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What If the Apollo Program Had Continued?

proslack writes "The die had been cast years before Apollo 11 had even reached the moon. In the late 1960s, the Vietnam war was straining US finances. A fatal fire on the Apollo launch pad in January 1967 had blotted NASA's copybook. The Soviet moon effort seemed to be going nowhere. In the budget debates during the summer of 1967, Congress refused NASA's request to fund an extended moon programme. What if things had been different that summer? Suppose Congress had granted NASA's wish, then fast-forward 40-odd years..." A nice little what-if sort of story that makes sorta nostalgic for a non-existent present.

389 comments

  1. If the Apollo Program would have continued . . . by MarkvW · · Score: 3, Interesting

    We wouldn't have had Vietnam (this frees up the money) and the Cold War would still be going on (this motivates rocket development).

  2. Bad news by elrous0 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The whole thing was fueled by the ongoing Cold War pissing contest. Continuation of the space race would have meant dealing with the ever-increasing tension of the Cold War. So I'm sad we never got our cities on the moon, but it's a damn good trade-off for not having to worry so much about all-out nuclear war.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    1. Re:Bad news by l3ert · · Score: 1, Offtopic

      We survive because of our animal instincts. Gods forbid that one day our consciounes and intellect takes over. The future is an endless suburbia.

      --
      per dolorem ad astra
    2. Re:Bad news by thisnamestoolong · · Score: 1, Interesting

      I can't see that this argument really follows... are you arguing that the cessation of the space program brought about the collapse of the Soviet Union? The Soviet Union was on the verge of collapse either way until Gorbachev (wisely) decided to try to make the collapse as painless as possible. It is perfectly feasible that would could have continued going to the moon through all of this, and I would argue that our society would be a better place if we had maintained the same zeal for space exploration that we had during the 60's. Certainly the "space race" pissing contest was a very large part of it, but you seem to be falsely assuming that correlation implies causation, space exploration would certainly not have continued the Cold War.

      --
      To the haters: You can't win. If you mod me down, I shall become more powerful than you could possibly imagine
    3. Re:Bad news by CAIMLAS · · Score: 5, Funny

      If we'd continued the Apollo missions, we'd have found either:

      1) That there was indeed a prehistoric alien civilization on the backside of the moon.
      2) That it was almost impossible to hide the continued war between advanced US and Russian spaceships on the backside of the moon.
      3) There was indeed a better alternative to space icecream.

      --
      ~/ssh slashdot.org ssh: connect to host slashdot.org port 22: too many beers
    4. Re:Bad news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      You must be retarded. It is precisely because of MAD and *intellect* and communication (UN is the forum there) that nuclear war was averted. If all you do is rely on "god" and your animal instinct, then hell, this is exactly what is driving suicide bombers to blow themselves up. Their beliefs in afterlife and lack of consciousness and the entire thing about the-end-justifies-the-means that they are so reckless and dangerous. If USSR was anywhere as fanaticisized as Middle East, there would have been nuclear war in the 50s not to mention 70s.

      The Cuban missile crisis averted war precisely because,
          1. Kennedy agreed to remove missiles from border of USSR in Turkey - USSR got it a major concession for not deploying nukes in Cuba.
          2. A political officer on board of a russian sub denied retaliation for US surface ship dropping depth charges at the blockade.

      All this was precisely because of *intellect* and not stupid "animal instinct". Animal instinct is the retards on board of that US ship that started dropping depth charges. If it wasn't for the unnamed political officer to stop the "animal instinct" of captain to retaliate, the world today would most likely not include myself.

    5. Re:Bad news by flowsnake · · Score: 2, Funny

      3) There was indeed a better alternative to space icecream.

      In Space No One Can Eat Ice Cream

    6. Re:Bad news by Hatta · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If you haven't noticed, there are still thousands of nuclear weapons on both sides, and perhaps dozens in the hands of smaller states. Personally, I'd worry a lot less about nuclear war if we did have cities on the moon. At least then nuclear war wouldn't wipe out all of us.

      --
      Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    7. Re:Bad news by Usually+Unlucky+ · · Score: 1

      Well the cold war was ended by a military "pissing contest" in the mid 80s. The USSR could not continue to spend the amount of money it was to keep up with the Americans. This, with a few more things, effectively brought an end to the Soviet Union. Perhaps the space race could have been the back breaker 20 years earlier and the world would not have had to ten thousand nukes the soviets stockpiled in the 70s.

      --
      -
    8. Re:Bad news by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It's hard to imagine Cold War tensions getting much higher than they actually did. If we'd continued the "space race" (treated the race as a marathon rather than a sprint, so to speak) we'd simply have substituted one form of competition with the Soviets for another -- and you know, seeing who could build the most space stations and Lunar colonies would have been a much better form of competition than seeing who could blow each other up the most times over.

      We could have built half the military-industrial complex we did, still had more than enough for MAD, and put the money into NASA. The USSR would almost surely still have collapsed, and today we'd have an American solar system instead of a bunch of missiles and silos that we're not sure what to do with.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    9. Re:Bad news by elrous0 · · Score: 1

      I'm arguing that it was Cold War tensions that fueled the space race. For the race to have continued, the Soviets would have had to keep pushing back (they basically called a space race ceasefire with the end of their moon program), and the tensions would have increased much higher than they did. At some point, it had to come to an end. It's nice to kid ourselves and think the space race was all about the zeal for exploration and knowledge and all that (what the politicians on both sides certainly CLAIMED), but the truth is that it was basically a giant pissing contest. Without Sputnik it never would have started, without either the U.S. or Soviets blinking it never would have ended.

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    10. Re:Bad news by Runaway1956 · · Score: 1

      "I would argue that our society would be a better place if we had maintained the same zeal for space exploration"

      Agreed, wholeheartedly!!

      "you seem to be falsely assuming that correlation implies causation, space exploration would certainly not have continued the Cold War."

      I'm not so sure of that. As we have learned in the past few months, America's tremendous wealth was largely a matter of perception. One day, people woke up (en masse, individuals already understood the facts) and realized that houses really aren't worth a zillion dollars, and our economy started collapsing around us.

      The important thing is, wealth is a matter of perception. And, so is security. Given enough fear, given enough scientific breakthroughs, given a series of attainable goals - yes, both Russia and the US could be on the moon today, still locked in the Cold War. Not to mention, we could both be looking around, wondering how the hell those Arabs, Chinese, and Indians got up there with us. (We would probably blame it on security and technology leaks through NATO - those Euros are some sneaky people, LMAO)

      --
      "Windows is like the faint smell of piss in a subway: it's there, and there's nothing you can do about it." - Charlie Br
    11. Re:Bad news by UncleTogie · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If all you do is rely on "god" and your animal instinct, then hell, this is exactly what is driving suicide bombers to blow themselves up.

      What amazes me is how quickly people tell my "my" religion is suggesting I kill people for God. MY spiritual beliefs ask me not to kill 'less I'm directly physically threatened, and even then, I've gotta be pretty darn careful I don't miss and hit a neighbor with a round. Animal instincts are nice for gut-level reactions to situations, but you've takin' it pretty far to believe that's all a Christian/Muslim/Hindu/Buddhist/etc would rely on. Heck, were they running on instinct, they'd be AVOIDING death, wouldn't they?

      I hear that argument often, and Dawkins harped on it a lot in The God Delusion... which makes about as much sense as painting all atheists as acting like O'Hair was reputed to {by her son}. I won't argue with an agnostic/atheist finding inspiration in Darwin or elsewhere if they stop griping where I find it from.

      One thing I can assure you: "My" God doesn't ask me to kill people, and if he ever did, I'd be checking myself into the nearest funny farm.

      --
      Don't tell me to get a life. I'm a gamer; I have LOTS of lives!
    12. Re:Bad news by pyrrhonist · · Score: 2, Funny

      In Space No One Can Eat Ice Cream

      In space no one can hear you scream for ice cream. We all do it, though.

      --
      Show me on the doll where his noodly appendage touched you.
    13. Re:Bad news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Playing battlezone are we?

    14. Re:Bad news by sjames · · Score: 1

      Actually, it was overspending on the military that eventually broke the USSR's back. If that overspending could have been on the space race instead (military by proxy), it's back would still have broken, but the U.S. be a lot better at space now and wouldn't have suffered the huge black eye in Vietnam (and the resultant years stumbling around aimlessly for much of the '70s).

    15. Re:Bad news by Sinterklaas · · Score: 1

      Or we might have had a (limited) space war, filling Earth's orbit with debris, making it impossible to have any satellites for the next thousand years.

  3. Good News Wverybody! by ArhcAngel · · Score: 4, Funny

    We would be working with Zoidberg and be drinking Slurm.

    --
    "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it." - K
    1. Re:Good News Wverybody! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And we would have speech impediments!!!

    2. Re:Good News Wverybody! by KWolfe81 · · Score: 1

      We would be working with Zoidberg and be drinking Slurm.

      More like working with Austrailians in a slave-labor camp while that squid enjoys his krill!

    3. Re:Good News Wverybody! by CaptainPatent · · Score: 1

      We would be working with Zoidberg and be drinking Slurm.

      Grunka-lunka keekret smengredient
      You should not ask about the secret ingredient.

      --
      Well, back to rejecting software patent applications.
    4. Re:Good News Wverybody! by vjoel · · Score: 2, Funny

      We're whalers on the moon....

      --
      What part of `yes no` don't you understand?
  4. Anonymous Coward by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The moon may have been a harsh mistress, but I guess we shall never know.

  5. If Apollo program had continued by freedom_india · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Highly likely that:
    1) We would have full time orbital manned space station at all times.
    2) Visits between Moon and Orbital station would be LESS frequent.
    3) Visits between Moon and Earth would be MORE frequent. (because Apollo lifts off from Earth. Public-Private partnership would see to it that NASA doesn't use the most economical way of transport)
    4) No Space Shuttle. Rockets all the way. (Why mess with something that works)
    5) Ion Spacecraft launched to Asteroids.
    6) Still no man on Mars. But a permanent computerized research station on Mars that operates from fixed locations.
    7) No Mars Rover. The Rover was a roaming answer. Fixed stations would necessitate no rover.
    8) SALT II would have long been abandoned and Earth would be surrounded by nuke armed stations.
    9) No Cruise missiles. Why build a Mosquito when an Elephant would be cheaper.

    --
    "Doing what i can, with what i have." ~ Burt Gummer
    1. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 5, Interesting

      4) No Space Shuttle. Rockets all the way. (Why mess with something that works)

      We would have a space shuttle. It simply wouldn't be the "jack of all trades, master of none" we got.

      The space shuttle was supposed to be a lightweight launch craft for transporting people to/from LEO where they could rendezvous with a space station and take a transport to a location like the moon. Economically, it made a lot of sense. It would have been fairly simple, cheap to operate, and with fewer disposable parts than the Saturn V. (Which basically throws away millions of pounds of hardware to return barely a few tons of mass. Very wasteful.)

      So what went wrong?

      Obviously, the same politics that killed the moon program. Nixon told NASA that they could have one launch vehicle, and the Saturn V was too expensive to be "it". Oh, and they needed to meet the military's needs for a launch vehicle as well, because the Titan rockets were also too expensive.

      NASA got out their abacuses, ran some numbers, decided that the shuttle was key to a future space station, and committed to producing a super-shuttle that could be all things to all people. After all, they had the technology, right? Right?

      Well, sort of. The engineers did an amazing job of producing the most sophisticated piece of space equipment ever designed. The power curves were incredible and the engines left the Saturn V in the dust. Only problem: It was a hellva lot of mass to send up and bring back, leaving little room for cargo. Worse yet, it was so complex that maintenance costs were through the roof. In the end, it would have been cheaper to continue operating the Saturn V with the economics of scale resulting in MORE cost reductions than the Shuttle ever realized!

      What I'm getting at is that if we're going to play along with this dream-world where politics don't kill off programs, we'd have the Saturn V, the space shuttle, the space station (with artificial gravity!), and transport tugs originally envisioned by NASA. Because all those pieces have to fit together to make this mythical lunar base of 5,000 people possible.

      Back here in reality, all those ideas were doomed from the beginning. The politicians only ever supported the space program to combat the USSR. By the 1970's, the Soviet Union had already collapsed. They were just coasting on momentum from there on out. That's why (save for a push by Regan to push the USSR to the brink of bankruptcy) the space program never recovered. There was no political need. And anyone who knows anything about politics knows that there has to be a need commiserate with size of the solution before there will be a large commitment. Hopes, dreams, and peaceful exploration ala Star Trek just don't cut it. :-(

    2. Re:If Apollo program had continued by 0xdeadbeef · · Score: 2, Funny

      You forgot warp drive and space elevator.

    3. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 3, Informative

      8) SALT II would have long been abandoned and Earth would be surrounded by nuke armed stations.
      9) No Cruise missiles. Why build a Mosquito when an Elephant would be cheaper.

      Read up on the Revolt of the Admirals sometime. There's a good reason why we have cruise missiles and not nukes. It's not for want of orbital platforms.

    4. Re:If Apollo program had continued by pha7boy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't see the connection between rocket development, moon exploration, and SALT II. Reagan would still have been a nuclear abolitionist, his meetings with Gorbachev would still have discussed the reduction and elimination of nuclear weapons, maybe even more so if there had ever been nuclear bases in space.

      To me it's sad that what seems like a very plausible counterfactual of what would have happend had congress not hamstrung NASA in the late 1960s is now a work of science fiction. Then again, all is not necessarily lost. Maybe something can be salvaged, even if I will not live to see it come to fruition.

      --
      -- All this knowledge is giving me a raging brainer.
    5. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Fallen+Seraph · · Score: 1

      The irony is that the replacement for the shuttle is going to be... a rocket >.>

    6. Re:If Apollo program had continued by cmowire · · Score: 1

      Also, budget cuts at the wrong parts of development. Replacing titanium structure with aluminum, for example.

      In retrospect, the real mistake was not acting on the Shuttle II papers in the late eighties and instead concentrating on even more complicated systems like the X-30 and X-33.

    7. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's not ironic at all. NASA made an economic misstep by developing the Shuttle. The economics of launch vehicles favor the inline stack with smaller boosters for man-rated vehicles and larger boosters for cargo. Ne'er the two shall meet.

      In absence of a clear need for a space station as a rendezvous point, taking a step backwards to more sophisticated capsules is how you get back on track for economic success.

    8. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Beatlebum · · Score: 1

      >> The power curves were incredible and the engines left the Saturn V in the dust

      Not really. The Saturn V was the most powerful engine ever built. It consisted of five F-1 rocket engines, each of which is more powerful than all three SSMEs(Space Shuttle Main Engines).

    9. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...and the engines left the Saturn V in the dust

      What are you talking about? The first stage of the Saturn V had pounds of force, while the first stage of the Shuttle only has 1,225,704 pounds of force. Even if you compare them engine per engine, The F-1 was a hell of a lot more powerful than the SSME!

    10. Re:If Apollo program had continued by MozeeToby · · Score: 3, Informative

      By artificial gravity, I assume you mean using rotation to produce centrifugal force? I just don't see that being likely until we have a more efficient way than rockets to get material into space, or possible until we have a way to mine and refine metal from space.

      Human physiology limits you to 2 RPM, any higher than this and motion sickness becomes very common. That means that to get a full G of apparent gravity, you need a station with a radius of nearly 225 meters. Obviously, you could probably make do with less than a full G. How much less while still maintaining muscle mass and bone density is an unanswered question so far. If a half G is enough, you're in a much better situation, the radius would only have to be 110 meters. If you don't care about everyone not getting motion sickness you could probably up the RPMs to 4, getting the radius down to 28 meters. Of course, that means that your head will be under 10% less force than your feet, which I imagine might take some getting used to.

    11. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Compare apples to apples, please. The SSMEs are analogous to the J-2. (SSMEs are more powerful, BTW.) The F-1 analog is the SRB engines.

      If you want to get off the ground in a hurry, the SRBs will happily flatten you to a pancake. In comparison, the Saturn V barely lumbered off the pad.

    12. Re:If Apollo program had continued by harl · · Score: 1

      8) SALT II would have long been abandoned and Earth would be surrounded by nuke armed stations.

      8.5 Some part of the earth would be irradiated due to an on the pad explosion.
      8.75 Some part of the earth would be irradiated due to a post launch explosion.
      8.875 Some part of the earth would be irradiated due to a satellite failing/being sabotaged.

      Regardless of the waiting disasters it's generally not a good idea to put nukes somewhere you can neither defend nor maintain them.

      --
      I find being offended by me offensive.
    13. Re:If Apollo program had continued by mcgrew · · Score: 3, Funny

      NASA got out their abacuses

      Pedantic nit: they used slide rules back then. Abacuses (the electronic ones that use bits for balls that you have on your desk) were for heavy-duty computations.

    14. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      First, your numbers for the shuttle are flat out wrong. You forgot to account for the thrust from the SRBs. Second, your numbers for the SatV are missing. Third, the F-1 and the SSMEs are not comparable. The F-1 == SRB and the SSME == J2. Look them both up and you'll find that the shuttle is WAY more powerful on a per-engine basis.

      Here are some corrected numbers:

      Saturn V

      Thrust: 34.02 MN
      Mass: 3,038,500 kg
      Thrust to weight ratio: 11.19:1

      Shuttle

      Thrust: 30.45MN
      Mass: 2,030,000 kg
      Thrust to weight ratio: 15:1

      As you can see, the shuttle has 34% more power for its weight than the Saturn V. This is more than sufficient to accomplish the liftoff goals. The SRBs are actually shaped internally to REDUCE thrust during flight to prevent overstressing of the Shuttle hardware. The idea is to get up to Max-Q as quickly and smoothly as possible, then throttle back until the thickest part of the atmosphere is cleared.

      There's a reason why the cosmonauts always like hitching a ride on the shuttle. As launch vehicles go, it's a really nice ride both on the way up and on the way down. ;-)

    15. Re:If Apollo program had continued by jdigriz · · Score: 1

      1) Yes, given that we have that now, even though we have significantly less launch capacity than the Saturn V. 2) Less frequent than what? There have been 0 trips between the ISS and the moon. 3) Yes, given that humans haven't been back to the moon since '72, that would be more frequent. No, if there is only one method of transport, it is, by definition the most economical. You have to have competition to have a comparison. 4) Possibly. Von Braun had plans for a very different type of shuttle called the Saturn shuttle. 5) Yes, given that we've already done this, Dawn Mission is En Route http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/ 6) I disagree, the Saturn V launcher would have made it possible to assemble a mars ship in orbit in with multiple launches comparatively cheaply. It launched Skylab in one launch! 7) Also disagree, we've got fixed research stations on Mars in addition to the rovers, see the Mars Phoenix Lander, the Mars Pathfinder Lander (Carl Sagan Station) the Viking probes, etc. 8) Maybe. There's limited advantage in orbital nuke stations compared to ICBMs and IRBMs. Plus, they cost fuel to maintain and there's the danger of accidental reentry. 9) Cruise missiles are of more use in a Cold War since they don't have that nasty problem of appearing to be a strategic launch.

    16. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      By artificial gravity, I assume you mean using rotation to produce centrifugal force?

      Correct. While we usually think of "artificial gravity" as some sort of sci-fi graviton thingy, von Braun used to term to describe the effect of rotating wheel in space.

      That means that to get a full G of apparent gravity, you need a station with a radius of nearly 225 meters. Obviously, you could probably make do with less than a full G.

      The original proposal by von Braun and Willy Ley was a 3-deck, rotating wheel with a diameter of 76 meters. Rotation would have been 3 RPM to provide artificial gravity of 1/3 earth normal. Since the effects of weightlessness were not known at the time, I believe von Braun intended the gravity to make the station more operationally efficient rather than meet the health needs of the crew.

      I just don't see that being likely until we have a more efficient way than rockets to get material into space

      You have to remember that they had the power of the Saturn V at their disposal. No weight was too heavy! No craft too large! And with the Nova drawings on the board, it was only a matter of time before mankind was the master of his solar system!

      Of course, the fact that NASA was spending a fairly sizable chunk of the GDP on space exploration was lost on these engineers. There was not going to be a Nova, the Saturn V was seen as too expensive, and their ideas for a space station were simply too grand.

    17. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Replacing titanium structure with aluminum, for example.

      Interesting. I would have pointed to the heat shield, instead. Carbon-carbon was nearly invincible and was used for the leading edges of the space shuttle. But as a cost savings measure, they came up with that screwy tile system instead. It saved a ton on development, but it cost them later on.

      And oh man, did it ever cost them.

    18. Re:If Apollo program had continued by hemp · · Score: 1

      The Space Shuttle is a relic of the Cold War. They only benefit over rockets is the Shuttle's ability to have multiple landing sites. After all, wings are pretty useless in space.

      The US did not want one of their capsules coming down over Soviet controlled areas and the Soviet's gaining access to our technology.

      --
      Skip ------ See the latest from http://www.anArchyFortWorth.com
    19. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Pedantic nit: they used slide rules back then.

      Yeah, except they often referred to them as "computers". At least until the "electronic" variety became popular. So shush, you. :-P

    20. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Sperbels · · Score: 2, Informative
      The Saturn V could lift more than double the shuttle's cargo capacity (maybe triple, it's been a while since I researched this) and achieve escape velocity at the same time.

      The SRBs are actually shaped internally to REDUCE thrust during flight to prevent overstressing of the Shuttle hardware.

      The Saturn V boosters were detuned as well.

    21. Re:If Apollo program had continued by cmowire · · Score: 1

      It's not just cost-savings. Carbon-carbon is also much heavier... up to 10 times heavier. Furthermore, do remember that what brought Columbia down was impact on the Carbon-Carbon leading edge.

      The options for the shuttle heat shield mostly revolved around "hot structure" using titanium and other refractory metals, which would have been incredibly heavy if it was to take the load, so it wasn't seen as a viable option. They tried an ablative coating on the X-15 and it turned out to be quite hard to maintain in a reusable craft. So the decision was mostly ablatives vs. tiles. It looked, at the time, like they could use tiles and then retreat to ablatives if the tiles turned out not to work.

      I tend to be a believer in the "low-density reentry" idea, which got nixed after they ran out of money to make it fully re-usable. See, the less dense the craft re-entering, the less the thermal protection system needs to work. If the orbiter and external tank were combined, the thermal load is reduced. Maybe hot structures could be used in that case.

      Note that SpaceX uses hot structure niobium nozzles in the upper stage. This is for a good reason. Regenerative nozzles are expensive and heavy. Carbon-carbon nozzles shatter. Whereas niobium nozzles can be smacked against the upper stage if the staging isn't smooth enough and it mostly works OK (of course, when that happened, tank sloshing ruined the mission anyway... but it would have been fine with just a good smack to the nozzle.

    22. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The Saturn V could lift more than double the shuttle's cargo capacity

      I addressed this above. The Shuttle Transport System has better power output, but it has to waste it on carrying a giant airplane into space. The Saturn V was less powerful, but far more flexible. Put whatever you want on top and it gets to space. That often meant the Apollo capsule/command module/lander/moon equipment combo with sufficient velocity to make lunar orbit, but also occasionally meant a huge hulk of steel and solar panels like SkyLab.

      The Saturn V boosters were detuned as well.

      I'm not talking about detuning. I'm talking about reducing engine output once maximum dynamic pressure is reached. If the SRBs maintained maximum thrust, they'd push the shuttle beyond its structural limits.

      From Wikipedia:

      The propellant is an 11-point star-shaped perforation in the forward motor segment and a double-truncated-cone perforation in each of the aft segments and aft closure. This configuration provides high thrust at ignition and then reduces the thrust by approximately a third 50 seconds after lift-off to avoid overstressing the vehicle during maximum dynamic pressure (Max Q).

      What you're referring to is the resonance problems inherent in the engine vibration of the F-1 engines. i.e. The "pogo" effect. As I recall, this issue is currently the biggest challenge facing the Ares I stack. The Space Shuttle was vulnerable to some pogo effect, but adding dampeners to the LOx fuel lines was sufficient to prevent the effect.

    23. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is a good read

      http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/8004.easterbrook-fulltext.html

    24. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Chris+Burke · · Score: 1

      Abacuses (the electronic ones that use bits for balls that you have on your desk) were for heavy-duty computations.

      That's funny, because when I'm doing logic calculations by hand, I sometimes use my balls for bits!

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    25. Re:If Apollo program had continued by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah yes. You know an article is going to be well-researched and factual when it starts off by quoting an urban legend...

    26. Re:If Apollo program had continued by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      Yeah, except they often referred to them as "computers". At least until the "electronic" variety became popular.

      No, back in the slide rule days, a "computer" was a woman who did your calculations for you by hand. After you'd roughed out the figures with a slide rule, you handed the problem to the "computers", who would do the calculations exactly...

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    27. Re:If Apollo program had continued by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      8) SALT II would have long been abandoned and Earth would be surrounded by nuke armed stations.
      9) No Cruise missiles. Why build a Mosquito when an Elephant would be cheaper.

      Read up on the Revolt of the Admirals sometime. There's a good reason why we have cruise missiles and not nukes.

      Partly right, mostly wrong. The Revolt lead to the USN cruise missiles of the 1950's/early 60's - but those were replaced by SLBM's as the shortcomings of cruise missiles became apparent. (The shortcomings were mostly guidance and accuracy problems, plus concerns of the hangars they would be housed in on submarines represented a major flooding hazard. Surface ship launching platforms were believed to be too vulnerable.)
       
      Modern era cruise missiles (ALCM, GLCM, Tomahawk, etc...) came about because they were a class of nuclear weapon not limited by SALT II. (Though I find the grandfathers conclusion that SALT would be a dead issue to be a questionable one.)

    28. Re:If Apollo program had continued by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      That was one variation of the term "computer". But as my old fashioned flight computer can attest to, slide rules were often referred to as computers as well.

      It's interesting listening to some of the vets from WWII. They'll often talk about their "trajectory computers" or their "bombing computers" or their "landing computers". To the modern ear, it sounds like they're talking about early electronic machines. Yet these references are just specialized slide rules used to "compute" results for a set of measurable inputs.

    29. Re:If Apollo program had continued by indytx · · Score: 1

      So what went wrong?

      Simple. Some movie quote described the shuttle as "10 million parts all made by the lowest bidder." That's what happens when you get politics involved. Every congressman wants some company in his district to have a piece of the pie, or NASA wants that to be the case to guarantee program survivability. It's stupid and probably doesn't make a lot of business or engineering sense. But it makes a lot of political sense, and if you're going to get something done with government money, it has to make political sense, which also means it often lacks common sense.

      --
      Make love, not reality television.
    30. Re:If Apollo program had continued by mcgrew · · Score: 1

      Slide rules were around until the early seventies, when integrated circuts made pocket calculators possible. I was in high school in the late '60s, and used a slide rule to cheat at math. Dumb teachers didn't have a clue.

      Electronic computers came about in the mid forties, shortly before I was born. Before then they employed armies of computers, who did just as you described.

  6. One of three things: by itomato · · Score: 1

    1: We would be whooshing around in solid fuel powered Jet Packs, and global warming would be a non-issue.

    2: We would be whooshing around in liquid hydrocarbon Jet Cars, and global warming would be tripled.

    3: We would be whooshing around on in intergalactic cruise ships, reclining in hovering lounge chairs, clapping for robot-delivered lunch-in-a-cup.

    1. Re:One of three things: by geekoid · · Score: 1

      Ironically, if you ahve number 3, then by necessity you wouldn't ahve a trash problem.
      I mean, they could ahve just build self sufficient high rises. And it would have been cheaper.

      I mean, how to do live on a ship for so many generation and dump your waste? Stupid.

      Still a great movie.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  7. Consequences by DoofusOfDeath · · Score: 3, Interesting

    We'd all be dead from toxic levels of perchlorate in our drinking water?

  8. What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing? by Richard+W.M.+Jones · · Score: 1, Informative

    What if Kennedy had set a lesser goal, such as orbiting the moon?

    The Russians quite probably could have achieved with with Soyuz-based technology. We "know" this, sorta, because recently someone proposed putting a Soyuz capsule around the moon for a rich billionaire with $100m to spare.

    Now you're in the situation where both superpowers are orbiting the moon, which makes it a military race. You can drop stuff easily from lunar orbit down to the earth, so both powers have to remain there.

    Assuming we hadn't ended up dead (this is a high risk alternate history) I suspect we'd be a lot further along in space travel and technology now.

    Rich.

  9. We would have gone bankrupt by flowsnake · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The rate of spending was unsustainable; we simply could not afford it, no matter how useful the research outputs might have been. On a more prosaic level, once the Cold War posturing had been successfully implemented, the political benefits would be virtually zero - even if the science would be extremely valuable.

    1. Re:We would have gone bankrupt by MaWeiTao · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'd say the increases in spending have continued, pretty much unabated. It's just that the government has found other, arguably less productive, stuff to spend that money on.

    2. Re:We would have gone bankrupt by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean the money we kept spending anyway, on the shuttle program? Stopping apollo didn't stop spending, it diverted it.

    3. Re:We would have gone bankrupt by oneTheory · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I think they realized that bailing out their greedy bank and wall st buddies was much more useful to humanity. If by useful you mean "likely to provide coke and strippers" and by humanity you mean "them".

    4. Re:We would have gone bankrupt by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      We could have afforded it if we had cut back the military spending, and used that instead for space exploration. And the science and technology developed would have greatly benefited our economy, unlike military spending which is pretty much a black hole.

    5. Re:We would have gone bankrupt by Cedric+Tsui · · Score: 1

      Not really.
      Apollo was spending ~6 billion dollars per year at its peak and there were 190 million people in the US at the time.
      That works out to $32 per person per year, or about $175 in today's dollars.

      Pricey yes. Bankrupt? I think not. Though I do agree that it might be better to send that money to the National Science Foundation.

  10. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Darkness404 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...Vietnam was effectively the cold war. Rather than fight each other an an arena that had very high stakes (an invasion of Russia and the USA) the USA and Russia decided to fight in a number of "proxy" wars such as Vietnam and Korea.

    And similarly, the cold war would have already ended itself. Soviet Russia while an interesting "experiment" ended up failing due to the fact that human nature plus the Soviet version of communism ended up with a government who could not financially sustain itself.

    --
    Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
  11. Nice by EnterDaMatrix · · Score: 4, Funny

    No mention of Walmart anywhere in this article. I like this alter-verse.

    1. Re:Nice by MrEricSir · · Score: 1

      Watch what you wish for: you're not mentioned either

      --
      There's no -1 for "I don't get it."
    2. Re:Nice by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We would have Walmarts on the moon, and Neptune Iced Chicken!

    3. Re:Nice by mcgrew · · Score: 1

      No mention of Walmart anywhere in this article.

      Until you came along.

    4. Re:Nice by EnterDaMatrix · · Score: 1

      Sometimes I can still hear whispers in the echosphere.

  12. I'm sceptical. by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Had we spent more on Apollo, we would have had more stuff on the moon. It is much less clear, though, that the economic relevance of doing so would have been any brighter than it is now.

    TFA presents a fairly rosy picture, where lifting stuff, including vationers, out of Earth's gravity is routine and (relatively) cheap. Presumably, more Apollo would have driven some cost reduction; but that much?

    TFA's predictions of bustling free markets on the moon seem even less plausible. With the possible exception of helium-3, the moon contains basically nothing worth shipping back to earth. Exploiting lunar resources really only makes sense to support lunar research activities(like big huge telescopes on the dark side) which might be "private" in the sense of "conducted by people not directly employed by the feds"; but would be largely publicly supported basic research stuff.

    I'm not seeing it.

    1. Re:I'm sceptical. by notthepainter · · Score: 1

      far side, not dark side. You know, the side Gary Larson lives on, not the one Pink Floyd lives on.

    2. Re:I'm sceptical. by fiannaFailMan · · Score: 1

      With the possible exception of helium-3, the moon contains basically nothing worth shipping back to earth.

      Au contraire. The place is full of Titanium.

      --
      Drill baby drill - on Mars
    3. Re:I'm sceptical. by cmowire · · Score: 1

      Aluminum, Iron, and Titanium. All in sufficient quantities to be worth extracting. And putting a mass driver to get it up to space cheaply is not in anybody's backyard, especially if you do it on the dark side of the moon. For building large things in space (like a version of Iridium where the ERP was the same as a cellphone tower's or solar power satellites or space habitats or any number of other things) it's cheaper to mass-driver it from the moon and have a refinery in orbit than to ship it up from Earth, given that you can't be in somebody's backyard or use nuclear rockets in the atmosphere.

    4. Re:I'm sceptical. by dogmatixpsych · · Score: 1

      We would also have global warming (or is it "climate change") on the moon due to increased human activity.

    5. Re:I'm sceptical. by maxume · · Score: 4, Informative

      So is the earth (it is the 7th most abundant metal). Titanium is expensive because it is expensive to refine. Wikipedia indicates that more titanium dioxide is produced than titanium metal (the dioxide is used as a white pigment) and that current reserves are on the order of about 120 years of current production:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium#Occurrence

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    6. Re:I'm sceptical. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      If you change that to nothing worth shipping back to the surface of Earth. he's completley right. It IS conceivable that if you wanted to build something really big in Earth orbit, it would be cheaper to get the materials from the Moon. But you'd need to be building enough that it made sense to buid a factory in Earth orbit (or on the Moon) to make it. And our current orbital infrastructure isn't even close.

    7. Re:I'm sceptical. by jrob323 · · Score: 1

      How bad would things have to be on Earth (notwithstanding my neighbors and their damn barking dog) before it would be preferable to live in a pressurized cavern on the moon?

    8. Re:I'm sceptical. by fiannaFailMan · · Score: 1

      So is the earth (it is the 7th most abundant metal). Titanium is expensive because it is expensive to refine. Wikipedia indicates that more titanium dioxide is produced than titanium metal (the dioxide is used as a white pigment) and that current reserves are on the order of about 120 years of current production:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium#Occurrence

      Fair enough. But in the event of developing the moon, it would be handy to have access to raw materials on the moon instead of having to ship everything from Earth. I'd imagine Titanium would come in useful for a lot of applications up there. It'd be cool if a spacecraft could be manufactured on the moon, for example.

      --
      Drill baby drill - on Mars
    9. Re:I'm sceptical. by glennpratt · · Score: 1

      While the moon rocks seem to have a lot of Ti, I doubt we would ship it back... we have plenty of it hear already. It's the 7th most abundant metal on earth and it's contained in just about everything. It's just a pain to deal with using current processes.

    10. Re:I'm sceptical. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The moon has almost no atmosphere, so "climate change" isn't really a concern

    11. Re:I'm sceptical. by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      And why exactly is it expensive to refine? Does it require a lot of energy, like aluminum does? If so, there's tons of free solar energy on the moon, plus you don't have to worry much about environmental destruction.

      Seems to me that it'd make a lot of sense to mine and refine titanium (and aluminum) on the Moon, and use that for constructing spacecraft. Plus, you wouldn't have to use much fuel to launch these spacecraft from the Moon, unlike Earth.

    12. Re:I'm sceptical. by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      You don't need to go to the Moon. Just get some ground beef and mix some rat poison in with it.

    13. Re:I'm sceptical. by maxume · · Score: 1

      Sure, but this all started when somebody said there wasn't anything on the moon worth bringing back to Earth.

      I'm pretty sure it isn't worth mining titanium on the moon and then bringing it back to Earth.

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    14. Re:I'm sceptical. by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

      You have neighbors who would eat ground beef you threw over the fence?

    15. Re:I'm sceptical. by holmstar · · Score: 1

      [sarcasm]
      Yeah... warming up all of that atmosphere that exists on the moon...
      [/sarcasm]

    16. Re:I'm sceptical. by dem0n1 · · Score: 1

      "There is no Dark Side of the Moon, as a matter of fact, it's all dark."

      --
      Why save your soul when you can sell it for a profit?
  13. Johnson City is a nice place... by Tetsujin · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...but it's got no atmosphere...

    --
    Bow-ties are cool.
    1. Re:Johnson City is a nice place... by ionix5891 · · Score: 2, Funny

      gasp!

    2. Re:Johnson City is a nice place... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_City,_New_York , you insensitive clod.

    3. Re:Johnson City is a nice place... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That'd actually be pretty tough to do on the moon.

  14. The Secret Studios in Nevada Would be Busy.... by jameskojiro · · Score: 4, Funny

    The Secret studios in Nevada where they faked the moon landings would be really busy, they would be having to fake not only the moon bases, but the Mars landings and the bases there as well.

    Because we never made it past low earth orbit.

    The Above thread is sarcastic, if you hadn't noticed.

    --
    Tsukasa: All I really want, is to be left alone...
    1. Re:The Secret Studios in Nevada Would be Busy.... by WankersRevenge · · Score: 1

      Orbit? The last message I got through my tin foil hat was that they were still trying to figure out suborbital flight which I think is bogus. This whole flight thing is all a bunch of smoke and mirrors fueled by the liberal media so we will watch more television.

      In any case, you should check out the movie Capricorn One. It's an oldie but goodie where NASA fakes a mars landing. Would you believe it stars at young OJ?

    2. Re:The Secret Studios in Nevada Would be Busy.... by jameskojiro · · Score: 1

      Why do you think they framed him for murdering his Ex-wife and her boyfriend???

      Lucky for us OJ fought the power.

      But that didn't help him as those sneaky snakes framed him for something else.

      --
      Tsukasa: All I really want, is to be left alone...
    3. Re:The Secret Studios in Nevada Would be Busy.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The space shuttle never made it past low earth orbit. Other launch vehicles do make it past low earth orbit, take geosynchronous satellites for example or craft that travels other planets. Some of the communication satellites are as big as a bus the lunar landers were no larger. The lunar landers also had rockets made for them can can no longer be made which is why we are making new rockets for possible mars missions. We made it to the moon, it was hard, lives were lost in the progress and many new technologies resulted from the missions, Mars/moon missions would be no different, if we don't push the boundaries our civilization will die. There may also be resources out there that we can use that don't exist on the earth but how will we know about them if we don't even try to find them?

    4. Re:The Secret Studios in Nevada Would be Busy.... by ignavus · · Score: 1

      If the moon landings had been faked by studios on earth, it would have looked better than it did.

      I saw the original moon landing on TV as it happened, and Hollywood would have made it more sensational. AND the lead actor would not have fluffed his lines.

      --
      I am anarch of all I survey.
  15. If the Apollo program had continued... by sjfoland · · Score: 5, Funny

    Arizona would be littered with soundstages by now.

    1. Re:If the Apollo program had continued... by dem0n1 · · Score: 1

      I think we would have outsourced it to Mexico, or Tunisia by now.

      --
      Why save your soul when you can sell it for a profit?
  16. The plot of IronSky wouldnt make sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    and then Slashdotters wouldnt be able to welcome their Nazi ... oh wait.

  17. Apollo by Elektroschock · · Score: 1

    Both programmes followed up on the German research, USSR took the workers, US the lead engineers and in the end the USSR was the first in space. Sputnik crisis. That was shocking for the US. The US space program was an attempt to catch up with the Soviets. So if the US had not succeeded the USSR would.

    1. Re:Apollo by jedidiah · · Score: 1

      Sputnik was only shocking to the general population that was unaware of
      everything that was going on in terms of missile development at the time.
      Eisenhower also made a very conscious decision to SPECIFICALLY AVOID using
      military hardware for our first orbit. We were very much pulling our punches.

      Ultimately, Sputnik was an afterthought of the Soviet ICBM program.

      The Soviets did not have the guy that was fixated on getting to the Moon.

      That guy was not working on the relevant civilian rocket.

      --
      A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
  18. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by flowsnake · · Score: 2, Informative

    What if Kennedy had set a lesser goal, such as orbiting the moon?

    The Russians quite probably could have achieved with with Soyuz-based technology. We "know" this, sorta, because recently someone proposed putting a Soyuz capsule around the moon for a rich billionaire with $100m to spare.

    The Soviets did have the Luna programme - including Luna 10, the first artificial satellite of the moon. Interestingly, they focussed on robot exploration of the moon and remote collection of samples - probably closer in principle to the methods that will be used for future exploration of other planets in our solar system than manned flights.

  19. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by ATestR · · Score: 0, Troll

    And similarly, the cold war would have already ended itself. Soviet Russia while an interesting "experiment" ended up failing due to the fact that human nature plus the Soviet version of communism ended up with a government who could not financially sustain itself.

    And now the US looks like it will be emulating the USSR in decline.

    --
    âoeAny society that would give up a little liberty to gain a little security will deserve neither and lose both.
  20. My guess by Daimanta · · Score: 0

    We would now try to colonize the moon with all the negative side-effects you can imagine. But guess what, it didn't happen so there is no point in speculating because it will never become anything more than speculating.

    --
    Knowledge is power. Knowledge shared is power lost.
    1. Re:My guess by PBoyUK · · Score: 3, Funny

      You're right, such speculation is a needless waste of time. Though not quite as silly as reading and complaining about said speculation in response to an article on that very subject.

    2. Re:My guess by khellendros1984 · · Score: 1

      But guess what, it didn't happen so there is no point in speculating because it will never become anything more than speculating.

      I disagree. Speculation may be just a kind of mental masturbation, but looking back at what could have been sometimes gives insights about what you might want to see happen in the future.

      --
      It is pitch black. You are likely to be eaten by a grue.
  21. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by XPeter · · Score: 1

    Mod parent up!!

    A "cold war" is when both countries give each other the "cold shoulder" (Indirect fighting ect). In this case, they used puppet wars such as Vietnam and Korea. The cold war was more of an arms race more then anything, mainly to see who was the "Top dog" after WW2.

    --
    "The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has it's limits" - Albert Einstein
  22. we need a definitive goal by circletimessquare · · Score: 3, Insightful

    what i mean is, just going out there just to have a look-see isn't a valid reason to spend quadrillions. we need to

    1. discover an alien race, or
    2. be faced with the definitive soon upcoming extinction of earth as a supportive biosphere for some reason, whether man made or cosmic or terrestrial in origin, or
    3. discover some fantastic energy source or resource out there (or drug... spice?)
    4. more tribal chest thumping and grandstanding a la the cold war
    etc.

    these are reasons that are easy to grasp and easily capture the attention and the imagination of all. this provides the political and cultural and popular compunction to spend large sums of cash on the endeavour

    sure, there are lots of reasons to go out there right now. except they are all amorphous and ill-defined and longwinded. something pressing and urgent and/ or clear and easy to grasp is what is needed to get us motivated

    there really is no motivation to go out there right now. again, i mean solid, clear, urgent, and earnest motivation

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:we need a definitive goal by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or if some interdimensional alien squid monsters teleported into major Earth cities, killing millions...

    2. Re:we need a definitive goal by fiannaFailMan · · Score: 1

      The question is, 'is there life out there?'

      The answer is a profound one whether it's yes or no.

      --
      Drill baby drill - on Mars
    3. Re:we need a definitive goal by ionix5891 · · Score: 1

      discover an alien race

      all we have to do is wait for ww3 to be over and wait for vulcans to show up once we construct a warp drive in montana :D

    4. Re:we need a definitive goal by cdrguru · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Item 2 is a dead certainty. Take a look around with Google maps. See if you can find spots on the planet where there are marks of impact craters. Look at the small one in Arizona - it is 3 miles across and a mile deep still after 50,000 years of erosion. Now think about what the day was like 50,000 year ago when it hit. Likely to have been a very, very bad day in the Southwest US. I suspect stuff was falling in what is now San Francisco. Lots of stuff. Big stuff. If that rock hit us today it would likely wipe out all life in most of the Southwest US and possibly take out everyone in Mexico as well. Remember, 50,000 years ago there were people on the planet, people that you would recognize as human.

      Take a look at Wolfe Creek in Australia - it is 35 million years old and you can still easily see it from space. Think about the day that hit.

      There are plenty more examples. Look around for nice round lakes in Canada. A good portion of them are impact craters.

      OK, these things are spread out over a long period of time. But the key here is that we haven't been hit in a long time. We haven't been hit by anything big in a very long time. Over a long enough period, it is an absolute certainty we will be hit again. Even a small rock is going to cause a massive loss of life, whereas a big one could wipe out all life on a continent. A water strike - actually the most likely - would probably scoure everything off the grouund for hundreds of miles on all nearby coasts. An Atlantic hit would utterly destroy Europe to nearly Switzerland and Indiana on the US side. South America would be almost devoid of life.

      There are three choices: hope that God will protect us and it will never happen to his Chosen people (whoever they are), be able to go out and prevent an impact, or be somewhere else when it comes. Right now, we are operating under the first alternative which I suspect most people will agree sucks. The second is not utterly beyond our capabilities, but it would be tough and require plenty of warning. I'm certainly in favor of a combination of the second and third alternatives. The third implies a self-sustaining outpost that could survive if Earth was wiped out. We are a long way from that being a realistic possibility. But it is something to strive for.

      The way things are now, all we can do is hope for a benevolent God that will protect us. And maybe hope for Santa Clause to come and give us all what we need if it did happen. Sorry, I gave up on these options when I was about eight.

    5. Re:we need a definitive goal by swb · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I think what the space program lacks now is that grand, unifying sense of adventure. Getting there and seeing what's out there are the kind of thing EVERYBODY can get behind -- there's no specific religious, political or racial bias to outer space exploration.

      One thing we've stopped figuring out and stopped doing due our own personal greed are the grand, public gestures of government that provide some kind of bigger purpose. People stopped what they were doing to watch the NASA launches and the Apollo missions; literally -- cars pulled over to listen to the radio, people gathered round and took in its majesty. Kids wanted to be astronauts. It looked like we were *going somewhere* as a civilization.

      Now we've sharpened our pencil and realized the "better" science is robots, shuttle missions and other non-inspiring projects designed by bean counters, not visionaries. And what do we have? An underfunded, bureaucratic NASA seen as a cash soak and a civilization bent on narcissism, egocentric enrichment and sectarian bias.

      I say, send guys to the moon and beyond. Yes, it's expensive (think of the good engineering jobs!), yes the science isn't as "good" as your robots and deep space cameras, but my god, we could USE the civilization-enhancing awe and purpose. North Korea and Iran lambasting our cultural decline? OK fine, but we're reaching for the stars, not getting lost fighting the unwinnable.

    6. Re:we need a definitive goal by gmuslera · · Score: 1

      be faced with the definitive soon upcoming extinction of earth as a supportive biosphere for some reason, whether man made or cosmic or terrestrial in origin, or

      Unfortunately, that kind of things become a motivation when it is already too late, either because is somewhat sudden, or because the "right" preparations will take time (and too much money that surely will be expent instead on trying to mitigate whatever is coming). Just suppose, to put a close date, that "something" will happen in 2012. You think that 2-3 years is enough to have i.e. a self-sustained city on the moon? An incoming asteroid, or i.e. yellowstone supervolcano, could give us far less time to prepare.

      Anyway, is too expensive right now, unless something dramatic happens that changes numbers. Be a cheap propulsion system, a space elevator, abundant and easily available energy (better yet, if that only happens with materials that could be massively found in moon), or even IAs that could do that for us at a fraction of the cost.

    7. Re:we need a definitive goal by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      There are three choices: hope that God will protect us and it will never happen to his Chosen people (whoever they are), be able to go out and prevent an impact, or be somewhere else when it comes. Right now, we are operating under the first alternative which I suspect most people will agree sucks. The second is not utterly beyond our capabilities, but it would be tough and require plenty of warning. I'm certainly in favor of a combination of the second and third alternatives. The third implies a self-sustaining outpost that could survive if Earth was wiped out. We are a long way from that being a realistic possibility.

      You're forgetting something. Do nothing - take the hit. Sure, you stand to have perhaps millions of casualties (depending on size, strike location, etc.) but the chance of wiping out a significant fraction of the earth's human population is small. Not zero - always edge cases for Truly Bad Things, but there are enough humans in essentially separate ecologies to survive pretty much anything as a species.

      I think that having surviving humans in the Andes after a Big Strike is a much more likely scenario than a functional space colony for a least the next 50 - 100 years.

      The reasons for going into space are many, but short term survival of the species isn't it.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    8. Re:we need a definitive goal by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Apparently learning more about the universe isn't good enough for you. You are what is wrong with the world.

    9. Re:we need a definitive goal by I'm+not+really+here · · Score: 1
      We will only ever have one of two answers to the question of 'is there life out there?'
      1. 1. Yes (Woo hoo!)
      2. 2. Not sure yet, only a few more trillions of worlds to search before we know definitively if all are barren of all life.
      --
      Before commenting on the Bible, please read it first
    10. Re:we need a definitive goal by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Look at the small one in Arizona - it is 3 miles across and a mile deep still after 50,000 years of erosion.

      To be fair, erosion is sort of a myth in Arizona. We get just enough rain in a year to wash off about half of the dust that settled in between storms.

    11. Re:we need a definitive goal by jtheisen · · Score: 1

      something pressing and urgent and/ or clear and easy to grasp is what is needed to get us motivated

      Horny, naked women discovered on Mars!

    12. Re:we need a definitive goal by Explodicle · · Score: 1

      I did it... I DID IT!

    13. Re:we need a definitive goal by MaWeiTao · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think it's more than a lack of adventure. There's this undercurrent in society, particularly American society, of extreme cynicism. There's this excessive, irrational desire to be iconoclastic. Not everyone, but the attitudes are prevalent enough that I think it hurts the nation as a whole. And of course, it's a vicious cycle. Why should anyone care when nobody else seems to?

      I think chances are good we're going to see progress in space exploration come from nations like China where there still is strong nationalistic pride. However, I think they're far enough behind that it wont be for a while. And certainly, in the meantime attitudes here could change, although I'm not optimistic.

    14. Re:we need a definitive goal by swb · · Score: 1

      I expect (and want?) a certain amount of iconoclastic thinking to keep things fresh, but the cynicism has reached the point where those who we would most expect to have respect for values, institutions and laws, such as our corporate leadership and politicians, openly flaunt them. The corporate executives are the worst, IMHO, as they basically advertise the idea that obeying the law and rules is for rubes and suckers.

    15. Re:we need a definitive goal by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      Getting there and seeing what's out there are the kind of thing EVERYBODY can get behind -- there's no specific religious, political or racial bias to outer space exploration.

      True, but meaningless. While there is no bias to space exploration per se, there are plenty of arguments against spending the money, and plenty of people who believe those arguments. (And I can't convince myself they are entirely wrong.)
       
       

      One thing we've stopped figuring out and stopped doing due our own personal greed are the grand, public gestures of government that provide some kind of bigger purpose.

      With regards to Apollo, we can't stop doing something we never started doing in the first place. Apollo was a Cold War pissing contest, nothing more and nothing less.
       
       

      It looked like we were *going somewhere* as a civilization.

      That's a delusion based on the unfounded assumption that Apollo was something it wasn't.

    16. Re:we need a definitive goal by GPLDAN · · Score: 1

      An Atlantic hit would utterly destroy Europe to nearly Switzerland and Indiana on the US side.

      Turns out this is Joe Jackson's next money making scheme, now that his cash cow Michael is dead. Buy all the land in East Gary, wait for the strike to hit the Atlantic. Viola, instant beachfront property. Yes, he stole the idea from Gene Hackman's Lex Luthor, just without the nukes.

  23. What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by goffster · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Even the Earth has a whole lot of undeveloped acreage in the ocean.

    1. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by khellendros1984 · · Score: 1

      A beautiful view, aliens hiding in sublunar caves, and all the cheese you can eat! Plus, I hear there's a man up there. He might appreciate some conversation.

      --
      It is pitch black. You are likely to be eaten by a grue.
    2. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by frank249 · · Score: 1

      Off earth colonies are the only way to insure that all of mankind will not be wiped out by a extinction event like a comet/asteroid strike. One major strike and that is it for mankind. A lunar colony is a cheap alternative for the continuance of the human race. Eventually other colonies could be set up. There are other locations that have even a lower delta v than the moon. In any event for now our only insurance is Colbert's DNA riding on the space station but as noted above, the space station will be deorbited in a few years. $100 billion burnt up with very little science to show for it. Add the shuttle development costs of $176 billion and you could have paid for a lunar colony. Had the money used for the shuttle been spent on nuclear space propulsion we would have a ship with a 1,000 ton payload instead of a shuttle with 60,000 lb payload. We need a colony that is eventually self sustaining for the continuance of mankind. As they say, the meek shall inherit the earth. The rest of us will escape to the stars.

      --

      Today's vices may be tomorrow's virtues.

    3. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even the Earth has a whole lot of undeveloped acreage in the ocean.

      Yes, thank you Aquaman.

    4. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by goffster · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If you wiped out all life on the earth with an asteroid, no matter what, it would be more habitable than the moon.

    5. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by JerryLove · · Score: 1

      A shallow gravity well and (once you figure out how to station there) easy access to useful resources for interplanitary travel.

      Also: basically unlimited solar power.

    6. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by goffster · · Score: 1

      The ease of launching, I will certainly grant you that.

      But you already have unlimited, uninterrupted solar power here on earth in the form
      of the Sahara.

    7. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by 32771 · · Score: 1

      So what is more difficult protecting against zero pressure or protecting against the pressure under water:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater

      Here is another good one:

      "At depths greater than a few hundred meters, the sun has little effect on water temperature, because the sun's energy has been absorbed by water at the surface. In the great depths of the ocean the water temperature is very cold. In fact, 75% of the water in the world ocean (the great depths) has a temperature between 0 ÂC and 2 ÂC."

      The shelf is what is left to you, a bit meagre I would say.

      And there is more:

      http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/NetProductivity.html

      so you are looking at:
      "Estimated Net Productivity of Certain Ecosystems (in kilocalories/m2/year)"

      Ocean close to shore 2,500
      Open ocean 800 ...
      Lawn, Washington, D.C. 6,800

      Now compare this to the moons surface:

      Surface temperature

      "During the lunar day, the surface temperature averages 107ÂC, and during the lunar night, it averages -153ÂC."

      At least it does get warm sometime and has negligible convection loss.

      And it gets better:

      http://www.lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Lunar_Temperature

      "so at the equator T is about 296 K, or a comfortable 23 degrees C if you bury yourself sufficiently. At 60 degrees that drops to 249 K or -24 degrees C. The average subsurface temperature near the poles (85 degrees and higher) would be below 160 K or -110 degrees C."

      Also compare the solar constant of 1366 W/m^2 to the 300-100 W/m^2 we are getting here on earth.

      I might even venture a guess and predict that not only will you get a better power output of any solar power collection technology but also longer lifetime because the elements are just missing. As an example check out the ATS-3 satellite that has been working for ~30 years and compare to the 10 years you might get a warranty for on earth.

      Personally I could imagine that the stresses on material on the moon especially underground could be manageable whereas you would have to deal with multiple atmospheres under water constantly. Also you would have to deal with corrosive sea water.

      So you might cover the ocean with artificial islands maybe, but I doubt this will give you the bang for the buck, so far only oil drilling rigs get there. Granted getting the bang on the moon may require some searching for it.

      Somehow I think the Dutch have found the best way to deal with the ocean.

      The ecosystem on the moon unfortunately is missing, so I can offer no comparison there. But people will try to provide you with that information too:

      http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=09/03/28/0238200

      So finally to go to the ocean you have to take infrastructure with you and for a start you will find it difficult to support the same number of people than you can on land. Also you have to find a way to become somewhat independent from the land lubbers. You may find all mineral resources but the amount of energy available to you is similar to people on land and you have to expend more for maintenance and you also have to produce drinking water.

      On the moon you have higher initial costs but over the eons they may become negligible. You have 3-10x more energy available per area covered. This will also reduce the amount of material you have to put into energy collecting technology. You may have similar maintenance but not all needed resources assuming that water may be hard to come by. You will have to do some travelling which may be easier if earth is not your destination.

      For simplicity's sake I assumed that living is the goal not short term gains.

      --
      Je me souviens.
    8. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by coaxial · · Score: 1

      And when the sun expands to a red giant, what then?

    9. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by frank249 · · Score: 1
      And when the sun expands to a red giant, what then?

      I am hoping for anti-grav or/fusion/warp drives to be invented by then so we can escape to the stars. For now I am worried about comets that we do not see coming like the one that just hit Saturn a few weeks ago.

      --

      Today's vices may be tomorrow's virtues.

    10. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by frank249 · · Score: 1

      If you wiped out all life on the earth with an asteroid, no matter what, it would be more habitable than the moon.

      Yes and then it could be resettled by the survivors from the moon and/or Mars. A few weeks ago Jupiter was hit by something that left a scar the size of the pacific ocean yet no one seen it coming. Then there are the 50,000 nukes waiting for someone to panic and fire off. Or swine flu that is one mutation away from wiping out everyone. It is scary that that could happen to the earth at any time without warning to build shelters in mines. Werner Von Braun knew the dangers 50 years ago and mapped out a plan to colonize the solar system. It would have cost a lot less than the trillions of dollars squandered on the cold war, Iraq I & II etc. What value can you place on the survival of the human race?

      --

      Today's vices may be tomorrow's virtues.

    11. Re:What does the moon have, that Earth does not? by coaxial · · Score: 1

      And when the universe reaches maximum entropy?

      We can play this game all night. We can dream up completely impractical and ideas with no payoff because it appeals to some sort of childhood dream, or we could make actual practical plans.

      Deflecting an astroid or comment isn't necessarily that hard. There are multiple proposals, many of which can be employed today.

      The fact is, that even after a Chicxulub like event, Earth still infinitely more habitable than the uninhabitable Moon, or Mars.

      I suggest you remember what Bruce Sterling said about this:

      I'll believe in people settling Mars at about the same time I see people settling the Gobi Desert. The Gobi Desert is about a thousand times as hospitable as Mars and five hundred times cheaper and easier to reach. Nobody ever writes "Gobi Desert Opera" because, well, it's just kind of plonkingly obvious that there's no good reason to go there and live. It's ugly, it's inhospitable and there's no way to make it pay. Mars is just the same, really. We just romanticize it because it's so hard to reach.

  24. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Except the Soviets didn't really support North Korea. Even they realized they were crazy, but they were their crazy neighbor.

  25. Rosy bullshit by ShooterNeo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    All the discussions about the space program overlook a critical fact. It costs about $10,000 a kilogram or more to lift anything into low earth orbit. That means that the entire manned space program is virtually useless : there's no point in learning how to put people into space and have them survive if no affordable way for a lot of people and supplies to go into space exists. If every kilo costs 10 grand, it makes a heck of a lot more sense to send robots and equipment into space than to send people. Even repairing Hubble never made any sense : it would have been a lot cheaper to build a brand new telescope every time than to pay for each repair mission.

    The only way a moon base or a space station or a space hotel or anything else will ever be practical is if that launch cost is reduced through new technology. Personally, out of all the proposals I've ever seen, only one new technology makes the slightest bit of sense : laser launch.

    1. Re:Rosy bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do you have any idea how expensive (and heavy) it is to make and transport the main mirror into LEO?

    2. Re:Rosy bullshit by ShooterNeo · · Score: 1

      For Hubble? I recall it cost about a billion to make the first one. Presumably, cheaper copies could have been built, and launched using rockets.

    3. Re:Rosy bullshit by tgd · · Score: 1

      NASA has existed since the late 70's largely as a corporate welfare program for defense contractors -- the companies needed a way to keep their skilled employees employed between contracts as the requirements of the cold war was shifting.

      The shuttle was originally conceived as a cheap way to get to orbit, but even by the time it was first launched, the management knew that it was NEVER going to fly at the costs the public and some of congress were told to get it funded. For 30 years now the Shuttle and ISS have been used as excuses to fund each other precisely for those reasons.

      Because doing things that make sense has never been a requirement of the manned space program, they continue to make ridiculous decisions for poor reasons. Fixing the Hubble, as you mentioned, is a perfect example -- they could've built and launched a new one for less than this last repair mission cost, but it got a week solid of national TV coverage to have astronauts doing it.

      Shuttle missions, in general, are ridiculous -- it costs nearly as much to recertify the spacecraft between flights as it would to make a new one from scratch.

      Things will start to take off when companies start doing this. There are fantastic things that NASA does with its science-focused arm, but the manned space program is one of the worst examples of government waste.

    4. Re:Rosy bullshit by tgd · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Designing, building the Hubble was about $1.5billion, although there's some funny math there because in reality a lot of the hardware was shared with CIA Keyhole satellites.

      Launch cost was nearly a billion because it was done in a Shuttle rather than on a rocket.

      Hubble weights about 11000kg.

      A Saturn V, for example, could launch TEN of them in a single shot, based on weight at almost an identical cost to a single shuttle launch.

      An Ariene 5 is $120m and can carry the Hubble up to the appropriate orbit.

      For the price of the repair mission, with all the delays and the costs NASA tends to hide in their normal operating budget, they could've build and launched two brand new HSTs.

    5. Re:Rosy bullshit by toolie · · Score: 1

      Even repairing Hubble never made any sense : it would have been a lot cheaper to build a brand new telescope every time than to pay for each repair mission.

      Uhhh, the original telescope was suppose to cost $400M, but the actual cost was about $2.5B (about $300M was for storage, so say $2B to be conservative). Do you really think launching a new one every time it had to be repaired (we had five repair missions so far) would be cheaper than just repairing it? Figure about $100M per launch on top of the telescope cost.

      The entire program has cost about $5B. Your proposal would mean we would've spent about $12B in telescopes alone. Even cutting the price of a new telescope in half, we wouldn't be breaking even compared to repairing the HST.

      --
      -- toolie
    6. Re:Rosy bullshit by JerryLove · · Score: 1

      I think you may be backwards. The high cost of lifting things into space is the most obvious reason to establish a manned colony.

      Is there any reason to establish a manned colony floating in the air (here on Earth)? No. Because if you want something in the air, you put it there.

      Getting all those robots, and telescopes, and as you point out correctly, repairs of existing things in orbit from Earth is daunting. In the long term: industrial facilities in space (or in a shallow well like the Moon) may make more economic sense.

      You don't need to get "a lot" of people up: but enough to be self-sustaining.

      But circletimessquare is also very right: the initial expendatures would be huge and the targets nebulous.

    7. Re:Rosy bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Perhaps Orion (atomic pulse jets) would've been restarted as pressure mounted for cheap delta-v? One can only imagine where we would be now. Sad.

    8. Re:Rosy bullshit by ShooterNeo · · Score: 1

      But we will develop the technology to put things into orbit cheaply. We already have developed the basics : LED pumped, fiber optic lasers. The money being wasted on manned missions right now should go to developing a better launch mechanism. Even a giant factory to mass produce Saturn Vs would be better than what we have now. However, I think it's time for laser launch.

      And no, I don't think the space elevator is an idea that will ever come : the problem is the enormous cost of constructing the cable, made using theoretical materials, before you can launch even a gram. A single break anywhere in the cable, and you lose your entire investment. Not to mention that a space elevator would be slow, and you can only start lifting one load at a time to avoid straining the cable too much. Laser launch would let you cheaply blast payload after payload, every hour day and night, without any appreciable wear on the LED lasers in the laser array. (and if a few of the laser modules were to burn out, you could simply turn on hot spares while you are servicing the broken ones)

    9. Re:Rosy bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Um.. lasers will never get a large payload up there, the really only feasible cargo launch system would be a rail gun like assembly with an exit out the top of a mountain. But this would not work anything alive as the G-forces would crush it during launch

    10. Re:Rosy bullshit by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      How much of the cost of the production of the HST was marginal, vs fixed cost?

      Suppose I contracted Ford to build me ONE car to my specifications. That car would probably cost me $20M. If I instead contracted them to build me 10 cars it might cost me $22M, and if I asked them to build a million of them they'd probably sell for $25k each. The per-unit cost for small production runs tends to be overwhelmingly influenced by one-time costs.

      The HST was a cutting edge piece of technology. No doubt getting it working at all cost a fortune. However, once you figure out how to make it, making 10 more can't cost but a fraction of the original cost. I'm sure tens of millions of dollars were required just to write the software that controls the thing - surely that money doesn't need to be spent again?

    11. Re:Rosy bullshit by TheLink · · Score: 1

      > The shuttle was originally conceived as a cheap way to get to orbit

      I'm not sure about that. It's hard (impossible?) for the shuttle to be cheaper at doing what the simpler rockets can do - e.g. send stuff to orbit and leave them there.

      But what the shuttle can do that "normal" space rockets can't is bring satellites (and any other fairly big stuff) _from_ orbit back down to earth intact. This was (is?) probably an important requirement. Given that requirement, the shuttle doesn't look so ridiculous.

      The reusable = cheap seems to be more of a cover story. Given current tech, reusable = re-entry heat shielding, extra weight and complexity = very expensive.

      --
    12. Re:Rosy bullshit by JerryLove · · Score: 1

      The same technology that might be developed to decrease the requirements to lift out of Earth's gravity well could be applied to the much shallower lunar gravity well to make that more inexpensive still.

      It all boils down to deltaV budgets. Although you might create some "super engine" technology with a very high specific impules and very high thrust-to-mass: it would still be more efficient from the moon... and that's a very big "if".

      How easy is your "laser launch" from 1/20th gravity? How much easier is that to power when there's zero chance of cloud cover interfering with either your launch laser, or your solar-collectors powering it.

      That said: I don't think lasers will ever be a useful method of liftoff from the Earth's surface. That amount of light-pressure would be too difficult to produce.

    13. Re:Rosy bullshit by c6gunner · · Score: 1

      It costs about $10,000 a kilogram or more to lift anything into low earth orbit. That means that the entire manned space program is virtually useless : there's no point in learning how to put people into space and have them survive if no affordable way for a lot of people and supplies to go into space exists.

      By the same logic - it costs hundreds of millions of dollars to build a modern nuclear reactor, so there's no point in trying to build them until we can figure out a cheaper way to do it.

      Of course, you're ignoring the potential output of such a program. From asteroid mining to orbital solar collectors, the potential benefits are more than enough to make the expenditures worthwhile. Cost is relative.

    14. Re:Rosy bullshit by ShooterNeo · · Score: 1

      The way laser launch works is that the laser vaporizes a block of propellant strapped to the bottom of the rocket. In principle, the rocket could use absolutely no aerospace hardware at all. It would cost about 5 billion to buy enough laser modules for small satellites, and mabye 100 billion to be able to launch a space shuttle load of gear every time.

      Google for it. But the basic advantages are

          1. The complicated hardware is left resting on the earth. Aerospace hardware isnt needed.
          2. The lasers dont have to withstand vibration or launch stresses, and can be any arbitrary size. They can be massively redundant as well. You can use them over and over again.
          The system would be a lot simpler and a lot cheaper than anything we have today. Once in orbit, a spacecraft would need some other kind of thruster for getting around, but the orbital insertion itself would be caused by a single large laser array with no mirrors except in the laser modules.

    15. Re:Rosy bullshit by FleaPlus · · Score: 1

      All the discussions about the space program overlook a critical fact. It costs about $10,000 a kilogram or more to lift anything into low earth orbit. That means that the entire manned space program is virtually useless : there's no point in learning how to put people into space and have them survive if no affordable way for a lot of people and supplies to go into space exists. ... The only way a moon base or a space station or a space hotel or anything else will ever be practical is if that launch cost is reduced through new technology.

      This is a common misconception, but when it comes down to it, you can lower the price considerably by just using current technologies in a cost-effective manner. SpaceX's Falcon 9 (to be launched in the coming year) will lower the cost per kg to one-third of the going rate, and CEO Elon Musk believes that less than $1,100/kg is "very achievable." The difference is that up until now nobody had successfully built a rocket from scratch made entirely out of components designed to be as cost-efficient as possible. Again, keep in mind that the cost of fuel is about 1% of the cost of launching a rocket -- by minimizing the cost of components and the number of people needed to put the rocket together, you drop the overall cost substantially.

    16. Re:Rosy bullshit by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      The shuttle does science in a mini-hotel. The real heavy lifting costs considerably less than your quote. The shuttle allows us the flexibility and facilities to learn *what to do* with the cheaper launch capabilities out there. The U.S. and Russia are not the only space powers...

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
    17. Re:Rosy bullshit by JerryLove · · Score: 1

      So you are leaving the engine on Earth, but still bringing the reaction mass with you.

      Sorry, I did have it confused with laser-sailing which leaves both the reaction mass and engine behind but lacks in thrust.

      Yes. Using a laser to vaporize reaction mass could give you decent thrust. I do question that removing the engine itself offers a great deal of savings (certainly in a chemical rocket, the reaction mass and source of energy are one-in-the-same). Similarly, I haven't sen much in the way of how you would get your laser to burn well (controlling output and pressure is important)... in other words: how you would get the lasers to hit the right part of the reaction mass while simultaneously having the reaction mass in a good thrust-control chamber... all on a moving object.

      Then there's the stresses on the launch-vehicle itself to consider.

      But my misgivings about this specific method aside, the same issue remains: it's still easier to launch from 1/20g in a vacuum than from 1g in an atmosphere.

    18. Re:Rosy bullshit by ShooterNeo · · Score: 1

      You aren't bothering with any of these problems. You use pulse lasers, and you don't build an engine for the spacecraft. You simple bolt the payload to a block of inert metal. That's it. The inert metal block with the spacecraft on top starts on top of a big tower. Your laser array is timed in pulses : the first pulses vaporizes a little jet of metal, the second one is timed to create a planar shockwave that produces thrust. No control chamber, nothing. In theory the system could work with just sensors on the ground that would monitor the position and orientation of the spacecraft as it accelerates vertically (the spacecraft accelerates at 90 degrees with respect to the launch site all the way until it reaches orbit, you can reach orbit around the earth without flying 'sideways') and absolutely nothing on the spacecraft but the block of metal. More realistically, the spacecraft would have a simple sensor package, gyroscopes, control vanes, and sensors in the block of metal to measure ablation, and would transmit telemetry to the ground. Still, in an abort scenario you just turn off the lasers, fire explosive bolts to separate from the metal block, and deploy a parachute - no need to worry about the rocket exploding.

      The spacecraft could use a vasimir engine for maneuvers once in orbit.

      Anyways, there's a presentation made every few years on this idea, and there's slideshows you can view with a quick google search.

  26. Simularities Bizzaro World by chazd1 · · Score: 2, Funny

    We would still be driving around the planet in gasoline driven speedsters.

    We would not have not cured world hunger.

    We would have more than enough nuclear warheads to destroy the planet.

    Wars would not have been abolished.

    The 747 wouldn't still be the largest airliner.

    Oh yeah.. wait a minute, where have I been?

    1. Re:Simularities Bizzaro World by Explodicle · · Score: 1
  27. Nothing too good by 4D6963 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We would have some buildings on the Moon, a much less unmanned space exploration history, a few more advances in the relevant technology, and even bigger a debt.

    As interesting as going to the Moon can be, going there ourselves for 40 years continuously would serve little scientific purpose (cue the responses that we are meant to live in space like in all the cool scifi novels and that it should be our #1 priority regardless of reality), waste a lot of money (more than it'd be worth, scientifically) and divert resources from higher ROI science, like huge space telescopes and such.

    So yeah, it was cool while it lasted, but I won't cry over what could have been, because it's not like there could possibly have been any drive to do more after over a decade of space racing.

    --
    You just got troll'd!
    1. Re:Nothing too good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      thank you. this is good haber prefabrik

  28. I see by kamapuaa · · Score: 1

    Apparently this alternate time line would be just like a 50s Science Fiction aimed at children, awesome! So I'll guess, the moon would be primarily inhabited by boy explorers who say "Gosh" a lot.

    --
    Slashdot: providing anti-social weirdos a soapbox, since 1997.
    1. Re:I see by hattig · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "Gosh" said Billy.

      Jane looked up, quizzically. "What's up?"

      "I'm still coughing up blood," said Billy, who had stopped trying to revise his airlock safety certificate paper. "It's not getting any better. This moon dust is horrible. I wish we could go back to Earth, but sadly our bones are too damn weak. If only we had done some basic research before striking out into space and setting up colonies."

      "Gosh", said Jane. "Anyway, it's time for your monthly wash, we've bought enough credits for 1 minute of hot water."

    2. Re:I see by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Boom chicka bow-wow!

  29. Retirement communities on the moon by goffster · · Score: 1

    Seems to me to be the best use of the moon. Hearts last longer, perhaps, in less gravity ?
    Old rich people squander their children's inheritance to gain another 10 years living
    on the moon. Retirement homes on Earth are about as lonely as living on the moon.

    1. Re:Retirement communities on the moon by Xtravar · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Less gravity is good for the arthritis, too.
      That's a brilliant plan. Moon = new Florida.

      --
      Buckle your ROFL belt, we're in for some LOLs.
  30. Commercialization! by zhilla2 · · Score: 1

    It's a nice dream. But what strikes me as bit weird - is that there are AFAIK huge natural resources on the moon. It's basically a goldmine! So what is stopping today's multinational super-corporations from exploiting it? No natives to subdue?
    And lets be realistic - only way human race is getting to moon again is commercialization.

    1. Re:Commercialization! by ArsonSmith · · Score: 1

      The current war on capitalism isn't going to let that happen any time soon.

      --
      Paying taxes to buy civilization is like paying a hooker to buy love.
  31. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Aside from Texas, do you really believe all the states are going to split off into independent republics?

  32. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And now the US looks like it will be emulating the USSR in decline.

    ???

    I presume you are talking about the economy? Capitalism has cycles. You can't take a 6-month period and extrapolate it indefinitely into the future.

    Who is modding this "interesting"?

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  33. Moon Porn for sure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    image what can be done in 1/6 g.

  34. ...not as nice as Wangville. by hattig · · Score: 1

    Yeah, apparently shipping up lava tube sealant enough to make a kilometre diameter section airtight for the city would have been trivial.

    I think they would have bust their heads trying to get moon-dust concrete to cure, never mind sealing vast cathedrals of lava tubes. Never mind the moon dust problem in itself.

    Even if they had sensibly chosen a 20m diameter lava tube, it would have taken years to seal off, never mind having airlocks every 50m for safety. Given the speed of ISS construction, it would have taken a few years just to get a stairway from the surface to the bottom of the lava tube.

    It simply wasn't viable. It would have been cool, but nothing was known about actually going beyond trips to the moon.

    However I hope it happens within my lifetime.

  35. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Dracos · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Would the Cold War have fizzled in the way that it really did, with Saudi Arabia flooding the oil market in 1984 and causing the oil dependent Soviet economy to collapse?

  36. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When watching a documentary on the space race they interviewed Americans after the Sputnik was launched and hit the news... The sense of alarm was palpable in the voices of people. http://atlantis2.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3303172n has a great quote "We had better get on ours toes"

    One must not forget the real historic event in the space race was not in the race itself but for one moment not often found in history one MAN decided to aim for something that was out of everyones grasp. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTyYM-dUgCI choosing to do it "not because it is easy, but because it is hard" it was reported that people at NASA thought it was a far stretch to accomplish it before the decade was out.

    So see it for what it is, Humanity when it challenges itself can accomplish the unimaginable.

    Just look at Baywatch.

  37. A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by cmowire · · Score: 2, Informative

    We still haven't established what happens long-term in low-gravity. We know that zero-g is not someplace you could live forever. Is lunar gravity sufficient? We don't actually know. And it's one thing to follow the science fiction cliche that the martians and moonies couldn't adapt to Earth gravity anymore.... it's another thing if the first moonie baby is horribly disfigured.

    We don't even know if, were you to raise ten generations of rats in a 1-g centerfuge and ten generations on Earth if the centerfuge rats would be healthy by comparison.

    Helium-3 is also present on Earth. You can buy it by the tank. If just getting access to Helium-3 was enough to make fusion possible, we'd at least have one pilot reactor that was able to produce a decent sized net energy gain.

    There was a significant concern inside of NASA that our flawless luck of moon launches would run out. What if we had done a few more missions and 19 left us with dead astronauts on the moon when the LM couldn't lift off? Do you think we'd have continued at that point? Remember, there could have been one more moon landing with the hardware we had but NASA didn't want to launch it.

    The problem is, cutting off the Apollo program in favor of the Space Shuttle made fairly good sense at the time and awful sense in retrospect. Even a fool can predict the past.

    1. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You know, for a long time now I've wanted to raise a couple of generations of rats, in a 2-3 g centrifuge and see if I could raise a race of super-powerful rats. Ok, actually, I want to do it with humans, but I think we need animal trials first. Has anyone ever done this (with rats or mice or at least fruitflies)?

    2. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hate to nitpick, but those 1g centerfuge rats and the Earth rats are going to be same since ... you know ... Earth is 1g.
      On the bright side, I saved you tens of thousands of research dollars.

    3. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by cmowire · · Score: 1

      Not necessarily. Artificial gravity gives you Coriolis forces and differing levels of artificial gravity at different levels from the hub.

    4. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      Remember, there could have been one more moon landing with the hardware we had but NASA didn't want to launch it.

      There were several set of additional hardware complete or in progress - but they were off the manifest and production halted in 1968 and early 1969.
       
       

      There was a significant concern inside of NASA that our flawless luck of moon launches would run out.

      Indeed, there was serious consideration given to canceling Apollo 17 on exactly those grounds.

    5. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      agreed; I was wondering when someone would state the OBVIOUS about low-gravity environments. Just take a look at what happens to ISS astronauts left in LEO for 3 months - their bone density is substantially lowered as well as muscle mass. Imagine being in low grav for more than 2 years! There's bound to be serious health issues as we evolved with gravity; a necessary component for proper DIGESTION to occur...

    6. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      were you to raise ten generations of rats in a 1-g centerfuge and ten generations on Earth if the centerfuge rats would be healthy by comparison.

      Errrr.... I hope that's a typo, but 1 G *is* earth gravity. Your control and your test group are the same, bud.

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
    7. Re:A bunch of space cadet masturbation. by dem0n1 · · Score: 1

      There was a significant concern inside of NASA that our flawless luck of moon launches would run out. What if we had done a few more missions and 19 left us with dead astronauts on the moon when the LM couldn't lift off? Do you think we'd have continued at that point?

      That would ensure at least one more mission to return the astronauts to Earth.

      --
      Why save your soul when you can sell it for a profit?
  38. what if the Apollo program never happened by viralMeme · · Score: 2, Insightful

    While a great triumph for NASA, the Apollo program was chiefly devised to beat the USSR to the moon and thereby provide an immense propaganda victory over the commies. Once that was achieved, it had little practical use in developing space exploration.

    The US actually put its own space plane on the back burner for the duration of the Apollo program. What would have happened if the Apollo program never happened, they might have continued development of the X-15 and we would have had a safe reliable Space Shuttle decades sooner.

    'The .. X-15 rocket-powered aircraft .. set speed and altitude records in the early 1960s'

    1. Re:what if the Apollo program never happened by FleaPlus · · Score: 1

      Quite right. Although Apollo was ideal for its specific goal of landing people on the moon by a specific deadline, the lack of affordability and sustainability made it fail miserably at the wider goal of opening up space.

      It's quite interesting to take a look at Werner von Braun's pre-Apollo rocket designs and launch architectures, which emphasized reusability, in-space assembly, and high launch rates. However, once the Apollo program was announced, money was no object and the deadline was all-important, so he shifted to more costly but faster-to-develop expendable boosters.

      It looks like Von Braun's 1969 Mars proposal would have been rather more sustainable than Apollo, but unfortunately didn't go through:

      http://www.astronautix.com/craft/vonn1969.htm

      The Mars spacecraft itself would refurbished via shuttle flights, two additional PPM stages attached, the whole thing resupplied and refueled, in readiness for further expeditions to Mars in 1983, 1986, and 1988 - leading to a 50-person Mars base by 1989. With the exception of the MEM, all of the spacecraft was reused. Von Braun estimated this colonization of Mars within 20 years could be accomplished with a peak NASA budget of $ 7 billion per year. This robust, relatively safe plan was the culmination of 20 years of Mars mission planning by the Peenemuende team and took full advantage of the other space infrastructure elements in NASA's master plan. It offered the possibility for Von Braun to witness his long-held dream of a manned expedition to Mars in his lifetime.

      The Space Task Group made its final report on 15 September 1969, recommending the whole vast infrastructure envisioned by Von Braun. It was not to be -- every element of the NASA plan, except for a much-compromised space shuttle design, would be stripped away by Nixon's budget office. There was no public support for such a grand scheme. The view of Mars as a seemingly barren, lifeless, and uninteresting world in any case was reinforced by the Mariner 7 mission which flew by the planet the day after Von Braun's presentation was made. His ultimate dream crushed, Von Braun was sidelined to a headquarters post at NASA seven months later. He left NASA in 1972 and died in 1977.

  39. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by AndrewNeo · · Score: 1

    Insert XKCD joke here about extrapolation, can't open it at work.

  40. space station to be deorbited in 2016 by peter303 · · Score: 2, Informative

    Kind silly spending $100B on something that only lasts 6 years.

    1. Re:space station to be deorbited in 2016 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do you think that personal experiences and scientific discoveries made up there would only last 6 years?
      I think it is kind of blatantly stupid and inhuman spending lots and lots of money on making war to gain control over fossil fuels (which - I promise - will not last very long) or to "prevent terrorism", guaranteeing thousands of people being killed.

    2. Re:space station to be deorbited in 2016 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How about $600+ billion on something that's lasting about six years?

    3. Re:space station to be deorbited in 2016 by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      Ummm... It's not 2010 yet, and the thing is already flying with people in it. 6 years=fail. Try again.

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
  41. Small moon base by PPH · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The ISS and Hubble would probably be replaced with a small moon based research lab and observatory. While the value of the lab wouldn't be greater than the current ISS, moon-based telescopes (optical and radio) would probably far outperform anything we've got today.

    The other changes would be the trickle-down effects of the technology developed to support such a base. Specifically, higher performance and cheaper solar power arrays would probably be commonplace.

    I don't think a lunar base would be a stepping off point for a manned Mars mission. Robotics would be more or less where they are today, since the state of the art is not driven by NASA or military requirements. Unless the moon base revealed some necessity for having people on the ground, it might be an argument against further manned missions.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
    1. Re:Small moon base by bware · · Score: 1

      moon-based telescopes (optical and radio) would probably far outperform anything we've got today.

      No, they wouldn't. The extreme temperature changes, dust, and 50% duty cycle are killers. Believe it or not, when people design new missions, they consider the moon seriously. Seriously. The moon goes into the spreadsheet. Then it falls right out again when options start getting ranked.

      L2 or earth-trailing is where you want to be (further out is good but then you lose mission time to cruise time). Telescopes like stable thermal environments. Hubble being in LEO is an aberration based on political, not scientific, considerations.

    2. Re:Small moon base by PPH · · Score: 1

      The advantage a moon-based (or erth-based) telescope has over anything in orbit is size. You can ship pieces of very large arrays to a site and assemble them on the ground (earth or moon). The current state of adaptive optics makes earth-based telescopes better than orbital ones. Except for atmospheric absorption at some key wavelengths.

      Sure, there are tradeoffs between orbital 'scopes, earth-based and moon based. But the qustion was where would we be if we had continued our lunar program. And I think observatories on the moon (perhaps instead of Hubble) would have been the result.

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
  42. What if Apollo had continued... by theendlessnow · · Score: 5, Interesting
    If the Apollo program had continued:
    1. Children would still be drinking Tang.
    2. Saddam could have hid his WMDs on the moon instead of a suburb of New Jersey (shhh! it's a secret).
    3. Even more things could have been made from "space age materials".
    4. Apple would prohibit the Palm Pre from using iTunes (arguably, this happens no matter what).
    5. Michael Jackson's funeral would have been in space. Saving LA the hassle.
    6. Mythbusters would get to see if a large scale nuclear explosion really would push the moon out of earth's orbit.
    1. Re:What if Apollo had continued... by GPLDAN · · Score: 1

      Mythbusters would get to see if a large scale nuclear explosion really would push the moon out of earth's orbit.

      Ooooooh, Space 1999 episode!

  43. Houston we have a problem by pkbarbiedoll · · Score: 1
    America is going in the wrong direction. The Apollo missions were one of many highlights of America at its peak. Now U.S. schools barely prepare kids to be service workers, not scientists or engineers. America doesn't teach industrial education very much anymore (why bother when other countries with lower costs of living offer the same products at cheaper rates).

    There are so many reasons why America as the world once it is coming to an end.

  44. where would we be now? by Em+Emalb · · Score: 1

    Obligatory:

    Police: Are you classified as human?
    Korben Dallas: Negative, I am a meat popsicle.

    --
    Sent from your iPad.
  45. Let me get this straight... by Minwee · · Score: 1

    After Apollo Twenty Congress took the manned space program away from NASA and handed it over to the Navy, there are now half a dozen space stations, two moon bases, and Admiral Heinlein never let the Soviets build spacecraft.

    Or did I read the wrong article?

  46. We would all be dead now. by nurb432 · · Score: 1

    More missions would have lead to colonization of the moon, and would inevitably lead to us finding the secret alien outpost, which would piss them off and force them to eradicate us.

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    1. Re:We would all be dead now. by thms · · Score: 1

      Or the version without aliens:

      If one side had established the ultimate and sustainable high ground on the moon, a full scale war including use of nuclear weapons might not have been considered so bad. Sortof the same arguments against the Star Wars programme and other stuff that is feasible now but would break one side out of MAD - that such technology seems to make nuclear war winnable.

  47. What if...Hilter won? Or Hirohito? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You'd all be talking German-Jap, which funny as it is, is not that funny now is it

  48. Actualy, a resounding NO! by sgt_doom · · Score: 1

    The monumental amount of technical achievements which were instigated and generated by the moon program boggle the mind: digital electronics, computer engineering and microcomputers, satellite remote sensing technology, vast areas of communications, biomedical engineering, materials science and polymer chemistry, the list goes on and on ---- and lest we forget: TANG!

    The Apollo moon shot required 90,000 lines of Fortran code....imagine what Windows Vista could accomplish!!! (OK - just kidding here...)

    21st Century Reading List:

    Other People's Money and It Takes A Pillage, by Nomi Prins --- Family of Secrets, by Russ Baker --- JFK and the Unspeakable, by James W. Douglas --- Hot Money and the Politics of Debt, by R.T. Naylor --- Brothers, by David Talbot --- John Kenneth Galbraith, His Life, His Politics, His Economics, by Richard Parker

    1. Re:Actualy, a resounding NO! by MindStalker · · Score: 1

      "It Takes A Pillage"
      Wow, that's one of the greatest book titles I've seen in a long time. Hilarious. Tempted to buy it on just that..

    2. Re:Actualy, a resounding NO! by fishbowl · · Score: 1

      >and lest we forget: TANG!

      Tang, the Mandarin word for "Sugar."

      --
      -fb Everything not expressly forbidden is now mandatory.
  49. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by cdrguru · · Score: 2, Informative

    What? In 1969 Vietnam had been "won" already. If not for the US Congress deciding to pull the plug the whole fall of Saigon thing wouldn't have happened. But the most important thing is that the money for Vietnam was already spent. The remaining six years until the fall of Saigon was the US pulling out and telling the NVA to come back and be friends with their brothers in the South.

    Too bad they didn't get the message amd decided that a brother that disagreed with them about politics was better off dead.

  50. We'd have another antarctica by petes_PoV · · Score: 5, Insightful
    ... but on the Moon (and without the penguins)

    What benefits would we have got? Hard to say, probably nothing tangible - just a group of half-a-dozen scientists and technicians spending a few months at a time far out of the public gaze. There might be the occasional documentary, but there's only so much footage of rocks and dust - and one patch of dirt looks a lot like any other. So I doubt there'd be much about it in the news (again, just like antarctica). Just about the only time it would make the headlines is when there's a debate about cutting funding (again), or when something goes wrong - or when there's an expose about the billions being spent on it, for not-much in the way of returns.

    Is that what we thought we'd get?

    --
    politicians are like babies' nappies: they should both be changed regularly and for the same reasons
  51. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

    What if Kennedy had set a lesser goal, such as orbiting the moon?

    There's no tangible goal to take to the people there. What do you say? "Ha! We circled a man around the moon first!"? Doesn't hold much punch.

    Do you remember who the first man was to orbit the earth? The vast majority of people wouldn't be able to answer. Some might answer "John Glenn". Only a small fraction of a percent of people would correctly answer Yuri Gagarin.

    Do you remember who first set foot on the moon? Do you remember what his first words were? The fact that I don't have to answer either question speaks for itself.

  52. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by BenSchuarmer · · Score: 1

    We were already entrenched in the Vietnam war before we landed on the moon (let alone before Apollo was cancelled).

  53. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Rip+Dick · · Score: 1

    Here you are, good sir.

  54. Story in Asimov's by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I recall a story in either Asimov's or Analog that posited this same idea. A single year extension and they discover ice on the lunar poles, then differences back home (Jerry Brown and Jesse Jackson as presidents) and a culmination with Walter Cronkite doing a live remote on the lunar surface to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first landing. One of the underlying themes was people in that alternate future wishing history had taken a slightly different course and even more had been accomplished. Anyone else remember this story?

  55. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MarkvW · · Score: 1

    "Soviet Russia?" Not nearly. It was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Lativia, Lithuania, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Chechnya, Georgia, and other VERY different national entities made up the USSR, in addition to Russia and others.

    These nationalist forces ripped the Soviet Union apart as much or more than the "failed experiment" did.

    Nationalism did in the Soviet Union as much as its inability to equitably deliver goods and services to its people.

    Simplistic 'Russia failed because it was not America' arguments are completely unhelpful.

  56. but too vague and high minded by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Insightful

    you have to put the question in concrete direct and compelling terms, like: holy fucking shit, that planet we just found near regulus is showing clear signs of photosynthesis

    then we have a deep and strong desire to get our asses to regulus. not some sort of vague idea to go "out there"

    we need concrete goals, not nebulous ones (pun intended)

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:but too vague and high minded by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I fear that even "holy fucking shit, that planet we just found near regulus is showing clear signs of photosynthesis" would not motivate our government to do anything but say "yeah, so?". At BEST they'll all go "ok, we'll develop a rocket, NASA, you've got a billion, but I get to earmark 100m for my state" followed quickly by "you know that billion we just gave you, well, we want you to spend some of it on launching these DoD Satellites, so you really only get 400m". This is the way it's gone, and this is how it will go until we get congressmen/senators who actually care about the future of the country and human race and stop only looking out for themselves.

  57. I have a BETTER idea Than N.A.S.A.: +1, Helpful by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's called Energia

    Hopefully, after the Shuttle is retired, N.A.S.A. will
    outsource their launches to Energia rather than the U.S.-based fly-by-night private space launch companies.

    Yours In Kazakhstan,
    Kilgore Trout

  58. Not apollo by zogger · · Score: 1

    I would have rather they had stuck with the dropship idea like they ran with the X-15 and now Rutan's/Branson's method, at least for light duty, low earth orbit human movers. Big dumb capsules are good for moving bulk freight, but we need a real highly reusable, fast turn around and cheap spaceplane. The shuttle is a compromise between the two and just didn't cut it. There's trucks, then cars, we need both.

  59. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 2, Insightful

    You've almost got it. There was also the Soviet war in Afghanistan, though some historians call this the Second Cold War. (I disagree.) . In a way, our current involvement in Iraq, Afghanistan, and to some extent with Iran and Syria is basically a "cleanup" of loose strings leftover from the Cold War. I will leave you to draw your own conclusions about any other events surrounding these conflicts.

  60. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You're assuming what O is turning our country into resembles anything like Capitalism. Just like Soviet Russia, we're moving towards Socialism.

    No, dumbshit, not just like "Soviet Russia". (It's just Russia now, FYI)

    There's a whole spectrum between unbridled capitalism and total socialism. When a 12 trillion dollar economy cannot provide basic health care to all (no, ER visits don't count) there's a goddamned problem.

    As we've recently seen, unchecked capitalism is not a good thing since the markets aren't rational after all. And as we've seen with USSR in the past, that doesn't work either. I see no problem emulating nations like Canada, New Zealand, or Sweden. Hell, I've got friends in South America with better basic health care for the poor than we have here in the states.

  61. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Did you know that disco record sales were up 400% for the year ending 1976? If these trends continues...

  62. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 2, Informative

    Soviet Russia was not just socialism. Limited socialism has been in place in much of Europe for years. And while I wouldn't trade our unemployment rate for theirs (even now), they are hardly in some kind of a Soviet-style decline.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  63. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Foobar+of+Borg · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Just like Soviet Russia, we're moving towards Socialism.

    "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means." - Inigo Mantoya

    Sorry, but remarks like this also reminds me Major Frank Burns - "When are you two going to learn about Chinese treachery? Did Pearl Harbor teach you nothing?"

  64. Space travel is utter bilge by Animats · · Score: 1

    "It's utter bilge. I don't think anybody will ever put up enough money to do such a thing . . . What good would it do us? If we spent the same amount of money on preparing first-class astronomical equipment we would learn much more about the universe . . . It is all rather rot" -- Riet Wolley, Astronomer Royal.

    He was so right.

    Basic truth: space travel with chemical rockets is just too inefficient to be useful. Fuels are as good as they can get; we've been using liquid hydrogen since the 1960s. It's not getting any better. Space travel is about weight reduction, which means fragile vehicles. (Endeavour just had some foam fall off and hit the thermal tiles during launch. Again.)

    Unless and until we get something better than chemical rockets, space travel isn't going to get any better.

    If we'd launched an Orion or two in the 1950s, things might have been very different. Everyone would know there's a better way.

    1. Re:Space travel is utter bilge by FleaPlus · · Score: 1

      Unless and until we get something better than chemical rockets, space travel isn't going to get any better.

      I think SpaceX has been proving quite nicely that there's at least an order of magnitude of improvement that can still be made with chemical rockets.

  65. Re:Did we REALLY go to the moon? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We didn't force you to buy it. Make your own game system, lowly peasant.

  66. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by jedidiah · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The recent bust might not have anything to do with his assessment.

    The Soviet Union was done in by rampant corruption. Some see the previous
    administration as a repeat of what was going on in the Soviet Union prior
    to it's collapse. At a certain point, you need to reign in your own greed.
    This isn't just altruism, it's also enlightened self interest.

    If you steal too much ultimately the system won't be able to sustain itself
    anymore and it will collapse. "Greed with no rules" ultimately destroys itself.

    --
    A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
  67. The Lesson of Apollo by sehlat · · Score: 1

    Basically, the landing itself was the doom of the Apollo program, and most of the subsequent space effort. Because they "finished the job," a huge chunk of a Federal bureaucracy (and NASA is a bureaucracy), found themselves "downsized" and punished for succeeding.

    The lesson was not lost on other major endeavors. (Fusion is still "forty years away", and it was "forty years away" in 1969.) I have absolutely no doubt that other R&D-oriented programs have also been handicapped or effectively destroyed by the Lesson of Apollo.

    For details of an earlier example, check out Penelope's tapestry in Homer's "The Iliad."

  68. It's any version of Communism by geoffrobinson · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I know people say that the Soviet Union wasn't real communism. You can't get to the ideal version of communism without killing and hurting a whole bunch of people who don't want to be a part of it.

    Just because they got stuck on the intermediary step doesn't mean they aren't sufficient to show the failure of communism. You have to get stuck on the government-coercion intermediary step because you have to force people into the communistic system.

    --
    Except for ending slavery, the Nazis, communism, & securing American independence, war has never solved anything.
    1. Re:It's any version of Communism by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      The Soviets tried that, and it still didn't work. It's not like they only tried it for less than one generation before giving up; their communist system didn't collapse until the early 1990s, which is what? 70 years or so after the Bolshevik Revolution? That's plenty of time to kill off everyone opposed, for anyone missed by that scourge to die of old age, and to indoctrinate not one but at least two generations into the new system. Even then it wasn't enough to make it economically successful.

      The plain and simple fact is that a centrally-run command economy just doesn't work very well in practice. That doesn't mean it can't be made to work, after all, North Korea has been doing this for quite some time now and is surviving, but there's a big difference between "surviving" and "thriving", and communist countries never thrive.

      Face it, you're not going to convince many people to work their asses off to benefit "the state", and to benefit a bunch of other people who don't work their asses off. Whether it's money, women, or just recognition, people have to be rewarded for their efforts, or else they're just going to do the minimum to get by. Some Soviet scientists did do some great work, but like scientists anywhere, they were rewarded with recognition (much like many OSS coders work for recognition), though mostly within their peer groups. Scientists and other academics are real big on having their name published so all their academic buddies (or rivals, or other peers) can see what great things they've researched or written about, so money isn't as big a motivation for them. But while that can work for science, it doesn't work too well in other industries. The people running a toilet-paper factory aren't going to bother putting in extra work to make better toilet paper, or more efficiently-made toilet paper, if they're not going to profit from it somehow, because peer recognition isn't highly valued there.

  69. It was by zogger · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I remember when it happened and it was one of those big collective "oh shit!!" moments. Everyone grokked what this meant, the rooskies now had the high ground and could do stuff we weren't even close to doing yet. Ya, there was also a lot of grudging admiration..but it was tempered with some sober reality. The US people were used to being topdogs in about any tech out there, I mean this was just a default assumption "we're the bestus in anything!!", it was taken for granted, so this really got to people. Of course we caught up quickly, but it really was a good kick to the pants.

  70. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    'limited'-socialism begins the moment any government takes any amount of money from the people and redistributes it back in other forms.

    there isn't a government alive that doesnt have some sort of socialism.

    got a better argument lined up?

  71. (SC0RE:1, Interesting) by mcgrew · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Interesting, maybe, but incorrect. The US first got involved in VietNam in the fifties, before the first Cosmonaut reached space. We landed on the moon in 1969, only four years before we stopped bombing North Vietnam (I was stationed in Thailand then and saw the last B-52 leave Utapao to drop the last bomb).

    The cold war ended during the Reagan Presidency and had nothing to do with rocket development; it was economics that stopped the cold war, the USSR went broke. If you have a Saturn V rocket that can get to the moon and back, an ICBM is trivial by comparison.

    1. Re:(SC0RE:1, Interesting) by Convector · · Score: 1

      The Saturn V rocket didn't go to the Moon or back. It just lifted the Apollo CSM/LM into Earth orbit.

  72. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by salimma · · Score: 1

    There is no need to weaponize the moon -- anything you launch for there would have to clear the lunar gravitation field, and then travel hundreds of thousands of miles. The goal during Reagan's Star Wars era is to militarize near space -- lasers achieve greater intensities at a nearer distance, projectiles get accelerated "for free" by the earth's gravitational field, and below geostationary orbit, you can position a satellite anywhere on the planet within hours.

    --
    Michel
    Fedora Project Contribut
  73. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by tonywong · · Score: 1

    The UK based North Koreans of course.

  74. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by AP31R0N · · Score: 2, Insightful

    You're forgetting that saying something like that makes the speaker feel good about themselves, therefore evidence and logic are irrelevant. Making the US to be the bad guy/in decline is still very trendy with the kids despite Obama's election. Might take them a while to unlearn that reflexive cynicism and paranoia. /voted for Obama

    --
    Utilizing the synergization of benchmark e-solutions to pre-workaround action items!
  75. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by frosty_tsm · · Score: 1, Redundant
  76. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by jedidiah · · Score: 1

    Actually, "Russia failed because it was not America" pretty much sums it up quite nicely.

    -- artificial ethnic tensions
    -- suppression of free enterprise
    -- rampant corruption

    --
    A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
  77. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by 7-Vodka · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I am sorry but if you think what we have now is capitalism, you are clearly mistaken.

    --

    Liberty.

  78. consider the difference by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Insightful

    between the following situations:

    1. there are lions out there who want to eat you

    fills you with a vague unsettling feeling. you know this to be 100% true, but what to do about it? nothing more is done

    2. look, on the other end of the valley, that's a lion staring at us

    your mind instantly begins to scheme, your hands are instantly filled with intent: build a trap, build a defense, run away, go and kill it, etc

    its psychological. you have to see the threat/ treasure in front of you before you actually do anything about it. i'm not saying it is good, i'm not saying it is bad, i'm just saying it is 100% true of human nature, this psychology

    of course, something like a planet-killing asteroid, looming at us with 3 days warning before armageddeon is not a scenario such a psychology is properly equipped to deal with. so it is my hope that mankind bridges, on serendipity, the time between now, and some hypothetical future state where dispatching planet-killing asteroids is an afterthought, or their long term detection is accurate and foolproof

    until such a hypothetical time, we are riding on luck, because indeed, the threat is real, but too vague to actually compel mankind to do anything about it. no one is going to spend trillions on asteroid defense. just not going to happen right now

    now another way we might be compelled to spend trillions: a hit by a major asteroid, but not a planet killer, that does debilitating damage to the biosphere, but nothing mortal to civilization. then you have nothing to worry about: we WILL prepare, we WILL spend quadrillions, we WILL focus a hell of a lot more on outer space at such a time

    in fact, its almost in the best interest of mankind for the earth to be hit by a major, non-planet killing asteroid right now. that would burn into us the need to spend a lot on outer space, fix our attention and focus, and definitely kick space exploration into high gear. in fact, amongst the reasons to kick space exploration into high gear (aliens discovered, resources needed, etc.), it is the only nonhypothetical reason to get our asses focused and motivated: a valid real threat to mankind and the planet

    in fact, in the name of furthering mankind's technological progress, maybe some evil mastermind billionaire today should redirect some perfectly sized asteroid our way. he will of course be consciously responsible for the death of thousands or even millions of people, as well as untold trillions in damage, but his motivation can also be excused: "hey, get off your ass now, before its too late"

    mr. bill gates, are you listening? its time to blue screen a comet, or windows tunguska edition

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  79. Umm, slight correction by Finallyjoined!!! · · Score: 1

    Don't forget Robert Goddard (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Goddard_(scientist)) without whom there wouldn't have been an Apollo program.

    --
    If I had an Ass, I'd call it Fanny Bottom, then I could slap my Ass; Fanny Bottom, on the Arse.
    1. Re:Umm, slight correction by Elektroschock · · Score: 1

      Indeed!

  80. What if... by gmuslera · · Score: 2, Interesting

    If you change a single moment in your past, will everything change?

    In The end of Eternity, Asimov said that there was some "inertia" in time, if something changed in the past things somewhat keep being more or less the same, as most significative changes arent isolated events but more massive trends. If french revolution didnt happened that exact day, could had happened anyway a day or a year after. The apollo program could had been cancelled in a later date anyway.

    Also, if it continued everything could had changed, even things that could look unrelated. Maybe arpanet and then internet would not exist now, as all could have been more focused in space, or maybe the IBM PC never saw the light, You know, the kind of stuff that make that if you kill a butterfly in the past, you get another president in the present

  81. I know, I know! Steampunk! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In space!

  82. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mcgrew · · Score: 5, Interesting

    No, but history says you can extrapolate it twenty years into the future.

    Business was booming when Warren Harding died, and in a primitive Vermont farmhouse, by the light of an old-fashioned kerosene lamp, Colonel John Coolidge administered to his son Calvin the oath of office as President of the United States. The hopeless depression of 1921 had given way to the hopeful improvement of 1922 and the rushing revival of 1923.

    The prices of common stocks, to be sure, suggested no unreasonable optimism. On August 2, 1923, the day of Harding's death, United States Steel (paying a five-dollar dividend) stood at 87, Atchison (paying six dollars) at 95, New York Central (paying seven) at 97, and American Telephone and Telegraph (paying nine) at 122; and the total turnover for the day on the New York Exchange amounted to only a little over 600,000 shares. The Big Bull Market was still far in the future. Nevertheless the tide of prosperity was in full flood.

    Pick up one of those graphs with which statisticians measure the economic ups and downs of the Post-war Decade. You will find that the line of business activity rises to a jagged peak in 1920, drops precipitously into a deep valley in late 1920 and 1921, climbs uncertainly upward through 1922 to another peak at the middle of 1923, dips somewhat in 1924 (but not nearly so far as in 1921), rises again in 1925 and zigzags up to a perfect Everest of prosperity in 1929-only to plunge down at last into the bottomless abyss of 1930 and 1931.

    Hold the graph at arm's-length and glance at it again, and you will see that the clefts of 1924 and 1927 are mere indentations in a lofty and irregular plateau which reaches from early 1923 to late 1929. That plateau represents nearly seven years of unparalleled plenty; nearly seven years during which men an women might be disillusioned about politics and religion and love, but believed that at the end of the rainbow there was at least a pot of negotiable legal tender consisting of the profits of American industry and American salesmanship; nearly seven years during which the businessman was, as Stuart Chase put it, "the dictator of our destinies," ousting "the statesman, the priest, the philosopher, as the creator of standards of ethics and behavior" and becoming "the final authority on the conduct of American society." For nearly seven years, the prosperity band-wagon rolled down Main Street.

    The book chronicles a real estate boom (like our generation had a few years ago) and the aforementioned stock market boom. The similarities between that time and ours, economically and sociologically, are astounding.

    Give us another fifteen to twenty five years and our economy will be ok, most likely.

    In view of what was about to happen, it is enlightening to recall how things looked at this juncture to the financial prophets, those gentlemen whose wizardly reputations were based upon their supposed ability to examine a set of graphs brought to them by a statistician and discover, from the relation of curve to curve and index to index, whether things were going to get better or worse. Their opinions differed, of course; there never has been a moment when the best financial opinion was unanimous. In examining these opinions, and the outgivings of eminent bankers, it must furthermore be acknowledged that a bullish statement cannot always be taken at its face value: few men like to assume the responsibility of spreading alarm by making dire predictions, nor is a banker with unsold securities on his hands likely to say anything which will make it more difficult to dispose of them, unquiet as his private mind may be. Finally, one must admit that prophecy is at best the most hazardous of occupations. Nevertheless, the general state of financial opinion in October, 1929, makes an instructive contrast with that in February and March, 1928, when, as we have seen, the skies had not appeared any too brig

  83. Re:Yes - Unlike Your Shit Country, America Kicks A by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    I believe OP is British, and therefore:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Arrow

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Streak_(missile)

    All impressive stuff at the time, and if the UK government had the balls to continue at the time, a bit of Anglo-US competition could have been very interesting.

    As for computers:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer

    Can't find a cite, but I believe Manchester engineers were the ones that taught IBM about floating point co-processors

    Oh, finally, learn some history you US-centric ass-wipe.

  84. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by ground.zero.612 · · Score: 1

    I think you're wrong about Vietnam. The only reason the Vietnam war happened was a complete lack of communication. The situation in Vietnam at the time was this: The Viet Cong had defeated the French colonialists, and the Americans (because we had no ambassadors, and absolutely no lines of communications) came charging in to protect the South from Communism. Except there never was any Communism. If anything, the US helped promote Communism through this lack of communication with North Vietnam. Thankfully they turned out Socialist (which while I still find deplorable, I see it as much better than Communism).

    --
    "Be prepared, son. That's my motto. Be prepared." --Joe Hallenbeck
  85. !Tang by dtmos · · Score: 3, Informative
  86. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Maybe it's just a US/European thing, but Yuri Gagarin was at least as famous as Neil Armstrong when I was a kid (not long after the moon landings).

  87. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by davidtupper · · Score: 1

    That kinda looks like where we are today.

    Artificial ethnic tensions: Sotomayor is what might be termed a reverse racist, thinking (and saying) that her experiences as a "wise latina" will make her a better judge, while passing judgment that white firefighters can't be discriminated against.

    Suppression of free enterprise: government takeovers of banking and auto industries, telling Chrysler they need to be bought by a foreign company, socializing the medical industry (they say they are not but look at the direction they are heading).

    Rampant corruption: How many politicians are under investigation for how many different forms of corruption, from failing to pay taxes to taking bribes to misuse of government funds/equipment?

    I'd say we are just about where th former Soviet Union was just before it collapsed, and I don't like it much. Just my .02 and, of course, YMMV.

  88. Why so much attention on manned efforts? by orcateers · · Score: 1
    experience shows that people gain a lot more knowledge per invested dollars from unmanned space-projects like voyager, hubble, mars rovers, etc. than with manned escapades like the iss and the apollo program, but we continue to focus on putting our physical flesh into space as the most culturally meaningfull product of NASA, why?

    As Americans, do we have a "Lewis and Clark complex"? Do we prematurely put space exploration into our existing ideas about "the frontier"? how much would we learn from a permanent moon-city, and would we really care if it wasn't all that much? (as long as we got to stick our flag into some more "virgin territitory")

  89. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by davidsinn · · Score: 0
  90. Lost Apollo 11 tapes not found after all. by psoriac · · Score: 1

    I was going to submit this but found someone else already has; currently it's languishing in the firehose. http://slashdot.org/submission/1039753/NASA-Loses-the-Lost-Moon-Tapes-After-All?art_pos=17

    According to NPR's Morning Edition, NASA does not have the 'Lost Moon Tapes' containing the raw footage of Neil Armstrong's historic first steps on the Moon, after all. The article claims that the original Apollo 11 recordings were likely erased. Instead, the restoration is being done from the best of the broadcast-format video obtained from a variety of sources, not the original SST signal.

    --
    I browse Slashdot at +3, Funny
  91. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by sznupi · · Score: 1

    Adding to the AC above - apparently only US thing. People in Europe generally realize who Yuri Gagarin was.

    (really, did US took this "hit" so badly?...)

    --
    One that hath name thou can not otter
  92. Iterations by steveha · · Score: 5, Insightful

    While we are daydreaming about what might have been, I'd like to imagine an alternate history where NASA didn't stop iterating.

    NASA got the Saturn V through an iterative development cycle. Get Werner von Braun, have him build rockets very similar to ones he had built before; fly them, collect data, improve the design. Fly the new ones, collect data, improve the design. Over and over.

    And then, for the Space Shuttle, NASA essentially said "We don't need to do that test and improve cycle anymore; we are just going to design the Space Shuttle on paper, build it, and be done." NASA's unsung heroes of rocket surgery managed to make it work, but that's a triumph of hard work and overtime against management stupidity.

    It would have been cheaper to keep the test/improve cycle going than to spend ten years building the shuttle and flying nothing. According to Wikipedia, the Shuttle program will have cost $174 billion by its conclusion in 2010; the Saturn V program cost $32 to $45 billion in today's dollars ($6.5 billion in 1960's dollars; the inflation is depressing, isn't it?). But at the time the Shuttle project was started, the Saturn V had already been paid for; just keeping it flying would have cost even less than those numbers suggest. And besides, you wouldn't need a Saturn V for every flight; just for ones where you need that kind of crazy lift capacity.

    It would actually have been far cheaper to keep flying expendables, but keep developing them, and hopefully iterate into something reusable. Take the rockets from the 1960's, and spend 20 years flying and improving them, and what would you have in the 1980's? A lot more stuff flying, more safely, and a lot cheaper.

    The Shuttle was a mistake, of management more than anything else.

    steveha

    --
    lf(1): it's like ls(1) but sorts filenames by extension, tersely
    1. Re:Iterations by YrWrstNtmr · · Score: 1

      the Saturn V program cost $32 to $45 billion in today's dollars ($6.5 billion in 1960's dollars; the inflation is depressing, isn't it?)

      You know what the real depressing thing is? Consider how much money we've simply pissed/given away to failed companies in TARP over the last year. Hell...we could have been back on the moon in 18 months.

  93. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by c6gunner · · Score: 3, Interesting

    When a 12 trillion dollar economy cannot provide basic health care to all (no, ER visits don't count) there's a goddamned problem.

    Why?

  94. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Opportunist · · Score: 1, Troll

    No, actually the parallels are stunning, it just took the average person longer to see through capitalism than it took them to see through communism.

    I'm talking here about the really existing models, not the ideals. The ideals are in both systems quite nice. The real models are, basically, the same. The difference is not how, but who.

    In both (real) systems you have a ruling class which offers a dangling carrot for those not inside the system, claiming to give them a chance to become one of the ruling elements in the system as well, while in reality being a tightly knit society. Those inside have power and wealth, those outside are supposed to produce it. It's actually not even much different from older systems with a ruling class (nobility) and a serving class (peasants). Just harder to see through it.

    In both systems economy and rulership are interwoven. The difference is in my sig.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  95. What if Apollo had continued by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I think we'd have a permanent outpost on the moon established in the 1990's but not so many people would live there..perhaps a dozen at a time. We'd perhaps know more about the composition of the moons crust by drilling into the rock, we'd know if there is a hot core on that moon or not, we may even discover subsurface ice or water, or caves or new types of materials. Helium-3 may make fusion work but not on earth but rather on the moon.

  96. Apollo with more stamina? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    He would have beaten Rocky in both movies. That's simple.

  97. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by manifoldronin · · Score: 1

    "Soviet Russia?" Not nearly. It was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Lativia, Lithuania, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Chechnya, Georgia, and other VERY different national entities made up the USSR, in addition to Russia and others.

    Don't mean to nitpick - but Mongolia was never part of the USSR (Maybe a USSR "satellite" or "protectorate", however you like to put it).

    --
    Tyranny isn't the worst enemy of a democracy. Cynicism is.
  98. Re:Yes - Unlike Your Shit Country, America Kicks A by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't think any of the weapons systems you linked to (all of which are inferior to their American equivalent) can connect to XBox Live or produce graphics anywhere near as nice.

    As far as computers, my PC would kick the shit out of your Collosus any day of the week. It would probably beat an XBox 360 in many ways as well, but since its not a game system, and cost 4 times as much as an XBox I think it's pretty dumb to compare the two.. I'm sure for its day the Collosus was a great computer, but like the pyramids, steam powered cars, and England, it's time has past.

    This British douchebag is complaining that American game systems aren't up to snuff when his country doesn't even produce anything comparable. Maybe that will cut it for you old-world snobs, but in America, when we don't like something, we make something better.

    So have fun pissing all over America's accomplishments, but don't forget - we are better than you in every fucking way.

  99. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by gambino21 · · Score: 1

    ...the USA and Russia decided to fight in a number of "proxy" wars such as Vietnam and Korea.

    Russia (USSR) didn't have that much involvement in the Korean War It was mostly North Korea and then China fighting against the United States. China asked for help from Russia but they only received some limited air support. So it seems to me a proxy war between the US and China more so than between the US and Russia.

  100. I'd have a flying car by sukotto · · Score: 1

    Suppose Congress had granted NASA's wish, then fast-forward 40-odd years...

    Then maybe I'd have that flying car I've always wanted...

    --
    Come play free flash games on Kongregate!
  101. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by WhiteWolf666 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Some see the previous
    administration as a repeat of what was going on in the Soviet Union prior
    to it's collapse.

    I see the previous administration more akin to the gradual stagnation the Soviet Union experience in the late 60s-early 70s.

    I see the *current* administration as to a source of rampant corruption, and very similar to what the Soviet Union was "done in by".

    Gigantic budget deficits as far as the eye can see, centralization of economic, industrial, social, and financial policy, huge expenditures upon shady projects with little oversight, and bipartisan efforts to snatch as many crumbs as possible from the budget with little or no thought as to what that will to do the nation.

    We are currently watching the socialization of all of our societies "little ills", including the failure of our major industrial sectors (Auto Industry and Large cutbacks in our military industrial complex), socialization of trillions of dollars of losses in the financial sector, and socialization of our escalating health care costs.

    There are only so many economic guarantees that can be placed upon the Federal Government before it begins to loose credibility, and before the dollar collapses. While we aren't at that point yet (we are years away, even with trillion+ dollar deficits), there is nothing to suggest that our deficits won't continue to grow through at least 2020, and probably through 2050 (if we last that long). Worse, its not like this money is being spent on pressing concerns; an immediate war, an epidemic crises, or a massive natural disaster. This money isn't even being "invested" in future growth (ie industrial or financial policy). This is money being blown on "societal welfare", or "public goodies", also know as ways to game for votes.

    $1 spent on road construction does not get you an additional $1 in economic growth; the same is true for medicare, social security, carbon credits, or bank bailouts.

    --
    WhiteWolf666 an exBush supporter. All you new-school,compassionate,save the children Republicans can rot in hell
  102. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Runaway1956 · · Score: 1

    While you have a good point - the US seems to be oblivious to the fact that another communist nation is actively working against us, economically. Asassin's Mace.

    China determined to surpass the United States economically, politically, and militarily some years ago. They aspire to surpass us in the sciences, but they aren't making much headway there, although the US' science and engineering is slippping.

    Asymetrical warfare. It's working, if not as quickly as the Chinese might hope.

    Besides which, the US abandoned it's capitalistic manufacturing base about 35 years ago. Capitalism has been running on credit for a decade or so, and the credit is being called in now. It isn't terribly clear that capitalism is going to survive in any form that our fathers would recognize.

    sarcasm mode Thank God we have entered the information age, where the US can feed itself with technology and electrons!! Hooray for the "service industries"! /sarcasm mode

    --
    "Windows is like the faint smell of piss in a subway: it's there, and there's nothing you can do about it." - Charlie Br
  103. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Opportunist · · Score: 3, Funny

    I was actually thinking more along the lines of "In a civil war re-enactment we need lots of Indians to shoot."

    Ok, I'm more a child of the early 90s than the late 70s.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  104. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    Mostly, if you get overly greedy and it becomes obvious to everyone that you put your interests before that of your country, when you're supposed to be the leader of the country and thus should actually be an example, if anyone, the usual reaction of the common man usually is "Ask what you can do for your country, my ass. Why should I?"

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  105. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Duhavid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Why?

    What is the base purpose? For a few to accumulate much, live high, while others endure hardship, or for most to live OK ( with enough security so they don't just die from lack of basic necessities ( food, basic healthcare ) ) but with enough insecurity to incentive hard work and production, and still a few ( and probably more, since the "feeding ground" would be larger ) wealthy living high?

    If the economy only has the purpose of remaking the aristocracy and serf conditions of long ago, then I am at a lose as to why the many should participate. CEO's get away with "what is in it for me". What is in it for those "less than" the CEO's?

    So, why? Because people are more important than money.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4
  106. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by 1u3hr · · Score: 1
    You're assuming what O is turning our country into resembles anything like Capitalism. Just like Soviet Russia, we're moving towards Socialism.

    Obama might seem like a "socialist" by comparison with the neocons there before, but in no other country in the world would the US Democratic Party be described as "socialist".

  107. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by WhiteWolf666 · · Score: 1

    Have you seen the CBOs estimates for future deficits?
    http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/deficit.jpg

    What will happen to our economy if both our trade deficit and federal budget deficit continue to grow to astronomical proportions?

    Just how many trillions in treasury bonds do you think China, Japan, etc. . . are willing to buy? I don't think that we have an immediate 'debt' crises, in that our Debt to GDP ratio will not really be horrific until 2012-13 or so, but there is an issue of bond market saturation; you can really only sell so many hundreds of billions of bonds before you start to run out of buyers. We're going to bump into that in the next 12-18 months.

    You know what is even worse? All these estimates (CBO, White House, otherwise), are old enough that they do not include the current unemployment calculations. Given that both payroll and income taxes are taking quite an unemployment hit, there is every reason to believe that the CBO deficit estimates are probably about 20%-30% better than reality. Oh, and of course, they don't include the costs of Obamacare, the increase in the capital gains tax (which, historically, actually *reduces* tax receipts), the Energy Cap-N-Trade bill, and other such regulatory nonsense.

    Please describe to me how the structural "yearly trillion dollar deficits by 2015" is okay? Also, please describe to me how we the above named programs aren't going to make it worse? Also, given that both the SS and Medicare "Trust Funds" aren't "piles-o-cash", but are "piles-o-bonds", please describe to me how the liquidation and auction process for those bonds won't further worse out situation?

    Exactly which one of these issues do you see being resolved after the current "6-month period"?

    Capitalism is an economic philosophy, not a force of nature. The business cycle is a statistical phenomenon, not a natural law. Just because former downturns lasted for 12 months or so, doesn't mean that this one won't run for 24, or 36, or 60+.

    --
    WhiteWolf666 an exBush supporter. All you new-school,compassionate,save the children Republicans can rot in hell
  108. capitalism is murder by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "We can quantify the deaths caused by both communism and fascism, but we will never know how many deaths have been the result of capitalism; of nothing more noble than a rich man wanting to be even richer, and sacrificing the health and lives of millions of workers to achieve this. Don't even try to count how many people capitalism has killed, because not only will you not know where to begin, but also it will never end."

    we can extrapolate...

    if it is cyclical as you say, then your whole premise is faulty.

    boom-bust-boom-bust-boom-bust...etc.

  109. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by mikael_j · · Score: 1

    Do you remember who the first man was to orbit the earth? The vast majority of people wouldn't be able to answer.

    I think you meant "The vast majority of hillbillies wouldn't be able to answer.". Here in Sweden I'd be surprised if more than 15% didn't at least know he was russian and I'd be willing to bet money on at least 50% of them knowing his name was Gagarin.

    /Mikael

    --
    Greylisting is to SMTP as NAT is to IPv4
  110. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Besides which, the US abandoned it's capitalistic manufacturing base about 35 years ago

    We may not make as much consumer crap as we used to, but our industrial output (until the recent recession) has been climbing, not falling. It's just that our productivity has been climbing even faster, leading to a net loss in jobs.

    Don't worry about the Chinese. They've been artificially pumping up the US dollar for years. Inevitably, the dollar will eventually be worth less against their currency and they'll be sitting on a whole pile of our debt that isn't worth nearly what they paid for it.

    In other words, a dollar isn't worth anything if you don't eventually trade it back for something American. Right now, we give them paper and they give us stuff... what a deal, right? Eventually they'll want stuff in exchange for this paper... expect to see some manufacturing jobs return this way.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  111. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MaWeiTao · · Score: 1, Informative

    Much of the rest of the world is incapable of providing good basic health care. Good is the key word here.

    I've got family in Portugal, France and England who will tell you socialized health care is shit. I've got in-laws in Taiwan who have similar problems although it isn't quite as bad as Europe.

    Everything people say about waiting lists, not treating those deemed not worth the expense, lack of good doctors and all the rest are true. Every couple of months I hear a story of something that directly effected a family member.

    One of the most recent being my uncle, in Portugal, who was diagnosed with prostate cancer. If he waited for the government program he'd be sitting around 6 months. His doctor strongly recommended he pay out of his own pocket and get the treatment immediately. That's what he did. So explain to me again the point of government health care?

    In France, my family there, 3 uncles and 2 aunts all married with families, have private insurance because the government keeps cutting back. They tell us they're moving towards a US style health care system because the government simply can't afford to support their current system. They're no happy about it, but they're even less happy with the crap the government is offering.

    Taiwan's system isn't as bad, but it's suffering from overuse. When I was there it cost US$2 to see a doctor. What here someone would take Tylenol for there they'd be at the doctor. So what happens? Everyone gets a crappy, rushed 3 minute visit where the doctor asks the patient to describe the symptoms. You're lucky if they even take your blood pressure. They make a few assumptions and then type up some stuff on their computer and send you on your way with packs of several pills, one for each potential symptom. Although the government prohibits this, a lot of doctors try to encourage their patients to visit them at their private practices. The patients pay more and its out of pocket, but the promise is that they'll get a more thorough checkup.

    One of the examples within the United States which politicians have trumpeted as a model for the entire country is MassHealth. Here's another piece of garbage where just recently they dropped coverage for legal immigrants because of budget shortfalls. My sister in law works at a hospital in the state and has many stories of abuse.

    And that brings me to another problem, which is that people want this but expect it to be free. I know someone who's brother originally lived out of state, but moved in with her sister in MA temporarily in order to take advantage of the system because of something he got diagnosed with. It was great for him that the residents of the state got to pay for his treatment.

    Americans tend to suffer from the grass is greener syndrome. I'm not suggesting that there aren't problems with the American system, because there are. But the solution sure has hell isn't to turn things into a big, government controlled mess that they won't be able to run efficiently and can't even afford.

    I believe that limited socialism and very limited welfare are necessary. Without some regulations a small group of individuals manage to turn a free market into a restrictive one, actually the same happens with too much regulation, but that's another story. So I'm not naive to the needs of a nation. But Europe is a case study in the failure of excessive socialism, unfortunately too many Americans are blind to that fact. Of course, I can give examples until I'm blue in the face and some people still wont be convinced.

    I don't think there's any possible way the Apollo program would ever survive to day. If it hadn't been cut in 1967 it would have been cut sometime later. There are too many small-minded people, in my opinion, who can't see the forest for the trees. They have a hard time imagining for envisioning why such ambitious projects are ultimately better for the country, and humanity in general than wasteful, overblown social programs. Of course, the social programs guarantee power to the politicians.

  112. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    Give us another fifteen to twenty five years and our economy will be ok, most likely.

    I won't try to speculate on the timeline, but I know the economy will most likely come back.

    I think you give too little credit to the Fed... they acted much more decisively this time than they did in 1929. The banks haven't all failed, and the FDIC system has kept common people from losing their life savings. Add to this the much larger size of government and the moderating effect that this spending has... I think we're looking at a much quicker recovery than during the depression.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  113. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    It's certainly not pure capitalism, but my point about the cyclical nature of our system - whatever you want to call it - still stands.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  114. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by c6gunner · · Score: 2, Insightful

    What is the base purpose?

    Procreation. Not sure what that has to do with anything ...

    If the economy only has the purpose of remaking the aristocracy and serf conditions of long ago, then I am at a lose as to why the many should participate.

    Once again, this has nothing to do with socialized healthcare. If you're going to respond to someone's comment it's generally considered good form to actually respond to it, instead of going off on a tangent.

    So, why? Because people are more important than money.

    Money isn't important at all - money is just a physical object which we use to represent human effort/action. And no, people are not more important than their actions. Human life has no intrinsic value except to the individual to whom it belongs - to society as a whole you provide value only when you actually do something.

  115. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    What in the world are you going on about? Of course there is a "ruling class" - there always has been, there always will be. The ruling class in the US has very little in common with the ruling class of the Soviet Union. The "government controlling the commerce" is exactly the problem. Big rich dudes (nobility) with capital fighting it out for wealth produced by the "peasants" is a much more efficient system overall, but has the side-effect of being rather unstable... thus the cycles.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  116. The grass is always greener. by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

    Well, if the Apollo program had continued we'd be spared endless repeats of the question "what if the Apollo program had continued?". Instead, we'd have endless repeates of the question "what if Apollo had been canceled and NASA built a reusable system?".

  117. Fact Free Post by jmichaelg · · Score: 1

    I stopped reading your post after the first paragraph because it was so fact-free.

    The crater is 1 mile wide, not 3. The Barringer meteor was known to be an iron meteorite based on the debris found by the early settlers. The debris field was around 10 miles in diameter so San Francisco would have been safe. The earthquake the impact generated is thought to have been around a Magnitude 5, an event I've experienced more than once here in California. Exciting when it happens but not that big a deal in the overall scheme of things.

    The impact would have been spectacular if you'd been within 50 miles but the rest of the folks in Arizona would have wondered wtf and then gone on with their daily activities. The folks in New Mexico probably never noticed it.

    Ok I lied. I did read the rest of your post to see what other absurdities it held. And, verily, even though I'm an atheist, the good lord smiled upon my efforts...

    It's not as if we're doing nothing right now. When we eventually see an asteroid headed our way that's large enough to warrant a response, odds are it'll be spotted way before impact. If it's a genuine hazard, it'll be big which means it will be visible to those good souls who make it their business to look for such a hazard. When that happens, assuming we haven't bombed ourselves back to the stone age, we'll be able to deal with the threat then. If we've bombed ourselves to oblivion, then we're toast anyway.

    In the meantime, setting up a moon base to deal with the hazard is absurd.

    We'll go to the Moon on a permanent basis if and when there's money to be made. It's what drove Isabella to back Columbus and it's what convinced Congress to underwrite Lewis and Clark. Both investments paid off in spades. The Moon has yet to promise any such return which is why we never went back.

  118. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    What will happen to our economy if both our trade deficit and federal budget deficit continue to grow to astronomical proportions?

    I don't worry about trade deficits... eventually those dollars have to come back or they are worthless.

    As for budget deficits... I do worry about those, but right now they are borrowing money so inexpensively that it isn't really an issue. I'll be far more worried when the money gets more expensive. I'm very angry with the Republicans for being in charge for the better part of a decade and only managing to increase the national debt, despite all of their talk. No one expects the Dems to do any better.

    The simple answer is that they'll default. Oh sure, they won't bounce checks - but you can bet that Social Security will convert into a need-based system so that they never have to touch the so-called "trust fund". The other way they'll default is by driving inflation so that the debt becomes smaller.

    Just because former downturns lasted for 12 months or so, doesn't mean that this one won't run for 24, or 36, or 60+.

    Agreed. I'm not predicting a quick end to the recession - just claiming that this is NOT the downfall of the US.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  119. I know what would have happened.... by pandrijeczko · · Score: 1

    Mankind would establish the first permanent settlement on the moon which would logically be called "Alpha".

    And because several hundred technicians and scientists would be working in this base, NASA would have to build special Earth-Moon transport ships that, in honour of the first Moon landing would be called "Eagles".

    These Eagle craft would have interchangeable central pods that could either carry passengers or transport nuclear waste to the Moon so it could be buried on the dark side. Unfortunately, almost 30 years to the day of the first moon landing, on September 13th 1999, the build up waste would cause a massive explosion that would hurl the moon out of Earth's orbit, taking with it the moonbase people deep into the universe.

    Oh wait...

    --
    Gentoo Linux - another day, another USE flag.
  120. Blowing stuff up is not a space program. by dicobalt · · Score: 1

    Sorry to break the news to you. We need a vehicle that isn't 80% gastank. Isn't on the perpetual verge of constant failure. Doesn't need a freakin "mission control" just to keep it running in such precarious states. We need artificial gravity. We need to develop matter conversion. We need cheap sublight propulsion that actually allows real system wide navigational sublight speeds and doesn't explode crazy amounts of stuff thereby being extremely breakable. Need to replace NASA R&D with Physics researchers, that is the only way these basic physical problems are going to be solved.

    So explode all the stuff you want, you aren't going to get anywhere with it. If rockets are the pinnacle of spaceflight then the human race is doomed. That's an actual fact.

  121. Don't dismiss so quickly lets look at this by Brigadier · · Score: 1

    Communism as a concept works well, input innate human nature and the system fails, corruption greed etc. Capitalism the would be inverse of communism also works conceptually input innate human nature and the system as we see fails. Instead of striving for balance there is a strive for power. Like it or not in the great proof of capitalism the present economy proves it a failure.

    This is no 6 year cyclical drop, one woudl argue that the unatural growth of the economy between 2002 and 2005 was what through off the natural balance that capitalism needs to work. Thus the cascade failure of the US economy now, the reason it hasn't failed is because of the interjection by the government.

    One might even say the underlying point of failure wasn't the concept in either case but the human factor.

    1. Re:Don't dismiss so quickly lets look at this by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      I'm not arguing for the relative merits of capitalism vs. socialism - I'm simply pointing out that our system is inherently cyclical. ATestR seemed to imply that this recession is the start of a Soviet-style collapse, which I think is utterly preposterous. After all, the nation did survive the complete collapse of the financial system in 1929. This collapse has been less severe due to some quick government action, so I don't think the prognosis is any WORSE than it was in '29.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  122. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    Where did I claim that there were no socialist policies in the US?

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  123. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Grishnakh · · Score: 2, Informative

    IIRC, the Soviets did provide NK with MiG fighters and other military equipment. They didn't support them to the great extent that China did though.

  124. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by OwnedByTwoCats · · Score: 0, Troll

    Look, we voted out the Republicans who turned a surplus into a deficit and left the economy a wreck.

    The deficit will not continue to grow.

    Taxes on the wealthiest will go up. Republicans will cry that these new taxes are ruining the economy, and they will have an impact similar to the Emergency Deficit Reduction act of 1993 (I think I got the title right...) 8 years of increasing prosperity and decreasing deficits (and eventually, expanding surpluses).

    As long as the Republicans don't steal another Presidential Election...

  125. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

    Actually, a more sensible approach would be for the states to split off and form separate, smaller countries by region. For instance, the whole northeast would make a good independent country, as would the southeast, and the southwest, the northwest, etc. California would probably be better off being split in half, with the southern half joining AZ, NV, UT, NM, and CO as one country, and northern CA joining OR, WA, ID, and WY, and perhaps British Columbia.

    The states would still be separate administrative regions in each country.

  126. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    If you steal too much ultimately the system won't be able to sustain itself
    anymore and it will collapse. "Greed with no rules" ultimately destroys itself.

    I agree - but in our case the "system" is primarily private enterprise... and it did collapse. Which is good. Our government, though entangled, is still a mostly separate entity from the broader economy - so it survives when the economy crashes.

    In the Soviet system, the government WAS the economy. When the economy crashed, so did the government. Or was it the other way around? You can't separate the two.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  127. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Unfortunately, there is every reason to believe that the causes of the current economic and financial problem are not being addressed. What the governments of the world are doing is artificially creating a boom by spending borrowed money on stuff.

    I'm not saying that this spending is wrong, but if things don't change otherwise, then the next time the system crashes there won't be any funds to rescue it. And this WILL happen - it is an inevitable aspect of capitalism.

    The Reagan model of economics that has informed the policy of almost every western government for the last 30 years is utterly discredited - light touch regulation and the whole Laissez-faire thing just don't work, and will grind us and the planet into the ground. The problem is that the few that benefit from things as they are, happen to be in control.

  128. Apollo Was The Consolation Prize by DynaSoar · · Score: 1

    If Apollo had continued, it would have stopped at Apollo 20. That was the plan. Apollo itself was the dead-end plan to win the space race. And strange as it may seem, the loss of soonest and long term success in space and the the formation of NASA were one in the same.

    The alternative project "Man In Space Soonest" could have had an American in orbit well before Yuri Gagarin's flight. An excerpt from http://www.astronautix.com/craftfam/manonest.htm :

    "On 10 July Brigadier General Homer A Boushey of Headquarters USAF informed ARDC that Eisenhower's Bureau of the Budget, firmly in favor of placing the manned space flight program in the new civilian agency, was blocking further release of funds for the program. On 16 July the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 was passed by Congress, and NASA was created out of the NACA and some Army and Navy rocket laboratories. But ARPA told the Air Force there was still a chance the White House would support MISS if costs could be kept to under $50 million in FY 1959. They could present the project as so far along, and with so low a cost to complete, that it would be a big setback to start all over with NASA.

    But BMD couldn't make the figures come out this way. Funding of only $50 million in FY 1959 would delay the first American in space to early 1962. Instead, on 24 July, General Bernard Schriever at BMD issued the sixth revision to the MISS development plan. This had a total cost of $106.6 million with the bare Atlas as the booster. Salient features included establishment of a worldwide tracking network, resolving quickly the heat sink versus ablation heat shield issue, and continuing with design of the Thor WS-117L and Thor-Able as backups in case the Atlas proved to be unreliable. Assuming immediate authorization from ARPA, Schriever promised release of the final tender documents to the contractors within 24 hours, and orbiting of the first man in space by June 1960.

    The next day there was one last session with ARPA Director Johnson at the Pentagon. BMD pointed out that only full, unrestricted, immediate program approval to go ahead with MISS would give the United States a real chance to be "soonest" with a man in space. Johnson flatly refused. Eisenhower saw no valid role for the military in manned space flight. NACA didn't plan to spend more than $40 million on their manned space program in FY 1959, fiscally much more attractive than the $107 million the Air Force was asking for.

    On that day - 25 July 1958 - America gave up its chance to put the first man into space. A manager like Schriever could undoubtedly have rammed the project through on the promised schedule. The collection of scientists and tinkerers at NACA had no chance."

    Had MISS progressed, Neil Armstrong may still have been first on the moon. However, he would almost certainly have been the first person ride a space craft into orbit and actually fly it home. He was scheduled to take the first orbital flight of Dynasoar http://www.astronautix.com/craft/dynasoar.htm in 1964. NASA's track placed this milestone under the space shuttle, 20 years later. The 'what if' scenario changed long before the question in TFA.

    Had the original visions of space exploration been carried out, we may or may not have gotten where we did by 1970, but we darn sure would have gotten there with no intention of backing down and starting over again later. Instead of Ares and Orion, we'd have had true stepping-stone space stations building and launching manned planetary missions. Recall, some of Von Braun's ideas centered on building permanent construction sites in orbit, using the 'bicycle wheel' design. Time and again he was stifled and forced to channel his enormous talent from that which made good sense to that which he would be allowed to see succeed.

    The front page of Encyclopedia Astronautica http://www.astronautix.com/ is covered with links to the actual history, the underlying and hidden history, and the might-have-beens of the race for the moon.

    --
    "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
  129. Pure Hell by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    "Even if, like 90 per cent of the population, you were born on Earth, you can't easily go back. "

    I can't imagine what hell it would be to live on a gray, airless rock, stuck inside a hollowed out lava tube while a lush blue and green planet is just 250,000 miles away.

    The moon would be a nice place to visit, but I sure as he#% wouldn't want to live there permanently.

  130. Ah, so I take it you're on the side of Bob by Chris+Burke · · Score: 1

    Bob feels the same way you do in a similar scenario. :)

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
  131. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Grishnakh · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Because people are more important than money.

    Actually, no they aren't. Some people have no value, some people have negative value.

    People who are in prison their entire lives and have long criminal record are good examples of people with negative value: they're costing society a lot of money, and proving nothing in return except destruction (of their victims' lives and happiness). If you gave me a choice between $100k, or preserving the life of a serial killer, which would I choose? The former, of course. Why would I want to preserve the life of someone who doesn't value life himself, and doesn't contribute to society?

    What is in it for those "less than" the CEO's?

    Simple: money to live on. If they don't want to work, then they don't get any money, and they starve to death. What are they going to do, take all the CEOs into slavery and make them work the fields? There's not enough CEOs to produce that much food.

    And what's with all the complaining about CEOs? The big problem in recent days with CEOs is excessive compensation for CEOs whose companies have received government bailout funds, but that's something that's completely the fault of the Democrats. For all other CEOs, yes, a lot of them are overpaid, but these are privately-owned companies (though they have publicly available stock). If you're not a stockholder, your opinion on their pay is irrelevant. And if you are a stockholder, look in the mirror for someone to blame. Their pay isn't coming out of your pocket, unless you're dumb enough to be a customer of theirs. Overpaid CEOs usually mean companies that don't perform as well as the competition. When I found out about Ralph Nardelli getting a $200 million golden parachute for driving Home Depot into the ground, I stopped shopping at HD altogether (though I hadn't been shopping there much anyway, because they suck compared to the competition). If everyone did this, companies wouldn't waste so much on CEO paychecks.

  132. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Monkk · · Score: 1

    Where are mod points when you need them?? +5 pseudo mod points Also bear in mind one of my favorite quotes (which I first read playing Civ4, sadly), "If you speak the truth, have a foot in the stirrup".

    --
    TomB

    "You can't take the sky from me..."
  133. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    thinking (and saying) that her experiences as a "wise latina" will make her a better judge

    You realize that she was talking to, and trying to inspire, a room full of latina women? Context...

    while passing judgment that white firefighters can't be discriminated against.

    A valid criticism, but you are ignoring the other racial cases that came before her. You are also ignoring the fact that 4 other sitting justices agreed with her on this case, so she's not exactly breaking new ground here.

    Suppression of free enterprise: government takeovers of banking and auto industries,

    TEMPORARY takeovers. What about the socialism in the USSR struck you as temporary (besides that it fell apart)?

    telling Chrysler they need to be bought by a foreign company

    In bankruptcy court? You'd prefer that they were liquidated?

    socializing the medical industry

    It's been socialized since the day they passed the law forcing ERs to treat anyone regardless of ability to pay. No one in the US is without health care, and it has been this way for a long time. Obama and crew are not "socializing" health care... that's done. They are changing the way that it is paid for. I personally don't like the way that they are approaching it, but that's another matter.

    How many politicians are under investigation for how many different forms of corruption, from failing to pay taxes to taking bribes to misuse of government funds/equipment?

    The fact that they are "under investigation" at all is GOOD. Corruption in the US is pretty low by any historic standard. Most of our corruption seems to involve drugs, and frankly we need to expect that with any kind of silly attempt at prohibition.

    I'd say we are just about where th former Soviet Union was just before it collapsed, and I don't like it much.

    Reading even the tiniest bit about the USSR will cure you of that - even just the Wikipedia entry.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  134. Anonymous Coward by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Toorcamp could have been held in a decommissioned lunar rocket tube this years instead of out in the Washington wasteland.

  135. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    then the next time the system crashes there won't be any funds to rescue it. And this WILL happen - it is an inevitable aspect of capitalism.

    I probably would have agreed with you last year, but the fact is that people are throwing money into US government bonds as fast as the Fed can collect it. It's pretty amazing, but I guess it makes sense... fed paper is considered safe and people are looking for safety. I suspect this will happen the next time that there is an event like this, too.

    The Reagan model of economics that has informed the policy of almost every western government for the last 30 years is utterly discredited

    I think you mean the Bush/Clinton/Bush model. Granted, Greenspan was appointed at the end of the Reagan presidency, but Reagan's administration was more characterized by Volcker - who far from being discredited, is part of Obama's recovery team.

    You will see some retreat on Greenspan's ideas. It's already happened. The restrictions in place on hedge funds are already much tighter. Even Greenspan has expressed surprise and disappointment with the lack of diligence on the part of the investment banks.

    and will grind us and the planet into the ground.

    That's a bit of hyperbole. Getting the balance between government regulation and free-market capitalism is hard and complex. It will probably never be perfect... but we're not so far off as to risk a total collapse IMHO.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  136. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by element-o.p. · · Score: 1

    not just like "Soviet Russia". (It's just Russia now, FYI)

    Yes, but "just Russia" turned to a capitalist market after the USSR crumbled. Thus GPP was correct to say "Soviet Russia", since it was the Soviet Union that was socialist.

    When a 12 trillion dollar economy cannot provide basic health care to all...there's a...problem.

    Agreed, although I am not convinced that bigger government is the answer to the health care problem.

    Regardless, revamping the health care system isn't the only thing that has people like GPP and myself concerned. How about dumping $13-17 BILLION into failing auto companies, then wanting to pour more money down the black hole when that didn't fix things as expected? How about trying to dictate how these companies do business? Or perhaps $13-17 billion isn't enough to raise any red flags, so how about another $700 billion to bail out America's banks? Does that seem Socialist to you? 'Cause it sure does to me.

    As we've recently seen, unchecked capitalism is not a good thing since the markets aren't rational after all.

    Yeah, sometimes the markets have to adjust themselves, and yes, it's frequently painful when that happens. FWIW, I do believe that government needs to intervene by setting laws on what companies can and cannot do -- thus we get things like the E.P.A., like child-labor laws, like minimum-wage laws, and I suppose even like SOX and SEC. But quite frankly, I don't like the direction that Obama seems to be taking the country (not that I was too thrilled with W's leadership, either...)

    --
    MCSE? No, sir...I don't do Windows. Yes, I am an idealist. What's your point?
  137. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So, why? Because people are more important than money.

    That's a nice platitude, but what about people that fuck up their own bodies? Smokers, the obese, heroin addicts... socialized healthcare for the lot of them! And of course once you accept that, then people will start to look at the books and say, "Wow, smokers are expensive!" and then the government will tell you that you can't smoke. Oh, and you can't be fat because fat people are the next line item. Oh, and now you can't ride a motorcycle because motorcycle injuries are our largest ER expense...

    Socialized healthcare isn't going to be a panacea, and it's not possible to provide it in unlimited amounts to everyone. Right now cost is the main mediator - with a government pay system it will be government bean counters making rules. Maybe you see one or the other as morally superior, but I can't agree with you. Denying a kidney to a person because they are too old is not morally superior to denying a kidney to someone because they are too poor - either way someone isn't getting a kidney.

    All that said, we actually have socialized health care right now, but it's expensive and based around the ER. I'm all for changing the way we pay for basic services to reduce costs... I just don't have any grand expectations.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  138. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by vonhammer · · Score: 1

    And just how do the Democrats plan on creating another Tech Bubble like the one that coincides with your "8 years of increasing prosperity?"

    And if the taxes caused the prosperity, then why didn't that happen when George H. W. Bush raised them in his term?

    You know, instead of causing a recession that lost him the election?

    Just curious.

  139. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Buscador · · Score: 1

    This is getting very off topic, but I just can't believe this post has been modded informative. I know little about the quality of health care in the UK, and nothing about the quality in Portugal and France, but I lived in Taiwan and still have Taiwanese friends. Blaming the low quality of public healthcare in Taiwan on the national health insurance system is ridiculous. The primary problem is that most of the doctors who participate in it are incompetent. The good doctors who actually went to quality medical schools do not participate in the national insurance program because the payments are much too small. None of my friends--mostly engineers--went to the public doctors for anything except routine matters. I tried it once, since expat workers are also covered, and quickly discovered why. A private Taiwanese doctor I later went to, who got his degree at Yale Medical School, commented that doctors who went to med school in Taiwan "can't diagnose their own ass."

  140. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    they will have an impact similar to the Emergency Deficit Reduction act of 1993 (I think I got the title right...) 8 years of increasing prosperity and decreasing deficits (and eventually, expanding surpluses).

    I'd argue that the surpluses came from three sources: 1. The slight boost in revenue you mentioned from taxes, 2. The inability of the government to spend money while Clinton fought with congress... remember the shutdowns? and 3. The bubble in tax receipts caused by the dot-com run.

    Since we don't want to cause another dot-com bubble, I'm all for splitting the congress and presidency again. All we need is for the economy to outpace government spending - which is easy when they can't pass any spending bills!

    Hiking taxes is prudent, but only after we swing out of the recession... just as was the case during '93 when we finally came out of that recession. It's also politically dangerous - I'd argue that it didn't help the Dems one bit when they were trying to fight off the "contract with america".

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  141. Sorry, I know off topic by Brass+Cannon · · Score: 2, Informative

    ...but this post requires a response.

    First if you think that what we've had in the last 40 years even remotely resembles unchecked capitalism you should try starting your own business (as I have). And no, I don't mean IT consulting. I mean a business that actually makes a product. Government is everywhere. Regulations, taxes, insurance, audits, min wage, overtime, unemployment tax, etc. They interfere at every turn and have driven manufacturing away. What they haven't driven out, they are taking over. The USA could do with a few decades of unchecked capitalism. By unchecked I mean no interference & no bailouts.

    You say the markets are not rationale? They are far more rationale than the state. The state that is now propping up a failed automobile industry that the market would have fixed or done away with years ago. Check your premises.

    As for health care... You mention people in South America with better health care. Bunk. In 2006 alone, Bush signed a foreign aid bill that sent $20.6B to South America. TANSTAAFL.

    You have no right to health care or a job or a living wage or a house. You have no right to the fruits of someone else's (doctors & nurses) labor. You have the right to your life, your liberty and to pursue happiness, not to actually be happy. That's up to you.

    I can think of no one who said it better than Ayn Rand. Yes, Ayn Rand. People quote it because it's relevant. Criticize it when you've read it.

    From Atlas Shrugged...

    "I quit when medicine was placed under state control, some years ago," said Dr. Hendricks. "Do you know what it takes to perform a brain operation? Do you know the kind of skill it demands, and the years of passionate, merciless, excruciating devotion that go to acquire that skill?

    That was what I would not place at the disposal of men whose sole qualification to rule me was their capacity to spout the fraudulent generalities that got them elected to the privilege of enforcing their wishes at the point of a gun.

    I would not let them dictate the purpose for which my years of study had been spent, or the conditions of my work, or my choice of patients, or the amount of my reward.

    I observed that in all the discussions that preceded the enslavement of medicine, men discussed everything - except the desires of the doctors. Men considered only the "welfare" of the patients, with no thought for those who were to provide it. That a doctor should have any right, desire or choice in the matter, was regarded as irrelevant selfishness; his is not to choose, they said, only "to serve".

    That a man who is willing to work under compulsion is too dangerous a brute to entrust with a job in the stockyards - never occurred to those who proposed to help the sick by making life impossible for the healthy.

    I have often wondered at the smugness with which they assert their right to enslave me, to control my work, to force my will, to violate my conscience, to stifle my mind - yet what is it they expect to depend on, when they lie on an operating table under my hands?

    Their moral code has taught them to believe that it is safe to rely on the virtue of their victims. Well, that is the virtue I have withdrawn. Let them discover the kind of doctors their system will now produce.

    Let them discover, in their operating rooms and hospital wards, that it is not safe to place their lives in the hands of a man whose life they have throttled. It is not safe, if he is the sort of man who resents it - and still less safe, if he is the sort who doesn't."

    Atlas Shrugged, 1957
    Book 3, "A is A"

    1. Re:Sorry, I know off topic by Temposs · · Score: 1

      The part you're missing in your outlook is that no one succeeds on his own.

      The doctors and nurses that go through all their training and do all their brain surgeries on all their patients, they rely on the rest of society encouraging them, making it easier for them, having the infrastructure in place to do everything from educating them to having roads to bring patients to a hospital, and to pay for police/fire/military protection so that the doctor can practice his trade.

      To say that a doctor got where he is on his own and deserves every penny he can squeeze out of his patients no matter what is bullshit. Our society values doctors enough to make a relatively smooth path to become a doctor if someone has the drive and intelligence to do so, and any doctor who comes out of our system today is a result of that. Coming out of this system, doctors have an obligation to better our society with their skill and knowledge. There's even the hippocratic oath they have to swear and such.

      If our society decides that our doctors/hospitals that we provide so much infrastructure for are not serving the public well(for a critical task in a functioning society), but being greedy bastards or are being inept or inefficient, there is some merit to the government redirecting the healthcare industry in a better direction, even if it means some people are going to go out of business or make less money. If the societal infrastructure wasn't there, they wouldn't be in business at all in the first place.

      --
      Knowledge is just opinion that you trust enough to act upon. -Orson Scott Card
    2. Re:Sorry, I know off topic by Brass+Cannon · · Score: 1

      This is a good debate and I would like to continue it. Sorry if I came across as adversarial before.

      The basis of your argument seems to be this: society, thru it's encouragement and infrastructure enables us to succeed. It is because of this that society is entitled to set the ground rules for how we utilize the skills we acquired as a direct result of societies help.

      I agree that no one get where they are alone. We rely on education and infrastructure etc... That's your first point and we agree.

      Your next paragraph makes a couple of points. First, you disagree that a doctor is entitled to squeeze his patients no matter what. I agree with you that there is a limit to what he can charge but we disagree on how those limits should be set. I believe that a doctor, and anyone else for that matter, is entitled to charge whatever the market will bare.

      Suppose that there is one and only one surgeon that can perform an operation that will cure a horrible condition. Suppose further that his fee is such that no one can afford to pay. People don't get the surgery and die. Bad for them but also bad for the surgeon because he does not get the fee. Less bad arguably but bad just the same. He has priced himself out of the market. He will be forced by market conditions to lower his fee just to get some work. After lowering his fee, he can only do so much and so mostly chooses to work on those who can pay the most money. I say mostly because I can't believe that a person goes into medicine just to make a lot of money. There are far easier ways. His morals will win out and he will balance his greed as you call it and his desire to help others. If he has no morals and is just a greedy bastard as you say then do you really want him to operate on you? Go back my Any Rand reference.

      Now what happens if we handle it by allowing government to step in and take control? I read a very good analogy by Salvatore J. Durante about just that...

      ---

      Let's say we all agree that hats are worth having, or even a necessity, and that all Americans have a right to them. We pass a law stating that the government will pay for everyone's hats, through taxpayer dollars. What happens? First of all, hat sales skyrocket. I'm not particularly fond of hats, but if I can get them for free or below cost, why not?

      Lesson One: there is no limit to demand, if those who get the product or use it are not paying, directly or in some way they can see. This is unavoidable. The freeloaders will try to get all they can, and most of the rest of us will want something to show for our tax dollars.

      If such a law passed, most hatmakers would be delirious with joy. Everyone wants hats! They expand their shops and produce as many hats as they can. What happens next? The average price of hats shoots through the roof. Why?

      There are two reasons. First, of the hats now being sold, the more expensive ones - the ones only a few people could afford before - will now be in much greater demand, since the individual hat-buyer no longer has to pay from his own, limited resources. If the latest style is a platinum-plated beret, anyone who wants one will now get it.

      The other reason for the rising prices is competition: specifically, lack of it. New products, such as the first cam-corders or the first compact disc players, are usually expensive. Prices drop because more people want to make money from a product: they try to come up with cheaper and more efficient ways of producing it, so they can sell the product more cheaply and grab some of the market. Our unlimited government funding of hats has completely cut out the need for competition. Any hat maker can stay in the business, no matter how high his prices.

      Lesson Two: prices will skyrocket if there's no limit to how much people can spend on a product. If anyone who wants the product can buy it, price no object, there is absolutely no reason for the manufacturer to try to cut his prices, and no reason for the buyer to control how much he spen

  142. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Duhavid · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "Actually, no they aren't. Some people have no value, some people have negative value."

    People, in general are. Your couple of examples really dont change the fundamentals.

    "Simple: money to live on. If they don't want to work, then they don't get any money, and they starve to death. What are they going to do, take all the CEOs into slavery and make them work the fields? There's not enough CEOs to produce that much food."

    I never said people should not work. In fact, I did say that "there should be enough insecurity to prompt productivity" ( or words to that effect ). But why cant that work ( and hard work ) produce an ability to have a couple small conveniences and food and healthcare? Perhaps you will come back with "what about (some small number ) of people who choose cigarettes and hookers and a million other bad choice items" rather than these other things. Your argument I would hold true, for them, but not everyone, nor even most do that.

    "And what's with all the complaining about CEOs?"

    There is lots there to complain about.

    "something that's completely the fault of the Democrats"

    Which is? The complaining, or the events leading to the complaining. I have a hard time believeing Every Democrat is 100% to blame, and all Republican is 100% pure as the driven snow in this. I am going to suggest you examine your bias.

    "If you're not a stockholder, your opinion on their pay is irrelevant."

    They affect society, I am part of society, so I have to say I dont agree with the above.

    "And if you are a stockholder, look in the mirror for someone to blame"

    I'm not, and you have a point, but it only goes so far. My only option as a stockholder is to withhold my funding. ( Something I would do were I in a position to invest. ) Stockholder control of the company is too diffuse to allow stockholders, in general, to do anything. Unfortunately, as we see, ethical or moral based investing does not keep unethical companies from getting investors.

    "Overpaid CEOs usually mean companies that don't perform as well as the competition."

    I agree, over the long term. Wall street is focused on the short term.

    "If everyone did this, companies wouldn't waste so much on CEO paychecks."

    Absolutely, but this has as much chance as working in the real world as Marx's Utopia.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4
  143. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Duhavid · · Score: 1

    It is entirely possible that your assumptions about my post are warranted, coming in the middle of a bunch of posts that I have not thoroughly read, but realize that my point was that healthcare should be available and affordable, not necessarily socialized.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4
  144. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by smallfries · · Score: 1

    There are too many small-minded people, in my opinion, who can't see the forest for the trees.

    Err, very true. Do you know the meaning of irony?

    I notice that in the middle of your huge rant against social welfare in the form of annecdotes you forgot to "back up" your claim that the NHS in the UK was shit. I've used it. A lot. And it provides very good care.

    --
    Slashdot: where don knuth is an idiot because he cant grasp the awesome power of php
  145. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by David+Greene · · Score: 1

    $1 spent on road construction does not get you an additional $1 in economic growth;

    Perhaps not, but $1 spent on public transit can get you $9 of economic growth. So yes, there is value in investing in the public good.

    --

  146. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by OS2toMAC · · Score: 1

    Thankfully Steve Dahl and his Insane Coho Lips army dispatched Disco for the most part on July 12th 1979 at Comiskey Park, with "Disco Demolition" (or as he now calls it DD). Saving the youth of America.

  147. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Those who sacrifice Medial Liberty for the sake of Medical Security deserve NEITHER.

    And it wasn't "unchecked capitalism".

    I'd note that it was the collapse of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, a GOVERNMENT REGULATED corp that caused the collapse of the markets.

  148. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Cytotoxic · · Score: 1

    Whoa, wait a minute...

    Blaming the low quality of public healthcare in Taiwan on the national health insurance system is ridiculous. The primary problem is that most of the doctors who participate in it are incompetent. The good doctors who actually went to quality medical schools do not participate in the national insurance program because the payments are much too small.

    The public healthcare system isn't to blame.... the doctors are no good because the public healthcare system doesn't pay enough for the good doctors to participate. But it's not the public healthcare system's fault. Nope, sorry... not following your logic there.

  149. bob and i are stealing, from carl sagan: by circletimessquare · · Score: 1

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(novel)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(film)

    although the rich billionaire's plot is not defined as definitively true or false

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  150. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Bourbonium · · Score: 1

    Sorry to burst your bubble, but the markets are completely rational. Now, this is not to imply that the markets are at all predictable. That's where risk comes into play. The "irrational exhuberance" of recent years has been severely punished and the market is just correcting itself. You may not like what it's doing, or how the government is responding, but it is doing exactly what Hayek and Friedman and Krugman and decades of economic models all predicted it should do.

  151. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by bit+trollent · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Very interesting post. I have also heard horror stories from relatives abroad, though none of them have worried about running out of money due to medical bills.

    Recently I went to the Dr. because I had a cold that I was afraid was infectious. My doc touched my belly and sent me down to the ER to check for appendicitis.

    A few weeks later I got a bill for over $1000. I have decent (by American standards) insurance. I really can't afford to go back to the hospital, though I was reffered to a specialist.. I hope whatever they found on that expensive CT scan wasn't too important...

    By the way, the number one cause of bankruptcy in the US (when we aren't in a depression) is medical bills. If that isn't a sign of a totally broken system I don't know what is.

    Overall I have to say that I like my insurance, but if my company didn't offer a group plan I would be stuck in the individual market that specifically excludes the prior conditions that I actually need medical care for.

    I'm willing to roll the dice with a goverment plan because one day I would like to start a business, but I simply can't live without company group rate insurance.

    Also, for all the great care I get, have spent tens of thousands of dollars if you count my premiums and what my company pays which basically comes out of my pay. I have a feeling that the kind of money I already drop on health care would go a long way in a public / private insurance model.

  152. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by BenSchuarmer · · Score: 1

    I'll second that. You have to consider what different countries get compared to what they spend. The US spends more per capita and as a percentage of GDP on health care than any other country, but we're not getting better outcomes than countries that spend less.

  153. No V-ger for one thing! by grikdog · · Score: 1

    No bald babes projected by obscenely hybridized Voyager 6, because who needs robots when Manned Space Flight takes up soooooo much GDP that the Roddenberries have to realize the whole Q arc on YouTube.

    --
    ``Tension, apprehension & dissension have begun!'' - Duffy Wyg&, in Alfred Bester's _The Demolished Man_
  154. Incremental improvements from another direction by roystgnr · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The space shuttle was a noble goal: "Make a reusable launch vehicle, one that can be operated every few days without having to be thrown away." "Every few days" turned into "every several months" and "without having to be thrown away" turned into "with only part of it being thrown away, part fished out of the ocean, and part torn apart and rebuilt", but the long term goal was good. No matter how many incremental improvements you make to an expendible rocket, you either need to make the non-incremental change of adding flyback systems or you need to accept that the price of each trip will include building and discarding one of the largest and highest performance vehicles in history. The Delta, Atlas, etc. people made the latter choice, and although iteration still led them to better satellite launchers than Shuttle, it's not something we can build a real space program on.

    The trouble with the RLV alternative is that, if making a reusable orbital vehicle in shot is too hard (as I'd agree NASA proved), the only way to get there incrementally is from reusable suborbital vehicles. Start with something like the DC-X, bump up to something that can hit Mach 10, Mach 15, Mach 20, Mach 25, increasing the size and performance as necessary. But long before you've made enough incremental improvements to reach orbit, you'll probably have made too many for the public's patience. "We made it to the moon in 1969!" they'll tell their Congressmen; "why are we wasting so much money" (i.e. a tiny fraction of that expense) "on rockets that can't even stay in space?" Or worse, you'll lose the program to administrators who think "Here's a great opportunity to experiment with multi-lobed tanks, lifting bodies, linear aerospike engines, and a bunch of other untested technology all at once, just as soon as we weed the competition down to a single contract to the guys who made the best Powerpoint slides! What could possibly go wrong? Whateration, did you say?"

    1. Re:Incremental improvements from another direction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You could get to reusable by incremental steps.

      A Saturn V is completely lost in a typical mission, save for the little nose cone with the people inside it; change the top stage and nose cone to a little reusable lander. Then once that's debugged, put that on top of a stage that flies back under some control, ditches in the ocean, and gets reused. Who knows, maybe you could iterate to a Saturn where all stages are reusable.

      Or, start smaller. Take a satellite launch rocket and design a two-stage vehicle where both stages are recovered and reused. Fly and iterate, and it might scale up into a reusable two-stage design that could carry people and stuff into orbit.

      Or, just keep flying the expendables, but have the DC/X program. DC/X was doing great things on not much budget; NASA politics killed it. DC/X was done under the aegis of DOD because NASA didn't want it, and then, when NASA finally got it, NASA managed to destroy the only DC/X prototype after a very short time. (Jerry Pournelle has commented that just building a single prototype was the worst mistake of the DC/X program. They were working on limited budget, true; but had there been other prototypes, a single crash likely couldn't have killed the program outright.) Imagine if NASA had never become "all Shuttle all the time" and had actually wanted to run the DC/X program; imagine further that the Apollo engineers got to work on it.

      But I think we agree that a single great leap forward, with no test vehicles or intermediate vehicles, is not the way to go.

  155. this is historical myopia by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Insightful

    what you describe depends upon the existence of some mythical past where these elements of human nature were not present. on the contrary, the behavior you describe is part of every historical epoch, in every society. rather, what you describe is new to your personal experience, not new to humanity. you're projecting

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  156. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Gunnut1124 · · Score: 1

    Because it is the right thing to do. (objectively, morally "right", not "right" as-in "correct")

    --
    America is all about speed. Hot, nasty, badass speed. -Eleanor Roosevelt, 1936
  157. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Buscador · · Score: 1

    OK, let me break it down. The majority of the doctors in Taiwan DO participate in the national healthcare system. The majority of those doctors are incompetent. The public healthcare system did not cause that; low standards for licensing and poor quality medical schools did. Eliminating the public healthcare system won't improve the quality of care, it will just mean that fewer people will have access to even the crappy care they currently have. Increasing the payouts through the national insurance system might help somewhat, as it might encourage the good doctors to begin participating, and other good doctors who work elsewhere to come to Taiwan, but it would do little to improve the quality of care provided by the rest of the doctors. I am not arguing for or against free healthcare in any country, and I was trying not to get even farther off topic than the post I replied to already had. I am simply saying that in Taiwan, free healthcare can't be blamed for the poor quality of the medical care. Similarly, I would also agree that increasing the funding of the system there would do little to improve the situation.

  158. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by robi5 · · Score: 1

    And your message contradicts to the P how? Maybe public healthcare there is something to do with high volume with taxpayer funds, which lead to overworked, underpaid doctors who for this reason are self-chosen for their willingness to put up with it while the decent ones go private. Or it leads to parasolvency as in the former Socialist countries which has the advantage that it helps keep decent doctors around. A governing political party will not lose the next election due to substandard or inhuman public healthcare. But it will lose if it increases taxes to cover (badly attributed) funding needs. In Hungary, the political death of the current governing party was when it introduced a co-payment fee, which was intended to keep those away who have plenty of time and just go for a chatter with the doctor and the other gossiping patients sharing the lengthy waits. The co-payment fee became the subject of a national ballot (which itself cost more than a year's worth of co-payment at stake) where the majority of voters rejected it. The co-payment in question was going to be a little over $1 with lots of exceptions. The party trying to introduce it is on its way to become a political fringe while its former coalition partner can't get enough votes to get at least one member into the Parliament.

  159. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by rantingkitten · · Score: 2, Insightful

    His doctor strongly recommended he pay out of his own pocket and get the treatment immediately. That's what he did. So explain to me again the point of government health care?

    Great, he was able to pay for costly medical procedures himself. Many -- perhaps most -- people are not.

    Back in 2004 I was in a low-paying job where I had no health insurance. I broke my wrist, which required about twelve grand in surgery to repair properly. Where was someone making barely above minimum wage going to come up with that kind of money? Maybe work out a payment plan, but who is going to want to deal with someone with as horrible credit as I had back then, and who was barely making enough to pay the bills as it was? Or perhaps I should have just splinted it myself and hoped it healed without leaving that hand crippled for life?

    I was fortunate enough to have parents with money, and they were able to take care of this for me. Not all are so lucky.

    Every time I hear someone whinge about waiting lists, I have to sigh. Waiting a few months for treatment might not be great but it beats the stuffing out of not getting treatment at all, which is what many people are facing today, right here in the US.

    And, finally, I don't really see what's so great about our current system. Insurance companies exist to make profit, not to provide healthcare. A system where there is a profit motive in denying claims seems pretty dumb to me.

    --
    mirrorshades radio -- darkwave, industrial, futurepop, ebm.
  160. Earth Orbit Rendezvous, therefore... by spaceyhackerlady · · Score: 1

    One of the Big Decisions of Project Apollo was the choice of Lunar Orbit Rendezvous, because it had the best chance of getting to the Moon by the end of the decade. Direct Ascent wasn't feasible, and Earth Orbit Rendezvous, while safe and easy to get right, would take too long to develop.

    Once Apollo 11 had landed and the race to the Moon had been won, a properly-funded NASA could have developed other space technologies. Stuff developed for EOR would have wider application, to go to Mars, the Lagrange points, and more. The Apollo hardware, while ingenious and effective, was a dead end. It proved a point, but it had no future.

    That same properly-funded NASA would still have a need for an Earth-to-orbit shuttle. As part of a larger, coordinated plan, they would have come up with something quite different from the antiques that are straining their guts out and just-barely-failing to blow up on each launch. They would have been able to refine and rethink the design, and would have gone through several generations by now.

    ...laura

  161. Velcro - what a newsy!!!!! by sgt_doom · · Score: 1

    Everyone knows Velcro was invented by that Swiss engineer, walking through the forest and getting burrs stuck to his pants leg. Geez!!@##*@(_

    And he's wrong about Tang, so chances are he's probably wrong about quite a few things. Everything I said stands up and can be verified by real research, not some silly "There WMDs in Iraq, because Dick Cheney told me so!" spiel from a Judy Miller-type newspaper (now with a highly paid job at the Manhattan Institute - yet another neocon-supported "stink tank."

    Although, much thanks for the attempt at thoughtful feedback.

    1. Re:Velcro - what a newsy!!!!! by dtmos · · Score: 1

      ?!? Did you read the linked article? It agrees with you, except for Tang -- which was first marketed as a breakfast drink in 1957, and languished in obscurity until NASA selected it for the Gemini program in the mid-1960s.

  162. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by c6gunner · · Score: 1

    Well, by that logic, you could argue that giving everyone a free car is also the "morally right thing to do". That doesn't mean anyone should support such a scheme, though.

    Besides which, I'm not sure that it IS morally right. I don't see how taking money from people in order to provide a "free" service is in any way moral. At best it's morally neutral (amoral), at worst it's immoral.

    Now if you were to personally go and pay for a homeless man to have a checkup at the local clinic, you could certainly claim that your actions were moral and generous, and I would agree. I'd give you a medal, if I could. But if your only involvement in that persons treatment was to support a law which forces others to pay for it, then you haven't done anything which could be considered "morally right". Moral acts require deliberate decisions and personal sacrifice - what you're proposing is the exact opposite.

  163. Linear induction motor by argent · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Build a linear induction motor up the side of Mauna Kea and launch all your bulk materials that way, leave the low-acceleration launch capacity for humans.

  164. What if the dark ages hadn't happened? by Haxzaw · · Score: 1

    If the dark ages hadn't happened we'd probably have had the space program 400 years earlier, and then maybe it wouldn't have ended. We'd certainly have been to Mars by now, and there's no telling what else.

  165. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Insightful

    Obama might seem like a "socialist" by comparison with the neocons there before, but in no other country in the world would the US Democratic Party be described as "socialist".

    Let's see.... Nationalized banks, brokerages, automobile manufacturers... moving to nationalize healthcare; subsidized with confiscatory taxes targeting less than 1% of the population...

    Nope, doesn't sound socialist at all. Sounds Fascist.

  166. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "socialization of trillions of dollars of losses in the financial sector"

    Private profit public risk ventures are not by any stretch of the definition socialist.

  167. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mldi · · Score: 1

    I agree - but in our case the "system" is primarily private enterprise... and it did collapse. Which is good. Our government, though entangled, is still a mostly separate entity from the broader economy - so it survives when the economy crashes.

    In the Soviet system, the government WAS the economy. When the economy crashed, so did the government. Or was it the other way around? You can't separate the two.

    We're currently in a massive shift from private enterprise to "the government's bitch". In fact, I think spending trillions on a phantom "bailout" actually accomplishes the tie-in itself. We're spending money we don't have, when we're already way too far in a deficit we can't possibly pay back. It's all phantom dollars. Once our lenders decide to call it in, or once they realize how much our overinflated buck is actually worth -- POOF! I'm hesitant to call lended money that doesn't actually represent any real value a solid economy OR government.

    It's really not just one administration's fault either. It's no argument the previous one gave it a good start down the hill, especially in the last 4 years. But the current one is kicking it the rest of the way. I know many will argue the current administration is full of minigods, but it's like saying Cleveland is awesome because it's not Detroit (I apologize to the Cleveland population).

    And now, the two major parties - and the extremists on both sides of the population representing them - are in such a hissy fit with each other, they're ignoring what the consequences of their fights. Instead of collectively using differing perspectives to strengthen the quality of decisions made, everybody's ignoring proper practice, using illegal and hideous methods to push and prod their way through ridiculous legislation, unable to see past their own noses, and damn everybody who gets in their way (including the well-being of their own country and citizens).

    Time to stop fighting children. Look at what we're doing.

    --
    If you aren't suspicious of your government's actions, you aren't doing your job as a responsible citizen.
  168. Yeah but Shuttle has benefits too by Spy+Handler · · Score: 1
    Agreed with everything parent said. However, he is neglecting some the benefits of the Shuttle program, which are:
    • Empire-building for NASA bureaucrats
    • Pork for well-connected defense contractors (there was NO reason why a multi-segment SRB with O-ring joints should've been chosen over a single-piece design, except that the honorable senator from Utah who controlled the space budget commitee had to deliver the bacon to his home state... and being in landlocked Utah Thiokol could not ship by barge and could only build something that fits on trains, thus the segmented design and hydrogen leaking out of O-rings on a cold day)
    • Employment guarantees that come with such a massive, ongoing program
    • Bankrupting the Soviets, who were duped into trying to copy the Shuttle with their Buran program. Each shuttle mission costs $1.5 billion per launch; great way to get those commies to waste money!
  169. kids these days by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Apollo Missions? Cold War? Back in my day, we had cable TV and the Gulf War!

  170. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The parent nailed it on the head. A very good doctor who has traveled to all the places mentioned by the parent echos the same messages.

    (Posting as AC because the doctor is my Dad.)

  171. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

    Healthcare would be much less expensive if we paid for poor people's visits to their GP instead of the ER. I know it hurts some people to "pay someone's way", but one way or the other we are paying for life-saving medical care. I'd prefer to pay a $30 prescription and a $100 consultation rather than a $1,000 ER bill. I hate people but I'm willing to pay taxes that ensure everyone's continued life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Even if that person is lazy, or congenitally ill, or if maybe that person used to be just like me but they got laid off and their situation went from bad to worse due to no fault of their own. Shit happens.

    Unemployment shouldn't be a death sentence.

    -b

    --
    No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
  172. Johnson City? Oh, Please! by heironymous · · Score: 1

    It would be called Moonbase Alpha.

    Life always imitates art. Consider the name of the first space shuttle.

  173. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mdwh2 · · Score: 1

    Smokers etc pay a disproportionate amount towards the system through taxes.

    "Wow, smokers are expensive!" and then the government will tell you that you can't smoke.

    Well let's see - in countries where we have national healthcare, smoking is still legal. OTOH, in the US without national healthcare, many drugs are illegal. So it seems there's no correlation, and no evidence for your assertion.

    with a government pay system it will be government bean counters making rules.

    I'd still rather that than a private insurance company doing that.

    I'm in a well paid job, so would come off better than most. But I still don't want the risk of being ruined because I'm unlucky enough to have a bad accident - or if I rely on insurance, then I'm penalised for falling into certain groups, no matter what my individual health is like, or that I may be dissuaded from taking treatment for one condition out of fear of it increasing my premiums later on. Not to mention the problem of developing a condition when I don't have insurance, and then I can never get insurance because it's a "pre-existing condition".

    I'd still rather everyone else receive healthcare too - An unhealthy workforce means more spread of disease, and less productivity, meaning less people paying taxes, more people receiving benefits.

    Denying a kidney to a person because they are too old is not morally superior to denying a kidney to someone because they are too poor - either way someone isn't getting a kidney.

    That's a completely separate issue, because the supply of kidneys are limited. But if we can afford to give healthcare to both - and I would hope the richest nation of the planet can - then why is it better to deny one of them?

  174. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mdwh2 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    There are degrees of "good". We moan about the NHS in the UK, in that we might have to wait a few hours to be seen to, but it's still miles better than not having any treatment at all, or being lumbered with a massive bill.

    Same with the public transport. Yeah, we moan about the trains being crap here - but that doesn't mean it's anywhere near comparable to not having any at all!

  175. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    I'm with ya - whether people should have access to health care is a settled question... they do. I'm not really out to improve their lot in life so much as to contain costs. Free clinics in cities would probably work, and in more sparsely populated places it probably just makes financial sense to pay people's doctor bill rather than set up clinics.

    But the main goal, as you say, should be to get people out of the ER for routine health care.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  176. Re:What if Kennedy hadn't committed to the landing by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

    If the russians had done the whole moon thing, we would have done the whole LEO thing except with 10X the warheads. I mean really, you want to send something up out of earth's gravity well into the moon's gravity well, and then back to earth? Do you have any idea how much more energy it takes to get to the moon vs. LEO? The moon is not, like, LEO plus 10 miles- It is a big deal.

    Granted, having LEO nukes would have made the cold war WAY too tense for my comfort, so I'm glad it didn't happen.

    -b

    --
    No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
  177. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    We're currently in a massive shift from private enterprise to "the government's bitch".

    We're not in any kind of massive shift. The government has long had it's nose in banking, and the amount of money loaned out under TARP isn't actually all that much - it was simply a source of liquidity that kept the banks from going bust and in all likelihood it will be paid off, plus some. Remember, these were banks so if they failed the government would have ended up owning them anyway... better to spend a few billion up front that you actually stand a chance to get back than to let them fail and take on all responsibility for their deposits - not to mention the economic fallout of the entire banking system failing. They actually tried that with Bear, and it was a total nightmare.

    The only other industry that has really seen a lot of government intervention is the auto industry. This was a charity case to prevent massive unemployment in the midwest, not some grand socialist agenda. Once again, the pittance spent bailing out GM is nothing compared to what the feds would have spend on welfare and unemployment had the entire auto industry collapsed. An I suspect that the government will even make money at the end of the day.

    We're spending money we don't have, when we're already way too far in a deficit we can't possibly pay back.

    When you are paying half a percent interest, why in the world would you pay it back?

    Once our lenders decide to call it in, or once they realize how much our overinflated buck is actually worth -- POOF!

    You think China is going to take any steps to de-value our currency? Who would buy their crap and keep their economic engine running. Any slide in the dollar versus their currency means a stop to new manufacturing construction.

    I'm hesitant to call lended money that doesn't actually represent any real value a solid economy OR government.

    All I can say is that you are pretty much on your own there. Whenever the US offers bonds, they auction them off with around 0.5% interest. This is because the world views federal notes to be the absolute safest place to put their money. When the auctions get tougher and we have to pay more in interest, then we'll talk about trouble. In particular, inflation... which worries the Chinese tremendously.

    Instead of collectively using differing perspectives to strengthen the quality of decisions made,

    Oh, DC is just the worst. So many self-serving jackasses.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  178. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    Gotcha, thanks for the clarification.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  179. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    It seems like you read only the top part of my post. I am with you - basic health care should not only be available to all, like it is now; it needs to be done in a much more cost-effective way.

    Well let's see - in countries where we have national healthcare, smoking is still legal.

    Legal, because prohibition is stupid. But even in France, it is heavily restricted. And yes, they use "health" as justification. But I'll grant that there may not be any correlation - it's pure speculation on my part.

    I'd still rather that than a private insurance company doing that.

    At least you can shop around for insurance.

    Not to mention the problem of developing a condition when I don't have insurance, and then I can never get insurance because it's a "pre-existing condition".

    This can be remedied by allowing people to join buying collectives, where the healthcare companies would lose the ability to reject individuals since they would be competing for the business of the collectives. In this way, uninsured individuals could pay the same, say $5000/year that businesses do and get very comprehensive health insurance.

    and I would hope the richest nation of the planet can

    No, we cannot. There is no end to the demand of people with free health care. It will have to be rationed. You can ration it with money, or with bureaucrats. I won't claim that one is better than the other from a moral standpoint - I'm simply pointing out that rationing is inherent to any health care system.

    What I think we can afford, because we already provide it, is universal basic health coverage. I'd prefer to not do this through the very expensive ER system - and throw in some preventative care to boot.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  180. Stephen Baxter by itsdapead · · Score: 1

    The book "Voyage" by Stephen Baxter dealt with exactly this - he has an alternative history in which Kennedy Got Better and NASA pushed on to mars and everybody cheers.

    If that's too upbeat, in "Titan" he has an alternative alternative in which signs of life are found on Titan - unfortunately a Shuttle flight has just crashed and a religious right president is dismantling science, but the remaining shuttles are used up to assemble last hurrah manned mission to Titan while Earth goes to hell in a handbasket. Spookily this was written before the second Shuttle disaster and pre-Dubyah. Part of Baxter's "NASA rejected me as an astronaut/Shuttle sucks/Apollo FTW" ouvre.

    --
    In a survey of 100 programmers, 111111 thought that duck-typing was a good idea.
  181. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Veyasu · · Score: 2, Interesting
    I don't get this post. I'm from Norway and I've never had anything to complain about concerning government health care. Neither has my family, any of my friends, or their families.

    I can give examples until I'm blue in the face and some people still wont be convinced.

    If you dig for shit in any system, even one you'd think was perfect, you'll find it.

  182. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'd be interested if your view is the same on other community services the government provides: Military, Police, Roadbuilding, Jurisdiction...

    Many of these are very expensive and with the Government having the monopoly on them, it essentially blocks private entrepreneurs providing these services to the ones who want and can afford to pay for.

    Just like you see people living an unhealthy way unbearable for a public Health Care, Oil Companies for instance are unbearable for public Military Services, since clearly the US Military is spending more time to protect their interests than the average taxpayers'. Or put in other way, what is the gain for the average tax payer to finance a couple of ships inhabited by a few thousand people floating around somewhere in the indian ocean?

  183. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Colour me confused.

    If the previous administration were not all bad, how did they end up involving themselves and various other nations in two "wars" which have, and continue to cost an enormous amount of money without any clear goal or purpose?

    As much as it's very nice to introduce the concept of democracy, the cost to the West, and to the civilians in the areas we chose to introduce it to is horrific.

    Socialism isn't automatically a bad thing, unless, of course, you are a Dubya apologist.

    The problem with the economy was caused by capitalism/greed, and isn't easily fixed by anything any party can choose to do; the moment you allow banks to lend to people who cannot pay it back, eventually the system will collapse again.

    You could argue that all the major car companies had been allowed to fail through no government challenging them when they merged and acquired each other, but everyone assumed (and it was an assumption, as neither you, I, nor anyone else on /. actually sat down and worked the figures) that because a company controls 30% of the market and has assets valued at X billions, employs Y millions and sells to Z consumers, there was any chance that the sales would dry up, and all the other numbers would become meaningless.

    In the same way a supermarket does not care if you, as an individual buy from them on any given day, or spend above a certain amount, as things are averaged, the system has a glaring flaw. If I, and everyone else in my town decide today to buy eggs, the stores will run out, but be quite cheerful about it. However if there is another salmonella news report and everyone in the town decides NOT to buy eggs, the stores figures will break down.

    The world isn't about individuals, it's about large groups acting mostly predictably. If we all decide, tomorrow, to walk to work, the result will be obvious to the petrol companies. But we cannot, and will not do so, as people are lazy/in a hurry/commute to far.

    The law of averaging consumer behaviour doesn't scale well to debt, and it certainly cannot be applied to a wider group, such as all Americans will bank accounts.

    The system failed due to the system being flawed, and quite frankly anyone, such as you, who somehow believe that the government who was in power for 8 years didn't have a hand in this, and it is all the fault of the guy who has been in power for six months, is a fool.

     

  184. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Veetox · · Score: 1

    Stanislaw Lem, "Peace on Earth"

  185. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Socialist Utopian fantasy, where the magical god government provides enough for everyone.

    Of course... the magical government god also defines what "enough" actually is.

  186. Saying that it "doesn't work" is wrong by Kartu · · Score: 1

    Look at the real picture:

    • 192x-195x Stalin's era: RAPID groth of the economy, turning russian empire from agricultural developing country into nuclear superpower
    • 195x - 196x Khruschev's era: still RAPID groth of the economy (two times higher than in the west, about 10%), first "Sputnik", Gagarin etc
    • 196x - 198x Brezhnevs's era: STAGNATION, in early 80th USSR became dependent on the income oil/gas exports. Economic reforms are STOPPED. It counts only how much you produce, not how much of that is sold. Hence, factory management cares only about the amounts, not the quality
    • 198x - 199x Gorbatchov's era: being pressured by:
      • a) low oil prices
      • b) results of Brezhnev's mismanagement
      • c) Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative

      loses power to Eltsin, who, apparently, tries to break old USSR and create new one, but fails.

    What would Russia be today, if not communists? Another Nigeria? Where did 192x-196x sustained RAPID growth come from, if the system was so ineffective? (and have in mind, most of that time USSR was fighting either civil wars, or WWII or the cold war)

  187. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    Yes, my views are consistent.

    Police? Yes, heavy users should pay... organize a rally, concert, or parade? You need to pay for the police. Further, police should be (and mostly are) locally funded... so yes, the users pay for the protection.

    Roadbuilding is similar to police. Most roads are local. I'm a big fan of user-funded roads... tolls, gas tax, etc.

    The military is tougher, but I largely agree with your sentiment about oil companies. I can't help but think that our security would be better served by subsidizing alternate energy rather than protecting oil for ourselves and Europe in the Middle East. Even coal reforming + hundreds of billions of dollars per year puts us in a better position than we are today.

    Anyway, arguments like this are why you should limit government as much as possible. Size of government is roughly inversely proportional to your freedoms. If you don't like other people telling you what to do, don't empower them to do so!

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  188. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by 4D6963 · · Score: 1

    What? You mean that going to the extremes of doing the idological opposite that our former nemesis used to follow isn't a good way to run things? I say, capitalism = American, therefore we can't get too much of it! Like apple pie. Or corndogs. Mmmh, corndogs!

    --
    You just got troll'd!
  189. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    Actually there was a recent study that was published in Europe about smoking and health care, and the findings were the opposite of what we were generally told.

    Bottom line was that smokers in general die quicker, and those that don't live for a long time. The most expensive health care costs are those associated with caring for the really old who have long term medical problems. Smokers just die without the hassle of all the long term care.

    Not saying morally one way or another, only that that particular excuse doesn't wash anymore. (There are plenty of reasons why people shouldn't smoke mind you)

  190. Harry Turtledove called, by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    he wants his book back!

    Either that or in 50 years his relatives will sue everyone that posted on this forum...

  191. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    I saw that study... but didn't that just total up costs over lifetime? So smokers and obese people die sooner but are more expensive while they are alive. I guess you are right, ultimately fewer old people means lower health care costs.

    Of course, as cancer, diabetes, and heart treatments improve I'd expect costs for smokers and the obese to increase.

    Nevertheless, I believe the government would look at expenditures and go after demographics which cost the most money - I was merely using smoking as an (apparently poor) example.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  192. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    I would assume this would be the ideal benefit of a Health Insurance type program in principle. Those in a higher cost bracket would pay more for their health care. Just like someone who smoke pays more for life insurance. (as smokers DO have a higher chance of dying earlier)

    However we have seen time and time again how this doesn't work, mostly because of greedy corporations. However this does seem to make sense from the perspective that Obama is trying to socialize the system, but keeping it insurance based and not just free health care to all.

    This however may also be based on the problem of all the illegal residents the US has as well. One of the things that I think kills health care up here in Canada is immigration.

    Not to sound like an xenophobic bigot, but if someone wants to immigrate to Canada that is one thing. However what happens, is that when people do they usually eventually bring over their parents etc...

    Which in principle is fine, but the problem is that the people paying for health care are becoming less and less and the old people on it (which by far cost the most) are becoming more and more. Effectively they haven't paid enough into the system to cover their costs and thus that tab gets paid by the general tax payer (who again are becoming less and less).

    Dealing with the baby boomer shift will be bad enough without having to try and deal with this problem as well. The US has similar problems.

    I saw a special on TV about the hybrid system they use in Singapore, where everyone has a mandatory health care savings fund (part of every paycheck automatically is deposited) and health care is additionally very subsidized as well. However it still has some disparages with the poor vs those who are not. A novel idea anyway.

  193. dont argue math with me by peter303 · · Score: 1

    Sorry 'tard. Completion in seven more missions in 2010. 2016 - 2010 = 6.

    1. Re:dont argue math with me by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      Er... yeah... My point was that it's already flying, it already HAS been flying, for years- and producing valuable science and experience. Your contention, that it was an expensive six years, ignores the previous years that it has been habitable prior to 2010.

      And don't call me tard, tard.

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
  194. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    However we have seen time and time again how this doesn't work, mostly because of greedy corporations.

    Government regulations aren't helping... maybe it's the same thing. I'll give you an example:

    If I run a business, I can negotiate a deal with various insurance companies for blanket health and life insurance coverage... no physical exams, just negotiation on price.

    Yet, I cannot gather a group of 100 people into a co-op and buy the same health or life insurance. This is total horse shit - an artificial restriction on consumer's ability to collectively bargain.

    Not to sound like an xenophobic bigot,

    Don't worry about that :)

    I actually have the opposite opinion. You rightly point out that the ageing population is a problem - we simply don't have as many kids as we need to in order to keep the population from becoming top-heavy. At least in the US, this has so far been mitigated by immigration. Immigrants not only tend to have more kids, but they tend to be younger. Canada has a different immigrant profile, so I can't really comment on your situation.

    I saw a special on TV about the hybrid system they use in Singapore,

    That's not a bad idea, and at least it keeps the governments hands out of the money. There are a very large number of health care systems out there, and I think we can use many aspects of them. Personally, I'd like any federal money to get redistributed to the states to deal with the problem as they see fit. For one thing, not all states are the same demographically... free government-run clinics might work great in New York City, but they might be a terrible idea in Idaho where the population density is too sparse. Another reason is that different states using money differently would function like an experiment of sorts - I think that a decent system would end up bubbling to the top.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  195. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    when your mother decided to give birth to an ugly douche like yourself.

  196. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    Devil is usually in the details, but I know up here in Canada I can register a business or corporation by simply paying a fee and submitting documents.

    I am sure it wouldn't take too much legerdemain to create a corporate entity that could use combined buying power to purchase health insurance.

    The trouble would be starting off. Finding enough people willing to put money into it to make it worthwhile.

    You could have a system where 100 people pay into it. Perhaps eventually you can find other similar companies and amalgamate with them.

    Now Just keep doing that until the whole country is covered.

    At this point you are big enough, why not just skip the middle man and buy your own health care managing you own money.

    That is basically the definition of socialized health care.

    The only difference is that people would be paying some sort of set fee rather than a percentage of income as it currently is in Canada.

  197. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    What you describe is illegal in the US, which is my point... it shouldn't be.

    Having more than one entity would encourage competition, IMHO. Where the government should come in is in mandating certain paperwork so that every company doesn't have to devise their own system, and so that every hospital or healthcare provider doesn't need to learn a million different systems.

    The government can even set up it's own co-operative and subsidize it, restricting it to the poor, for instance. Then people can join the government plan if they want, or they can get a private plan. For instance, I'd probably want a plan where I got a huge deductible - say $5000 - and pay out-of-pocket up to that amount.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  198. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Risen888 · · Score: 1

    Don't be dense.

    If you get sick because you can't afford a doctor visit, and you get other people sick, then it costs everyone more money.

    Or, if you can't afford to go to the doctor and get sick enough to require hospitalization, well then you sure as shit can't afford that, which means the taxpayer ends up paying, and once again, it costs everyone more money.

    This is basic third grade math. Don't pretend you don't get it.

    --
    Hey, I finally got my first freak! Took you long enough!
  199. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Risen888 · · Score: 1

    Not being from any of those places, I can't really speak to the examples you raise here, so I won't try. But I want to raise a counter-example.

    Here in MN, we have MinnesotaCare, which is sort of a more comprehensive, more inclusive version of Medicaid. Income based, sliding scale kind of thing. Very broad, pretty much anyone who doesn't have employer-offered health insurance can enroll.

    But here's the kicker. It's not an insurance plan of its own. When you enroll in MNCare, they give you your choice of a few different insurers (Blue Cross and HealthPartners are the two I can name offhand, I think there are a couple others). It's publicly subsidized (and just as importantly, publicly accountable) private insurance.

    Anyway, I'm on it right now (self-employed, times are hard). So I'm insured through HealthPartners' MNCare plan. It is by far the best insurance I've ever had, and it's so cheap it may as well be free ($10/month, 0 deductible, copays are three bucks for anything but an ER visit, which is $25, note that there are different levels of coverage with MNCare, this is a middle of the road one). And I can use it pretty much anywhere (this being Minesota, HealthPartners is fucking everywhere). Dental, vision, mental health, chiropractic, everything's covered. It is worlds better than any employer-provided plan I've ever been on.

    To my understanding, the Obama proposal for a public option is broadly similar to what I've described here. I'm not saying that's a perfect plan on a nationwide level, although it does work very well here. My point is that it's not really a debate about "socialized medicine vs. free market." The right tries to paint it as such, but it's simply not true. We can decide what the future looks like in America, and it's no secret that we need to figure out because the way it works now is totally broken. A few old white dudes are getting filthy rich off keeping people sick. And that is fucked up. This is America, for God's sake. In the richest country in the world, you shouldn't have to pick between a tooth cleaning and groceries.

    --
    Hey, I finally got my first freak! Took you long enough!
  200. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by smithmc · · Score: 1

    Why?

    What is the base purpose?

    "The" base purpose? What do you mean, like, carved into the DNA of the universe? This person, or that person, or group. might have a purpose, many different such purposes, but there is no "one" purpose for everyone. It's all those purposes, interacting in proximity, that make up a society.

    --
    Downmodding is the refuge of the weak. Don't downmod, make a better argument!
  201. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by c6gunner · · Score: 1

    If you get sick because you can't afford a doctor visit, and you get other people sick, then it costs everyone more money.

    Nobody catches communicable diseases because of an inability to visit a doctor. This line of argument is only a valid reason to provide free vaccinations - something which we already do.

    Unfortunately there's been a large increase in recent years of people refusing to receive these life-saving injections. Of course, that's a different topic altogether, but it does rather nicely illustrate the point that even making things free doesn't guarantee that they'll reach your target audience.

    Or, if you can't afford to go to the doctor and get sick enough to require hospitalization, well then you sure as shit can't afford that, which means the taxpayer ends up paying, and once again, it costs everyone more money.

    So let me get this straight ... you're complaining that it costs a lot for taxpayers to foot the bill for the small subset of patients who can't afford to pay ... while simultaneously arguing that taxpayers should foot the bill for everyone?

    Go on, pull the other one.

    This is basic third grade math. Don't pretend you don't get it.

    I think the problem here is that I didn't drop out after the third grade.

  202. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Duhavid · · Score: 1

    ""The" base purpose? What do you mean, like, carved into the DNA of the universe?"

    No, of the economy. DNA's purpose is to create more DNA thru offspring.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4
  203. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Risen888 · · Score: 1

    So let me get this straight ... you're complaining that it costs a lot for taxpayers to foot the bill for the small subset of patients who can't afford to pay ... while simultaneously arguing that taxpayers should foot the bill for everyone?

    Of course. For instance, the average cost of a dental checkup and cleaning is $1000. You can pretend to not get this concept all you want, but it's not that complex.

    --
    Hey, I finally got my first freak! Took you long enough!
  204. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by c6gunner · · Score: 1

    For instance, the average cost of a dental checkup and cleaning is $1000.

    And ... ??

    You can pretend to not get this concept all you want, but it's not that complex.

    WHAT concept? You didn't even try to make a point this time!

  205. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mldi · · Score: 1

    You think China is going to take any steps to de-value our currency? Who would buy their crap and keep their economic engine running. Any slide in the dollar versus their currency means a stop to new manufacturing construction.

    Yes. They already called in some of the debt... thus our auctioning off of more bonds out of thin air. They had their own stimulus package to pay for, and they had to get some back somewhere.

    Oh, DC is just the worst. So many self-serving jackasses.

    Nice use of sarcasm for a defense. It's been long known how inefficient and bickery DC is. Also, if you don't think our "representatives" aren't self-serving jackasses, you're clearly blind to historical facts and current events.

    The government has long had it's nose in banking

    Our government always had their noses in banks, thus the federal reserve, but never in history on such a personal level. Combined with taking over by strong-arming the auto industry, bailing out (and taking ownership) of failed businesses, including FIRING AN EMPLOYEE OF A BUSINESS that the WH should have NO business in doing... all that happened within months of each other. If that isn't the beginning of a massive shift, I don't know what is.

    --
    If you aren't suspicious of your government's actions, you aren't doing your job as a responsible citizen.
  206. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    Yes. They already called in some of the debt...

    You have any source for this? I see stuff like this in the news.

    Nice use of sarcasm for a defense.

    That wasn't sarcasm... I was agreeing with you.

    strong-arming the auto industry

    Strong-arming? The executives flew to DC and begged for money! If it weren't for the US government, they would be liquidating assets right now instead of restarting assembly lines.

    If that isn't the beginning of a massive shift, I don't know what is.

    It's certainly unprecedented - but it's also temporary. I suspect that the TARP money will get paid back and that the government will not own any GM after a few years of recovery.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  207. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by ghyspran · · Score: 1

    I think you're missing the implication of the "In Soviet Russia" joke -- 'in the US, commerce controls the government'

  208. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Risen888 · · Score: 1

    It is. Cheaper. To keep people healthy. Than it is. To treat their. Unnecessary. Emergencies.

    Christ. You make me want to drink.

    --
    Hey, I finally got my first freak! Took you long enough!
  209. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by c6gunner · · Score: 1

    It is. Cheaper. To keep people healthy. Than it is. To treat their. Unnecessary. Emergencies.

    Hey, finally a straightforward statement!

    Unfortunately you forgot to add the "[citation needed]" tag. For some reason every time I talk to a person who makes that claim, they fail to provide any evidence to support it. Weird, huh?

  210. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

    "something that's completely the fault of the Democrats"
    Which is? The complaining, or the events leading to the complaining. I have a hard time believeing Every Democrat is 100% to blame, and all Republican is 100% pure as the driven snow in this. I am going to suggest you examine your bias.

    The Republicans were really bad while they were in power (00-06), but for the last couple of years the Dems have been in power (in Congress, and now in the Executive Branch too), so anything going on now is really their fault. Any bills that have passed in the last 2 years are their fault, and that includes the big bank bailout.

    Obviously, not EVERY Dem is to blame, there's a few good ones in there, but they're a minority (just like with the Reps). As a group, though, they bear the blame for much of today's mess.

    "If you're not a stockholder, your opinion on their pay is irrelevant."
    They affect society, I am part of society, so I have to say I dont agree with the above.

    Gay people making their behavior public affects society too. So do you think it would be OK for the Religious Right to sponsor legislation to criminalize homosexual behavior, because of its effects on society? If we go around legislating about everything that affects society (which is actually everyone's behavior), we might as well have a police state with no freedoms at all. (Disclaimer: since I'm not religious, I have no problem with gay people making homosexuality normal or tolerated, as I believe in freedom for all.)

    "And if you are a stockholder, look in the mirror for someone to blame"
    I'm not, and you have a point, but it only goes so far. My only option as a stockholder is to withhold my funding. ( Something I would do were I in a position to invest. ) Stockholder control of the company is too diffuse to allow stockholders, in general, to do anything. Unfortunately, as we see, ethical or moral based investing does not keep unethical companies from getting investors.

    So what? Again, those companies' behaviors are the sole responsibility of the investors, and also the customers. If you're neither, then you're interfering in dealings between two private parties, and it's none of your business.

    Of course, there is the problem of various illegal acts (bribery, etc.), and monopolies, and that's why there's laws dealing with those things. Government DOES have a valid role to play in limiting the power of corporations (as much as some strict Randians would disagree with me), as an extremely powerful company in a monopoly position is just as bad as a totalitarian government. But in the general case of a normal-sized company which has significant competitors, and isn't engaging in illegal acts like bribing government officials to get sweetheart government contracts or whatever, then it's simply not your business. I refer back to my example about scumbag Bob Nardelli from Home Depot. It sucks that he made off with so much money after such terrible performance, but it's a private company and it was their dumb choice to sign that contract with him. It's my choice to shop at Lowe's, Ace, etc. As long as HD doesn't become a monopoly (not likely with their performance), it's none of my business.

    "Overpaid CEOs usually mean companies that don't perform as well as the competition."
    I agree, over the long term. Wall street is focused on the short term.

    Yes, but again these are all private parties. Don't like it? Invest in companies focused on the long term, or don't invest in Wall Street at all. Start your own small company with good ethics; there's lots of small companies that have been around for ages and are doing just fine because they didn't focus on the long term. They don't make tons of money for do-nothing shareholders, but that's ok too. It's not government's job to make sure all our investments are good. Buyer beware.

    I never said people should not work. In fact, I did say that "there should be enough insecurity to prompt productivity" ( or wor

  211. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    There's no question that commerce controls the government to a large extent. Or it at least dominates government policy. But how does that make the "parallels stunning"? It's the exact opposite situation!

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  212. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Duhavid · · Score: 1

    "Yes, but again these are all private parties. "

        If private part(ies) light a fire outside my house, and it is in danger of catching fire, I would say I have the right to stick my nose in.

    "You seemed to be implying that all workers should rise up and overthrow their corporate masters, which sounds like something right out of the Marx Manifesto. The only way such a thing works is people continue to produce, rather than just stealing everything from their former bosses. And, this creates a giant disincentive to become a successful boss yourself, since you'll just be the next target when a bunch of disgruntled workers think you have too much."

    That would be a slight misreading. I think those that consider themselves our corporate masters should pull their heads out of their third point of contact and realize where their true best interests lie, go ahead and make a profit, even a large one, but stop with the over the top stuff.

    But say they did. I would only shed tears over actual blood. But I do agree with you, as I have repeatedly mentioned, that people would have to produce.

    I think, actually, that the best thing would be to make it such that corporations had no official or unofficial contact with government. No campaign contributions, no lobbying, no nothing. I think the market would then be freer, and closer to something that worked for everyone, rich and poor.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4
  213. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by Risen888 · · Score: 1

    Nonsense, I provided an example in the previous post about dental cleaning vs. emergency dental procedures. Those numbers are easily verifiable, don't be lazy. Look it up.

    I personally use that example because it happened to me. I had no access to dental care for the better part of a decade. I am now on public assistance, and receiving the dental treatment I need. It is costing my state's taxpayers north of $15000. I need about 14 fillings, 8 crowns, and a root canal (done, thank god). All of that - ALL OF THAT - is completely unnecessary and could have been avoided if I had had proper preventative care during my teenage years and early twenties, at the cost of about $75 a year. For those keeping score at home, that is (75*10) $750 vs. $15000. This is simple math. It's not hard, it's not complicated, everybody knows it.

    You know it too, you're just trying to be a dick.

    --
    Hey, I finally got my first freak! Took you long enough!
  214. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by mldi · · Score: 1

    Yes. They already called in some of the debt...

    You have any source for this? I see stuff like this in the news.

    http://www.fourwinds10.com/siterun_data/business/currency/news.php?q=1246389934
    and
    http://business.watoday.com.au/business/markets/china-calls-for-end-to-us-dollar-domination-20090627-d077.html

    While they can't "call it in" in a direct sense, there's more than one way to skin a cat. It's no secret China is very quickly losing faith in the value of US bonds. Them losing faith in value = actual loss of value. If they think they aren't getting paid anyway, they can cut us off, which they've done some of already, and can certainly devalue our economy if they wanted to, forcing the USA to scramble for a new loan source... and if China dumps us, welcome to the REAL depression.

    --
    If you aren't suspicious of your government's actions, you aren't doing your job as a responsible citizen.
  215. Re:If the Apollo Program would have continued . . by MightyYar · · Score: 1

    http://www.fourwinds10.com/siterun_data/business/currency/news.php?q=1246389934 [fourwinds10.com]
    and
    http://business.watoday.com.au/business/markets/china-calls-for-end-to-us-dollar-domination-20090627-d077.html [watoday.com.au]

    It looks to me like they are using treasuries as a form of hard currency to buy up commodities. This seems reasonable to me, since their own currency does not float and is essentially worthless on the world market.

    It's no secret China is very quickly losing faith in the value of US bonds.

    Losing faith? No - they continue to buy them. What they are is worried that their economic model is unsustainable. They are in the unenviable position of having a huge trading partner and wanting very little (comparatively) of that trading partner's goods. They refuse to let their own currency float because it would make their manufactured goods too expensive, so they are restricted to trading with foreign currency... and most people still want dollars.

    If they think they aren't getting paid anyway, they can cut us off, which they've done some of already,

    What do you mean? Buying up bonds and then trading them for stuff is not "cutting us off" by any stretch of the imagination. Sure, it devalues our currency compared to whatever commodity they buy - but that is the inescapable consequence of printing extra money. Remember that their currency is necessarily tied to ours, so any fall in the dollar also effects their own currency.

    forcing the USA to scramble for a new loan source...

    They are our largest bondholder, but they are hardly the only source of money flowing into US treasuries. Sure, the interest rate that the fed would have to pay would go up - but that's not exactly the end of the world.

    and if China dumps us, welcome to the REAL depression.

    Dumps us? Where would they send their manufactured goods? While it is true that we would not fare well if China suddenly cut off trade, the impact on their economy would be even greater. They accumulate billions of dollars in US currency. This currency is worthless ultimately except for buying American goods. If they cut off trade, they are stuck with a huge stockpile of worthless paper while we sit on trillions of dollars worth of finished goods. While I'd certainly rather that they cash in those US dollars to receive American goods, I can't really see how the Chinese would have anything to gain by giving up all of that money.

    Ultimately, it is the Chinese system that has to change. They can't be a serious player unless they float their currency... but when they do that, their goods will become significantly less competitive. They are in a very unenviable position, and it's no wonder that we see them whining.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.