It doesn't necessarily require crossover, asexual reproduction that selects based on merit and uses mutation will have an evolving population, though generally not as fast as with crossover.
As someone who has written a few genetic algorithms for optimization in systems I've engineered, this really shows off the inherent power. Yeah, its not going to get a perfect answer, but sometimes its quicker and easier to get genetically optimized than to do the optimization by hand. After reading Selfish Gene and doing GA's, it really gave be an appreciation for the beauty of evolution and its mechanism. Its not genetic programming because theres only phenotype being evaluated each generation(the image). If the algorithm had 10 individual sets that traded polygons somehow, with a tendency for the pictures closer to the Mona Lisa to get reproduction preference, then it would be genetic.
The problem is that the few ideas that are out there for better engines have things like little nuclear reactors on top, and the public doesn't want that. Also, in terms of technology being 60 years old, the tubes that pushes your data around online are ~30 years old. Also, its pretty ridiculous to say that anything with a transistor is "evolutionary" or that anything that can do math is "evolutionary". If you're looking for today's Edison's and Tesla's I'd point you to the USPTO and ask them how many patent applications they get a year.
another way of thinking about it is that once you become eligible for social security, the program ensures that no matter what happens to your finances you won't have to beg to survive
It's not the ISP's job to force its users to use its product legally, take any product that can be used to commit a crime, is the provider or the user at fault?
I'm an undergraduate electrical engineer here in the states, I'm on my 2nd analog design course at this point, and both times we have used Microelectronic Circuits by Sedra/Smith. The book covers op-amps, diodes,MOSFET's, BJT's, JFET's, amplifier designs, feedback control, ADC/DAC and CMOS as its basic topics. Some final sections on Memory and fancy digital circuits, filters and tuned amplifiers, signal generators and waveform shaping circuits, and finally output stages and amplifiers. There is, however, nothing on phase-locked loops but a quick google search on those has some very useful material. If you are looking for something more signal processing oriented, Lathi's Signal Processing and Linear Systems is a great book that covers the basics of everything I've ever heard of in analog signal processing. If I knew more of what your project was I could suggest something more specific to that field, but those two books cover the core analog electrical engineering concepts except for the very introductory circuit theory (Kirchoff, Ohm's Law, phasors)
How many people that get pulled out of the metal detector line actually get arrested? Its the same basic idea as this system, see a sensor reading that potentially represents something harmful, pull them out of line, check to see what's going on, keep going.
Thats why they put microphones in the water with a marine biologist listening constantly during testing and another on the bridge with binoculars looking for whales. Its why they observe a half hour before starting a sequence as standard procedure to make sure there are no marine mammals. They do what has to be done to ensure that there is nothing that can be harmed by the sonar in the vicinity.
This makes me think of textbooks that come with CD's and online help, so that it encourages people to buy the book new(for like $150), also international editions usually have the problem numbers messed up and is a slight pain for Americans who buy them. Its a money grabbing move, but its much much better than DRM or anything like that.
When a electron leaves an excited state it emits a photon. Every element and molecule has a unique set of frequencies for these transfers. So by looking at the light coming off of it, you can figure out whats in it. Its called spectroscopy. If in high school chemistry you ever burned chemicals and used a cardboard thing over your eye to see lines, you've got the basic idea.
I'm still in college and we have a big semiconductors lab, so we had to learn the basics of lithography in class. The problem that people are running into is that everything uses UV light, which theoretically can make details of 10nm (its wavelength) but this is incredibly hard. There exists, but not commercially viable, techniques which use x-rays (masking material an issue), electron beams and proton beams(deBroigle wavelength). If IBM got one of these to work commercially it would be a big deal. If they built a state of the art one of these and made some 10nm features, no big deal. Probably the single biggest issue is that they have to make a machine accurate enough to be exactly in the focal point of the beam(~0.1 nm) and the smaller the beam you are using, the smaller the focal point so making more precise machinery is as much of a limiter as small beams.
I had to switch from Ubuntu to check, but iTunes 8 with my iPod is definitely not crashing my Vista Ultimate (free from school, I only keep it because of software for class that requires windows)
Anyone else remember the episode of Seinfeld where Jerry argues with his girlfriend about that Docker's commercial where they don't mention the pants, but they just stand there in the pants. Its all I could think of during the commercial, and the slight hint of hypocrisy if Seinfeld wrote that piece in the show and the commercial.
423 miles is stated in the summary which implies Low-earth orbit, most likely. The word choice doesn't seem to support it, but it could be on an elliptical orbit that takes it out to 423 miles, which increases the exposure time on the given spot. But to do that it would have to dip pretty low, causing small(but significant over months/years) drag. Also, I'm commenting on the new Google Satellite while test driving the new Google Browser
A prof of mine does work in metamaterials, he says he's made materials with resistivities less than 1e-9 which is an order of magnitude better than copper. Which using physics, is the same amount of decrease in loss. The important thing is dielectric constant for slowing down the speed of light, or realitive permeability
The officer used Air Force code to write improvements to it. If he had done this under contract, he would have been given data rights to it, but since he "took" Air Force code, fixed it up, and then sold non-existent rights to a corporation to try and make money off of his improvement. He got somewhat compensated (promotion/pay raise/having your name in code all over the AF). Under contract, this would have been a different story, freelance improvement on AF property, they did things acceptably.
Federation is basically when a group of states (in the technical sense, a defined area of land with a government) get together and decide that acting as one foreign policy unit is a good thing, and there is a weak federal government to enforce the limited agreement between the members. The USA under the articles of confederation was a federation. The CSA, aka "The South" is a federation. The "Russian Federation", not so much. The EU, almost.
SNR (signal to noise ratio) is how many dB of signal you have above your noise. (funny log math says log(A/B) = log(A)-log(B)), its a much much better measure of signal strength than just the signal power that you receive. The bars for your wi-fi reception meter correspond to bits encoded per cycle; wi-fi transmits up to 16 different shapes, each corresponding to a different 4 bit word, more noise leads to smaller words. The word length is determined by the bit error rate, which is basically a function of SNR.
I didn't realize Orson Scott Card had literary respect, I mean Ender's Game was pretty good, but Heinlein, Dick, Asimov, Clarke, and Herbert all wrote several books that were much better than Ender's Game. That said JK Rowling ranks alongside Tom Clancy in my opinion. Fun to read once, but very little depth in the text.
It seems to me from reading a few articles, that this is a non-linear device. For the record I'm just finishing EE junior year. It seems the applications for these devices are like flip-flops (a la the memory talk) and to act like axons. Using analog analysis on flip flops shows that they are non-linear. (I thought through a few different logics, CMOS, TTL, and diode logic). Axons, as far as I can tell from the internet and Carver Mead's book: Analog VLSI and Neural Systems, are non-linear as well. Why is linearity important? Well resistors, inductors and capacitors are linear. Diodes are non-linear and aren't considered basic circuit elements. Linearity, by the way, means that if I input signals x1 and then x2 into a circuit, I get y1 and then y2 as outputs; then I put in a third signal, A*x1 + B*x2, the output is A*y1 + B*y2. Though honestly, without specific equations for the device, I couldn't be sure.
Further Physics Clarification
I'd say inverse square relationship, but its Gauss' Law. If the Earth generates signals that disperse willy nilly in a spherical shape you can use a real simple Gaussian sphere to understand that the further away you get the flux through a 1 m^2 piece of surface area is an inverse square relationship.
The entire energy delivered to any sphere surrounding Earth is constant(assuming space is empty, no absorption by gases/sun/planets). Its not so much that the signal gets weaker, it disperses over a wider surface area. eg, a dish at 2 AU from earth picks up 1/4 of the signal 1 AU from earth.
As far as purposefully sending a signal, that can be thought of as a cone with a certain amount of dispersion which is how steep the sides of the cone are. The tighter the cone, the bigger the signal that arrives at the destination. This signal strength still falls off as an inverse square. However the initial energy density is much much higher (think laser vs. LED), so it might be possible to go a very very long way with a extremely focused signal, with a dispersion angle on in the 2-3 arcseconds range. Though after some quick napkin physics, thats still too broad for anything but the inner solar system
Slashdot Mirror
It doesn't necessarily require crossover, asexual reproduction that selects based on merit and uses mutation will have an evolving population, though generally not as fast as with crossover.
As someone who has written a few genetic algorithms for optimization in systems I've engineered, this really shows off the inherent power. Yeah, its not going to get a perfect answer, but sometimes its quicker and easier to get genetically optimized than to do the optimization by hand. After reading Selfish Gene and doing GA's, it really gave be an appreciation for the beauty of evolution and its mechanism.
Its not genetic programming because theres only phenotype being evaluated each generation(the image). If the algorithm had 10 individual sets that traded polygons somehow, with a tendency for the pictures closer to the Mona Lisa to get reproduction preference, then it would be genetic.
The problem is that the few ideas that are out there for better engines have things like little nuclear reactors on top, and the public doesn't want that. Also, in terms of technology being 60 years old, the tubes that pushes your data around online are ~30 years old. Also, its pretty ridiculous to say that anything with a transistor is "evolutionary" or that anything that can do math is "evolutionary". If you're looking for today's Edison's and Tesla's I'd point you to the USPTO and ask them how many patent applications they get a year.
The ability to speak does not make you intelligent. Now get out of here. -Qui-Gon to Jar Jar
another way of thinking about it is that once you become eligible for social security, the program ensures that no matter what happens to your finances you won't have to beg to survive
Send the most useless third of the population first, but make sure to keep at least one telephone sanitizer back here at home.
It's not the ISP's job to force its users to use its product legally, take any product that can be used to commit a crime, is the provider or the user at fault?
I'm an undergraduate electrical engineer here in the states, I'm on my 2nd analog design course at this point, and both times we have used Microelectronic Circuits by Sedra/Smith. The book covers op-amps, diodes,MOSFET's, BJT's, JFET's, amplifier designs, feedback control, ADC/DAC and CMOS as its basic topics. Some final sections on Memory and fancy digital circuits, filters and tuned amplifiers, signal generators and waveform shaping circuits, and finally output stages and amplifiers. There is, however, nothing on phase-locked loops but a quick google search on those has some very useful material. If you are looking for something more signal processing oriented, Lathi's Signal Processing and Linear Systems is a great book that covers the basics of everything I've ever heard of in analog signal processing. If I knew more of what your project was I could suggest something more specific to that field, but those two books cover the core analog electrical engineering concepts except for the very introductory circuit theory (Kirchoff, Ohm's Law, phasors)
How many people that get pulled out of the metal detector line actually get arrested? Its the same basic idea as this system, see a sensor reading that potentially represents something harmful, pull them out of line, check to see what's going on, keep going.
Does that include the Cartesian argument where God exists because there is a perfect being?
Well then why don't we all join up to fight the power of the so called "universe" who is trying to kill us all.
Thats why they put microphones in the water with a marine biologist listening constantly during testing and another on the bridge with binoculars looking for whales. Its why they observe a half hour before starting a sequence as standard procedure to make sure there are no marine mammals. They do what has to be done to ensure that there is nothing that can be harmed by the sonar in the vicinity.
This makes me think of textbooks that come with CD's and online help, so that it encourages people to buy the book new(for like $150), also international editions usually have the problem numbers messed up and is a slight pain for Americans who buy them. Its a money grabbing move, but its much much better than DRM or anything like that.
When a electron leaves an excited state it emits a photon. Every element and molecule has a unique set of frequencies for these transfers. So by looking at the light coming off of it, you can figure out whats in it. Its called spectroscopy. If in high school chemistry you ever burned chemicals and used a cardboard thing over your eye to see lines, you've got the basic idea.
I'm still in college and we have a big semiconductors lab, so we had to learn the basics of lithography in class. The problem that people are running into is that everything uses UV light, which theoretically can make details of 10nm (its wavelength) but this is incredibly hard. There exists, but not commercially viable, techniques which use x-rays (masking material an issue), electron beams and proton beams(deBroigle wavelength). If IBM got one of these to work commercially it would be a big deal. If they built a state of the art one of these and made some 10nm features, no big deal. Probably the single biggest issue is that they have to make a machine accurate enough to be exactly in the focal point of the beam(~0.1 nm) and the smaller the beam you are using, the smaller the focal point so making more precise machinery is as much of a limiter as small beams.
I had to switch from Ubuntu to check, but iTunes 8 with my iPod is definitely not crashing my Vista Ultimate (free from school, I only keep it because of software for class that requires windows)
Anyone else remember the episode of Seinfeld where Jerry argues with his girlfriend about that Docker's commercial where they don't mention the pants, but they just stand there in the pants. Its all I could think of during the commercial, and the slight hint of hypocrisy if Seinfeld wrote that piece in the show and the commercial.
423 miles is stated in the summary which implies Low-earth orbit, most likely. The word choice doesn't seem to support it, but it could be on an elliptical orbit that takes it out to 423 miles, which increases the exposure time on the given spot. But to do that it would have to dip pretty low, causing small(but significant over months/years) drag. Also, I'm commenting on the new Google Satellite while test driving the new Google Browser
A prof of mine does work in metamaterials, he says he's made materials with resistivities less than 1e-9 which is an order of magnitude better than copper. Which using physics, is the same amount of decrease in loss. The important thing is dielectric constant for slowing down the speed of light, or realitive permeability
The officer used Air Force code to write improvements to it. If he had done this under contract, he would have been given data rights to it, but since he "took" Air Force code, fixed it up, and then sold non-existent rights to a corporation to try and make money off of his improvement. He got somewhat compensated (promotion/pay raise/having your name in code all over the AF). Under contract, this would have been a different story, freelance improvement on AF property, they did things acceptably.
Federation is basically when a group of states (in the technical sense, a defined area of land with a government) get together and decide that acting as one foreign policy unit is a good thing, and there is a weak federal government to enforce the limited agreement between the members. The USA under the articles of confederation was a federation. The CSA, aka "The South" is a federation. The "Russian Federation", not so much. The EU, almost.
SNR (signal to noise ratio) is how many dB of signal you have above your noise. (funny log math says log(A/B) = log(A)-log(B)), its a much much better measure of signal strength than just the signal power that you receive. The bars for your wi-fi reception meter correspond to bits encoded per cycle; wi-fi transmits up to 16 different shapes, each corresponding to a different 4 bit word, more noise leads to smaller words. The word length is determined by the bit error rate, which is basically a function of SNR.
I didn't realize Orson Scott Card had literary respect, I mean Ender's Game was pretty good, but Heinlein, Dick, Asimov, Clarke, and Herbert all wrote several books that were much better than Ender's Game. That said JK Rowling ranks alongside Tom Clancy in my opinion. Fun to read once, but very little depth in the text.
It seems to me from reading a few articles, that this is a non-linear device. For the record I'm just finishing EE junior year. It seems the applications for these devices are like flip-flops (a la the memory talk) and to act like axons. Using analog analysis on flip flops shows that they are non-linear. (I thought through a few different logics, CMOS, TTL, and diode logic). Axons, as far as I can tell from the internet and Carver Mead's book: Analog VLSI and Neural Systems, are non-linear as well. Why is linearity important? Well resistors, inductors and capacitors are linear. Diodes are non-linear and aren't considered basic circuit elements. Linearity, by the way, means that if I input signals x1 and then x2 into a circuit, I get y1 and then y2 as outputs; then I put in a third signal, A*x1 + B*x2, the output is A*y1 + B*y2. Though honestly, without specific equations for the device, I couldn't be sure.
Further Physics Clarification I'd say inverse square relationship, but its Gauss' Law. If the Earth generates signals that disperse willy nilly in a spherical shape you can use a real simple Gaussian sphere to understand that the further away you get the flux through a 1 m^2 piece of surface area is an inverse square relationship. The entire energy delivered to any sphere surrounding Earth is constant(assuming space is empty, no absorption by gases/sun/planets). Its not so much that the signal gets weaker, it disperses over a wider surface area. eg, a dish at 2 AU from earth picks up 1/4 of the signal 1 AU from earth. As far as purposefully sending a signal, that can be thought of as a cone with a certain amount of dispersion which is how steep the sides of the cone are. The tighter the cone, the bigger the signal that arrives at the destination. This signal strength still falls off as an inverse square. However the initial energy density is much much higher (think laser vs. LED), so it might be possible to go a very very long way with a extremely focused signal, with a dispersion angle on in the 2-3 arcseconds range. Though after some quick napkin physics, thats still too broad for anything but the inner solar system