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Seismological Society of America Claims Fracking Reactivated Ohio Fault

eldavojohn writes There have been suspicions that fracking has caused minor earthquakes in Ohio but last year seismic data recorded by the Earthscope Transportable Array was analyzed by the Seismological Society of America using template matching and has resulted in a new publication and press release making the statement that Hilcorp Energy's fracking in Poland Township in March of 2014 "did not create a new fault, rather it activated one that we didn't know about prior to the seismic activity." The earthquakes occurred in the Precambrian basement and lead the researchers to posit that further unknown faults may be activated by fracking. The press release ends with urging for "close cooperation among government, industry and the scientific community as hydraulic fracturing operations expand in areas where there's the potential for unknown pre-existing faults."

112 of 168 comments (clear)

  1. Good luck with that. by gstoddart · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Despite there being no published science about its safety, and despite evidence that it is actually polluting wells and ground water ... it will keep happening.

    Because government officials are all paid heavily by the oil and gas industry to make damned sure they can do anything they want to, right up to tearing up private property because they want to.

    These short sighted clowns only care about profits, and don't give a damn about anything else.

    I can't imagine government is going to start reigning in corporations any time soon ... which means all laws and policy will continue to be so skewed in favor of corporations as to be laughable.

    America is nothing but an oligarchy these days.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    1. Re:Good luck with that. by ganjadude · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I could have sworn that the video of burning sink water was proven to be a fake. not in the sense that it didnt actually happen, but on the basis that it had nothing to do with fracking??

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    2. Re:Good luck with that. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "America is nothing but an oligarchy these days."

      When was it not? The few people in power have always controlled everything, not just in America, but everywhere. And it will always be like that.

    3. Re:Good luck with that. by Oligonicella · · Score: 2, Informative

      You are correct. That water had gasses in it before the fracking started.

    4. Re:Good luck with that. by wiredlogic · · Score: 1

      And the best part is that the taxpayer is now heavily subsidizing an industry that isn't profitable anymore.

      --
      I am becoming gerund, destroyer of verbs.
    5. Re:Good luck with that. by Cardoor · · Score: 1

      i absolutely disagree. america is also a kleptocracy.

    6. Re:Good luck with that. by poetmatt · · Score: 2

      To be clear, none of what you're talking about is really related to the pollution of the ground water.

      The pollution of groundwater is from the actual chemicals used in some fracking and isn't tied to the whole "burning sink water" thing. Quantifying burning sink water as being tied to fracking will not happen, but quantifying what's in the water and when? That has occurred.

      Likewise, quantifying increased seismic activity to fracking has occurred.

    7. Re:Good luck with that. by jellomizer · · Score: 3, Funny

      New York State had put a stop to Fracking. And NY is about the most political state out there.

      However we need unbiased science on the effect. In the meantime, if they want to Frack, fine... However if something goes wrong, they will be responsible and will need to pay to clean it up, for the next hundred years. The Fracking companies should happily agree to these terms because their method is so clean and safe. That there should be no risk in giving the citizens the extra protection.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    8. Re:Good luck with that. by ganjadude · · Score: 2

      as for the water issue, i dont know enough to weigh in on that. as for the seismic activity, are not a few smaller quakes much better than the large one that will be coming??

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    9. Re:Good luck with that. by aaron4801 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Increased seismic activity, sure. But has there been any documented seismic damage? A bunch of 2-mile-deep 2.0 earthquakes are not even going to be felt by more than the most sensitive equipment. If there is a larger fault in the area, then frequent, small releases of energy are good for man-made structures on the surface by not letting the fault store up too much energy. It's when fault stops moving that you should get scared.

    10. Re:Good luck with that. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Pretty much spot on......

      Since the appearance of civilization, it has always been this way.

      All the blood spelt over the centuries, all the revolutions and revolutionaries.....has amounted to nothing.

      All it ever accomplished is remove the old aristocrats from power in put in place new ones, just as bad as the previous ones.

      Nothing changes, nothing will ever change....Humans seem to have a tendency to want to concentrate power to a select few elites, when organized into anything larger than tribal villages....

    11. Re:Good luck with that. by willworkforbeer · · Score: 1

      This is /. How dare you hold back your uninformed opinion. The Weighing-In to Knowledge ratio is irreparably top heavy, so just belly up to the bar and spout your theories like the rest of us.
      If we can get that denominator to zero, it is believed we'll create the prophesized 'singularity of ignorance.'

      --
      Pretending this is my office full of bitter coworkers..
    12. Re:Good luck with that. by SydShamino · · Score: 5, Insightful

      They (the owners of the company, not the pseudo-person company itself) would happily agree to those terms, knowing that they are protected by investor and bankruptcy laws, and eventually their own deaths and inheritance laws. Those terms are thus meaningless. Long-term environmental protection must be done through preventative regulation, not through post-damage punishment, as the time scales ensure those responsible cannot be adequately punished.

      I'm not making any claim as to whether fracking causes long-term environmental damage (though I'm happy it's not happening under my house), just pointing out that if it did, reactive punishment wouldn't stop it.

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    13. Re:Good luck with that. by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 2

      That was my first thought. If there was a fault line that is being activated, then they're effectively settling the tectonic mass before it can buckle any further, effectively giving us a few small harmless quakes now instead of a big highly destructive one later.

    14. Re:Good luck with that. by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2, Informative

      In the industry paid-for response TruthLand they admit that it was due to fracking, but claim that the particular well in question was not properly protected with a concrete barrier. They claim that it should not happen elsewhere if the wells are constructed properly and steps are taken to avoid contamination.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    15. Re:Good luck with that. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      No. Farts and Shit

    16. Re:Good luck with that. by Jason+Levine · · Score: 1

      The big question is how "small" are the quakes now and how long would the large one have taken had they not started fracking in that area?

      If the small quakes cause property damage and the big quake would have taken place a couple thousand years from now, then I doubt that this would be considered a good trade-off.

      --
      My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
    17. Re:Good luck with that. by ganjadude · · Score: 1

      but are we not trying to do everything we can environmentally for the future?

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    18. Re:Good luck with that. by nedlohs · · Score: 1

      "Sanitizing food" are you intentionally being deceptive or just being dumb. What is sanitized is the equipment used in the processing of food. Just because I clean the kitchen bench with bleach doesn't mean you should wash your apple with it, for fuck sake.

      And sure some of those chemicals are benign, which is surely what you would expect if you aren't a complete moron. Obviously the industry is going to list all the benign stuff.

    19. Re:Good luck with that. by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      However we need unbiased science on the effect. In the meantime, if they want to Frack, fine... However if something goes wrong, they will be responsible and will need to pay to clean it up, for the next hundred years.

      The problem is, it's actually literally impossible to clean it up with our level of technology. We cannot even survey the extent of the damage. So no, it's not fine; the cost to clean up the damage is effectively infinite.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    20. Re:Good luck with that. by dimeglio · · Score: 1

      Frackers expose themselves to potential legal battles against property owners should seismic activity increase and cause even minor property damage. I think the problem will solve itself by keeping oil prices low.

      --
      Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the author.
    21. Re:Good luck with that. by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      Er, yeah, right http://www.desmogblog.com/2013.... Perhaps not so clear cut after all but typical lawyer and corrupt judge shenanigans.

      Seriously what part did you miss with regard to turning the ground into a massive soda fountain and unknown fault lines. Fault lines by the way a big old cracks in the earth, not tiny little ones but great bloody big ones, that run for many kilometres and are very deep. So boob, what happens when you crack a pressure vessel and put it under pressure, well, surprise, surprise, surprise, it leaks. Turn the ground into a pressure vessel where there is a fault line and it will leak.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    22. Re:Good luck with that. by kwbauer · · Score: 1

      and in the sense you are talking so is every other form of government ever but much more so.

    23. Re:Good luck with that. by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      Mandatory insurance. If you want to do something that can potentially cause very expensive problems you need to insure your actions.

      Unfortunately, I doubt any insurance company would be willing to take on that kind of liability.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    24. Re:Good luck with that. by Cardoor · · Score: 1

      agreed. but at least we can look back upon the good old days, where they actually made at least a half-assed effort to pretend it wasn't so

    25. Re:Good luck with that. by Tamerlin · · Score: 1

      I can't imagine government is going to start reigning in corporations any time soon ... which means all laws and policy will continue to be so skewed in favor of corporations as to be laughable.

      The government is basically OWNED by the corporations these days. There's really not much difference between the two any longer, and they're both violently and blatantly working to destroy american lives. They're not even trying to hide the fact that they're quite happy to destroy america for money any more.

    26. Re:Good luck with that. by hawkfish · · Score: 1

      In the industry paid-for response TruthLand they admit that it was due to fracking, but claim that the particular well in question was not properly protected with a concrete barrier. They claim that it should not happen elsewhere if the wells are constructed properly and steps are taken to avoid contamination.

      Fortunately, that doesn't cost anything. And even if it did, the nice people in the fossil fuel industry are always willing to pay extra for public health.

      --
      You will not drink with us, but you would taste our steel? - Walter Matthau, The Pirates
  2. "Don't install a basement" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I told the Precambrian family not to install a basement. But did they listen? Noooooo.

    1. Re:"Don't install a basement" by Em+Adespoton · · Score: 5, Funny

      I told the Precambrian family not to install a basement. But did they listen? Noooooo.

      Well then... this is obviously their fault.

  3. Less chance of dangerous quake now by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Don't the mini quakes release energy from the faults more safely?

    1. Re:Less chance of dangerous quake now by Em+Adespoton · · Score: 4, Informative

      Don't the mini quakes release energy from the faults more safely?

      mini quakes along active fault lines release pent-up energy that protects against "the big one" -- but a dormant fault is like a healed over fracture in your bone -- if nothing disturbs it, it will continue to heal over. Now that it is active again, this will cause a chain reaction of stresses that will likely have continental and possibly global consequences, as it changes the way the other faults interact with each other.

      Basically, it made all the related fracture lines that much less predictable.

    2. Re:Less chance of dangerous quake now by Stormy+Dragon · · Score: 1

      Except around extremely large interplate faults, earthquakes are time independent; the chance of there being an earthquake tomorrow depends very little on whether the last earthquake was yesterday or 100 years ago.

      As an example, Time-independent and Time-dependent Seismic Hazard Assessment for the State of California: Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Model 1.0

      In this paper we have presented both time-independent and time-dependent probabilities for several faults and statewide ground motion hazard maps for California that show the value of peak ground acceleration with a 10% probability of exceedance for a time period of 30 years starting in 2006. The timedependent maps differ by about 10% to 15% from the timeindependent maps near A-fault sources (figure 4). However, for most of California, located well away from the time-dependent sources, the ground motions are similar.

      If fracking is causing seismic activity on interior faults, you're just getting more earthquakes, not reducing the chances of large future ones.

  4. what if by ganjadude · · Score: 4, Insightful

    what if causing a number of small earthquakes prolongs the release of a large one. Less energy is being pent up so the slippage should do less damage

    --
    have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    1. Re:what if by Solandri · · Score: 4, Informative

      This is a reactivated fault line -- not something that was due to go off. Every single time this topic comes up, some cadre upvotes this trash ...

      This is basic high school physics. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is conserved. If the amount of energy the fracking put into the ground was less than the amount of energy released from the earthquake, then clearly there was another source of that excess energy. Mainly, tectonic movements had built up stresses into the ground, which would have eventually been released as a natural earthquake if there had been no fracking.

      Active fault lines are good. It means tectonic stresses are being regularly released. Inactive fault lines can be good or bad. If there are no more tectonic stresses being built up, then the fault can't cause an earthquake, and it's good. But if there are tectonic stresses being built up, then it's bad because it means that energy isn't being released at regular intervals. We just think it's inactive when it's really not, and it's going to cause a big doozy of an earthquake in the future.

      Since the fracking triggered an earthquake, clearly there were stresses in the "inactive" fault, and the fault was of the latter type and thus not truly inactive, and the fracking merely relieved the stress. Basically, if a fault line can be "reactivated", then it was never really an inactive fault line in the first place.

      There are some macro (continental-scale) arguments that can be made about plate movements and whether the overall rate at which the plates move (and thus build up stresses in the rocks) can be affected by deliberately relieving some of those stresses (e.g. fracking). And thus fracking could be bad because it increases the rate at which the plates move, and thus increase the rate at which stress builds up and earthquakes happen. But on the local level, the basic jist of the argument that fracking merely triggers earthquakes which were going to eventually happen anyway is correct. Anybody who understands high school level physics can see that.

    2. Re:what if by SydShamino · · Score: 1

      Use the bone analogy. A fractured bone is a fault. After it heals, if you leave it alone, do you ever worry that the pent-up pressure will fracture it again on its own? And yet, if someone drilled into your (healed) bone fracture and injected it with high-pressure water, might it fracture again and then start moving?

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    3. Re:what if by Bengie · · Score: 1

      Stress caused by pressure is relative. You could have a balloon with 1 million PSI in it, but it wouldn't be stressful to the balloon as long as the balloon also was inside a container with 1 million PSI. Yes, everything "down there" is under pressure, but not everything is under stress.

    4. Re:what if by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      Let me guess. You think there is a giant geode full of diamonds down there taking up the pressure ('cause you saw that in a movie once)?

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    5. Re:what if by zulater · · Score: 1

      Rocks don't heal like bones

    6. Re:what if by steelfood · · Score: 3, Informative

      You forgot one thing though. The stresses could have been otherwise relieved along active fault lines. Tectonic stress isn't a point stress. It's not like a volcano that blows when enough stress builds up under it. There's no local buildup that then eventually causes an earthquake after long enough. It's more like a circuit, a whole system where stress is electricity that takes the path of least resistance. How large the system is depends on the geology of the particular area. Irrespective, the system absorbs the stress as a whole; stress propogates through the entire system, and the point of release is the weakest location in that system. If it's easier to release at an active fault (which it usually is), then it would be released there. Maybe in the active fault, it would be released there after a longer period of buildup, and/or it might be released over a larger area.

      But now, all of a sudden, they opened up inactive faults. Inactive faults happen for multiple reasons some of which you've stated. If the inactive fault is inactive despite stresses building up under it, that means it stopped being the weakest point. If fracking is activating it, it means fracking is causing a strong configuration to turn into a weak one. It is weakening what's holding the fault in place. And in addition, the reactivated fault line causes all sorts of other unpredictable behavior in the area. Related fault lines that were once thought to be dormant could suddenly become active. Unrelated fault lines that were just strong enough not to be the weak point could suddenly become just weak enough to become the weak point. Fault lines we didn't know about previously could suddenly appear. Hell, this could trigger (however unlikely), an eventual plate split like what's happening in East Africa.

      All this in and of itself isn't bad, at least not on human timescales. Continental earthquakes do happen, and they are usually fairly weak. But it does mean the location of where big earthquakes will happen become less predictable. And that's where the problem lies. Most of Cali is built to withstand upwards of a certain magnitude, say 6.0 (as an example; I'm pulling the number out of my ass). It's expected that Cali will be hit with a 6.0 periodically. People prepare for that sort of thing. Most of the midwest (or Ohio in this case) is not built to withstand a 6.0. It's not expected to experience a 6.0 earthquake. By reactivating an inactive fault line (via weakening), now Ohio or maybe some other part of the midwest can expect a 6.0 earthquake. Why? Because as you say, while that reactivated fault line is moving, it's great. But when it suddenly stops again, and for a long time, then the pressure begins to build. And since the previously inactive fault is now the weakest point in the system, that could very well be where the built-up pressure will be released, this time not so gently..

      That's the cost of reactivating inactive fault lines.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
    7. Re:what if by phorm · · Score: 1

      Uhhh, except the earth has PLENTY of energy to spare, it's just a matter of when it releases it, where, and how much... and there's not really evidence either way that small tremors' release of energy prevents big quakes.

  5. But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Why blame government officials? Gas is below 2 bucks a gallon. A significant majority of the Americans would support fracking even if you prove fracking is adding carcinogens in their cereal and in the baby formula. They would think it is a price worth paying to get gas below 2$. You and I might disagree. But we would be in the minority.

    We seem to have done a piss poor job of explaining the benefits of clean air and clean water to our fellow citizens.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by ganjadude · · Score: 1, Informative

      well, gases is cheaper because the middle east is dropping prices to put the american frackers out of business. so.... yeah, take what you will from that

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    2. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The middle east producers are most certainly NOT dropping prices.

      The prices are dropping because there's a lot of it around, and because whatever vagaries in the market say the price goes down.

      What the middle east producers are doing is refusing to cut outputs in the face of dropping prices, because they have tons of cash and don't care if it puts American producers out of business.

      OPEC doesn't set the price, just output levels.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    3. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by TheSync · · Score: 1

      OPEC doesn't set the price, just output levels.

      For a long time, it has been unclear that OPEC can actually "set output levels". Cartels are notoriously hard to keep together when every member can do better for themselves by cheating.

    4. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by HornWumpus · · Score: 2

      No. They've done this (pump like crazy and drive the price down) every time prices got high. Classic price squeeze to protect a market.

      This time it won't work.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    5. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by TWX · · Score: 1

      I'm kind of wondering if the Saudis are attempting themselves to hurt Russia, or if they're playing-ball with the rest of the world in attempts to isolate Russia. They've stated, despite the low prices, that they do not intend to reduce production. If the Saudis are concerned that Russia is a threat to them then that would help explain the economics of producing something when it brings no more profit than a reduction in production would also bring. Or, they could see the upcoming electric-car and battery market as a longer-term threat to their profits, so continuing to produce oil, even less profitably than before, would mean more consumers of their product over the duration (in the form of inexpensive oil-powered vehicles as opposed to more expensive electric-powered cars).

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    6. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1

      For the common American, fracking was the reason gas is cheap. Either fracked oil reduced the price or it forced the "arabs" to reduce the price. Either way, fracking is the reason. It is possible Saudis are trying to drive the frackers out of business. If the Saudis succeed in bankrupting the frackers, are we going to thank Saudis for it?

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    7. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by slimshady76 · · Score: 1

      No. The prices are going down because USA wants to appreciate the dollar, which is closely tied to the oil price. And they also want the ruble to go down, in order to discipline Russia. Saudi Arabia's regime is just being held by the US, so whatever the puppet master in the West wants the oil price to be, the puppets in the East will dance to.

    8. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by slimshady76 · · Score: 1

      Saudis depend on the US to back their regime. And the US wants to hurt Russia. Do the math.

    9. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by ganjadude · · Score: 1

      no because as soon as they do, the prices will be right back in the 100$ a barrel

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    10. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

      This time it won't work.

      Why not? What has changed? I used to think the internet could be used to affect election results. The numbers prove me wrong every time. There is nothing unusual happening at this time.

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    11. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by Luckyo · · Score: 1

      What we have right now is a perfect storm of multiple factors.

      1. US aggressive foreign policy against Russia, Venezuela and now IS. This is seen in situation in Georgia, Ukraine et al against Russia and with Cuba against Venezuela and is an extremely important tool. Timing of fracking's peak in US is a little too perfect to have been intentionally arranged, but it's certainly helpful to the extreme and is receiving significant political support from military wing of governing forces in the country.

      2. Gulf state interests against IS. Essentially all Gulf states, from Saudi Arabia to Iran have been threatened by IS both directly and indirectly. IS gains overwhelming amount of income from oil trade:
      http://www.spiegel.de/internat...
      This is likely the real reason why OPEC doesn't cut the quotas. They see a chance to starve IS, and in absence of any better means to do so they go for it. Even traditionally anti-Saudi and anti-US Iran is on board here with IS's main message being anti-Shiite to the extreme threatening their allied shiite-lead Iraq

      3. Corporate interests across many countries, including Western countries and some large importing developing countries like China and India. These have invested in significant amount of current and future production of carbohydrates including oil and natural gas to ensure access in the short and medium turn, and combat over long term security is being covertly fought out in South China Sea, Arctic, Mediterranean basin, Black Sea and several other important regions. But in short term everyone has abundant supplies secured and in medium term we have fracking projects across both Americas and Europe being pushed through while Russia is pushing for diversification to East Asian states like China, South-Korea, Japan and India giving them significant energy security boost. Brazil's growing economy is likewise more or less energy secure with largely successful massive shift to domestically sourced ethanol and access to Venezuelan oil. This inevitably drives the price down as the risk factor in the futures diminishes.

      4. Fear in oil producing countries of becoming irrelevant for the next decade or two if hydraulic fracturing becomes more commonplace in Northern America, Europe and East Asian states. Right now much of their internal stability depends on stable output and sales and essentially the "current world order" where they produce and sell oil and rich countries buy oil and sell them products produced with that energy. Should rich and upcoming developing countries like China, India and Brazil become completely independent of their oil production for ten to twenty years that hydraulic fracturing can extract oil for before available oil runs out, they would simply go bankrupt and become easy pickings for said rich countries to take over as we have seen being done in the past.
      This fear is likely another factor in why OPEC doesn't dare to reduce extraction quotas, through a lesser one than threat of IS.

      None of these factors alone would account for a significant reduction in oil price, but all of them together are causing the current free fall.

    12. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by dj245 · · Score: 1

      I'm kind of wondering if the Saudis are attempting themselves to hurt Russia, or if they're playing-ball with the rest of the world in attempts to isolate Russia.

      My pet theory is that the US government made a deal with them- The US will deal with ISIS so the Saudi's don't have to get their hands dirty. The US will make sure that Saudi Arabia doesn't get too many refugees dumped on their border- a phenomenon which is quite concerning given that Lebanon's population is now around 20-25% refugees. In return for this help, Saudi Arabia helps put the squeeze on Russia.

      --
      Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
    13. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by dr_canak · · Score: 1

      You are partially correct,

      that the Middle East doesn't set prices, but Saudi Arabia has increased output:

      http://www.businessweek.com/ar...

      and many analysts believe the increase in production is to make the price of other extraction technologies unprofitable. They may become profitable again, but when fuel prices are this cheap, it makes it difficult.

    14. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by SydShamino · · Score: 1

      That won't work, because it's much easier to mothball existing equipment, then bring it back online, than it is to invent, design, and build that equipment in the first place. Saudi Arabia would have to hold the price low indefinitely (increasing supply to keep up with increasing demand) or the price would creep back up until fracking is profitable again. And the cost for fracking will go down when you can recommission old equipment instead of buying new. (I doubt you can buy used equipment today because every piece every made is either broken or working a field already.)

      In order for that strategy to work, you have to flood the market before alternatives are invented and designed. That's what happened in the '80s. There was a lot of talk about automobile efficiency after the oil crunch of the 1970s. While progress was made, the '80s oil boom and increased production slowed down a lot of the invention process. With solar efficiency where it is already, with viable electric cars here and more the horizon, and with fracking technology a sunk cost, I think it's too late. (Maybe it will slow the mindset shift necessary for the adoption of safer nuclear?)

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    15. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by Righ · · Score: 2

      Somewhat. The Saudis want to undermine Iran as they sponsor actions that counter Saudi interests and even moderately cheap oil hurts Iran. The Saudis have been diplomatically coaxed not to punish Iran in this way (maintaining production levels higher than the market needs) in recent years because the US needs expensive oil to generate investment in local energy businesses. However, the US imperative for local energy jobs has been offset by the need to punish Russia and so they have lessened the overture for restraint to Saudi Arabia for the time being.

    16. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      Chinese and Indian demand.

      The Saudis are pumping all they can and still the price is stuck at $60/barrel. Which isn't enough to scare off capital from oil tar projects. IIRC they say they are fine unless the price goes below $40.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    17. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by Gavagai80 · · Score: 2

      The Saudis couldn't care less about Russia, they just want to destroy Iran's economy. Iran is their neighbor and biggest rival / enemy by far, and is vulnerable due to sanctions and an oil-dependent economy.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    18. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      Russians have bills to pay, hence they don't have a choice.

      Sucks to be a pure energy economy.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    19. Re:But ... but ... gas is below 2 bucks man! by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      Of course the day after I post this the price drops to $50 as more petro-economies make up for losing money on every barrel with volume. Sunk costs are a bitch.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  6. Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by PeterM+from+Berkeley · · Score: 2

    At worst, it can release stress that is already there. So they can "cause" an earthquake. But it's the big motions of the ground that we have no influence over that really puts stress in the ground.

    Isn't it true that stress that builds up over time would get released anyway, SOMETIME? (Unless the forces that caused the stress in the first place reversed so as to release it....)

    I mean, the release of chemicals, water pollution and consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions are all reasonable charges to make against fracking, but as far as earthquakes, weren't they inevitable anyway?

    Also, wouldn't triggering an earthquake cause a quake of less magnitude than would occur if allowed to build up and release naturally?

    --PeterM

    1. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by digsbo · · Score: 1

      That's a strong claim to make. As strong as that made in TFA. But it's just as possible that the fracking is breaking a strong section of rock, putting more stress on a weaker section of rock. It's conjecture. It can't really be tested in a controlled environment.

    2. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by Cardoor · · Score: 2

      it also depends on what your definition of 'is' is.

    3. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by mothlos · · Score: 1

      We want to transfer load to weaker faults as they break under less load creating more small earthquakes instead of a few large ones. Bad loading scenarios certainly can occur, but they seem to be less probable than scenarios where fracking is reducing system load and thus reducing risk to lives and structures.

    4. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by Solandri · · Score: 1

      But it's just as possible that the fracking is breaking a strong section of rock, putting more stress on a weaker section of rock. It's conjecture. It can't really be tested in a controlled environment.

      It's not conjecture. It's the First Law of Thermodynamics - energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is conserved. If fracking were the source of the energy released in these quakes, then the fracking process must have put as much energy into the ground as was released in the quake. Clearly the fracking put nowhere near as much energy in as was released. So that energy must have already been there in the rocks before the fracking ever started. All the fracking did was precipitate the early release of energy which had already built up in the ground from other (natural) sources.

      Blaming fracking for these quakes is literally blaming the straw that broke the camel's back. It's not the straw that broke the camel's back - it's the weight of everything else it was carrying, the straw just put the weight over some threshold level. Likewise, fracking can trigger a quake earlier than it would have happened if there had been no fracking. But it cannot cause a quake because it simply doesn't put enough energy into the ground. I mean the whole point of fracking is to try to extract energy. It'd be self-defeating for the process to inject earthquake-levels of energy into the ground. (In fact, in the future some creative engineering may allow us to capture the energy stored as stresses in fault lines and use it as an energy source.)

    5. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by rizole · · Score: 1

      This being where it is, let's try a car analogy:
      Isn't it better to cause several smaller controlled crashes, releasing the energy and thus slowing a car, than one huge one where the energy is released in one go, especially if the crash was inevitable? After all the energy is already built up in the momentum of the car, crashing it gently doesn't PUT that energy there. Obviously, not all cars will crash but if we release the energy in cars with small controlled crashes, where's the harm?......hmmm.....could do with work that one.

    6. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      There is however a law of physics that says 'an object must deform _instantly_ when there is a force acting on it.'

      There are no materials with infinite modulus of elasticity. Everything strains when stressed.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    7. Re:Fracking doesn't PUT stress on faults by digsbo · · Score: 1

      I'm not anti-fracking, and I'm not trying to argue that moderate earthquakes are anything to get up in arms about, but I think you're really reaching here. You're completely ignoring (or simply not considering) potential energy. You can roll a bowling ball off a table with a micro-newton of force, and release a hell of a lot of energy. In any number of cases you'll see the same thing with fracking. There's already a lot of stress on the rock; adding a small fraction of the existing energies held in potential form can certainly cause a giant release.

  7. potential for unknown pre-existing faults by Oligonicella · · Score: 1

    In other words, anywhere they want to say so.

  8. Unpossible! by smooth+wombat · · Score: 1

    Everyone knows fracking is perfectly safe.

    It's on the internet so it must be true.

    --
    We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
  9. Known costs vs. unknown costs by davidwr · · Score: 1

    As a society, we need to know the true costs of using our technology. This means we need to know under what conditions, if any, hydrolic fracturing causes earthquakes.

    Fracking also provides many benefits. First and foremost it's given us energy near-independence decades sooner than other methods would have. This has potential spillover effects in foreign policy, particularly when it comes to dealing with other oil-rich nations. For example, if there had been a revolution in Saudi Arabia that threatened the oil supply in the 1990s, America would've probably jumped into the war. If it happens in the 2020s, America may be able to say "meh" without taking any hit at the gas pump.

    Once we know what the true costs of fracking are, we may very well decide that it's worth the cost.

    We've faced the same "we didn't know that the true costs were high, but now that we do, we still use our tech" decisions in the past. Using narcotics as pain relievers. Check. Using whale oil. Check. Using fossil fuels. Check. We aren't nearly as cavalier about using narcotics or fossil fuels as we once were, and for all practical purposes we stopped using whale oil ages ago. As for fracking, once we learn more we can make a more informed decision as to whether "it's worth it" or not.

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
    1. Re:Known costs vs. unknown costs by HornWumpus · · Score: 1, Troll

      Fracking is almost 100 years old. Saying it's an unknown is a lie.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    2. Re:Known costs vs. unknown costs by SydShamino · · Score: 2

      Physics is almost 14 billion years old, but parts of it are still unknown. Just because we've been doing something for 100 years doesn't mean we understand it completely.

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
  10. Scientists are government officials too by mi · · Score: 1, Flamebait

    despite evidence that it is actually polluting wells and ground water

    For somebody claiming existence of evidence, you are citing remarkably little of it... (No, I will not do the googling for you — you make the claim, you provide citations.)

    Because government officials are all paid heavily by the oil and gas industry

    While the taxpayer-funded scientists would never attempt to inflate their own importance to direct more grant-monies in their direction... Especially now that the hysteria of "global warming" is settling down — and a new boogeyman, which, conveniently, can be neither measured nor confirmed nor denied with any certainty, is needed.

    --
    In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    1. Re:Scientists are government officials too by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

      Evidence? Who needs evidence? We do everything on faith! It is the universal motivator. Evidence is for dweeb accountants and bureaucrats.

      And if you were in Australia right now, you might not be so casual about the global warming thing. Down there the numbers are a bit more impressive than what is happening to flyover country.

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    2. Re:Scientists are government officials too by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

      Citing "Australia right now" in support of "Global Warming" (also known as "Climate Change") is ridiculous...

      Eh, maybe so, but you know what happens if you don't stop scratching that rash...

      We over-produce and waste most of what we do. I would think a bit of prudence would be in order. Nobody has to suffer for it. But our present system precludes all that. Never mind the rocky shore, full steam ahead!

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    3. Re:Scientists are government officials too by mi · · Score: 1

      We over-produce and waste most of what we do

      Not the natural gas we do not...

      I would think a bit of prudence would be in order.

      Prudence is a virtue and is always in order. However, what that maxim has to do with fracking (or global warming) in particular, escapes me.

      But our present system precludes all that.

      Huh?

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    4. Re:Scientists are government officials too by Layzej · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Citing "Australia right now" in support of "Global Warming" (also known as "Climate Change") is ridiculous

      Maybe, unless you have insight into the trends and Australia Now is consistent with those trends. Extremes that would have happened about 2% of the time in the 30 years prior to the 80's were happening about 6% of the time in the 30 years prior to 2010. In the last 15 years they have occurred about 10% of the time: http://www.bom.gov.au/state-of... . This trend of increasing extremes is what we would expect in a warming country: http://www.bom.gov.au/state-of...

      The picture becomes even more cohesive if you look at the temperature trend in the context of radiative physics and what we know about the atmospheric CO2 trend.

    5. Re:Scientists are government officials too by Layzej · · Score: 1

      science being run by government officials and scientists alike with an enormous conflict of interest — can not be trusted either.

      Oh lord. It always devolves into some conspiracy theory. Somehow skeptics Roy Spencer and Jon Christy must be in on it as well because they have a satellite temperature reconstruction that corroborates the land based temperature reconstructions: http://woodfortrees.org/plot/u...

      when it is cold in North America, well, that's a fluke. But when it is hot in Australia — that's evidence of Global Warming.

      It's the trend(, stupid).

  11. Goes both ways by SuperKendall · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Despite there being no published science about its safety

    At this point there is enough evidence to know it's generally safe. Even in the case of this unknown fault, the worst earthquake was 3.0 - and it was only one well corresponding to activation of the fault, the other nearby wells were fine (read the link).

    despite evidence that it is actually polluting wells and ground water

    What "evidence"? To date all claims have been proved false.

    I can't imagine government is going to start reigning in corporations any time soon

    People like jobs.

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
  12. Given the price of oil has now fallen... by evilandi · · Score: 2

    Given that the price of oil is now around threepence ha'penny a barrel, isn't this all rather academic? Surely fracking is no longer economically viable?

    --
    Andrew Oakley - www.aoakley.com
    1. Re:Given the price of oil has now fallen... by nedlohs · · Score: 1

      But once you have the infrastructure setup you can be in the situation where you lose less money if you keep on producing - when you have fixed costs that still have to paid even if you produce nothing.

  13. Has this something to do with dropping oil prices? by KruiserX · · Score: 2

    Funny how convenient the timing is. This from a society where ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company ( http://www.seismosoc.org/insid... ) is a corporate member. Not that I endorse fracking, but my internal conspiracy theorist is making loud noises in my head.

  14. The worst that could happen by Mr_Blank · · Score: 2

    Break up solid rocks deep in the ground, suck out the oil, and then fill the hole with a water slurry. What could go wrong?

    1. Re:The worst that could happen by Luckyo · · Score: 1

      Your order of things that happen in hydraulic fracturing is hilariously wrong.

  15. Re:But ... but ... but by Anna+Merikin · · Score: 2

    OPEC doesn't set the price, just output levels.

    I was under the impression there is a relationship between supply and demand; now you say maintaining supply in the face of falling demand has no effect on price?

    Or are you simply playing with words? "Set the price" being a function of "set the supply," I think even that argument fails.

  16. Re:What if it doesn't? by ganjadude · · Score: 1

    also quite possible. Im no seismic expert by any means. im only going on the limited knowledge I do have that show smaller earthquakes tend to keep bigger ones away

    --
    have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
  17. You're the Worst by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Because government officials are all paid heavily by the oil and gas industry

    While the taxpayer-funded scientists would never attempt to inflate their own importance to direct more grant-monies in their direction... Especially now that the hysteria of "global warming" is settling down — and a new boogeyman, which, conveniently, can be neither measured nor confirmed nor denied with any certainty, is needed.

    One makes the laws that allow them to be bribed during campaign years without anyone knowing where or who that money came from and accept positions at the very companies they benefit after they "retire." And the other, well the other publishes peer reviewed research that is open for everyone. They then host a forum for the community to comment on it. And I should mention that the SSA is a an international community and a non-profit organization. But, go ahead and attack the scientists or whatever Murdoch/Rove/Beck drivel you've been trained to parrot.

    The bottom line is that you exemplify one of the biggest problems America faces today by giving a free pass to the obviously corrupt while attacking those who simply want to disseminate information that can be reanalyzed and refuted if it is wrong.

  18. some animals are more equal than others by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Privatize the natural gas but socialize the earthquake.

  19. Well it has bee nice knowing you guys by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    because as soon as fracking triggers the yellowstone caldera we are all done.

    1. Re:Well it has bee nice knowing you guys by steelfood · · Score: 1

      It's not going to. At least not likely. Yellowstone is a hotspot caused by the subducting Farallon plate. If anything's going to cause Yellowstone to blow big, it's probably an increase in the rate the remnants of the Farallon plate subduct, namely Juan de Fuca, Explorer, and Gorda plates. Or if the Pacific plate starts subducting under the North America plate.

      Fracking (to our knowledge) lubricates old fault lines, weakening or outright breaking the structures that keep them from being active. That won't cause volcanoes to blow even if there were any in the area. It might cause the location of any existing volcano to shift unpredictably, but it's a good thing there aren't any volcanoes in the area.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
  20. Re:But ... but ... but by gstoddart · · Score: 3, Informative

    was under the impression there is a relationship between supply and demand

    There's a relationship, but like all commodities it's more complicated than that. But the futures markets and all sorts of stuff completely unrelated to supply and demand also are huge factors.

    It is long past the point where these things happen in isolation.

    I seriously doubt even this comes close to explaining it:

    The oil price is partly determined by actual supply and demand, and partly by expectation. Demand for energy is closely related to economic activity. It also spikes in the winter in the northern hemisphere, and during summers in countries which use air conditioning. Supply can be affected by weather (which prevents tankers loading) and by geopolitical upsets. If producers think the price is staying high, they invest, which after a lag boosts supply. Similarly, low prices lead to an investment drought. OPEC's decisions shape expectations: if it curbs supply sharply, it can send prices spiking. Saudi Arabia produces nearly 10m barrels a day--a third of the OPEC total.

    Four things are now affecting the picture. Demand is low because of weak economic activity, increased efficiency, and a growing switch away from oil to other fuels. Second, turmoil in Iraq and Libya--two big oil producers with nearly 4m barrels a day combined--has not affected their output. The market is more sanguine about geopolitical risk. Thirdly, America has become the worldâ(TM)s largest oil producer. Though it does not export crude oil, it now imports much less, creating a lot of spare supply. Finally, the Saudis and their Gulf allies have decided not to sacrifice their own market share to restore the price. They could curb production sharply, but the main benefits would go to countries they detest such as Iran and Russia. Saudi Arabia can tolerate lower oil prices quite easily. It has $900 billion in reserves. Its own oil costs very little (around $5-6 per barrel) to get out of the ground.

    I'm not playing with words at all. I'm saying that modern economics is FAR more complex than "when demand goes up price goes up". Modern economics is full of vagaries, speculation, collusion, and other bullshit.

    Despite claims to the contrary, economists don't know much more about how the economy works than you or I ... because economics is at least 50% ideology.

    You look for, and see, the outcomes you believe in.

    What economics is not, is an objective natural law. It's a series of observations which may or may not extend as far as people who use it claims, and whose premises may or may not be reliable.

    Economics is NOT a real science. There's a lot more voodoo in it that people admit.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  21. Re:After the other subsidies. by ganjadude · · Score: 1

    I dont consider allowing people to keep their own money, giving them money. only in "we need more money!!!" politics does that count

    --
    have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
  22. Need a movie about this by dheltzel · · Score: 1

    When will Hollywood wake up and give us a movie featuring an imminent earthquake cause by fraking and a team of brave scientists that buck the public denials and create a fantastic plan to stop if and save our planet!!

  23. Re:After the other subsidies. by tlambert · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The Iraq war was basically a subsidy for the oil and gas industry. No, you don't get to phrase the argument so that only your position can win by claiming it has to be a direct subsidy, while indirect don't count.

    No, it wasn't.

    The Iraq war was basically to prevent Iraq setting up a Euro-baed petroleum exchange, thereby undermining the commodity-baed dollar and turning it back into a fiat currency, which would have been disastrous to the U.S., since the price of the dollar is pinned to the price of oil by the fact that almost all oil sales of any note are done in dollars.

    It was also a bailout for Europe, which gets most of their oil from the Middle East. What oil the U.S. gets from the Middle East does not end up shipped to the U.S., it's used by the U.S. military overseas, which, given active operations, consumes bout 24% of the total of all U.S. petroleum consumption. The U.S. gets almost all its oil from local or hemisphere local sources.

    The variability in U.S. pump prices has everything to do with the futures market, and self-restraint on refining by the petroleum companies in order to control the supply of refined oil, and almost nothing to do with the availability of top sweet crude.

    It's about economics, not resources.

  24. Be careful... by Fortraniac · · Score: 2

    It sounds like these seismologists are relying almost entirely on template matching, which is nothing more than a pattern recognition algorithm. These kinds of algorithms are no substitute for intelligent analysis, especially in the absence of reliable statistics. They can be used and abused like any other engineering tool if they aren't properly understood.

  25. Re:After the other subsidies. by ganjadude · · Score: 1

    the only idiot here seems to be you. no substance, only insults

    --
    have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
  26. Fracking vs Water by jraff2 · · Score: 1

    Fracking needs to be investigated to ensure that NO water supply is contaminated now or way into the future. Because if and when water is contaminated someone is going to have to spend $$$$$ to filter it, pipe or truck in water for the residents, farms, wild life, both animal and plant of the area. The EPA should be looking into this, but the congresspeople that run this country told the EPA hands off, because the money from the frackers paid them off. Right now write you congressperson and demand someone (EPA) ensure that NO water is contaminated, and if and when (because you know it will) it is contaminated the person, company, agency, entity responsible MUST pay the bill not the local residents. Environmental Protections is MANDATORY!

  27. Maybe the Seismological society didn't know... by yodleboy · · Score: 2

    Maybe the Seismological society didn't know about it, but I find it hard to believe that the drilling company didn't. Wife works as exec assistant to head geologist at an oil/gas company. They spend hours pouring over seismic data, logs, 3d maps etc of the underground structure before anything else ever happens. And this is at a small company (100-200 emp). I'd love to see the data the company in Ohio has and if this unknown fault is clearly seen in it.

  28. Re:But ... but ... but by SillyHamster · · Score: 1

    There's a relationship, but like all commodities it's more complicated than that. But the futures markets and all sorts of stuff completely unrelated to supply and demand also are huge factors.

    Isn't the futures market just a set of predictions on future supply/demand? So it's not completely unrelated, but perhaps prone to large errors. (since predicting the future is a risky business)

  29. Re:What if it doesn't? by ganjadude · · Score: 1

    the flaming water has been called out as a hoax

    --
    have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
  30. Re:After the other subsidies. by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

    I dont consider allowing people to keep their own money, giving them money. only in "we need more money!!!" politics does that count

    I don't consider allowing people to shit on our environment permissible. It's not their money, it's our money. They are legal fictions and without government protection someone would come along and stop them from doing what they are doing, by force if necessary. This is one of the things Carlin really had nailed down. The rich have all of the money and pay none of the taxes, at least per centum. The middle class has almost none of the money, and pays all of the taxes. The poor are just kept around to scare the middle class. That's why income taxes are slavery when corporations write the laws, which is the situation we have here today. But corporate taxes, they are completely necessary. Who should pay for the system? The greatest beneficiaries. And the corporations (and those who profit from them) are that. They're the slave-takers and slave-keepers, both.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  31. Re:What if it doesn't? by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    also quite possible. Im no seismic expert by any means. im only going on the limited knowledge I do have that show smaller earthquakes tend to keep bigger ones away

    You have no such knowledge. If you did, you could cite it. But you don't. You only have a superstitious idea that it could be true. But in fact, the whole idea is a lot of cockery. Yet, someone brings this bullshit idea up every time we discuss fracking on slashdot, like someone pulled their goddamn cord. Then their mouth flaps and they squawk, but nothing of value is uttered. If you actually wanted to know the truth, you would have googled for it.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  32. You pathetic tool by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    This is basic high school physics.

    Hey, let's see what the experts with more than a high school physics education have to say, which might be more informative than J. Random Dillhole on Slashdot. Hmm, just like the magic 8-Ball, my sources say you're full of shit.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  33. Re:After the other subsidies. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    The Iraq war was basically a subsidy for the oil and gas industry

    The hundreds of thousands of people who were slaughtered by Saddam's army would disagree, if they could.

    That war never had any potential to change world oil markets.

  34. Re:After the other subsidies. by kwbauer · · Score: 1

    The rich pay none of the taxes except for the 70+ percent of all income taxes paid in the US. And according to some libtard on public radio today, only the top 40% percent buy petro products so only the top 40%, according to this particular libtard, pay any transportation taxes or the taxes on natural gas and heating oil. She then went on to claim that only the upper and high end of the middle class are not renting so only the super rich pay any property tax... So exactly what taxes are the non-rich paying.

  35. Re:After the other subsidies. by kwbauer · · Score: 1

    but Bush was so stupid that he was smart enough to take control of less than what, 3%, of known oil reserves and totally control the world market. Right, he was so stupid he couldn't do anything but then he was so smart he engineered all kinds of conspiracies.

  36. Re:After the other subsidies. by smellotron · · Score: 1

    ... prevent Iraq setting up a Euro-ba[s]ed petroleum exchange, ... the price of the dollar is pinned to the price of oil by the fact that almost all oil sales of any note are done in dollars.

    The "lead" crude oil contract is a US-based product, but the European runner-up is still traded in USD and not EUR. If Iraq tried to force trading in a different currency by setting up their own exchange, they would still have to draw enough trading interest to unseat the other two contracts.

  37. Re:After the other subsidies. by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    The rich have all of the money and pay none of the taxes, at least per centum

    The rich pay none of the taxes except for the 70+ percent of all income taxes paid in the US.

    Did I use too many big words for you there?

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  38. Re:After the other subsidies. by ganjadude · · Score: 1

    I don't consider allowing people to shit on our environment permissible. It's not their money, it's our money

    Correct. It is OUR money. NOT the governments.

    --
    have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
  39. Re:After the other subsidies. by kwbauer · · Score: 1

    No, you made the statement that the rich pay far less than their "share" of the taxes. I pointed out that the top 10% of income earners pay over 70% of the income taxes. The top 10% don't come close to representing the middle class. I then pointed out how other liberal assholes make shit up.

  40. Oh noes! A fault! We'll have an earthquake! by jonadab · · Score: 1

    Get ready for the big one. If we have an earthquake because of this, it could measure, 3.0, 3.5, maybe even 4.0 on the moment magnitude scale. People up to several miles away from the epicenter might be able to *feel* the quake, if they are sitting quietly in unpadded chairs at the time and concentrating on paying attention to tiny vibrations.

    (I exaggerate. Slightly. I believe we actually had a 6.something once, back in the eighties, and people up to eighty or ninety miles from the epicenter claimed afterward that they felt it.)

    Ohio is only seismically active in the technical sense. You generally need an actual seismograph to detect said activity. I'm sure it's fascinating, but it has little practical significance.

    --
    Cut that out, or I will ship you to Norilsk in a box.