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Transit Method Reveals Many Extrasolar Planets

eldavojohn writes "You might recall not too long ago the first photo of an extra solar planet or, more recently, the mapping & speculation on these planets that lie outside our own solar system. Long since those first few spotted in the 90s, we're now starting to find them in droves due to the popularity of a method that relies on the planet passing directly between the viewer on earth and the star that it orbits. Be sure to check out Space.com's list of the most interesting extra-solar planets. Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates?"

174 comments

  1. Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by It+doesn't+come+easy · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Considering the statistically unlikely percentage of planetary orbits that would naturally line up so that the planet would transit its sun from our point of view, planets must be pretty much common as dust. Either that or God was nice enough to line them up so it's easy for us to find them (possible, I hear God is a very nice person)...

    --
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    1. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by rblancarte · · Score: 1, Interesting

      This is the whole argument that Stephen Hawkins uses to "believe in God." Basically that things like this don't just happen randomly.

      RonB

      --
      It is human nature to take shortcuts in thinking.
    2. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by 2names · · Score: 2, Funny
      "God was nice enough to line them up so it's easy for us to find them"

      Um, you do know that the Universe is flat, right? Just like Earth. :)

      --
      "I'm just here to regulate funkiness."
    3. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Sciros · · Score: 1

      Hey hey wait a second *I* get to decide what gets to happen randomly, not *you*!

      --
      I like basketball!!1!
    4. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which Fermi equation are you talking about, the post stamp equation?. Also planetary orbits with 1.3-day periods like the ones discovered are so close to the star surface it's not unlikely to see them transit.

    5. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Stephan202 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Aren't you referring to the Drake equation?

    6. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Stephan202 · · Score: 1

      ...which, I admit, is closely related to the Fermi paradox .

    7. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by jobsagoodun · · Score: 4, Funny

      This is the whole argument that Stephen Hawkins uses to "believe in God."

      Quite the opposite actually...

      "You cannot prove that I exist", says God, "For Proof denies faith, and without faith I am nothing!"
      "Ah", says man, "But the planets lining up nicely like that so that we can see them is a dead give away isn't it. It proves you exist, and therefore by your own logic you don't. QED"
      "Oh bugger I hadn't thought of that" says God and disappears in a puff of logic.


      Sorry Mr Adams.

    8. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by ILuvRamen · · Score: 0

      either that or there's tons of false positives seeing as how some star, let's say 500 lightyears away could have ANYTHING pass between earth and it and make it look like a planet was blocking the sun but not really. It seems to me that were would be no way to tell if it was a planet or not.

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    9. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Rei · · Score: 2, Funny

      possible, I hear God is a very nice person

      Really? Then why'd he go and bury all of those dinosaur bones and radioisotopes to test our faith?

      --
      Nothing says 'welcome to the neighborhood' like a gunny sack full of dead squirrels.
    10. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful
      This is the whole argument that Stephen Hawkins uses to "believe in God." Basically that things like this don't just happen randomly.

      Which is pretty much the reason for the existence of all gods throughout history; to provide an explanation for something that was otherwise unfathomable. And of course once a thing becomes "fathomed" that particular god is no longer needed, and disappears.

      I also might preemptively mention that "this is different, and also he's a really really smart guy way smarter than you wiseguy" is not a compelling argument.

    11. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Gilmoure · · Score: 1

      Space Whaaaaaaale!

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    12. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      It seems to me that were would be no way to tell if it was a planet or not.

      Except that these transits have a regular period indicating orbital motion. What else could pass between us and the star in question with such a short, regular period except something in orbit around that star?

    13. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by elrous0 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yeah, now the only question is "Which God?"

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    14. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Chicken04GTO · · Score: 0

      Sweet, when you figure out how and why the universe came into being, let us all know.

    15. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Too bad black is white and we're all going to die at the next zebra crossing :(

    16. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by jafiwam · · Score: 1

      Yeah, that sort of depends on whether you think the galactic plane and solar (stellar) plane have a tendency to coincide or not.

      Our solar system is off galactic plane by around 63 degrees or so. The solar (stellar) plane is a function of the angular momentum of the dust cloud (assuming the solar system creation model we have is correct). The galactic plane, is the same thing, only on much larger scale of the galaxy (duh).

      One would think that the total aggregate angular momentum of the galaxy would strongly suggest the same bias toward stellar planes more or less lining up. Basically if you look at a star it's probability of having the stellar plane line up with us is a bell curve where the center is 0 degrees out of galactic plane, and the higher you go the fewer do. (That's what I think is the case.)

      Unfortunately, we only have one data point (our solar system) and others that by the means of detection mean they are lined up with us...

      You would have to have a known average "has a planet" value for any star already to sort out if the extra solar plane has a high probability of being earth-pointing or not, and you could only do it by comparing the rate of earth-pointing planes above the galactic plane (a low probability) vs the earth-pointing in the galactic plane planets.

      So you need the value (rate of "has a planet") you want to determine the value you want (how many planets are there?).

      In other words, we only see a small percentage of planets that way, but we don't know what that percentage is without getting some other means to measure how many planets there are (the "has planet" rate for stars).

      It's pretty cool they are finding lots of these though, sooner or later someone is going to figure out how to image them.... I look forward to that.

    17. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, now the only question is "Which God?"
      BR why *mine* of course!

    18. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Sweet, when you figure out how and why the universe came into being, let us all know.

      You do realize that you are proving his point, right?
      "I can't imagine how this could happen, so.......God!!"

      That argument is essentially saying that you think right now today you ought to be able to know and understand everything there is, and if there is something you can't, then it must be a deity's work. Isn't that a bit egotistical? The world is complicated and subtle. When you get stuck on something it's a cheap cop-out to shrug your shoulders and figure it must be God from here on out.

      There was a time when many people believed that the sun was pulled across the sky by a horse. And now doubt a reply to doubters was something like a smug "Sweet. When you figure out how it gets from here to there, let us all know." ? As if that somehow make the horse hypothesis more credible.

    19. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by teabaggs · · Score: 1

      there is a distinct possibility that every planet orbits in the same plane as its sun... and every star in the same plane as our sun... and every solar system, and every galaxy and everything...ever...orbits or otherwise travels in the same plane. IF any of this is actually true
      --
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    20. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by The_Wilschon · · Score: 1

      I suppose that you are referring to Stephen Hawking? But perhaps you ought to refer to number 8 on the Crackpot Index.

      --
      SIGSEGV caught, terminating

      wait... not that kind of sig.
    21. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by It+doesn't+come+easy · · Score: 1

      You are correct, my mistake.

      --
      The NSA: The only part of the US government that actually listens.
    22. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      (possible, I hear God is a very nice person)...


      Person?! Blasphemer!!

    23. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Geoffrey.landis · · Score: 1
      "Considering the statistically unlikely percentage of planetary orbits that would naturally line up so that the planet would transit its sun from our point of view..."

      About 10% of the "Hot Jupiters" (which are very close to their suns) are lined up close enough to edge-on to the line of sight that they show transits, and something like 1% for planets in more Earthlike orbits are lined up close enough to edge-on, IIRC.

      (The closer the planet is to the surface of the star, the more likely it is to line up close enough to transit from our point of view; in the limit of a planet skimming the surface of the star, the percentaqe would approach 100%, of course. )

      --
      http://www.geoffreylandis.com
    24. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by ILuvRamen · · Score: 0

      regularly migrating space whale? lol a planet in another solar system between here and there. An asteroid in our system?

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    25. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by mcvos · · Score: 1

      One would think that the total aggregate angular momentum of the galaxy would strongly suggest the same bias toward stellar planes more or less lining up.

      One would think wrong. Stars move in all sorts of weird directions in our galaxy, and they definitely spin in just about any direction you can imagine.

      Basically if you look at a star it's probability of having the stellar plane line up with us is a bell curve where the center is 0 degrees out of galactic plane, and the higher you go the fewer do. (That's what I think is the case.)
      Unfortunately, we only have one data point (our solar system) and others that by the means of detection mean they are lined up with us...

      We don't have only one data point, we know the orbits of tons of binary stars. And even our own solar system is not lined up with the galactic plane. There's no reason whatsoever to assume that all other solar systems are aligned the same way as ours.

      Even the detection method isn't nearly as restrictive as you think. It only requires that the planet passes between us and its star (which is still a significant restriction, mind you), but that pass doesn't have to happen in the same direction as our ecliptic plane, or the galactic plane, for that matter.

    26. Re:Pegs that variable in the Fermi equation... by Barryke · · Score: 1

      nice! .. predicting everything by random that wasn't, plausable it is.

      --
      Hivemind harvest in progress..
  2. Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by 2names · · Score: 2

    Yes, as long as we don't kill ourselves first.

    --
    "I'm just here to regulate funkiness."
    1. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by ls+-la · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Yes, as long as we don't kill ourselves first. Better hurry up and colonize other planets.
    2. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by drukawski · · Score: 1

      Dibs on pillaging!

    3. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by omeomi · · Score: 5, Funny

      Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates?"

      I certainly hope it contains the same easy-to use ergonomic AJAX functionality as Web 2.0...I hate having to reload an entire Earth page every time I want to do something...

    4. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by Sciros · · Score: 1

      Dibs on the other one!

      --
      I like basketball!!1!
    5. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If the inhabitants are intelligent, they'll detect our approach when we're still way out (because of the communication traffic beamed almost directly at them) and will thereafter maintain radio silence until they ambush and annihilate the expedition (robotic or human). After a few tries, we will (correctly) surmise that there's some unknown danger there and look for a different candidate.

      They would be "not intelligent" to allow us to establish a beachhead.

    6. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even if we don't kill ourselves, California's still gonna break away and go chill with Hawaii...and Alaska can come too...

    7. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by s4m7 · · Score: 1

      Yes, as long as we don't kill ourselves first. Yeah, except we already have found a good Earth 2.0 candidate and it's called Mars. Using roughly apollo-era technology, we can get there in a mere 9 months. Without the discovery of some loophole in physics that allows us to travel significantly faster than we are currently capable of, any other candidate will take more than a lifetime to get to. Using existing or near-term feasible technology we could slap multiple bases on Mars within a decade, and begin a terraforming process that could very well be mostly finished within the time it would take us to get to the very nearest other solar system, candidate-bearing or not. Thank god Earth 2.0 won't rely on javascript.
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      This comment is fully compliant with RFC 527.
    8. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by andydread · · Score: 1


      The first step in terraforming Mars is fixing the low gravity.
      How do you propose we do that?
      It won't hold an atmosphere without it.

    9. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by john83 · · Score: 1

      I'm sure we will. And when we do, I have a number of candidates for who should be sent there. Hairdressers, tired TV producers, insurance salesmen, personnel officers, security guards, public relations executives, management consultants, the middlemen you see.
      --
      Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government.
    10. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by derjames · · Score: 1

      i am recalling the time when all the scum from England was sent to Australia...

    11. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by s4m7 · · Score: 1

      I don't know where you got that idea. Mars currently holds an atmosphere. It's not nearly as dense as ours, but it is there. Logic would dictate that since Mars's gravity is .6 of the Earth's, that it ought to at least be able to support .6atm of pressure.
      That said, if I'm wrong about that, and I'm certain I am, maybe a complete terraform isn't possible. But that doesn't mean you couldn't build any number of football-pitch sized pressurized bubbles.

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    12. Re:Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by andydread · · Score: 1

      Well the pressurized bubbles are quite a bit more realistic. One would have to account for many many things due to the lower pressure, different gravity, much much thinner atmosphere, magnetic field issues, the list goes on to the 10th power. eg. much more rocks falling from space, radiation, human bone density, etc. To name a few. And lets hope they don't start to charge for air (breathable air that is) a la Total Recall. Don't forget to pay your air bill kiddies it costs much to generate that precious air. In our typical metro society a constant supply of drinking water is not free unless u filter it yourself with McGyver-like techniques such as Survivorman. We take simple things like the availability of breathable air so much for granted its not even funny.

      To digress a with a bit of cynicism. At the rate things are going here on Earth one would wonder if starting a utility company that generates and supplies clean air now would yield a new industry that might just be needed for the bubbles that would be right here on Earth in the future.

  3. Ummm....It's The Wobble Method That's Tops by cybrpnk2 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Read the article. Discovering planets via the transit method (eclipse dimming of the star) is rare. Around 80% are instead discovered using the so called wobble method, which measures changes in starlight doppler shift.

    1. Re:Ummm....It's The Wobble Method That's Tops by TripMaster+Monkey · · Score: 1

      The great thing about the occultation method is that it can be used to determine a planet's volume. Add that to the wobble method, which determines a planet's mass, and you now have enough data to calculate the planet's density

      --
      ____

      ~ |rip/\/\aster /\/\onkey

  4. Earth 2.0? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Only if we leave behind the annoying paraplegic kid.

    1. Re:Earth 2.0? by HolyCrapSCOsux · · Score: 1

      The collective intelligence of the planet is static. Thus, as the population climbs, the individual intelleguncs fals quiklee.

      --
      0xB315AA8D852DCD3F3DCA578FD2E0BF88
    2. Re:Earth 2.0? by Loke+the+Dog · · Score: 2, Informative

      Its a joke based on the hype around "web 2.0", which everyone knows sounds stupid. Now, laugh.

    3. Re:Earth 2.0? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What the heck are you smoking?

      Anyone who dubs something that isn't software "2.0" is a yuppie; e.g., "web 2.0". As such, the drug in question must be cocaine. But yuppies don't smoke crack, they snort coke.

      And God but I agree with you about "WiFi"! What coke-addled moron came up with that one??? It is completely meaningless! It is a play on HiFi, which at least was a shortening of "high fidelity".

      But cocaine does that to a person. Be warned, young nerd, lest you drop your engineering courses and take up business or law.

      -mcgrew

    4. Re:Earth 2.0? by cnettel · · Score: 1

      I for one, am waiting for Earth 3.1. I'm just not sure if it will be like MS-DOS 3.1 or Windows 3.1.

  5. life on them? by DeadDarwin · · Score: 0

    are they looking for life with less intelligence too? I mean sorta like 30 million yrs behind..they might not be sending out radio signals..but may be throwing knives made of stones...may be hubble can catch that

  6. Why would anyone look for Earth 2 again? by Paul+Doom · · Score: 1

    Who wants to deal with stupid grendlers? Let's just skip to 3.

    --
    "Life is life." --Laibach
    1. Re:Why would anyone look for Earth 2 again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm glad to see I'm not the only one who thought of that show. It was kind of like Twin Peaks.... only really bad and in space. Of all the important things from college I've forgotten how sad is it that I can remember exactly what the grendlers looked like and did without hitting the provided link. *sigh*

    2. Re:Why would anyone look for Earth 2 again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thank you for being nerd enough to make the reference I immediately thought of.

      I'm pretty sure I'm the only person who bought that godawful thing on DVD.

    3. Re:Why would anyone look for Earth 2 again? by doi · · Score: 1

      I like this Earth 2.0 candidate.

      --
      A man's reach must exceed his grasp, or what's an erection for?
  7. Yes by nizo · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates?


    Of course; space is big and there are bound to be tons of great planets out there. I just hope there is no one already living on our soon to be discovered new colony planet so we can move in quicker.

    1. Re:Yes by jez9999 · · Score: 1

      I just hope there is no one already living on our soon to be discovered new colony planet so we can move in quicker.

      Yep. And every second of extra speed counts, with Alpha Centauri being a mere 42 trillion km away.

    2. Re:Yes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I just hope it's not Native Americans (Indians) living there, for their sake.

    3. Re:Yes by StikyPad · · Score: 2, Funny

      I just hope there is no one already living on our soon to be discovered new colony planet so we can move in quicker.

      Barring that, hopefully we can develop some kickass motherships and tripod walkers.

    4. Re:Yes by Poromenos1 · · Score: 1

      I heard that it's at the 2.0b stage, so it should be released any century now!

      Seriously, unless you're planning on making a minor revision on a planet, you could just call it Earth 2 and not sound geeky :(

      --
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    5. Re:Yes by andydread · · Score: 1

      You pose an interesting question. What if our planet is dying and we actually find one we all can go to... but it already has people on it. And they decide they have no room for us. What do we do? Nuke em? or just stay here and die?

    6. Re:Yes by ichigo+2.0 · · Score: 1

      I think we would take the third option, which is to build space habitats. It's a lot cheaper than building an invasion force and traveling lightyears just to take someone else's planet.

    7. Re:Yes by gd23ka · · Score: 1

      Most of Earth is literally uninhabitated, just think of Sibiria and Kamchatka and most
      of the US West really. Most likely their planet would be like that too so we'd find a place, most likely not a choice location but at least a place to stay. They of course would probably be less than thrilled having us (except of course for their version of the ufo freak), but we could play nice and even work on finding a place of our own and them moving out once we found it.

    8. Re:Yes by Weedlekin · · Score: 1

      "I think we would take the third option, which is to build space habitats. It's a lot cheaper than building an invasion force and traveling lightyears just to take someone else's planet."

      And those space habitats will have wars over who gets the sunniest bit of orbit, the habitat with the biggest population wanting part of another that has a less people but more hydroponics capacity (because they have more space due to less of it being taken up by people), and the same old "we want what they've got" crap that's been the real motivation for every war in history.

      Prediction: if we discover two apparently similar worlds on neighbouring stars, only one of which is inhabited, we will make war on the inhabited world instead of settling the uninhabited one, because the inhabited world _must_ be better, otherwise the aliens would have have decided to evolve on the other one. Damned uppity aliens, taking _our_ good world, and leaving us with the shitty planet -- we'll teach them a lesson they won't forget in a hurry.

      --
      I'm not going to change your sheets again, Mr. Hastings.
    9. Re:Yes by derjames · · Score: 1

      what would happpen if the first human settlers in that hypothetical Earth 2.0 planet declare their independence from the Earth? would Star Wars begin?

    10. Re:Yes by Bearhouse · · Score: 1

      But if there's *nothing* there, how could we live on it in an independant, sustainable way?

      Can we really expect to find a place that will enable us to plant crops and raise animals for food, yet has no indigenous life forms?

      Nah...

  8. Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by heatdeath · · Score: 1

    So, by this did you mean...other planets to rape and pillage?

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  9. Earth 2.0?!? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I thought Earth 1.0 was Deep Thought 2.0?

  10. Bowman 2.0 by Rob+T+Firefly · · Score: 4, Funny

    All these World 2.0s are yours except Europa 2.0. Attempt no landings there.

    1. Re:Bowman 2.0 by rucs_hack · · Score: 3, Funny

      I'm sorry, I can't moderate that for you Dave...

    2. Re:Bowman 2.0 by elrous0 · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Why do I have the strangest feeling that--if this message were received--George Bush would just ignore it?

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    3. Re:Bowman 2.0 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He'd be too busy banging leg bones together.

  11. Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? by jhouserizer · · Score: 2, Funny

    Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? I'm sure we will. And when we do, I have a number of candidates for who should be sent there.

  12. Earth 2.0 candidates by ciaohound · · Score: 1, Offtopic

    I realize the existing crop of candidates leaves much to be desired, but is looking outside the solar system for our next president really a solution? How would you square that with the Constitutional requirement that the President be born in the US? Isn't that why Schwarzenegger can never really fulfill his political ambitions?

    --
    Oh, yeah, it's not easy to pad these out to 120 characters.
    1. Re:Earth 2.0 candidates by elrous0 · · Score: 1

      I think we should make an exception for any aliens capable of destroying us on a whim. I for one don't want to anger anyone capable of kidnapping me and shoving an anal probe up my ass.

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
  13. perhaps not so lucky by goombah99 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Considering the statistically unlikely percentage of planetary orbits that would naturally line up so that the planet would transit its sun from our point of view, planets must be pretty much common as dust. Either that or God was nice enough to line them up so it's easy for us to find them (possible, I hear God is a very nice person)... Maybe not so lucky. Most of the planets in our solar system (not all) have their rotational axes mostly parallel to their orbital axis. I assume there's some reason for that, perhaps simply if they are spun off of the sun then they acquire it's angular momentum. Or like the moon where tidal forces lock the orbit. In any case then, the next question is if the solar systems in our galaxy mainly orbit in the plane of the galaxies rotation. I'd assume so.

    Given all that then it's not too surprising that there be a preference for this favorable occultation geometry.

    Finally I note that we are not really interested in planets that don't rotate in their orbital plane since otherwise they'd be roastingly hot on one side and freezing on the other.

    --
    Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    1. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Black+Perl · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Finally I note that we are not really interested in planets that don't rotate in their orbital plane since otherwise they'd be roastingly hot on one side and freezing on the other.

      Yes, but wouldn't there be a certain ring that is exactly 70 degrees? Also, you'd have an endless supply of geothermal energy. The hot-as-lava side could double as an incinerator--no trash problems. Obviously terraforming would be impossible but I'd think you could establish a permanent colony there.

      --
      bp
    2. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Finally I note that we are not really interested in planets that don't rotate in their orbital plane since otherwise they'd be roastingly hot on one side and freezing on the other.

      And the resulting forces may well cause them to shift to a more "neutral" axis.

    3. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Chris+Burke · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes, but wouldn't there be a certain ring that is exactly 70 degrees?

      I'm no expert, but I'd be willing to bet that what you'd really get is a ring that fluctuates violently between the hot and cold extremes of the two sides of the planet and is constantly bombarded by gigantic storms. I mean we're basically talking about a permanent clash between hot and cold weather fronts.

      Huge temperature deltas do not result in nice smooth gradients between them.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    4. Re:perhaps not so lucky by escay · · Score: 1

      Exactly what I was thinking, but in a different context. The (#6 on the list) exoplanet Upsilon Andromeda B is tidally locked with its sun - so, one side is burning hot while the other is freezing cold. There must exist a ring zone that is temperate, since the temperature gradient cannot be discretely sharp. Couple that with unlimited supply of geothermal energy, and we got one cheap earth.

    5. Re:perhaps not so lucky by jae471 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      It should be noted that out the Sun's axis of rotation (and that of the major planets) is NOT with the galactic plane. We can see them, but they can't see us...

    6. Re:perhaps not so lucky by mp3phish · · Score: 4, Informative

      Your statement seems misleading but it may just be incomplete (IMO).

      "Finally I note that we are not really interested in planets that don't rotate in their orbital plane since otherwise they'd be roastingly hot on one side and freezing on the other."

      The rotation of the planet has nothing to do with the detection of planets in this method, only the orbit determines the ability to detect it. So while some planets may or may not be rotating on the correct axis to support multiple seasons, it isn't accounted for in this type of study because they can't detect this with the transient method.

      Also, there are actually a large variation of planes that can be detected with this method. Imagine our solar system as a disk. Then imaging looking at it from the top view. This view does not allow the planet detection using the transient method. However, angle your view down until you can see just one of the planets cross over the sun. From this angle on, and twisted up to 360 degrees, is where this transient method works. So actually, there are many planes of orbit which can be used to detect planets with this method. And assuming that a percentage of these planets are within the habitable distance from their star, and that a percentage of these rotate on a reasonable axis, then they could contain life. But nothing in these studies is determining that any of this is the case. Right now they are just looking for ANY planets. so we can detect extrasolar planets even if their orbital planes are perpendicular to the galactic disk, so long as they are close to parallel to our viewing line of site. With this in mind, you can imagine that if you can view stars in our galaxy from 360 degrees around our planet, that we would be able to detect every orbital plane angle available in the galaxy, depending on which direction we are looking from the earth. So while we can't see all of them, we can see a very large subset of them with this method.

      Also, the reason that all the planets in the solar system follow close to same typical plane of orbit is because of the way solar systems form. They start as a gaseous body collapsing. As the rotation of the gas nears closer and closer to the center of the nebula, the rotational inertia causes the forming of a disk due to inertia. The same thing happens to drag car tires when they spin fast (they turn more disk-like). From this disk-like nebula the planets form. The center typically ends up with something larger than a gas giant (the sun, or a couple of suns) and the other planets turn into gas giants (Jupiter) or solid planets (i forgot the name, but they gain gravitational pull and pull in particles from the nebular disk)

      So this is why the planets are all in one plane of orbit. If all star systems are formed in this general method (something that is assumed) then it is fairly easy to say that they should all be in a single plane. But each system does not necessarily have to be in the same plane relative to each other just because they are in the same galaxy. Each nebula forms independently and collapses typically from an outside force, but not necessarily on the same rotational plane.

      Also, the planets have their own disks associated with them. The moons and rings of Uranus and Saturn and Jupiter follow different planes. They don't necessarily need to follow the same plane as the solar system. This is because each of those planets also formed independently of each other. The spin of those depends on the angular momentum of the local mass as it formed, which would be different than the parent nebular disk especially when you take into account collisions of forming bodies. The same could be said to happen on the galaxy level, if you compare the galaxy formation to solar system formation.

      These are just my points of view of what I have studied. Many people will have different points of view formed from the same observations.

      --
      Your ignorance is infinitely greater than you realize.
    7. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ok, let me tell you something: GP is right, this method works but you have to be really lucky.
      I'll answer your question : 'Does the solar systems in our galaxy mainly orbit in the plane of the galaxies rotation ?'
      I have a revelation for you: Our Solar System doesn't (have you ever seen the Milky Way ? ;-) )

      So the answer is "No". Go have a look (stars orbital data, planetary nebulaes, dust disk, etc.)

      Djian

    8. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Hays · · Score: 3, Interesting

      In any case then, the next question is if the solar systems in our galaxy mainly orbit in the plane of the galaxies rotation. I'd assume so.

      They don't. See http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?numb er=633

      Our own Solar system is not at all aligned with the galaxy. If it were, the milky way would appear more east-west in the night sky, especially during the equinox.

    9. Re:perhaps not so lucky by argStyopa · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure I follow you. Oh sure, I agree that at observable scales from planetary on up to the galaxy itself (I believe it fails thereafter), there seems to be a planar bias which make a sort of logical sense - kind of an astronomic "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"?

      However, in the previous poster's comments, he's right too - even conceding a tendency to form solar systems on a plane (and I would guess this is only a TENDENCY, not a majority), even then the odds that a planet would pass directly between it's primary and us would be, well, astronomically large against. Why wouldn't we be interested in planets orbitting outside of this ecliptic? As long as the planet rotates SOME way, there's going to be temperature circulation. And finally, even if it's tidally locked to it's parent (not that I think this has any connection to it's inclination), there's possibly a 'twilight zone' where temperatures would permit water to remain liquid (Mercury's surface temps range from 90 deg K to 700 deg K - with scientists largely believing there is a significant likelihood of water ice in craters around the poles.)

      --
      -Styopa
    10. Re:perhaps not so lucky by The_Wilschon · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Not so. The plane of the ecliptic and the galactic equator are offset from one another by about 62 degrees. [1] So it would appear that there is probably wide variation in the tilt of the ecliptic planes of other stellar systems.

      Or, a naive argument from astrophysics (IANA astrophysicist, although I am a physicist): Perhaps the disk of a new-formed star is typically rather thin (in the direction perpendicular to the ecliptic). Then material undergoing gravitational accretion to form planets would all come from essentially one plane, so the angular momentum would be perpendicular to that plane (Newtonian physics: take any number of masses with positions and velocities all solely in one plane. The angular momentum about any point will be perpendicular to that plane). The galaxy, on the other hand, is quite thick, even out here in the fringes. The nebulae that we can see are not planar, and are not even larger in the galactic plane or anything. They are fairly isotropic. So, as a nebula condenses to become a star, the material comes from all directions and has velocities going in all directions. The angular momentum could be all over the place.

      So, if there isn't anything wrong with this naive argument (although there quite likely is, even if it doesn't invalidate the conclusion), then we should expect that stars should have ecliptics lying at all kinds of angles to the galactic equatorial plane. The angle of our own ecliptic is a single data point which would seem to support this notion.


      We probably are actually quite interested in planets with rotational axes lying not perpendicular to their ecliptics. Not as Earth 2.0, but for scientific study, they should be rather interesting. How do they form? Are they typically captured rogue planets? Is there such a thing as a rogue planet? Or do they merely form from thicker solar disks? Or, did Aliens (TM) put them there as signals to us for when we become a mature enough species to understand them? :)

      --
      SIGSEGV caught, terminating

      wait... not that kind of sig.
    11. Re:perhaps not so lucky by The_Wilschon · · Score: 1

      Whoops. I forgot [1] http://haydenplanetarium.org/universe/duguide/mwt_ coordinates_sky.php Second paragraph of section titled "Galactic Coordinates Trace the Galactic Plane" is where I got 62 degrees between the solar ecliptic and the galactic equator.

      --
      SIGSEGV caught, terminating

      wait... not that kind of sig.
    12. Re:perhaps not so lucky by It+doesn't+come+easy · · Score: 1

      Being serious for a moment, there may be a simpler explanation to the reason we see so many planets crossing the star's disk...

      Generally, almost everything that spins also wobbles around the axis of spin at least a little bit. All other things being equal, I assume solar systems as a single gravitational whole also wobble (over an extended time frame, no doubt). If so, at any given instant there will be some small percentage of systems where their orbital plane lines up with our line-of-sight in relation to the star in question. Still means there is a lot of planets out there, however.

      Also, Stephan202 correctly points out I meant the Drake equation, which attempts to derive the upper bound of intelligent civilizations that could exist (most of us would agree that the lower bound is 1).

      --
      The NSA: The only part of the US government that actually listens.
    13. Re:perhaps not so lucky by cswiger · · Score: 1

      Maybe not so lucky. Most of the planets in our solar system (not all) have their rotational axes mostly parallel to their orbital axis. I assume there's some reason for that, perhaps simply if they are spun off of the sun then they acquire it's angular momentum. Or like the moon where tidal forces lock the orbit. In any case then, the next question is if the solar systems in our galaxy mainly orbit in the plane of the galaxies rotation. I'd assume so.

      The rotational axis of a planet isn't nearly as important as whether the planets orbit with similar inclinations with regard to the equator of their parent star-- for the transit method to work, the planet has to cross in front of the star in the same plane that we are observing from for it to be visible. Except for Pluto, every other planet in our solar system orbits within nearly the same plane as the equator of the Sun-- Mercury is skewed by 7 degrees, but everything else is between 1 and 4 degrees.

      By contrast, the inclination of the rotational axis of the planet itself with regard to its orbital plane is much larger and much more varied, check here for the data:

      http://www.dovada.com/orbital_data.htm

      Based on accretion modelling of theoretical systems, the likely explanation is that most planets form around the same time as the central sun is coalescing enough gas to ignite, and end up inheriting very similar angular momentum in terms of their orbit. It would be expected that they would rotate on their axes in the same plane, but collisions between large asteroids or planetesimals could well have enough energy to alter the direction that the planet spins. The amount of energy required to move the planet to a significantly different orbit is much larger, so it is not expected that such collisions would change the size of the orbit, the length of the year, etc, by very much.

      --
      "The human race's favorite method for being in control of the facts is to ignore them." -Celia Green
    14. Re:perhaps not so lucky by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Well....sort of.

      I'm no cosmologist or astrophysicist, so take this with a grain of salt, but here goes.

      A solar system condenses from a rotating gas cloud. Becuase of this the axii of rotation of the condensates (suns, planets, etc.) tend to line up.

      But also the Galaxy (spiral galaxies only!) condensed from a gas cloud. Because of this the nebulae (thicker gas clouds within it) have rotational axii that tend to line up.

      So stars within a spiral galaxy will tend to have aligned axii of rotation. And their planets will also typically have aligned rotationals axii.

      Note, however, the heavy use of words like "tend to". I'm not sure how dependable such a tendency is (but for just a guess, consider Uranus).

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    15. Re:perhaps not so lucky by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Sorry, you're arguing from a single case. True, it's the only one we're real certain of, but it's still just a single case.

      I think that the presumption is that solar systems do generally basically orbit in the plane of the galaxy. OTOH, there are LOTS of "captive star streams" that one would expect to have different orbital inclinations. (Also, lots of things can perturb an orbit.)

      OTOH, look at how thick the "plane of rotation of the galaxy" is. It's not a plane, but rather a wobble. And it's dubious that a sun ever retraces it's "orbital" path around the galaxy. Lots of things push and pull at it. (If nothing else, the magnetic fields of the galaxy, while small, have a very long time to act.) All this contributes to the "orbital plane" having a great deal of wobble. (Well, usually not THAT much...but enough to carry stars across the galaxy's "orbital plane" a few times on an "orbital".

      But I'm no astrophysicist (IANAAP?). Think about it your self, do a bit of reading, and make up your own mind. It probably won't affect anything you decide to do. (If it will, you should definitely be studying on your own rather than listening to my opinions.)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    16. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Hays · · Score: 1

      Sorry, you're arguing from a single case. True, it's the only one we're real certain of, but it's still just a single case. ...

      Think about it your self, do a bit of reading, and make up your own mind.


      But... but... I referenced an answer from professional astronomers. And while I gave the example of our own solar system, their answer says "They're oriented in all different directions. The size of a solar system is so much smaller than the size of the Galaxy, that the Galaxy's structure has no impact on the orientation of a solar system." That's a very strong statement from a scientist. Perhaps they've seen hundreds of planet forming discs at all angles and noticed a roughly uniform distribution?

    17. Re:perhaps not so lucky by gd23ka · · Score: 1

      We can see them, they can't see us? Duh? We cloaked our entire solar system?

    18. Re:perhaps not so lucky by doubtless · · Score: 1

      I think that will depend on how thick an atmosphere the planet has.

      --
      geek page at KY speaks
    19. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Wooster_UK · · Score: 1
      Also, there are actually a large variation of planes that can be detected with this method. Imagine our solar system as a disk. Then imaging looking at it from the top view. This view does not allow the planet detection using the transient method. However, angle your view down until you can see just one of the planets cross over the sun. From this angle on, and twisted up to 360 degrees, is where this transient method works. So actually, there are many planes of orbit which can be used to detect planets with this method.

      If you think about it geometrically, you'll see that what's going on is that you require a very particular line, or something within about half a degree either side (Earth's shadow against the Sun is of the order of half a degree), to pass from the centre of the star through the centre of the exoplanet and connecting with Earth. Speaking very geometrically, that means that if you randomly select a basis of two unit vectors to span a planar subspace of our three-dimensional space, then you want this given vector (or something close enough) to be a linear combination of the first two.

      The odds of that are quite slim, and I'm not a statistician so although I know how I'd set about working it out, I think I'll pass on that calculation.

    20. Re:perhaps not so lucky by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Yeah, he did say that. He was also repeating the words of the question, and chosing between two answers. I don't think either choice was correct, so I don't give his words too much weight. I think that what he meant was something like:
      "Well, they aren't exactly lined up...and I've only got 500 words to explain this."

      If you'll note what I mentioned about "star streams" you'll notice that some of the stars have orbits vastly away from the plane of the galaxy's spiral. That's because as the Milky Way swallows smaller galaxies, it's beginning a transition to being an eliptical galaxy. These "incoming" solar systems have inclinations that are almost independant of the plane of the main galaxy, though they do adjust over time to "more or less" orbit in the plane of the spiral, this doesn't affect their rotation.

      Also, there are the globular clusters, which are relatively independant. I have a suspicion that they originally started out along the path to being a galaxy of their very own, but were captured by the Milky Way too early in their life, but it's also possible that they just didn't start around a black hole, and that's the major difference. Whatever, they're close enough that if they HAD turned into normal galaxies, they would have been eaten long ago. (I'm a bit vague on the details here, sorry.)

      So. I may well be wrong, but that article isn't enough to convince me. It's too nebulous (if you'll forgive the pun). And it's written as if it were directed at middle school children. At such an age, except in unusual cases, you DON'T go into fine details about the theory. You give a broad overview which is "sort of right", but which is easy to understand.

      OTOH, I don't know more about astronmy than I can pick up from the Scientific American (and a few similar magazines), so I would be easily convined by someone who not only knew what they were talking about, but wasn't presumably "oversimplifying". (In this case "oversimplifying" means addressed to a college level science major who wasn't specializing in astronomy or physics. And not too much math please. Like the Scientific American.)

      But it's because of this that I feel that the gas clouds from which the solar systems of the galaxy were produced probably usually rotated in the orbital plane of the galaxy, and usually produced solar systems with similar rotational momenta. Note the usually. There WILL be exceptions, possibly lots of them. Still, I would expect the law of conservation of momentum to be obeyed, so for every variation in the "up" direction, there should be a counterbalancing variation in the "down" direction.

      FWIW, it isn't even happenstance. It tends to be caused thusly:
      1) A cloud of gas is in orbit around the galaxy center, in it's orbital plane, as most things are.
      2) The cloud is large, being dispersed across hundreds or thousands of light years. As it rotates, the trailing elements are attracted towards the center, speeding them up, and the leading elements are attracted toward the center slowing them down.
      3) Things that speed up tend to move to a higher orbit, and things that slow down tend to move to a lower orbit.
      4) The cloud is dense enough that it's contracting under self-gravitation.
      5) You now have rotation of the cloud in the plane of it's orbital rotation around the galaxy center.

      At this point things get fuzzy, and I don't believe that the arguments between the professional astronomers have been resolved. But I haven't heard of anyone claiming that the laws of angular momentum are violated.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    21. Re:perhaps not so lucky by jae471 · · Score: 1

      Yes. We can see other planets (via transit method), but few other planets will be able to see our solar system using the transit method.

      Because the vast, vast majority of non-clustered stars (those capable of having a planet in a stable orbit) occur within the galactic plane, and our solar system's planets orbit perpendicular to that plane (and quite vast -- no hot jupiters here), only planets within a few hundredths (thousandths? -- didn't do the math) of seconds of arc of the ecliptic will be able to see any transit.

      If our solar system's plane did coincide with the galactic plane, and wasn't quite so vast, transits (from the point of view of the galactic plane) would occur much more frequently.

      That's not to say another planet could not infer the presence of a solar system here by other means -- the Doppler method has a much wider detection angle, but leaves the /true/ mass of any planet hidden (good estimates can be made, but are subject to debate) Using both the transit and Doppler methods, you can get a very accurate number for the mass.

      To scale it down a step, if you were on Mars, you would see the moon pass in front of Earth quite frequently. However, if you were 1 billion miles directly above Earth's north pole, you would never see the moon pass in front of earth, but you could still tell the moon was there, because the Earth would "wobble".

    22. Re:perhaps not so lucky by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      they acquire it's angular momentum

      "its".

      the galaxies rotation

      "galaxy's".

  14. God! No more Earth 2.0! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Earth 2.0

    Please stop. Right now. Seriously. Stop. No more use of "2.0" allowed.

  15. I'm not sure how serious you're being by benhocking · · Score: 5, Interesting

    However, they do plan on looking for signs of molecular oxygen in the atmospheres of some of these planets. Molecular oxygen is chemically unstable, so its presence is usually considered to be an excellent indicator of life. Not perfect, as it might not be necessary or sufficient, but it's the best method we have right now for detecting M-class planets.

    --
    Ben Hocking
    Need a professional organizer?
    1. Re:I'm not sure how serious you're being by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So it should at least have Roddenberries.

  16. Version by Bromskloss · · Score: 2, Funny

    Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates?

    How about making the current one stable first?

    --
    Swedish plasma phys. PhD student; MSc EE; knows maths, programming, electronics; finance interest; seeks opportunities
    1. Re:Version by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      >How about making the current one stable first?

      The current one is fine. It was here before us, and will be here long after us.

      How about we kick condesending butts like your's into the sun?

    2. Re:Version by Stormx2 · · Score: 1

      Earth 2.0 is overrated. Have you thought how inaccessible this new earth will be to people using older extra-solar browsers?

  17. Extra Solar by Punko · · Score: 2, Funny

    Every time I see "Extra solar planet" I envision a planet with more than one sun.
    I mean "extra salt" = more salt, right ?

    --
    If only we could fall into a woman's arms without falling into her hands
    1. Re:Extra Solar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I mean "extra salt" == more salt, right ? compilation error: you cannot assign a value to a constant.
    2. Re:Extra Solar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There should be a mod for "pedantic". I would personally vote that it be a +1 mod, but considering the vast number of slashdotters who seem to be barely literate, I think the majority would vote against me.

      You are correct; it should be "extrasolar", one word. But this is a bunch that doesn't realise that "loose" means "set free".

      In other words, ewe muss bee knew hear.

  18. WOOT!!! Earth 2.0 by queenb**ch · · Score: 1

    Wow! An uninhabited planet where we can rape all the resources, pollute as much as we want, and no one can complain!

    ROCK ON!

    2 cents,

    QueenB.

    --
    HDGary secures my bank :/
  19. so we can ... by polar+red · · Score: 2, Funny

    Will we ever find Earth 2.0 candidates? so we can ...
    • continue to wreck this one?
    • declare them part of the axis of evil?
    • export our garbage there ?
    • ... ?
    --
    Yes, I'm left. You have a problem with that?
    1. Re:so we can ... by Himring · · Score: 1

      This is just a starter planet anyhow....

      --
      "All great things are simple & expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope." --Churchill
    2. Re:so we can ... by dreamchaser · · Score: 0

      Tell you what, you stay here then. The rest of us will move off to another planet and use it all up before moving on, like we're supposed to do. Lifeforms use resources. Generally speaking, successful lifeforms use them really well, then move on to a new source. I'm tired of the human self loathing I am bombarded with. Should we be smarter and try to be cleaner as we use up resources? Sure. Should we feel bad about using them? Not in the least. I know you didn't expound, but your post certainly gave the impression that you think it would be better if we just died off here on Earth and didn't move on to greener pastures.

    3. Re:so we can ... by Rakishi · · Score: 1

      There are 6 billion people, we cannot move onto greener pastures. Heck we can't even fling all our bodies into low earth orbit faster than we breed new ones with any sane method. Thats not even talking about trying to send any sizable percentage of the population to another solar system. Humans will remain on Earth for a long time to come and for a long time to come Earth will be the only sustainable place for humans so we better keep it habitable.

      I'm sure some lovely genetically engineered cybernetic ally enhanced descendants of ours will colonize the solar system but plain old homo sapiens sapiens are pretty much planet locked.

      I guess if we really get tired of the solar system we can stuff a big rocket up Neptune's backside and gravity fling Earth towards some other solar system but thats about all we can do. Granted the centuries+ of utter darkness during the trip would utterly suck.

    4. Re:so we can ... by Gilmoure · · Score: 1

      Heck we can't even fling all our bodies into low earth orbit faster than we breed new ones with any sane method.

      Does a really big potato gun count as sane method?

      As for utter darkness during trip, just ignite Neptune and bring it with us.

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    5. Re:so we can ... by polar+red · · Score: 1

      The rest of us ... will murder each other on the trip.
      --
      Yes, I'm left. You have a problem with that?
    6. Re:so we can ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Join your friendly neighborhood seminary or convent. They're looking for people like you.

    7. Re:so we can ... by Zentac · · Score: 0

      you forgot the last point

      Profit!

    8. Re:so we can ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...learn about the universe and ourselves in the process?

  20. That's not how the number system works by benhocking · · Score: 3, Funny

    Everyone knows it's the even-numbered versions that are stable...

    --
    Ben Hocking
    Need a professional organizer?
    1. Re:That's not how the number system works by wokkawokkadoodoo · · Score: 1

      I think you might be thinking of Star Trek movies.

    2. Re:That's not how the number system works by Adambomb · · Score: 1

      I mean, who migrates to a new world until at LEAST service pack 2

      --
      Ice Cream has no bones.
    3. Re:That's not how the number system works by Xyrus · · Score: 1

      Well, sequels that are even suck.

      Uh....yeah.

      ~X~

      --
      ~X~
  21. Earth 2.0, more like by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Thundara, and when we destroy that the catpeople will end up going to Third Earth.

    1. Re:Earth 2.0, more like by $RANDOMLUSER · · Score: 1
      I always liked New Chicago.

      NEW CHICAGO: Inhabited world, Trans-Coalsack Sector, approximately 20 parsecs from Sector Capital. The primary is an F9 yellow star commonly referred to as Beta Hortensis.

      The atmosphere is very nearly Earth-normal and breathable without aids or filters. Gravity is 1.08 standard. The planetary radius is 1.05, and mass is 1.21 Earth-standard, indicating a planet of greater than normal density. New Chicago is inclined at 41 degrees with a semi-major axis of 1.06 AU, moderately eccentric. The resulting variations in seasonal temperatures have confined the inhabited areas to a relatively narrow band in the south temperate zone.

      There is one moon at normal distance, commonly called Evanston. The origin of the name is obscure.
      From The Mote in God's Eye.
      --
      No folly is more costly than the folly of intolerant idealism. - Winston Churchill
    2. Re:Earth 2.0, more like by Rhinobird · · Score: 1

      Wasn't it renamed to "Dame Liberty" for a short while?

      --
      If Mr. Edison had thought smarter he wouldn't sweat as much. --Nikola Tesla
  22. now that we can find them by niloroth · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What are we going to do about getting there? Unless we can figure out some way to travel faster than the speed of light, i doubt any human will ever step foot on a planet outside our solar system. I think it far more likely that we will have to terraform one of the ones near us, and even then, we seem to messing this one up way faster than we could even start that process. I think hawkins may be right, 1000 years at most left for us. Although that really may have been a bit optimistic.

    --
    09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
    1. Re:now that we can find them by cdrguru · · Score: 1

      There are lots of ways of getting there that we already know about. The first thing is to get a probe launched to some system with something that appears to have strong possibilities for life. This would be potential water signatures, right distance from the star, etc. The first probe will be a difficult and long-term project but will spur many activities.

      If you've read stuff by Larry Niven, what started everything was probes. And then hibernation ships that caught up to and passed some probes by.

      How long until humans get there? With what we know today, it could be done with a multi-generational ship. But such a ship would likely be outmoded by the time it reached its destination. We're not quite there with hibernation yet, and it would suffer the same problems.

      Yes, an faster-than-light drive isn't possible in ordinary space as we know it today. But there are several alternatives that could be explored. Today, we're not even thinking along those lines. Probes returning information in 20 or 30 years that showed extrasolar life would change many things on Earth.

    2. Re:now that we can find them by jshriverWVU · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Your view seems 1/2 true. No person in a single lifetime can make the journey. The goal would be to create a ship large enough to sustain many families, and the resulting offspring of a couple generations would make it.

    3. Re:now that we can find them by StikyPad · · Score: 2, Interesting

      the resulting offspring of a couple generations would make it.

      Aside from the lifetimes of "Are we there yet?", you know the offspring would just take the fact that they're on an interstellar voyage for granted, and they wouldn't even appreciate the arrival. "This is the planet my great grandfather wanted to visit," they'd say. "Let's check out Earth."

    4. Re:now that we can find them by PMBjornerud · · Score: 1

      I am not an author, but write should create some sci-fi that focuses on the population of a "generation ship".

      Synopsis:
      Never seen earth, some of the children will refuse that it exists, and reject the idea that they are born to settle a new planet. Maybe they would think it is lies to control the people, and reject what they are taught? They sabotage the computers with the teaching material and make it impossible to properly teach new generations. Over the next two generations, the population aboard the ship reverts to a basic tribal society with a religion based on what they can observe living on the ship.

      Short stories can be set in various segments of those events. Their tribal society arriving on the new planet sounds like the basis for a novel.

      If there are any books anywhere close to this out there, I'd appreciate replies telling me about them :)

      --
      I lost my sig.
    5. Re:now that we can find them by aldheorte · · Score: 1

      You may not need a generation ship. You could use a cryogenic ship. There are several species on earth that can go into indefinite freeze and reanimate (frogs being one). It's likely that human cryogenics will become a reality long before the technology for sending a self-sufficient colony to another solar system becomes a reality and therefore the colonists who leave Earth will be the ones who arrive, even if they are very old in real time when they do, but not much older in biological time.

    6. Re:now that we can find them by mcvos · · Score: 1

      Not all extrasolar planets are hundreds of lightyears away. The closest known so far is only 10 lightyears away. At .5 c that's 20 years. Give the colonists a free World of Warcraft subscription and off you go.

    7. Re:now that we can find them by Yoozer · · Score: 1

      Heinlein's Orphans of the Sky describes such a scenario, but the story ends when they arrive on the planet.

    8. Re:now that we can find them by PMBjornerud · · Score: 1

      Thanks!

      --
      I lost my sig.
  23. Earth 2.0... not! but Space 0.1alpha by ccozan · · Score: 1

    C'mon guys. Accept it. The geek in us should be overjoyed to see/hear such news. After all that SF we've read, after so many Star Trek episodes seen, this team of astronoms, astrophysicists gives you this list _now_. Can you imagine that not being fiction? I can only hope to see during my left lifetime ( let's say 50 years at least) really flying there. Not that i am bored with news from Spirit, Opportunity, Huygens or Cassini, but this give us hope.

  24. I cannot be alone by blindd0t · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...when I say if it is actually called "Earth 2.0" that I would seek Kevorkian's "assistance." (Joking, of course.) The moniker is used way too much! Instead, I feel we should call the planet "Godzilla" so it would be entertaining to hear people scream its name in excitement upon viewing it for the first time.

    1. Re:I cannot be alone by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Japanese Man 1: RUN! IT'S GODZILLA!
      Japanese Man 2: It looks like Godzilla, but due to international copyright laws - it's not.
      Japanese Man 1: STILL! WE SHOULD RUN LIKE IT IS GODZILLA!
      Japanese Man 2: Though it isn't.
      [Japanese Man 2 Winks at Camera; both scream and run away]
  25. Updated stats by EvilGrin5000 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The link to Space.com for the 'most interesting extra-solar planets' has a top 10 list with all the new updated data. The article from the summary said that the fastest planet's orbit around its sun is 1.2 days, where instead the top-10 list shows a recently discovered planet with an orbit of just 10 hours! There is a link that leads to this page http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/061004_fast_ planets.html that talks about 'fast planets' and shows the new data.

    I recommend going to the top-10 list found at http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/extrasolar_p lanets.html just click at the bottom link where it says "Number 10: The First" and off you go! It's actually a really nifty countdown :)

    Enjoy!

    --
    A black cat crossing your path signifies that the animal is going somewhere. -- Groucho Marx
  26. Maybe Earth 2.0 SP1 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There's no way I'm going to be the first one using an x.0 planet.

  27. Re: Schwarzenegger by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What, Fuhrer? /ducks

  28. Earth 2.0? by Carik · · Score: 1

    What the heck are you smoking?

    How about "earth-like planets"? Or "planets like ours"?

    Honestly... phrases like "earth 2.0" and "web 2.0" (not to mention WiFi, which really ought to be pronounced "whiffy") make me wonder about the collective intelligence of the technically inclined.

  29. OT: sig reply by Gilmoure · · Score: 0

    Do you really think George Washington, Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson would approve of the Patriot Act?

    If they don't, it's just because they're stinking traitors who belong down in Guano Bay prison.

    --
    I drank what? -- Socrates
  30. Re:WOOT!!! Earth 2.0 by Belacgod · · Score: 1
    Do you really think George Washington, Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson would approve of the Patriot Act?

    Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and the Conway Cabal would approve just fine.

  31. Space.com... the worst website in the universe? by sean.peters · · Score: 2, Insightful

    God, what a mess the "Top 10 Exoplanets" site is! Bright orange background that is absolutely physically painful to look at, requires 10 click-throughs to read the whole article (when each page has about a paragraph of text), the text itself is in little iframes that require you to scroll to get past the first few sentences - and don't get me started about the content (what little there is). If you haven't visited it... don't.

    1. Re:Space.com... the worst website in the universe? by cswiger · · Score: 1

      Seconded. The actual Exoplanets site here has a lot more real data, it actually links to the abstracts of the papers where the discoveries were actually published, and has zero ads:

      http://exoplanets.org/planets.shtml

      --
      "The human race's favorite method for being in control of the facts is to ignore them." -Celia Green
  32. Re:WOOT!!! Earth 2.0 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Patrick Henry

    Is that the one with the hammer?

  33. Better index of extrasolar planets by SirBruce · · Score: 1
  34. Earth 2 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I, for one, welcome our new Terrian overlords.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_2_(TV_series)

  35. missing step by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Let me add the missing step.

            * continue to wreck this one?
            * declare them part of the axis of evil?
            * export our garbage there ?
            * ... ?
            * PROFIT!!

  36. Looking for Earth 2.0? by clovis · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Why do you assume that we are not already on Earth 2.0?

    1. Re:Looking for Earth 2.0? by Junior+J.+Junior+III · · Score: 1

      Right on. But, we won't even have a decently useable Earth until version 3.1 is out.

      --
      You see? You see? Your stupid minds! Stupid! Stupid!
    2. Re:Looking for Earth 2.0? by kperson · · Score: 1

      Because there would be a change log.

    3. Re:Looking for Earth 2.0? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh? I thought we were already on Earth 3.11 for Workgroups.

  37. Well... by Greyfox · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We'd have to work around that nasty speed of light thing first. I seem to recall that it'd take about 450,000 years to reach the one we found that has water, which is 20 light years from here. If that proves impossible then those planets will be forever out of our reach.

    --

    I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

    1. Re:Well... by cswiger · · Score: 2, Insightful

      We'd have to work around that nasty speed of light thing first.

      True, that's a big problem compared with the popular "space opera" notion we've gotten from Star Wars, Star Trek, and so forth. But if we could get a vessel up to 10% of light speed, we could get to Epsilon Eridani in about 107 years, which isn't an impossibly long timeframe.

      Of course, the fastest we've gotten any space craft going is about 0.02% of light speed (Helios 2 @ 241,350 km/h), if I've done my math right, but that took advantage of the solar gravity well to accelerate into a tighter orbit, rather than fighting out of it enough to reach escape velocity with respect to Sol. The Voyager series craft, for contrast, have managed to reach system escape velocity, but only retained a velocity of about 0.003% of c (62,100 km/h). We'd need to get them going some thousand times faster than what we've done so far to make interstellar voyages to the closer stars doable within something vaguely close to a human lifespan.

      --
      "The human race's favorite method for being in control of the facts is to ignore them." -Celia Green
    2. Re:Well... by master_p · · Score: 1

      It's not that impossible to travel to another planet within a radius of 500 light years, provided that we built an autonomous spaceship which can host many generations of people...the most likely candidate is a big rotating cylinder which offers 'gravity' by rotation. If it can achieve the 1/2 of speed of light, then it can reach the other planet in 10-15 generations. Achieving 1/2 of the speed of light is not that impossible, provided that the spacecraft can accelerate for a long time.

    3. Re:Well... by mcvos · · Score: 1

      We'd have to work around that nasty speed of light thing first. I seem to recall that it'd take about 450,000 years to reach the one we found that has water, which is 20 light years from here.

      Light actually travels slightly faster than you think it does. 20 light years means that at lightspeed, you'd need 20 years to get there. Ofcourse we can't reach lightspeed, but at half lightspeed, we'd need 40 years, and at 10% of lightspeed, it's 200 years. A long time, but a lot less than 450,000 years.

    4. Re:Well... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      that would imply an average speed of 13324 m/s, or 0.000044c. that's 1/225th of ONE PERCENT of the speed of light. our propulsion technologies aren't exactly impressive, but they're not -that- useless.

      as a comparison, nasa's new horizons mission, recently launched, will be travelling at "10 miles per second", which is roughly 16000 m/s, a speed already greater than the one you cited. granted that it is unlikely that this is the average speed for the mission, it is nonetheless ridiculous to assume an interstellar speed of only 13km/s. given the much greater distance and time allowed for acceleration, your estimate of transit duration is absurd. solar sails have a theoretical max speed near 0.3c, which is thousands of times faster than what you suggest. assuming an average speed of only 0.15c, your 450000 year trip would be complete in a much more reasonable 133 years.

      we wouldn't need to work around the "nasty speed of light thing" unless we needed transit times less than 20 years. there's a big difference between 20 years and 450000 years. what we do need to work around is the political climate we find ourselves in, where practical spacecraft designs that would enable interstellar travel at a significant proportion of the speed of light (project orion) were tabled in the 60s due to concerns over launching radioactive substances into space. because we all know how we need to keep space free of radiation (!!!!).

      assuming that the human body will not change dramatically any time soon (cyborgs, etc), we can say that the limiting factor on transit time, aside from technology, is human structural concerns. lets say that we accelerate at a comfortable 9.8m/s^2 for the first half of the trip, turn around, and accelerate at -9.8m/^2 for the second half. unfortunately, about one year into the trip, relativistic effects become significant as velocity approaches c. the distance covered during this time is about half a light year. slowing to a stop would also take one year, and another half a light year in distance. this would leave about 19 light years left to travel, at relativistic speed, which would take (you guessed it) 19 years. this means the total trip time, 21 years, is barely any longer than the amount of time it takes light to get there.

      now, this analysis assumes the existence propulsion capable of reaching relativistic speeds. even the orion project design would only be capable of 0.04c using fission bombs, 0.09c using thermonuclear bombs, and over 0.5c using matter-antimatter bombs. going with the 0.09c figure, as we don't have matter-antimatter bombs just yet, and an analysis identical to the one above, maxv is achieved in roughly one month, covering only virtually no ground (0.004 light years). travelling at 0.09c, the trip would then take a grand total of 222 years. that's using technology that has been available (although not politically) for 40 years! your quoted time is roughly 2000 times longer!

      i think the real things we need to be looking for today are not reasons to cop out of expanding the reach of humanity but instead ways to enable the human spirit of exploration for generations to come.

  38. There are NO extrasolar planets. by zippthorne · · Score: 1

    The IAU recently cemented the definition of planet, carefully avoiding a useful classification that generalizes to objects outside the solar system. Suffice to say, under the current definition, no extrasolar body is a planet, even if it's a sub-molecular copy of Earth squarely in the habitable zone of a star which purely by coincidence happens to be a spectral twin of Sol.

    --
    Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    1. Re:There are NO extrasolar planets. by emurphy42 · · Score: 2, Informative

      More precisely, the new definition does not attempt to classify extra-solar bodies as either planets or not-planets. It starts out like this (emphasis mine):

      The IAU therefore resolves that "planets" and other bodies in our Solar System, except satellites, be defined into three distinct categories in the following way:

      The IAU's working group on extra-solar planets does offer a working definition, subject to change. See Wikipedia for more details. See also rogue planets.

  39. We already have it by WindBourne · · Score: 1

    It is mars. It is not 100%, but close enough. And there is increasing data to indicate that it does have life (bacterial, but still life).

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    1. Re:We already have it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Man, you're a fucking imbecile.
      There is no data for life on Mars.
      Also if Mars is earthlike then I can impregnate a horse. A horse has four limbs, mammalian features and breathes oxygen so close enough!!!

    2. Re:We already have it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      While I doubt that you could impregnate a horse (got to have a dick first), there is no doubt that your mother was a horse, because you are a total ass.

    3. Re:We already have it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      awwwww, did i upset your boyfriend? i hear a sloppy rimjob will do wonders for his mood!

    4. Re:We already have it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah, so you have found it works wonders on some of your boyfriend, eh? Have a few in Krakow? Let me guess, you reported a peeping tom to the constabulary. And then they found it was you peeking on yourself? So then you sued yourself in small claims court?

  40. Standard SF options by geek2k5 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    While we don't have the tech in place to make the trip now, we do have ideas of what could be done. We just need to get some cheap Earth to Orbit launch facilities in place so we can start research and development of the tech needed. (Rutan's SpaceShipX ships. Space elevators. Catapult launch from high altitude sites.)


    Once we have a lot of people and equipment in space, we could do such things as build generation ships and take the slow route. Whether powered by Sol base lasers, atomic bombs (Orion), ion propulsion, solar sails or other related tech, we can launch something at choice targets without a lot of extra tech. (It would be more of an engineering problem than a science problem.) It will take a long time to get there and the odds of sending people back will be low if it is attempted.


    Now with space based research we might be able to come up with variations on the classic FTL drive, making it possible to do such a trip and make it back in a reasonable amount of time. This would require some basic breakthroughs in science, followed by engineering to make the science usable.


    At this time those breakthroughs are mostly pipedreams. But in centuries past, things like steam engines, airplanes and spaceships were the same way. While they may seem simple to us, in years gone by they were future technology that needed a lot of research to make it possible.


  41. This is how Earth 2.0 will be found. by gastr0pod · · Score: 1

    http://kepler.nasa.gov/ After Kepler launches we will know about an additional 1-2k planets. 4-6 years after it launches we should know about at least one Earth 2.0.

    1. Re:This is how Earth 2.0 will be found. by IndieKid · · Score: 1

      I'd be happy with an Earth 1.5 - somewhere with the resources necessary to build a sustainable existence, even if humans are not able to wander around on the surface unaided.

  42. Re: Many generations by PigIronBob · · Score: 1

    I can see a lot of ethical problems with that solution, but that never has been a problem in the past though.

    --
    You never catch me alive
  43. Don't you mean... by Cappy+Red · · Score: 1

    Don't you mean "attempt no landings 2.0 there?"

    --
    This is my sig. It's prescription, I swear. I need it for reading things... on the other side of things
  44. So we can... avoid extinction, maybe? by PMBjornerud · · Score: 1

    As everyslashdotter knows, it is crictical to have reduncancy for anything you consider important. Life, for example.

    Without another planet, we'll die with this one. Giant meteors, weird bursts of radiation and other freaks of nature could wipe life off this planet. In theory, it could happen anyday. If you're not scared of that because of the extremely low probabilities involved, then consider the 100% inevitable and total incineration of all life on earth when the sun blows.

    Anyhow, sitting around on earth until everything is "perfect" is not much better than mass suicide, tomorrow. Because things will never be "perfect". We will still disagree and still be stuck here on earth when the sun blows some billions of years into the future.

    Also, keep in mind that we're talking on a cosmic scale here. Other planets may be dead. For all you know, other planets would be overjoyed to have the environmental problems of earth. Because they're fucking dead, mister. I'm just saying that applying subjective standards to ourselves before we spread life, is utterly stupid. Without any detailed knowledge of other planets, our issues on earth could be horrible, or they could be absolutely wonderful, the dream and envy of every other planet. We simply don't know.

    Most other planets will certainly not be able to support human life as well as this one. That means that everywhere we settle will basically become a case-study for improving the environment. Which will surely cause some research and feedback to improving things back on earth. I just don't see any problem here.

    --
    I lost my sig.
    1. Re:So we can... avoid extinction, maybe? by polar+red · · Score: 1

      i know that. but i also know that with the mentality of cavemen we still have, we won't go very far.

      --
      Yes, I'm left. You have a problem with that?
  45. Galactic plane by amightywind · · Score: 1

    in any case then, the next question is if the solar systems in our galaxy mainly orbit in the plane of the galaxies rotation. I'd assume so.

    The galactic plane is inclined at 123 degrees from the ecliptic. Its only a single example but your hypothesis has no basis. The torque that would bring the oblate, rotating sun and galactic core into the same plane are vanishingly small.

    --
    an ill wind that blows no good
  46. You forgot by Colin+Smith · · Score: 1

    The evil laugh at the end. Mwhahahaaha. There, put it in for you.

    --
    Deleted
  47. Earth 3? by meringuoid · · Score: 1
    Let's just skip to 3.

    Third Earth? Well, if that's your choice of destination I suppose you're free to go there, but I'd suggest you avoid going anywhere near the Onyx Pyramid. Just a helpful safety tip.

    --
    Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
  48. Heresy by benhocking · · Score: 1

    Star Trek IV was the best of them all!

    --
    Ben Hocking
    Need a professional organizer?
  49. Minor Detail... by Greyfox · · Score: 1

    We don't HAVE a spaceship that can go 10% of light speed right now...

    --

    I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

    1. Re:Minor Detail... by mcvos · · Score: 1

      We don't HAVE a spaceship that can go 10% of light speed right now...

      We also don't have a spaceship that can go there in 450,000 years. Not one that can carry people, anyway. When you want to go beyond Earth's orbit, I'm afraid you're going to have to build a custom vehicle to get you there. And we can build one that can go 10% of light speed. We're just not willing to spend that kind of money.