cultural and societal development. The way I see it, the bomb represents a fundamental shift in the way humans view the world. The potential for self-annihilation became a vivid reality, and in that same breath a windfall of scientific understanding and advancement has been pushing us forward for the last 50 years... Sorry for being so vague...

  55. String Theroy. by NtlgnceatWork · · Score: 1

    This would be a awasome discovery, I dont think that people actually realize what it is.. Its what everything breaks down to the smallest particles.. It could lead to things like replacators for anything.. If everything is made out of the same dozen high-energy neutrinos. Then to make anything one would only need to munipulate those 12 neutrinos to make anything imaginable.

    1. Re:String Theroy. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It could lead to things like replacators for anything.. If everything is made out of the same dozen high-energy neutrinos. Then to make anything one would only need to munipulate those 12 neutrinos to make anything imaginable.

      You're confused. This neutrino experiment won't imply that everything is made out of neutrinos. If string theory is correct, then everything (including neutrinos) is made out of strings, but that doesn't make replicators feasible. To make a replicator we would "only" need to manipulate protons, neutrons, and electrons, even without string theory; there is no need for those particles to all be the same thing. (We can transmute elements using nuclear physics, too, again without string theory, but this is not practical, and turning quarks into electrons using string theory is not only less useful, but is basically impossible using any conceivable future technology).
  56. So... by Ostien · · Score: 2, Funny

    Will Jerry O'Connell be involved in this one as well?

    --
    Reality is a big nasty dragon. Fortunately I don't believe in dragons.
  57. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by wertarbyte · · Score: 1

    There are some interesting implications if you think of a universe with a different number of dimensions: Take a 2-dimensional universe for example; There could be no form of life with an intestinal tract like we know, since it would cut the poor creature in two halfs.

    --
    Life is just nature's way of keeping meat fresh.
  58. A competing theory by ArikTheRed · · Score: 2, Funny
    1. Re:A competing theory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Man, that comic really weirded me out. I've met Fotini; her former husband is my former advisor. I wonder where Stephen Notley heard about her and loop quantum gravity ... and ... well ... what the hell inspired him to make that comic??

  59. Re:well is it Oneness? by bigpicture · · Score: 0

    Here we go again, with another round of science versus religion. This is only failure to see that they are not contridictory, only complimentary. In essence they are both one.

  60. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by musonica · · Score: 2, Interesting
    No. A physical interpretation of a dimension is a direction you can move in. We can't visualize a fourth physical dimension of travel any more than a creature who lived in a two dimensional plane world could visualize the direction "up from the plane / down from the plane".
    Sure, "A physical interpretation of a dimension is a direction you can move in" is an interpretatation as you say... as the wikipedia dimension article goes on to mention: "Generalizations of the concept are possible and, different fields of study will define their spaces by their own relevant dimensions, and use these spaces as frameworks upon which all other study (in that area) is based"

    I think Einstein did a good job of visualizing the 4th dimension (or space-time). I work in the time domain myself, for instance when I compose music. My point was that "perhaps our terms of understanding other dimensions are limited", at least by our framework of representation.

  61. No, we just have the potential to wear mexican hat by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (a little knowlege is a dangerous thing)

  62. Judge schnider by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    As for science versus religion, I am issuing a restraining order. Religion must remain 500 yards away from science at all times.

  63. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Doc+Ri · · Score: 2, Interesting

    You make a good point and I fully agree. In addition to possible applications there is something maybe even more important one could say in favour of fundamental research. It is part of human culture to ask fundamental questions and seek answers to them. Just as it is to create works of art or literature. There is more about human life than just doing business and building things useful for practical purposes.

    Unfortunately, this point is not made very often recently. Probably because scientists fear that this argument is all too easily dismissed as weak or a lame excuse. I think it is not. Otherwise one could next argue that theatres and galleries are useless and that we should print nothing but text books and reference manuals.

    --
    617B3B7F7E7C7D7F00EOF
  64. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1
    Since we're limited to moving 3 spatial dimensions

    Possibly only at low energies. At high enough energy we might find that we have 4+1, 5+1 or even more dimensions to move in.

    Will it build the space plane? Will it allow FTL travel, in real terms, not some sort of "it would work, if only we had an infinite energy source"? Will it cure HIV, will it stop the third world from breeding like rats? Will it stop the onward march of socialism?

    Unless we get out there and do the research how can we tell? We don't even know if extra dimensions exist let alone what we could use them for. I've often heard it said that the problem with trying to predict the future is that in the short term we generally greatly over estimate the march of progress but in the long term we under-estimate it. As an example think of the predictions for immediate bases on the moon and mars at the time of the lunar landings which have still not occurred and yet nobody at the time ever thought we'd have a global network of computers sharing information around the entire globe and revolutionising many aspects of modern life.

  65. Re:Neutrino Detector at the South Pole? by grcumb · · Score: 1

    "Santa's invisible workshop is already there. Since it is such a large operation, it takes up most of the real estate up there."

    Well, that and the Arctic Ocean, which makes real estate somewhat, er, mobile. 8^)

    --
    Crumb's Corollary: Never bring a knife to a bun fight.
  66. bash.org quote by kadathseeker · · Score: 1

    #352172 +(4691)- [X] I broke my G-string while fingering a minor :( ... I was trying to play Knocking on Heaven's Door. Oh well, time to buy new strings.

    --
    The 'Net is a waste of time, and that's exactly what's right about it. - William Gibson
  67. Many Consider Dr. Kaku Father Of String Theory by Halvy · · Score: 0

    If you have not listened to Theorectical Physicist Michio Kaku http://www.mkaku.org/ then you are in for QUIT a treat!!

    This man is absolutely brilliant in not just string theory, but space and time travel, and quantum physics.

    He states his belief in God, but will answer questions that he does not have 'facts' for with a: "I take a agnositc point of view on that matter.."

    LOL!! Even tho I don't understand hardly a darn thing the man says.. I KNOW you will enjoy listen/reading him if you do!! :)

    One interesting interview with him http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/advanced_c ivilization_become.html

    -- SlashDot's Moderation system is not broke, it is fixed.

    --
    I will gladly loose all of life's battles.. in order to win the war..
  68. predictions, evidence, and testing hypotheses by penguin-collective · · Score: 2, Insightful

    A correct prediction is not necessarily evidence for a theory; the prediction might be a tautology or it might be true of many other theories as well.

    For example, my hypothesis might be that Donald Trump's social security number is 666-66-6666. Now, I conduct an experiment in which I test the prediction that his social security number is not 123-45-6789 and the experiment succeeds. I have gotten a tiny bit of evidence for my original hypothesis, but it's so small as to be negligible.

    Well, with scientific theories, it's even worse because there are not just 1 billion of them but an infinite number--unless you do things exactly right, a successful prediction gives you no evidence for a scientific theory at all.

  69. String Theory Tombstone at aias.us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Dr. Myron Evans has produced a unified field theory of general relativity
    that merges gravity and electromagnetism in only 4 dimensions. See it at
    www.aias.us. The math is deep (You know Tensors and Tetrads, right?)

    1. Re:String Theory Tombstone at aias.us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dr. Myron Evans has produced a unified field theory of general relativity that merges gravity and electromagnetism in only 4 dimensions.

      Yeah, and he published it himself! (Neatly bypassing that pesky peer review.) And coauthored a paper with Usenet crank Tom Bearden.

      Besides which, nobody cares about unified field theories of GR and electromagnetism. Kaluza and Klein did that 80+ years ago; it requires 5 dimensions, but so what? What's needed is a unification of GR and the Standard Model.
    2. Re:String Theory Tombstone at aias.us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Evans published the book himself because Springer-Scientific broke a contract to publish the book.

      Evans' theory predicts many non-linear optical phenomena which are inexplicable according to MH theory.
      Evans' Theory unifies gravity, EM, and strong and weak forces. He does it in 4 dimensions.
      He also proves that the Heisenburg Uncertainty principle can be dispensed with in ECE formulation of GR. You seem to know something about this. You should read the book (2 more volumes of papers will
      be forthcoming) and if you find errors, send them to Evans for his response.

    3. Re:String Theory Tombstone at aias.us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Evans published the book himself because Springer-Scientific broke a contract to publish the book.

      Gee, I wonder why they did thatw.

      However, that wasn't what I was referring to. "Self-published" means "bypassing the peer reviewed journal literature". You can get all kinds of nonsense published if nobody knowledgeable has to check it first.
      Evans' Theory unifies gravity, EM, and strong and weak forces. He does it in 4 dimensions.

      Yeah, I bet he does. Another amazing contribution to fundamental physics by a non-physicist. You know, you can find a lot of those on Usenet, too.

      You should read the book (2 more volumes of papers will
      be forthcoming) and if you find errors, send them to Evans for his response.

      When he gets it published in a reputable journal, then I might spend time reading it. I'm sure not going to peer review it for him for free.
  70. Re:wake me when this matters to us 3d people by Just+Some+Guy · · Score: 1
    Generalizations of the concept are possible

    When a mathematician or physicist uses the adjective "general", it means that us mere mortals aren't going to understand it even if we think we do. It's like a code word that means that you shouldn't be tempted to draw an analogy between the world as you understand it and the hypothesis being explained, because it just won't work.

    I think Einstein did a good job of visualizing the 4th dimension (or space-time). I work in the time domain myself, for instance when I compose music.

    Sorry, but that's still not right. Yes, time is a dimension, but it's not your typical spatial metric like left/right, up/down, forward/backward, ana/kata (fourth dimension), etc.

    --
    Dewey, what part of this looks like authorities should be involved?
  71. Contradictions in genealogies by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Take a look at the geneaologies presented at the top of the following article:

    http://www.phlclub.com/forums/index.php?action=vth read&forum=3&topic=56

    Then take a look at the subsequent discussion of this issue (read the whole page, which mentions other contradictions as well).

    It's pretty clear that the two lists of "begats" are inconsistent with each other. Some of the minor inconsistencies can possibly be resolved around (as per the discussion of the genealogy of Mary versus Joseph in the page), but there are still many discrepancies.

    Note that the discussion on this page is quite readable, since the participants (both pro- and anti-Christian) are attempting to analyze logically, rather than emotionally, and are treating each other with respect. This discussion is not filled with pejoratives as many similar discussions are.

    Personally (and speaking as a skeptic), I agree that the Skeptic's Annotated Bible is clearly biased, and thus not really performing the job that its title proclaims. A follower of scientific skepticism should approach a subject neutrally, and examine the evidence rather than using verbal tricks to skew a reader's opinion (using emotion rather than evidence and logic). To take an emotional investment in one side or the other is to tempt oneself with distorting facts. The evidence should speak for itself.

    Personally, I think that there is ample evidence that the King James Bible is not the perfect, literal word of God, due to many inconsistencies that have yet to be explained. Note that even finding a single contradiction in it (such as the genealogical issues mentioned above) demonstrates that the "perfect, literal" viewpoint is false. I find the view of the Catholics (that the Bible is the word of God as interpreted and translated by less-than-perfect humans) much more plausible. At least, it's self-consistent, which the "bible is the literal truth" view is not, in light of the various contradictions. However, just because something is self-consistent doesn't mean that it is true. I have still not found sufficient evidence supporting even this view to convince me that, for instance, the Bible is true but the Koran, Talmud, etc. are false, so I have to consider myself an agnostic at this point.

  72. Looking for by catahoula10 · · Score: 0

    FTA:"that ghostlike particles from space could serve as probes to a world beyond our familiar three dimensions, the research team says." The science freeks should be carefull!! They just might find GOD in those other dimensions.

    --
    This has been another valuable and informative opinion from:
    Catahoula!
  73. Some comments from an Amandroid... by kievit · · Score: 5, Informative

    I work for AMANDA/IceCube. It's nice to see that our supercool experiment gets media attention, but there are a few statements in that article which need a comment or two. User davidoff404 already commented on the theoretical aspects of the article, so I will mostly limit myself to the experimental aspects.

    "No more than a dozen high-energy neutrinos have been detected so far."

    Actually, we see about 900 neutrino events per year. Their directions are homogeneously distributed over the sky and the energy spectrum is (still) compatible with the assumption that all these neutrinos were produced in interactions of high energy cosmic rays (protons, nuclei) with the Earth atmosphere (all around the globe). It might be that there are neutrinos among them from extraterrestrial sources, but individual events cannot be identified as such. We continue taking data until neutrino events from single extraterrestrial sources (or with higher energy than expected from atmospheric neutrinos) pile up enough such that they stick out over the atmospheric neutrino background.

    Note: we do not detect those neutrinos directly; they interact with the ice, and may convert into a "muon" (which is like an electron, only about 200 times heavier, and it decays after a little while). That muon still carries most of the neutrino's energy with it, so it flies practically with the speed of light through the ice, sending out Cherenkov light (the electromagnetic equivalent of a sonic boom) along the way. The tracks can be kilometers long. We only see the part of the track in or near our detector, so we can only estimate a lower limit of the energy of an individual muon. When the neutrino does not convert into a muon, then the energy is dissipated in a relatively small volume; which makes it much harder to estimate the direction, but easier to estimate the energy.

    (And of course those atmospheric neutrinos are not only background. We are happy to see them, as they prove that our detector is not blind. And we can use them to test the models of cosmic ray spectra and to study properties of neutrinos themselves.)

    AMANDA, funded by the National Science Foundation, attempts to detect neutrinos raining down from above but also coming "up" through the Earth. Neutrinos are so weakly interacting that some can pass through the entire Earth unscathed. The total number of "down" and "up" neutrinos is uncertain; however, barring exotic effects, the relative detection rates are well known.

    Actually, neutrinos are so weakly interacting that the vast majority of them just flies right through the Earth. It is really tiny fraction of them which happens to bump into an terrestrial atom. And an even tinier fraction which bumps into an ice molecule near our machine. So they come from all directions, up and down, the Earth is not shielding them. However, like everywhere on Earth there is a lot of cosmic rays thundering down on the atmosphere above the South Pole, and some of it results in high energy muons which make it all the way down to our detector. Their rate is about a million times higher than that of the muons originating from the neutrinos. Only when we see a muon track going upwards, or when it has an energy much higher than expected from the cosmic ray spectrum, then we call it a neutrino event.

    When we start talking about really very high energy neutrinos (PeV and more) then the picture gets a little bit different: at those energies the probability that a neutrino interacts with atoms gets so high that the Earth is indeed opaque for neutrinos. If there are such high energy neutrinos flying through the universe, then we expect to see them from above and horizontally. This is already expected with standard model physics, without assumptions about microscopic black holes; so I am curious as to what Goldberg and Feng are after.

    1. Re:Some comments from an Amandroid... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I work for AMANDA/IceCube.

      so do I, could you tell me who's brilliant idea it was to use java on the icecube daq ?

  74. Pollution aspect? by Traf-O-Data-Hater · · Score: 1

    I'd like to know how, at the completion of the experiment, they are going to remove all the hardware out of the ice? Surely they aren't just going to leave it there? There's enough man-made rubbish encroaching on ecologically sensitive areas of the planet already, and to not consider how the post-experiment cleanup is going to be done is just sad.

    1. Re:Pollution aspect? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Surely they aren't just going to leave it there?

      They aren't. icecube is a project with expected liftime around 10-15 years and *all* the stuff that's being put in will be removed at the end of that period. There are international treaties governing this and they are followed very strictly. That area will be left in the same condition it was in before the doms were put in.

  75. heim's theory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It would be awesome if this could be combined with Heim's theory. A unified theory which also predicts higher dimensions. The best thing is, theoretically it allows FTL by pushing matter into a higher dimesion by the use of a powerful EMF. Or so i am told :)

  76. Higher Dimensions by Cyno · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Why is it so hard for people to believe in the possibility of higher dimensions?

    Is it fear of the unknown or change?

    Is it a disbelief that 3D space bends or a rationalization for this bending to somehow be within our 3 physical dimensions?

    Is it that higher dimensions opens up the possibility for the existence of God(s), yet at the same time disproves almost all preexisting legends and disrupts and subverts tradition and religions that would rather maintain authority and control?

    Is it just too far fetched for you to consider possible? The Sun is too far fetched for me to consider possible. Same goes for that giant black hole at the center of our galaxy.

    But if higher dimensions do exist and we can learn how to use them... well... maybe we aren't ready for this knowledge at this time. Maybe we have a lot of other psychelogical and social problems to solve before we should be allowed to manipulate gravity. Perhaps the Department of Homeland Security should outlaw all higher dimensional research for our own security...

    1. Re:Higher Dimensions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How about:

      e) None of the above.

      You're sophomorically philosophical ramblings miss the point entirely. Adding dimensions is kludgey, and scientists don't want to replicate the whole epicycle fiasco. Scientists had to keep adding more and more epicycles to keep the orbits correct in the geocentric model. Things kept getting more and more complicated, with epicycles of epicycles of epicycles. Then come Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler, who say the Earth isn't actually the center of the universe, and the planets just have eliptical orbits around the sun, vastly simplifying things.

      That is why many people argue that things such as Loop Quantum Gravity (with its 3+1 dimensions) are logically (under Occams Razor) superior to String theory, with its multitude of dimensions.

    2. Re:Higher Dimensions by cgibbard · · Score: 1

      No, it's the fact that up until recently *no* falsifiable claims had been made regarding string theory, and to present, none have been tested. Thus, at present, string theory is not science. The article claims that a difference of prediction has been found and an experiment devised to test it.

      Higher dimensional theories of the universe are fine. If they work, and provide an elegant framework in which to make predictions, then that's great. However, if they're more complicated than existing theories and make no new predictions, they are not so useful.

      There is no "truth" about the dimension of the universe. To ask the *real* dimension of the universe is to ask a question which doesn't even mean anything. (After all, the word 'dimension' in this sense only means anything if you have a mathematical manifold or vector space about.) The dimension of the universe at any given time is whatever it happens to be in any given model of the universe one is using.

      Higher dimensional models of the universe have *nothing*at*all* to do with the existence or non-existence of gods. Besides, gods tend not to be falsifiable, so there's no way that any scientific model could say anything about their existence. Basically, you get to choose if they exist, because you get to choose which statements you'd like to call 'true'.

      Truth is what you make it. In the long run, the only measuring stick by which statements attain the labels 'true' and 'false' is success: real-world usefulness, mathematical elegance, or otherwise.

    3. Re:Higher Dimensions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, it's the fact that up until recently *no* falsifiable claims had been made regarding string theory, and to present, none have been tested. Thus, at present, string theory is not science.

      String theory makes falsifiable claims. We just don't have the technology to falsify them in practice. Our technological limitations do not make string theory "not science"; it's just, at the moment, "not very useful science".
    4. Re:Higher Dimensions by Cyno · · Score: 1

      If there are higher physical dimensions, an accurate model might require equations that included all of them. Its nice to say we should keep it simple, but General Relativity had to be complex in order to explain our observations when Neuton's model fell short, and even General Relativity isn't completely accurate.

      We can simplify it as much as possible, but its unlikely we'll get anything accurate that's as nice as F=ma, V=IR or PV=nRT.

  77. BWAAHAHAHAA!!! by David+Gould · · Score: 1
    --
    David Gould
    main(i){putchar(340056100>>(i-1)*5&31|!!(i<6)<< 6)&&main(++i);}
  78. Chicken and the egg by tgibbs · · Score: 1

    Of course, string theory may be right. The philosophical problem is that many of our best minds are spending all their time on a theory that can't be proven or disproven with current technology.

    You bring up a chicken and egg problem--one has to spend time on a theory to figure out what it does predict and devise ways of testing it. In practice, physicists often spend time thinking about theories that cannot be proven, and this often serves as a spur for development of new technologies. Working out the predictions of a complex theory can take decades; indeed, new and often surprising predictions of quantum theory are still emerging.

    1. Re:Chicken and the egg by Reverend528 · · Score: 1

      Not to mention, it seems to be pretty normal in theoretical physics for theories to be devised long before they can be experimentally proven. Many predictions that Einstein made in General Relativity were not demonstrated until much, much later.

  79. Heim Theory Predicts..... by CommandLineGuy · · Score: 1

    this post will get a +4 funny.

    --
    [Of course it's client-server; it runs on a LAN]
  80. Godel's TOE. by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

    "...the goal of the Theory of Everything, to have a model that explains and can predict everything."

    Pysicists in the 20th centry thought if you smash things together hard enough it is possible to deduce a TOE, Godel did not agree.

    --
    And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
  81. Laugh it up monkeyboy by WatertonMan · · Score: 1

    Lectoids from Planet X across the 8th dimension.

  82. Extra dimensions by Decaff · · Score: 1

    Extra dimensions aren't evidence for string theory. String theory needs extra dimensions to work, but extra dimensions don't need String theory to explain them. Extra dimensions would simply mean that String theory could be right, but so could a large number of other ideas.

  83. Pfft.. by StikyPad · · Score: 1

    IceCube? I think xXx: State of the Union proved we should all be a little skeptical of IceCube's work. At best, his encouraging refrain of "Put yo ass into it!" might motivate the scientists to work a little harder. Ice T, on the other hand, through his work on Law and Order: SVU, has shown himself to be a much more competent scientist than Mr. Cube. If they get Ice T on the staff, I think we can all rest assured that we're getting some real science done.

  84. Ah, wrong link. Now to mock Michio Kaku further. by Valdrax · · Score: 1

    And what in that article violates known physical facts? It's speculative, but theoretically possible in string theory, which is a physical theory.

    Whoops. Looks like I pasted in the first link twice instead of the second link which has Michio Kaku apparently suspending all disbelief in the face of the magic of nanotech.

    Read this article down to the bottom. I'll skip over his suggestions for how to open a wormhole because they're beyond my capability to comment on with my current understanding of physics, but I'll get right into the madness:

    If the wormholes created in the previous steps are too small, too unstable, or the radiation effects too intense, then perhaps we could send only atom-sized particles through a wormhole. In this case, this civilisation may embark upon the ultimate solution: passing an atomic-sized "seed" through the wormhole capable of regenerating the civilisation on the other side. This process is commonly found in nature. The seed of an oak tree, for example, is compact, rugged and designed to survive a long journey and live off the land. It also contains all the genetic information needed to regenerate the tree.

    An advanced civilisation might want to send enough information through the wormhole to create a "nanobot," a self-replicating atomic-sized machine, built with nanotechnology. It would be able to travel at near the speed of light because it would be only the size of a molecule. It would land on a barren moon, and then use the raw materials to create a chemical factory which could create millions of copies of itself. A horde of these robots would then travel to other moons in other solar systems and create new chemical factories. This whole process would be repeated over and over again, making millions upon millions of copies of the original robot. Starting from a single robot, there will be a sphere of trillions of such robot probes expanding at near the speed of light, colonising the entire galaxy.

    [...Stuff about SF movies...]

    Next, these robot probes would create huge biotechnology laboratories. The DNA sequences of the probes' creators would have been carefully recorded, and the robots would have been designed to inject this information into incubators, which would then clone the entire species. An advanced civilisation may also code the personalities and memories of its inhabitants and inject this into the clones, enabling the entire race to be reincarnated.

    Wow! You can encode the DNA sequences, memories, and technology of an entire civilization into a single molecule! And that single molecule "machine" can take off at light speed with no external power source and manipulate matter to create more of itself without changing or losing any of its own properties and embedded information too! Oh, and apparently this molecule is really small too since that somehow has something to do with its mysterious ability to travel at light speed.

    What a freaking flake. He seems to have drank the Dexlerian / Grey Goo Kool-Aid interpretation of the magical powers that nanotech will have to one day violate all known laws of physics.

    --
    If it's for-profit but free, you're not the customer -- you're the product (e.g., the Slashdot Beta's "audience").